RUSSIAN HISTORY
Prix Nobel? Oui, ma belle". So joked Brodsky long before receiving the Nobel Prize, which is the most important award for almost any writer. Despite the generous scattering of Russian literary geniuses, only five of them managed to receive the highest award. However, many of them, if not all, having received it, suffered enormous losses in their lives.
Nobel Prize 1933 "For the truthful artistic talent with which he recreated in prose a typical Russian character."
Bunin became the first Russian writer to receive the Nobel Prize. The fact that Bunin had not even appeared in Russia for 13 years, even as a tourist, gave a special resonance to this event. Therefore, when he was informed of the call from Stockholm, Bunin could not believe what had happened. In Paris, the news spread instantly. Every Russian, regardless of financial status and position, spent his last pennies in a tavern, rejoicing that their compatriot turned out to be the best.
Once in the Swedish capital, Bunin was almost the most popular Russian person in the world, they stared at him for a long time, looked around, whispered. He was surprised, comparing his fame and honor with the glory of the famous tenor. 
Nobel Prize ceremony.
I. A. Bunin in the first row, far right.
Stockholm, 1933
Nobel Prize in 1958 "For significant achievements in modern lyric poetry, as well as for the continuation of the traditions of the great Russian epic novel"
Pasternak's candidacy for the Nobel Prize was discussed in the Nobel Committee annually, from 1946 to 1950. After a personal telegram from the head of the committee and Pasternak's notice of the award, the writer replied with the following words: "Grateful, glad, proud, embarrassed." But some time later, after the planned public harassment of the writer and his friends, public persecution, sowing an impartial and even hostile image among the masses, Pasternak refused the prize, writing a letter with a more voluminous content.
After the prize was awarded, Pasternak bore the entire burden of the “persecuted poet” firsthand. Moreover, he carried this burden not at all for his poems (although it was for them, for the most part, that he was awarded the Nobel Prize), but for the “anti-Sovestvenny” novel Doctor Zhivago. Nes, even refusing such an honorary award and a solid amount of 250,000 crowns. According to the writer himself, he still would not have taken this money, sending it to another, more useful place than his own pocket.
On December 9, 1989, in Stockholm, the son of Boris Pasternak, Yevgeny, at a reception dedicated to the Nobel Prize laureates of that year, was awarded a diploma and the Nobel medal of Boris Pasternak. 
Pasternak Evgeny Borisovich
Nobel Prize 1965 "for the artistic power and integrity of the epic about the Don Cossacks at a turning point for Russia".
Sholokhov, like Pasternak, repeatedly appeared in the field of view of the Nobel Committee. Moreover, their paths, like their offspring, involuntarily, and voluntarily too, crossed more than once. Their novels, without the participation of the authors themselves, "prevented" each other from winning the main award. It is pointless to choose the best of two brilliant, but such different works. Moreover, the Nobel Prize was given (and is being given) in both cases not for individual works, but for the overall contribution as a whole, for a special component of all creativity. Once, in 1954, the Nobel Committee did not award Sholokhov an award only because the letter of recommendation from Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences Sergeev-Tsensky arrived a couple of days later, and the committee did not have enough time to consider Sholokhov's candidacy. It is believed that the novel ("Quiet Flows the Don") at that time was not politically beneficial to Sweden, and artistic value always played a secondary role for the committee. In 1958, when the figure of Sholokhov looked like an iceberg in the Baltic Sea, the prize went to Pasternak. Already a gray-haired, sixty-year-old Sholokhov in Stockholm was awarded his well-deserved Nobel Prize, after which the writer read the same pure and honest speech as all his work. 
Mikhail Alexandrovich in the Golden Hall of the Stockholm City Hall
before the start of the Nobel Prize.
Nobel Prize 1970 "For the moral strength gleaned from the tradition of great Russian literature."
Solzhenitsyn learned about this award while still in the camps. And in his heart he aspired to become its laureate. In 1970, after he was awarded the Nobel Prize, Solzhenitsyn replied that he would come for the award "in person, on the appointed day." However, just like twelve years earlier, when Pasternak was also threatened with deprivation of his citizenship, Solzhenitsin canceled his trip to Stockholm. It's hard to say that he regretted it too much. Reading the program of the gala evening, he kept coming across pompous details: what and how to say, a tuxedo or tailcoat to wear at a particular banquet. "... Why is it necessary to have a white butterfly," he thought, "but you can't wear a camp padded jacket?" "And how to talk about the main business of all life at the" banquet table "when the tables are laden with dishes and everyone drinks, eats, talks...".
