Pioneers are the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad. Conference category: The fate of children of wartime Stalingrad

Transcript

1 Municipal educational institution of Volgograd Lyceum 7 Regional competition of educational research works and creative projects of students “Tsaritsyn-Stalingrad-Volgograd” “Children of War. Children of Stalingrad" Completed by: Tikhomirov Sergey Alekseevich Student 9 "B" class of Municipal Educational Institution Lyceum 7 Head: Zaitseva Natalya Vasilievna History teacher Volgograd

2 Contents Introduction. 3 Chapter 1. Children’s contribution to the victory at Stalingrad General situation on the Stalingrad front Who are they “Children of War, Children of Stalingrad”? The exploits of the children of wartime Stalingrad 8 Chapter 2. Pioneer heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad 17 Chapter 3. Monuments and museums dedicated to the children of the Battle of Stalingrad Museum “Children of Tsaritsyn, Stalingrad, Volgograd” Sculptural composition “Children of Stalingrad” Monument to Sasha Filippov 26 Conclusion 27 List of used literature and sources 28 2

3 Introduction Victory in the Great Patriotic War is a feat and glory of our people. No matter how the assessments and even the facts of our history have changed in recent years, the key role of the hero city of Stalingrad and the Battle of Stalingrad in this bloody war is completely undeniable. Before the battle, with the increased threat of an enemy attack, a partial evacuation of the civilian population began. But the bulk of the residents of Stalingrad remained in the city and actively helped their troops. In difficult conditions caused by the proximity of the front, factories continued to operate in the city, producing weapons and ammunition for units fighting the Nazi troops. Children remained in the city along with the adults. The concepts of children and war are incompatible! However, the young residents of Stalingrad had to endure, together with the adults, the entire tragedy of the besieged city. The war taught these children to cry. Sometimes frightened children sat next to the cold bodies of their dead mothers for several days, waiting for their fate to be decided. Childhood was consumed by war, youth by post-war devastation and hunger. Our research work “Children of War. Children of Stalingrad”, dedicated to all children who survived the horrors of war. To the little heroes who brought the end of the war closer. The relevance of the work lies in the fact that this topic has not been sufficiently researched, is not studied in history lessons, and is also socially relevant. We decided to explore the topic of childhood during the Second World War and the goal of our research is to identify the role of children in the victory of the Soviet Army at Stalingrad, to strengthen and preserve the memory of the civic duty of young residents of the city, their courage and contribution to the cause of victory. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: - study documents on the Battle of Stalingrad; - determine the role of children in defencist activities against the German invaders; - identify the names of children who participated in hostilities as part of military units; - identify the names of children who received awards for participating in the Second World War. The subject of the study is the event of the Battle of Stalingrad. The object of the study is children who survived the military events at Stalingrad. In educational literature on history and encyclopedic publications there is practically no information about the contribution of children to the victory at Stalingrad, but we assumed that there are other sources that the contribution of children could not remain unnoticed and appreciated. 3

4 We also believe that without the children who worked in factories, harvested crops in the fields, carried out reconnaissance, helped care for the wounded, bury the dead, and much more, the victory would not have been so obvious. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that all the work is based on the memories of real Stalingrad children, members of the public organization “Children of War” in the Dzerzhinsky district. The following methods were used: conceptual, analysis and interpretation, interviewing, comparative analysis. The materials from this work can be used in history lessons, lessons on courage and classroom hours dedicated to the Second World War and the Battle of Stalingrad. 4

5 Chapter 1. Children’s contribution to the victory at Stalingrad 1.1 General situation on the Stalingrad front The Battle of Stalingrad in terms of the duration and ferocity of the fighting, the number of people and military equipment participating, surpassed all previous battles in world history. It unfolded over a vast territory of 100 thousand km². At certain stages, more than 2 million people, more than 2 thousand tanks, more than 2 thousand aircraft, 26 thousand guns took part in it on both sides. The results of the battle surpassed all previous ones. During its time, the Soviet armed forces defeated five enemy armies: two German, two Romanian and one Italian. The Nazi troops lost up to 1.5 million soldiers and officers and a large amount of military equipment, weapons and equipment killed, wounded, and captured. Stalingrad lay in ruins. The total material damage exceeded 9 billion rubles (a huge amount in monetary terms at that time). And it was quite understandable that people wanted to see it revived and not just a city for residents, but a monument city, in stone and bronze, with an edifying lesson in retribution to the enemy, a city of eternal memory for its fallen defenders. Every Stalingrad family suffered, 300 thousand civilians were evacuated, 75 thousand people fought in militia units and extermination battalions, 46 thousand people were taken to forced labor in Germany, 50 thousand people were wounded, 43 thousand people died in time of enemy air raids and artillery shelling. But the worst thing is that the children of Stalingrad witnessed these bloody events. The horrors of war were experienced not only by adults, but also by children who had no childhood at all. Hungry, ragged, they hid from the bombing in the basements of dilapidated houses, in cold, deep ravines. In the rear, children worked in factories, making shells to make it easier to reach the machines, and boxes were placed under their feet. Thin children's hands skillfully did their work, making their contribution to the salvation of the Motherland. Participating in the restoration of the national economy, children helped adults in the fields, harnessed themselves to the plow, collected ears of corn, stamping on the plowed land and stubble with their bare feet. The soldiers, dying on the battlefields, firmly believed that the state would take care of their children. But years have passed, and we, remembering the heroic victory at Stalingrad, remembering the marshals, snipers and other participants in these hostilities, forget about those who did everything for the victory that was feasible, who restored our city - forgotten in the present. 5