Nobel Prize 1987 "For a comprehensive literary activity distinguished by clarity of thought and poetic intensity."
Of course, it was much "easier" for Brodsky to receive the Nobel Prize than for Pasternak or Solzhenitsyn. At that time, he was already a hunted emigrant, deprived of citizenship and the right to enter Russia. The news of the Nobel Prize caught Brodsky at lunch in a Chinese restaurant near London. The news practically did not change the expression of the writer's face. He only joked to the first reporters that now he would have to talk his tongue out for a whole year. One journalist asked Brodsky whether he considers himself a Russian or an American? “I am a Jew, a Russian poet and an English essayist,” Brodsky replied.
Known for his indecisive nature, Brodsky took to Stockholm two versions of the Nobel Lecture: in Russian and in English. Until the last moment, no one knew in which language the writer would read the text. Brodsky stopped in Russian.
On December 10, 1987, the Russian poet Joseph Brodsky was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "for his all-encompassing work, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity."
Vladimir Nabokov
The Nobel Prize in Literature is the most prestigious award given annually by the Nobel Foundation for achievements in literature since 1901. An award-winning writer appears in the eyes of millions of people as an incomparable talent or genius who, with his work, has managed to win the hearts of readers from all over the world.
However, there are a number of famous writers who, for various reasons, bypassed the Nobel Prize, but they deserved it no less than their fellow laureates, and sometimes even more. Who are they?
LEV TOLSTOY
It is generally accepted that Leo Tolstoy himself refused the prize. In 1901, the first Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the French poet Sully-Prudhomme - although, it would seem, how can one get around the author of Anna Karenina, War and Peace?
Understanding the embarrassment, the Swedish academicians shyly turned to Tolstoy, calling him "the deeply revered patriarch of modern literature" and "one of those mighty penetrating poets, which in this case should be remembered first of all." However, they wrote, the great writer himself "never aspired to such an award." Tolstoy thanked: “I was very pleased that the Nobel Prize was not awarded to me,” he wrote. "This saved me from a great difficulty - to dispose of this money, which, like all money, in my opinion, can only bring evil."
49 Swedish writers, led by August Strindberg and Selma Lagerlöf, wrote a letter of protest to the Nobel academics. The opinion of the expert of the Nobel Committee, Professor Alfred Jensen, was left behind the scenes: the philosophy of the late Tolstoy contradicts the testament of Alfred Nobel, who dreamed of an “idealistic orientation” of his works. And "War and Peace" is completely "devoid of understanding of history." The secretary of the Swedish Academy Carl Virsen agreed with this:
"This writer condemned all forms of civilization and insisted in return for them to adopt a primitive way of life, cut off from all the establishments of high culture."
Whether Lev Nikolayevich heard about it or not, but in 1906, anticipating another nomination, he asked the academicians to do everything so that he would not have to refuse the prestigious award. They happily agreed, and Tolstoy did not appear on the list of Nobel laureates.
VLADIMIR NABOKOV
One of the contenders for the award in 1963 was the famous writer Vladimir Nabokov, author of the sensational novel Lolita. This circumstance was a pleasant surprise for fans of the writer's work.
The scandalous novel, the theme of which was unthinkable for that time, was published in 1955 by the Parisian publishing house Olympia Press. In the 60s, rumors about Vladimir Nabokov's nomination for the Nobel Prize appeared more than once, but nothing was really clear. A little later it will become known that Nabokov will never receive the Nobel Prize for excessive immorality.
Anders Esterling, a permanent member of the Swedish Academy, opposed Nabokov's candidacy. “The author of the immoral and successful novel Lolita cannot, under any circumstances, be considered a candidate for the prize,” Esterling wrote in 1963.
In 1972, the prize winner Alexander Solzhenitsyn approached the Swedish committee with a recommendation to consider Nabokov's candidacy. Subsequently, the authors of many publications (in particular, the London Times, The Guardian, New York Times) ranked Nabokov among those writers who were undeservedly not included in the lists of nominees.
The writer was nominated in 1974 but lost to two Swedish authors who are now forgotten. But they turned out to be members of the Nobel Committee. One American critic wittily said: "Nabokov did not receive the Nobel Prize, not because he did not deserve it, but because the Nobel Prize did not deserve Nabokov."
MAKSIM GORKY
Since 1918, Maxim Gorky was nominated 5 times for the Nobel Prize in Literature - in 1918, 1923, 1928, 1930 and finally in 1933.
But even in 1933, the Nobel bypassed the writer. Among the nominees that year, together with him, were again Bunin and Merezhkovsky. For Bunin, this was the fifth attempt to take the Nobel. It turned out to be successful, in contrast to the five-time nominees. The award to Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was presented with the wording "For the strict skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose."
Until the forties, the Russian emigration had a concern - to do everything so that the prize would not fall to Gorky and the myth that there would be no culture left on the territory of Russia without emigrants. Both Balmont and Shmelev were put forward as candidates, but Merezhkovsky was especially nervous. The fuss was accompanied by intrigues, Aldanov urged Bunin to agree to a "group" nomination, the three of us, Merezhkovsky persuaded Bunin to agree to an amicable agreement - whoever wins will divide the prize in half. Bunin did not agree, and he did the right thing - Merezhkovsky, a fighter against the "coming boor", will soon be soiled by fraternization with Hitler and Mussolini.
And Bunin, by the way, gave part of the award without any contracts to needy Russian writers (they fought anyway), part was lost in the war, but Bunin bought a radio receiver for the award, on which he listened to reports of battles on the eastern front - he was worried.
However, the fact is that even here the Swedish newspapers were perplexed. Gorky has much more merit in Russian and world literature, Bunin is known only to fellow writers and rare connoisseurs. And Marina Tsvetaeva was indignant, by the way, sincerely: “I don’t protest, I just don’t agree, because Bunin is incomparably bigger: more, and more humane, and more original, and more necessary - Gorky. Gorky is an era, and Bunin is the end of an era. But - since this is politics, since the king of Sweden cannot pin an order on the communist Gorky ... "
Behind the scenes were the malicious opinions of experts. Having listened to them, back in 1918, academicians considered that Gorky, nominated by Romain Rolland, was an anarchist and "without a doubt, does not fit into the framework of the Nobel Prize in any way." The Dane H. Pontoppidan was preferred to Gorky (don't remember who it is - and it doesn't matter). In the 1930s, academicians hesitated and came up with - "collaborating with the Bolsheviks", the award "will be misinterpreted."
ANTON CHEKHOV
Anton Pavlovich, who died in 1904 (the award has been awarded since 1901), most likely simply did not have time to receive it. By the day of his death, he was known in Russia, but not yet very well in the West. In addition, there he is better known as a playwright. More precisely, in general, only as a playwright, he is known there. And the Nobel Committee does not favor playwrights.
…WHO ELSE?
In addition to the aforementioned Russian writers, among the Russian nominees for the award in different years were Anatoly Koni, Konstantin Balmont, Pyotr Krasnov, Ivan Shmelev, Nikolai Berdyaev, Mark Aldanov, Leonid Leonov, Boris Zaitsev, Roman Yakobson and Evgeny Yevtushenko.
And how many geniuses of Russian literature have not even been declared among the nominees Bulgakov, Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva, Mandelstam ... Everyone can continue this brilliant series with the names of their favorite writers and poets.
Is it a coincidence that four out of five Russian writers who became Nobel laureates were in one way or another in conflict with the Soviet authorities? Bunin and Brodsky were emigrants, Solzhenitsyn was a dissident, Pasternak received an award for a novel published abroad. Yes, Sholokhov, who was completely loyal to the Soviet regime, was given the Nobel "for the artistic strength and integrity of the epic about the Don Cossacks at a turning point for Russia."
Is it any wonder that in 1955 even the infamous Soviet cryptographer-defector Igor Gouzenko, who took up literature in the West, was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
And in 1970, the Nobel Committee had to prove for a long time that the prize was awarded to Alexander Solzhenitsyn not for political reasons, but "for the moral strength with which he followed the immutable traditions of Russian literature." Indeed, by that time only eight years had passed from the moment of the first publication of the writer, and his main works “The Gulag Archipelago” and “The Red Wheel” had not yet been published.
That's the way it is, brethren...
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The world's most prestigious literary prize, which is presented annually by the Nobel Foundation for achievements in the field of literature. The winners of the Nobel Prize in Literature, as a rule, are writers of world renown, recognized at home and abroad.