6 1.2 Who are they “Children of War, Children of Stalingrad”? Our elderly fellow citizens born in the last pre-war years, those who on June 22, 1941 were more than five, but less than fourteen, here they are, the children of the Great Patriotic War. War This terrible word frightens and causes hatred. War is blood, death, cruelty, panic, broken families and an endlessly long wait for the end of this insane torture. However, memories are also different. War through the eyes of a soldier and war as seen by a child are two completely different tragedies. During World War II, 13 million children died around the world. Children, citizens of the world, were dying! Before the war, almost each of them lived in their own family, surrounded by the care and affection of their parents, and did not think about what would happen tomorrow. Of course, not every child had a family, but they were still children who lived in their own world, with their own secrets, hopes, and dreams. And so on June 22, 1941, everything “plunged into darkness”; dreams were shattered. The heroes of our study are people who were only years old during the terrible events of the Great Patriotic War. What the warrior could not see on the battlefield, they saw and remembered. A vivid, imaginative childhood memory imprinted the harsh and frightening truth of the Battle of Stalingrad for the rest of my life. We are talking about civilians caught in the thick of a historical battle, whose goal was survival. How the children managed to survive this crazy time, what they felt, how they lived, what they hoped for. There are very few of these people left. They leave, taking with them priceless evidence of the great tragic history of their Motherland. And their stories, piercing and emotional, combined with dry facts, previously unknown, will create a picture of the true scale of the Battle of Stalingrad. Veterans of the Stalingrad events united in organizations: the all-Russian public movement “Children of War” and the public organization “Children of Stalingrad”, as well as the organization “Children of Stalingrad in Moscow”, as a reminder of the adult past of wartime children. The Charter has been adopted, the companies operate on a legal basis. The goal of the movements is to improve the lives of “Children of War”. There is such an association in our Dzerzhinsky district of Volgograd. These heroic children not only survived military events, lost their relatives and tried to continue to live with all this, they, with their weak, thin hands, restored Stalingrad from the ruins. “We opened our eyes in the morning, ate what the elders gave us and ran to the rubble. We dismantled the stone piles with our hands; the city had to be cleared before building new houses. Our nails were broken, the skin of our hands was scarred and rough. We really wanted to restore 6

7th city" - Andreeva V.K. (teacher at Voronezh State Pedagogical University, died in 2010). It was they, the Children of War, who had to restore our city, the whole country, our huge, powerful state. The entire city was a battlefield. And when the snow began to melt, the corpses of our and German soldiers were discovered in the streets, in craters, factory buildings, everywhere where there were battles. It was necessary to interred them. “We returned to Stalingrad, and my mother went to work at an enterprise that was located at the foot of Mamayev Kurgan,” recalls Lyudmila Butenko, who was 6 years old. From the first days, all the workers, mostly women, had to collect and bury the corpses of our soldiers who died during the assault on Mamayev Kurgan. You just have to imagine what the women experienced, some who became widows, and others who waited every day for news from the front, worrying and praying for their loved ones. In front of them were the bodies of someone’s husbands, brothers, sons. Mom came home tired and depressed.” It’s hard to imagine this in our pragmatic times, but just two months after the end of the fighting in Stalingrad, brigades of volunteer construction workers appeared. The generation of wartime children was characterized by an early awareness of their civic duty, a desire to do what was in their power to “help the fighting Motherland,” no matter how pompous it sounds today. But such were the young Stalingrad residents. 7