The first Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded on December 10, 1901. Its laureate was the French poet and essayist Sully Prudhomme. Since then, the date of the award ceremony has not changed, and every year on the day of the death of Alfred Nobel, in Stockholm, one of the most significant awards in the literary world from the hands of the King of Sweden is received by a poet, essayist, playwright, prose writer, whose contribution to world literature, according to Swedish Academy, worthy of such high praise. This tradition was violated only seven times - in 1914, 1918, 1935, 1940, 1941, 1942 and 1943 - when the prize was not awarded and the award was not carried out.
As a rule, the Swedish Academy prefers to evaluate not a single work, but the entire work of the nominee writer. In the entire history of the award, only a few times specific works have been awarded. Among them: "Olympic Spring" by Karl Spitteler (1919), "Juices of the Earth" by Knut Hamsun (1920), "Guys" by Vladislav Reymont (1924), "Buddenbrooks" by Thomas Mann (1929), "The Forsyte Saga" by John Galsworthy ( 1932), "The Old Man and the Sea" by Ernest Hemingway (1954), "Quiet Don" by Mikhail Sholokhov (1965). All these books are included in the Golden Fund of World Literature.
To date, the list of Nobel laureates consists of 108 names. Among them there are also Russian writers. The first Russian writer to receive the Nobel Prize in 1933 was the writer Ivan Alekseevich Bunin. Later, in different years, the Swedish Academy evaluated the creative achievements of Boris Pasternak (1958), Mikhail Sholokhov (1965), Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1970) and Joseph Brodsky (1987). In terms of the number of Nobel laureates (5) in the field of literature, Russia is in seventh place.
The names of applicants for the Nobel Prize in Literature are kept secret not only during the current award season, but also for the next 50 years. Every year, connoisseurs try to guess who will become the owner of the most prestigious literary award, and especially gamblers make bets at bookmakers. In the 2016 season, the famous Japanese prose writer Haruki Murakami is considered the main favorite to receive the Literary Nobel.
Prize amount- 8 million crowns (approximately 200 thousand dollars)
date of creation- 1901
Founders and co-founders. The Nobel Prize, including the Literature Prize, was created at the behest of Alfred Nobel. The award is currently administered by the Nobel Foundation.
Deadlines. Submission of applications - until January 31.
Identification of 15-20 main candidates - April.
Definition of 5 finalists - May.
Announcement of the winner's name - October.
Award Ceremony - Dec.
Award goals. According to the testament of Alfred Nobel, the Literature Prize is awarded to the author who created the most significant literary work of an idealistic orientation. However, in most cases, the award is given to writers on the basis of merit.
Who can participate. Any nominated author who has received an invitation to participate. Nominating yourself for the Nobel Prize in Literature is impossible.
Who can nominate. In accordance with the statutes of the Nobel Foundation, members of the Swedish Academy, other academies, institutions and societies with similar tasks and goals, professors of literature and linguistics of higher educational institutions, Nobel Prize winners in literature, chairmen of authors' unions, representing literary creativity in different countries.
Expert Council and Jury. After all applications have been submitted, the Nobel Committee selects candidates and presents them to the Swedish Academy, which is responsible for determining the laureate. The Swedish Academy consists of 18 people, including respected Swedish writers, linguists, teachers of literature, historians and lawyers. Nominations and prize fund. Nobel Prize winners receive a medal, diploma and monetary reward, which varies slightly from year to year. So, in 2015, the entire prize fund of the Nobel Prize amounted to 8 million Swedish kronor (approximately $ 1 million), which was divided among all laureates.