8 1.3 The exploits of the children of wartime Stalingrad On June 22, 1941, Nazi Germany attacked the Soviet Union. The residents of Stalingrad decided to transform industry into a war effort. The tractor plant began producing tanks instead of tractors, seamstresses sewed soldiers' uniforms, and collective farmers worked under the slogan “Bread to the Front.” Children helped adults in any way they could: they collected scrap metal and waste paper, unloaded medicines and food, carried the wounded out of ambulance trains and loaded them onto cars. The stretcher was heavy for children and therefore four of them had to carry it. When the front began to approach Stalingrad, children began to stand guard on the roofs of houses, extinguishing and dropping incendiary bombs on the ground. Teenagers were also on duty on the streets of darkened Stalingrad, having special passes in their hands. But the main thing for the children was studying. Many schools were occupied by hospitals, so high school students studied in libraries and other institutions in 3-4 shifts. Junior schoolchildren were divided into two groups, some studied in the morning, others in the afternoon, at one of their classmates’ apartments. Many children died or were maimed. Teenagers helped adults in the fight against the Nazis. Among the little fighters were nurses and intelligence officers. A lot of guys were in partisan detachments. They disrupted communication lines, slashed car tires, and freed captured Red Army soldiers. Many children were awarded medals and orders. The most dangerous place during the Battle of Stalingrad was the Volga. Sailors and rivermen from beyond the Volga transported troops, ammunition, food, medicine, and mail. And valuable equipment, wounded, civilians and children were taken out of the city. The Nazis set up their occupation regime on the occupied territory. On just one suspicion of connection with the partisans or the Red Army, people were brought to the German Commandant's Office, interrogated, and then shot or hanged. On the occupied territory, the Nazis created concentration camps for Soviet prisoners of war, civilians and children. A concentration camp for the Nazis is a waste-free production. Good clothes and shoes were taken from the children and sent to German children. And Russian children wore canvas shoes with wooden soles. The girls' hair was cut and 8

9 filled the mattresses. Lampshades, wallets, handbags, and gloves were made from children's skin. When children were burned, the ashes were taken to the fields for fertilizer. Like adults, children had to endure hunger, cold, and the death of relatives, and all this at such a young age. And they not only held on, but also did everything in their power for the sake of survival, for the sake of victory. This is how they themselves remember it. “The front was still relatively far from Stalingrad, and the city was already surrounded by fortifications. In the hot, stuffy summer, thousands of women and teenagers dug trenches, anti-tank ditches, and built barges. Or, as they said then, “he went behind the trenches.” It was not easy to overcome the ground, hard as stone, without a pick or crowbar. The sun and wind were especially tormenting. The heat was drying and exhausting, and it wasn’t always hot. Sand and dust clogged my nose, mouth, and ears. We lived in tents, sleeping side by side on straw. We were so tired that we fell asleep instantly, barely touching the ground with our knees. And it’s not surprising: after all, they worked hours a day. At first, we covered barely a kilometer during the shift, and then, after getting used to it and gaining experience, it was as much as three kilometers. Bloody calluses formed on the palms, which kept bursting and sore. Eventually they hardened. Sometimes German planes swooped in and fired at us at low level with machine guns. It was very scary, women usually cried, crossed themselves, and others said goodbye to each other. Even though we boys tried to show ourselves as almost men, we were still afraid too. After each such flight, we were sure to miss someone.” Work in hospitals M. I. Malyutin “Many of us, children of Stalingrad, count our “stay” in the war from August 23. I felt it here, in the city, a little earlier, when the girls of our eighth grade were sent to help convert the school into a hospital. Everything was allotted, as we were told, days. We started by emptying the classrooms of desks, putting beds in their place and filling them with bedding. But the real work began when one night a train arrived with 9

10 wounded, and we helped carry them from the carriages to the station building. It was not at all easy to do this. After all, our strengths were not so great. That’s why there were four of us serving each stretcher. Two of them grabbed the handles, and two more crawled under the stretcher and, raising themselves slightly, moved along with the main ones. The wounded were moaning, others were delirious, and even cursed violently. Most of them were black with smoke and soot, torn, dirty, and wearing bloody bandages. Looking at them, we often roared, but we did our job. But even after we, together with the adults, took the wounded to the hospital, they did not let us go home. There was enough work for everyone: they looked after the wounded, rewrapped bandages, and carried out vessels. But the day came when they told us: “Girls, you must go home today.” And then there was August 23.” Extinguishing “lighters” V. Ya. Khodyrev “One day our group, among which I was, heard the growing rumble of an enemy plane, and soon the whistle of falling bombs. Several lighters fell onto the roof, one of them ended up near me, sparkling dazzlingly. Out of surprise and excitement, I forgot for a while how to act. He hit her with a shovel. It flared up again, showering with a fountain of sparks, and, jumping, flew over the edge of the roof. Without causing any harm to anyone, she burned out on the ground in the middle of the yard. There were other tamed lighters later on my account, but I especially remembered that first one. He proudly showed his pants, burned by its sparks, to the yard boys.” Labor in production M. N. Kiselev “The war found me in a vocational school. Our educational process has changed dramatically. Instead of the required two years of training, after ten months I found myself at a tractor factory. We did not regret the shortened training. On the contrary, they tried to get to the workshop as quickly as possible so that the slogan “Everything for 10