The Nobel Prize in Literature is an annual award for literary achievement given by the Nobel Committee in Stockholm. Contents 1 Requirements for nominating candidates 2 List of laureates 2.1 1900s ... Wikipedia
Medal awarded to the Nobel Prize winner The Nobel Prizes (Swedish Nobelpriset, English Nobel Prize) are one of the most prestigious international prizes awarded annually for outstanding scientific research, revolutionary inventions or ... ... Wikipedia
Medal of the laureate of the State Prize of the USSR The State Prize of the USSR (1966 1991) is one of the most important prizes in the USSR along with the Lenin Prize (1925 1935, 1957 1991). Established in 1966 as a successor to the Stalin Prize awarded in 1941-1954; laureates ... ... Wikipedia
The building of the Swedish Academy The Nobel Prize in Literature is an award for achievements in the field of literature, awarded annually by the Nobel Committee in Stockholm. Contents ... Wikipedia
Medal of the laureate of the State Prize of the USSR The State Prize of the USSR (1966 1991) is one of the most important prizes in the USSR along with the Lenin Prize (1925 1935, 1957 1991). Established in 1966 as a successor to the Stalin Prize awarded in 1941-1954; laureates ... ... Wikipedia
Medal of the laureate of the State Prize of the USSR The State Prize of the USSR (1966 1991) is one of the most important prizes in the USSR along with the Lenin Prize (1925 1935, 1957 1991). Established in 1966 as a successor to the Stalin Prize awarded in 1941-1954; laureates ... ... Wikipedia
Medal of the laureate of the State Prize of the USSR The State Prize of the USSR (1966 1991) is one of the most important prizes in the USSR along with the Lenin Prize (1925 1935, 1957 1991). Established in 1966 as a successor to the Stalin Prize awarded in 1941-1954; laureates ... ... Wikipedia
Books
- According to the will. Notes on the Nobel Prize Laureates in Literature, Ilyukovich A. The publication is based on biographical essays on all the Nobel Prize winners in literature for 90 years, from the moment of its first award in 1901 to 1991, supplemented by ...
Nobel Prize- one of the most prestigious world awards is awarded annually for outstanding scientific research, revolutionary inventions or a major contribution to culture or society.
November 27, 1895 A. Nobel made a will, which provided for the allocation of certain funds for the award awards in five areas: physics, chemistry, physiology and medicine, literature and contribution to world peace. And in 1900 the Nobel Foundation was created - a private, independent, non-governmental organization with an initial capital of 31 million Swedish kronor. Since 1969, at the initiative of the Swedish Bank, awards have also been made economics awards.
Since the inception of the awards, strict rules have been in place for the selection of laureates. The process involves intellectuals from all over the world. Thousands of minds are working to get the Nobel Prize for the most worthy of the applicants.
In total, five Russian-speaking writers have received this award so far.
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin(1870-1953), Russian writer, poet, honorary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1933 "for the strict skill with which he develops the traditions of Russian classical prose." In his speech at the award ceremony, Bunin noted the courage of the Swedish Academy, which honored the émigré writer (he emigrated to France in 1920). Ivan Alekseevich Bunin is the greatest master of Russian realistic prose.
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak(1890-1960), Russian poet, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1958 "for outstanding services in modern lyric poetry and in the field of great Russian prose." He was forced to refuse the award under the threat of expulsion from the country. The Swedish Academy recognized Pasternak's refusal of the prize as forced and in 1989 presented a diploma and a medal to his son.
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov(1905-1984), Russian writer, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1965 "for the artistic power and integrity of the epic about the Don Cossacks at a turning point for Russia." In his speech during the awards ceremony, Sholokhov said that his goal was to "exalt a nation of workers, builders and heroes". Starting as a realistic writer who is not afraid to show the deep contradictions of life, Sholokhov, in some of his works, became a prisoner of socialist realism.
Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn(1918-2008), Russian writer, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1970 "for the moral strength gleaned from the tradition of great Russian literature." The Soviet government considered the decision of the Nobel Committee "politically hostile", and Solzhenitsyn, fearing that after his trip, returning to his homeland would be impossible, accepted the award, but did not attend the award ceremony. In his artistic literary works, as a rule, he touched on acute socio-political issues, actively opposed communist ideas, the political system of the USSR and the policies of its authorities.
Joseph Alexandrovich Brodsky(1940-1996), poet, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1987 "for his many-sided work, marked by sharpness of thought and deep poetry." In 1972 he was forced to emigrate from the USSR, he lived in the USA (the world encyclopedia calls him American). I.A. Brodsky is the youngest writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. The features of the poet's lyrics are the understanding of the world as a single metaphysical and cultural whole, the identification of the limitations of a person as a subject of consciousness.
If you want to get more specific information about the life and work of Russian poets and writers, get to know their works better, online tutors always happy to help you. Online teachers help to analyze the poem or write a review about the work of the selected author. Training takes place on the basis of specially developed software. Qualified teachers provide assistance in doing homework, explaining incomprehensible material; help prepare for the GIA and the exam. The student chooses for himself whether to conduct classes with the selected tutor for a long time, or use the teacher's help only in specific situations when there are difficulties with a certain task.
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