11th front! Everything for victory! could be carried out not only by others, but also by us, teenagers. Times were harsh, and there were practically no discounts for our age. We worked 12 hours a day. Out of habit, we quickly got tired. It was especially difficult if you were on the night shift. I then worked as a milling machine operator and was very proud of it. But there were also those among us (especially among the turner boys) who, in order to stand at the machine, placed boxes under their feet.” Rescue of people on the boat V. A. Potemkina “Our family was “afloat” at that time. The fact is that dad worked as a mechanic on a small boat “Levanevsky”. On the eve of the start of the bombing of the city, the authorities sent the ship to Saratov for military uniforms and at the same time allowed the captain and my dad to take their families and leave them there. But as soon as we set sail, such bombing began that we had to turn back. Then the mission was cancelled, but we remained living on the boat. But it was a completely different military life than before. We loaded ammunition and food and delivered it to the center. After this, wounded soldiers, women, old people, and children were taken on board and transported to the left bank. On the way back, it was the turn of the “civilian” half of the boat’s crew, that is, the captain’s wife and son, and my mother and I. Moving along the swaying deck from wounded to wounded, we adjusted their bandages, gave them something to drink, and calmed the seriously wounded soldiers, asking them to be patient a little until we reached the opposite shore. All this had to be done under fire. German planes knocked down our mast and pierced us with machine-gun fire many times. Often the people taken on board died from these deadly stitches. During one such walk, the captain and dad were wounded, but they received urgent assistance on shore, and we again continued our dangerous voyages. That’s how I unexpectedly found myself among the defenders of Stalingrad. True, I personally managed to do little, but if subsequently at least one fighter survived, whom I helped in some way, then I am happy.” eleven

12 Participation in hostilities Zhenya Motorin When the bombing began, Zhenya Motorin, a native Stalingrad resident, lost his mother and sister. So the fourteen-year-old teenager was forced to spend some time with the soldiers on the front line. They tried to evacuate him across the Volga, but due to constant bombing and shelling this was not possible. Zhenya experienced a real nightmare when, during another bombing, a soldier walking next to him covered the boy with his body. As a result, the soldier was literally torn to pieces by shrapnel, but Motorin remained alive. The amazed teenager ran from that place for a long time. And stopping in some dilapidated house, I realized that I was standing on the site of a recent battle, surrounded by the corpses of the Stalingrad defenders. A machine gun lay nearby, and Zhenya grabbed it and heard rifle shots and long bursts of machine gun fire. There was a battle going on in the house opposite. A minute later, a long burst of machine gun fire hit the backs of the Germans who were coming to the rear of our soldiers. Zhenya, who saved the soldiers, has since become the son of the regiment. Soldiers and officers later called the guy “Stalingrad Gavroche.” And medals appeared on the young defender’s tunic: “For Courage”, “For Military Merit”. Anatoly Stolpovsky Anatoly Stolpovsky was only 10 years old. He often left his underground shelter to get food for his mother and younger children. But the mother did not know that Tolik was constantly crawling under fire into the neighboring basement, where the artillery command post was located. The officers, having noticed enemy firing points, transmitted commands by telephone to the left bank of the Volga, where the artillery batteries were located. Once, when the Nazis launched another attack, an explosion of 12

13 telephone wires were severed. Before Tolik’s eyes, two signalmen died, who, one after another, tried to restore communication. The Nazis were already tens of meters from the checkpoint when Tolik, putting on a camouflage suit, crawled to look for the place of the cliff. Soon the officer was already transmitting commands to the artillerymen. The enemy attack was repulsed. More than once, at decisive moments of battle, the boy under fire reconnected the broken connection. Tolik and his family were in our basement, and I witnessed how the captain, giving his mother loaves of bread and canned food, thanked her for raising such a brave son. Anatoly Stolpovsky was awarded the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad.” With a medal on his chest, he came to study in his 4th grade. Intelligence Beschasnova (Radyno) Lyudmila Vladimirovna. “I was sent to a children’s home on Klinskaya Street. Many kids were taken into families, and we were waiting to be sent to orphanages. The situation at the front was difficult. The enemy approached the Don, and tens of kilometers remained to Stalingrad. It was difficult for adults to cross the line from the Don to the villages, since the scorched fields were very clearly visible, and all adults were detained. The command tried to send the guys on reconnaissance. Six children were taken from the orphanage. We were prepared for reconnaissance for six days. Using the albums, we learned about enemy equipment, uniforms, insignia, symbols on vehicles, and how to quickly count the number of soldiers in a column (4 people in a row in a platoon, 4 platoons in a company, etc.). It would be even more valuable if you could accidentally look at the numbers on pages 1 and 2 in a soldier’s or officer’s book, and keep it all in your memory without writing anything down anywhere. Even the kitchen could tell a lot, since the number of field kitchens serving a certain area spoke about the approximate number of soldiers located in that area. All this was very useful to me, as the information was more complete and accurate. Of course, the Germans were in no hurry to show their documents. But sometimes it was possible to win over the Germans and ask them to show photographs of Frau and Kinder, and this is the weakness of all front-line soldiers. The photographs were kept in the pockets of their jackets, with books nearby. Of course, not everyone even allowed opening 13

14 book, but sometimes it was still possible. When crossing the front line it was not always very smooth. And they caught us and interrogated us. My first assignment was for the Don in the Kumovka area. Front-line reconnaissance found a landing site, and E.K. Alekseeva and I (according to legend, my mother) were transported by boat to a shore occupied by the enemy. We had never seen living Germans, and we felt uneasy. It was an early morning. The sun was just rising. We turned a little so that it would not be noticeable that we were coming from the bank of the Don. And suddenly, unexpectedly, we found ourselves next to the road on which there was a column of motorcyclists. We squeezed each other's hands tightly and, pretending to be careless, walked through the rows, or rather between the motorcyclists. The Germans did not pay any attention to us, and we, out of fear, could not utter a single word. And only after walking a considerable distance did they breathe a sigh of relief and laugh. The baptism was completed and it became almost no longer scary. Patrols appeared ahead, they searched us and, after taking away the lard, we were strictly forbidden to walk here. We were treated rudely and we realized that we must always be on our guard and return back by a different route. We were supposed to return in a day or two to the landing site and quietly say “black raven.” Anyone who has been on a quiet river at night knows how far even a slight splash can be heard. There were no soldiers in the villages, but patrols created from Cossacks, and a headman lived in one of the houses. We were not allowed to drink from our wells. Bread was baked in the yard on cabbage leaves, but not shared with strangers. The houses were solid and not destroyed. The information that we were able to collect made it possible to return on time and report on the situation in this area. A small hitch occurred along the way, which changed my future fate: we were returning home, and suddenly the shelling began. We ran into the dugout, where there were old people and children. Everyone was praying. Look at Elena Konstantinovna, I also began to pray, but I did it for the first time and, apparently, incorrectly. Then the old man leaned over to me and quietly told me not to pray, and that this was not my mother. We returned and told everything about what we had seen and heard. They didn’t send me with anyone else and they changed the legend. She was almost believable. I supposedly lost my mother, I’m looking for her and moving away from the bombing. I came from Leningrad. This often helped to get food and pass through protected areas. I went on missions six more times.” Rusanova Galina Mikhailovna “Soon after arriving in Stalingrad, my mother died of typhus, and I ended up in an orphanage. Those who lived through the war as children remember how we learned, unmistakably, by sound and silhouette, to distinguish systems of artillery guns, tanks, 14

15 aircraft, military insignia of the Nazi army. All this helped me when I became a scout. I didn’t go on reconnaissance alone, I had a partner, twelve-year-old Leningrader Lyusya Radyno. More than once we were detained by the Nazis. They interrogated. Both fascists and traitors who were in the service of enemies. The questions were asked “with an approach”, without pressure, so as not to frighten, however, we confidently tried to stick to our “legend”: “We are from Leningrad, we have lost relatives.” It was easy to adhere to the “legend” because there was no fiction in it. And we pronounced the word “Leningrad” with special pride. I will forever remember the July night of 1942. My partner Vanya and I were sent from the left wooded bank of the Don and left alone in territory occupied by the enemy. And we met. On the road we were overtaken by two German soldiers on bicycles. Stopped. Searched. Finding nothing but bread, they were released. This is how my first baptism of fire took place. Then, the first task of the reconnaissance department of the 62nd Army, which took part in the battles for Stalingrad, did not bring visible success: during a 25-kilometer raid behind enemy lines, neither German equipment nor troops and all the same, it was the most difficult, because first. My last assignment was in October 1942, when there were fierce battles for Stalingrad. North of the tractor factory I had to pass a strip of land occupied by the Germans. Two days of endless attempts did not bring the desired success: every centimeter of that land was precisely targeted. Only on the third day did we manage to get onto the path that led to the German trenches. As I was approaching, they called out to me; it turned out that I had walked into a minefield. The German took me across the field and handed me over to the authorities. They kept me as a servant for a week, barely fed me and interrogated me. Then a prisoner of war camp. Then he was transferred to another camp, from which (what a happy fate) they were released.” Verzhichinsky Yuri Nikolaevich “On the descent from Raboche-Krestyanskaya there was a damaged tank of ours. I prepared to crawl over to it, and right next to the tank I found myself in front of our scouts. They asked what I saw on my way. I told them that German reconnaissance had just passed through and went under the Astrakhan Bridge. They took me with them. So I ended up in the 130th anti-aircraft mortar division. We decided to send them across the Volga at the first opportunity. But I “got accustomed” first to the mortar men, and then to the scouts, since I knew this area well. 15

16 In the division, as a local, I had to cross the front line alone several times. I receive a task: under the guise of a refugee, go from the Kazan Church through Dar Gora, Sadovaya station. If possible, walk to the Lapshin Garden. Do not write down, do not sketch, just remember. Many local residents left the city through Dar Gora, Voroponovo station and beyond. In the Dar Mountain area, not far from school 14, I was detained by German tank crews on suspicion that I was a Jew. It should be said that on my father’s side my relatives are Poles. I differed from the blond local boys in that I had jet black hair. The tankers handed me over to the Ukrainian SS men, either from Galicia or from Verkhovyna. And they, without further ado, decided to just hang him. But then I lost it. The fact is that German tanks have very short cannons, and the rope slipped. They had just begun to hang us for the second time, and then our division began mortar fire. This is a terrible sight. God forbid we ever come under such fire again. My executioners seemed to be blown away by the wind, and I, with a rope around my neck, rushed to run, not looking at the breaks. Having run away a fair distance, I threw myself under the flooring of the destroyed house and threw my coat over my head. It was late October or early November, and I was wearing a winter coat. When I got up after the shelling, the coat looked like a “royal robe” - cotton wool was sticking out everywhere from the blue coat.” Capturing the spies V.L. Kravtsov “At the end of July, somewhere around twelve o’clock at night, after the air raid alert was announced, when the blinding white beams of searchlights were rushing across the sky, we stood at the crossroads of the streets, near the Smirnovsky store. Suddenly, from behind the house opposite, a rocket hissed into the sky. Having described an arc, it fell somewhere in the area of ​​the crossing. Without saying a word, we rushed into the dark courtyard. We immediately saw a man running towards the water pump. Yura, the lightest on his feet, overtook the rocket man first and knocked him down. This moment was enough for Kolya and I to be right there. We mounted the enemy spy with the entire patrol. Having searched him, they found nothing: in all likelihood, he managed to get rid of unnecessary evidence. They tied the detainee's hands with a trouser belt and took him to the police station. They were silent the whole way, everyone thought about their own things. Only Yurka still couldn’t calm down and endlessly repeated: “What a bastard! What a damn fascist!” 16

17 We were thanked for our vigilance. And K.S. Bogdanova added: “I’m proud of you guys. You will definitely be rewarded." But August 23 crossed everything out. Everyone had no time for awards. And yet they appeared. But later, two years later, when we went to the front at seventeen years old. Only Kolya was not among us; he died on the fifth day after the bombing.” Chapter 2. Pioneers, heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad And when the war ends, and we begin to reflect on the reasons for our victory over the enemy of humanity, we will not forget that we had a powerful ally: a multimillion-strong, tightly united army of Soviet children. Korney Chukovsky, 1942. On September 15, 1942, a decree of the Komsomol Central Committee on the work of pioneer organizations during the Great Patriotic War was published. The war also brought changes to the work of the Stalingrad Pioneer Organization. All pioneer leaders were appointed. A system of orders, reports and other attributes of paramilitary associations was introduced. The resolution provided for more than just organizational changes. “In all work,” it said, “it is necessary to introduce a military spirit, to ensure the daily education of discipline, perseverance, endurance, ingenuity, dexterity, and fearlessness in the pioneers. Each pioneer must set an example in mastering the military training provided for in the school curriculum.” The pioneers had to overcome their lack of adaptation to life and participate in the common labor of workers and peasants and the intelligentsia. This system of work introduced a spirit of romance, contributed to the connection between generations, and fostered heroism in the behavior of the children. The peculiarities of wartime pioneer organizations were short-term associations: combined squads of evacuated children, posts and units, brigades and teams for the purpose of protecting objects, rebuilding destroyed schools and buildings, participants in seasonal field campaigns. These associations, having completed their tasks, ceased to exist. Quickly created maneuverable organizational forms of activity brought significant benefits to the fund of the common victorious cause. In 1941, the writer Arkady Gaidar, beloved by children, addressed the pioneers: “You say: I hate the enemy, I despise death. All this is true, but it is your duty to know military affairs and to always be ready for battle. Without skill, without dexterity, your hot heart will flare up on the battlefield, like a bright signal flare, fired without purpose or meaning, and will immediately go out, showing nothing, wasted in vain.” 17

18 The Stalingrad pioneers showed courage and bravery in the fight against the enemy during the Battle of Stalingrad. May the names of young patriots and pioneer heroes not be erased in our memory. Misha Romanov (born in the Kotelnikovsky district of the Volgograd region) The writer G.I. writes about the feat of this pioneer hero. Pritchin. “On a quiet morning on a cold November day, a partisan detachment of Kotelnikovites was surrounded by enemies. A boy of about 13 years old was sitting on the parapet of the trench, it was Misha. He fought with his father. In the detachment he was nicknamed “oak”. The farm where Misha’s family lived was burned by the Nazis. It is unknown what happened to the mother and sister. The third attack is made by the enemy. The partisans are poorly armed, but the Nazis cannot overcome the resistance of the partisans. The commander was killed, many comrades died. Father's machine gun was the last to fall silent. The forces were unequal, the enemies were approaching closely. Misha was left alone. He stood upright on the edge of the trench and began to wait. Seeing the boy, the Germans were dumbfounded with surprise. Misha looked at his dead father for the last time, grabbed a bunch of grenades in both hands and threw them into the crowds of Nazis who surrounded him. There was a deafening explosion, and a second later Misha Romanov, the son of a Don Cossack, a graduate of the Stalingrad Pioneer Organization, was struck down by machine gun fire.” The name of the pioneer hero Misha Romanov in 1958 was included in the Book of Honor of the All-Union Pioneer Organization. The pioneer squad of secondary school No. 4 in Kotelnikovo is named after him. Vanya Tsygankov, Misha Shesterenko, Egor Pokrovsky (Kalach) These guys are the pioneers of Kalach, who during the Battle of Stalingrad conducted reconnaissance behind enemy lines, obtaining extremely important information about the location of fascist units and their firing points. Caused significant damage to the enemy's human and technical forces. They helped free a group of Soviet prisoners of war in a daring act of sabotage. The boy's skill in installing homemade mines helped. The road where the fascist convoys advanced was covered with planks with nails. More than 50 such planks were placed at a distance of 50 m from one another. Thus, the movement stopped. 18

19 The enemies searched for a long time and then came to the guys. Tortured, they died without bowing their heads. The eldest of them was 15 years old. Let's remember their names! Lyusya Radyno Lyusya ended up in Stalingrad after a long search for her family and friends. 13-year-old Lyusya, a resourceful, inquisitive pioneer from Leningrad, voluntarily became a scout. One day, an officer came to the Stalingrad children's reception center looking for children to work in intelligence. So Lyusya ended up in a combat unit. Their commander was a captain who taught and gave instructions on how to conduct observations, what to note in memory, how to behave in captivity. In the first half of August 1942, Lyusya, together with Elena Konstantinovna Alekseeva, under the guise of mother and daughter, were for the first time thrown behind enemy lines. Lucy crossed the front line seven times, obtaining new information about the enemy. For exemplary performance of command tasks, she was awarded the medals “For Courage” and “For the Defense of Stalingrad.” Lucy was lucky to be alive. Sasha Filippov No matter how many years pass, the name of the young partisan intelligence officer Sasha Filippov will be remembered in the hearts of the residents of our city. The large family in which Sasha grew up lived on Dar Mountain. In the detachment he was known as the “schoolboy.” Short, agile, resourceful Sasha walked freely around the city. The tools of a shoemaker served as a disguise for him; he was trained in this craft. Operating in the rear of Paulus's 6th Army, Sasha crossed the front line 12 times. After the death of his son, Sasha’s father told what valuable documents Sasha brought to the military, and obtained information about the location of troops in the city. He blew up the German headquarters by throwing a grenade through its window. On December 23, 1942, Sasha was captured by the Nazis and hanged along with other partisans. Schools and teams in our city and region, as well as a park in the Voroshilovsky district where his bust is installed, are named after Sasha. 19

20 The Barefoot Garrison The feat of the pioneer detachment of the Lyapichev seven-year school, which operated illegally in the Don farms, is described in the book by Viktor Drobotov “The Barefoot Garrison.” All the boys were in elementary school. There were 17 children in the pioneer “garrison”: Ivan Makhin - 11 years old, Nikolay Egorov - 12 years old, Vasily Gorin - 13 years old, Timofey Timonin - 12 years old, Aksen Timonin - 14 years old, Vasily Egorov - 13 years old, Semyon Manzhin - 9 years old , Nikifor Nazarkin - 12 years old, Konstantin Golovlev - 13 years old, Emelyan Safonov - 12 years old, Maxim Tserkovnikov - 13 years old, Anatoly Semenov - 10 years old, Grigory Rebrikov - 12 years old, Sergey Safonov - 12 years old, Petr Silkin - 11 years old, Silkin Fedor - 13 years old, Golovlev Philip - 13 years old. The eldest of them, Aksen Timonin, chairman of the detachment council, was 14 years old, the youngest, Syomka Manzhin, was only 9 years old. The pioneers kept their ties in a secret place, which only the commander of the “garrison” Aksen knew about. The young commander loved military affairs. He had wooden guns. The boys, secretly from the adults, were engaged in military affairs on loan. They found ammunition there, dragged it to the village and hid it behind the river to help the Red Army soldiers. They were trained in shooting, the target was a portrait of Hitler. When they came to the village, the Nazis were harmed as best they could. Four of them (Aksyon and Timosha Timonin, Seryozha Sokolov and Fedya Silkin) knew about the wounded officer hidden in the loan. More than once they made their way to the barns where the Nazis stored parcels. The obtained products were transported to the officer. To steal the weapon, Maxim Tserkovnikov climbed into the car, throwing machine guns out of it. The Germans noticed him, but Maxim managed to escape. The boys were still discovered by the Nazis. Vanya Makhin, who had a German officer standing in his parents’ apartment, decided to steal a pack of cigarettes in order to pass it on to the wounded Soviet commander through Aksyon. But something irreparable happened. They grabbed Vanya, began to beat him, unable to withstand the torture, he named several names. On the night of November 7, 1942, the arrested boys were thrown into a car in which meat was transported. It was already frosty. The children were beaten, shoeless, stripped, covered in blood, they were thrown into the back like logs. The Germans sent their parents to dig a hole. “We cried,” recalled Philip Dmitrievich, father of Aksyon and Timon Timonin, “our hearts were torn from grief and the inability to help our sons.” Meanwhile, the boys were divided into groups of five. And one by one they were taken in groups behind the wall, where they were shot. One of the eyewitnesses, a resident of the village M.D. Popov, dedicated the poem “Averin Drama” to the memory of the martyred pioneers. 20

21 Listen, people, a sad story. We once had fascists. Residents were robbed, tortured, beaten. Those bloodsuckers lived in our houses. Where there was a silo pit on the collective farm, a bloody drama broke out during the day. A bloody drama, a terrible drama: the silo has become a grave. The bandits killed ten boys. The poor things were buried in a hole like cats. Ten boys: Ivana, Semyon, Vasenka, Kolya, Emelya, Aksyon. The bandits tied their hands before execution, and the fascists' bullets pierced their hearts. Their mothers wept bitterly. No! Let us not forget the Averin drama. Vitya Gromov “Characteristics of the partisan Viktor Ivanovich Gromov, born in 1930, pioneer, student of a vocational school 1. During the days of hostilities within the Stalingrad region, he was a reconnaissance officer in the N unit defending the city of Stalingrad. He crossed the front line three times, scouted firing points, enemy concentration areas, the location of ammunition depots, and important military installations. Viktor Gromov blows up an ammunition depot. He took a direct part in the battles. He was awarded the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad” and presented for the government award of the medal “For Courage”. Seryozha Aleshkov From the book by A. Aleksin, K. Voronov “The Man with a Red Tie.” The regiment stood near Stalingrad and was preparing to break through the enemy defenses. Soldier Alyoshkov entered the dugout, where the commanders were bending over the map, and reported: “Someone is hiding there in the straw.” 21

22 The commander sent soldiers to the heaps, and soon they brought two German intelligence officers. “Fighter Alyoshkov,” said the commander, “on behalf of the service I express my gratitude to you. - I serve the Soviet Union! - the fighter said.” When Soviet troops crossed the Dnieper, soldier Alyoshkov saw flames shoot up above the dugout where the commander was located. He rushed to the dugout, but the entrance was blocked, and nothing could be done alone. The fighter, under fire, reached the sappers, and only with their help was it possible to extract the wounded commander from under a pile of earth. And Seryozha stood nearby and roared with joy. He was only 7 years old. Soon after this, a medal “For Military Merit” appeared on the chest of the youngest fighter. Lenya Zubkov Lenya Kuzubov, a 12-year-old teenager, ran away to the front on the third day of the war. He participated in the battles near Stalingrad as a scout. He reached Berlin, was wounded three times, signed with a bayonet on the wall of the Reichstag. The young guardsman was awarded the Order of Glory, 3rd degree, and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and 14 medals. Leonid Kuzubov is the author of seven collections of poetry, twice a laureate of USSR literary competitions. Volodya Dubinin The young intelligence officer operated in the Serafimovicheskiy and Kletsky districts. Under the guise of a homeless child, he wandered through farms and stations, everything he saw and heard, he accurately recorded in his memory and reported to the unit commander. Thanks to his data, Soviet artillery suppressed the firing points of the German division, which was rushing to Stalingrad in the summer of 1942. In December of the same year he was awarded the Order of the Red Star. The first months of the war passed. Hitler's troops approached Kerch, a Crimean seaside city. Residents of Kerch were preparing for a stubborn underground struggle. Volodya Dubinin also dreamed of fighting the invaders. His father volunteered for the navy, and Volodya and his mother remained in Kerch. The brave and persistent boy managed to be accepted into the partisan detachment. When the Nazis captured Kerch, the partisans went into underground quarries. An underground partisan fortress arose in the deep depths. From here the people's avengers made bold forays. The Nazis tried to destroy the partisans: they organized a brutal blockade of the quarry, walled it up, mined it, and took custody of the entrances to the dungeon. In these terrible days, the pioneer Volodya Dubinin showed great courage, resourcefulness, and energy. In the difficult conditions of the extraordinary underground siege, this fourteen-year-old boy turned out to be invaluable to the partisans. Volodya organized group 22 from child partisans

23 young pioneer scouts. Through secret passages, the guys climbed to the surface and obtained the information the partisans needed. Finally, there was only one hole left, unnoticed by the enemies - so small that only the dexterous and flexible Volodya could get through it. Volodya helped his comrades out of trouble more than once. One day he discovered that the Nazis had decided to flood the quarries with sea water. The partisans managed to build dams from stone. Another time, Volodya noticed and promptly informed the partisans that the enemies were going to launch a general assault on the quarries. The partisans prepared for the attack and successfully repelled the onslaught of hundreds of fascists. On New Year's Eve 1942, units of the Red Army and Navy drove the Nazis out of Kerch. While helping sappers clear mines, Volodya Dubinin died. The young partisan was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner. Kolya Krasavtsev the Pioneer showed vigilance, detaining a suspicious person who turned out to be a German spy, for which he was awarded the medal “For Courage” by the command. Motya Barsova Pioneer Motya Barsova on x. Lyapichev helped destroy 20 German soldiers who fought their way out of encirclement at Stalingrad. Hungry soldiers threatened her family and forced the housewife to cook; there was no food in the house. Motya, citing the lack of water, ran to the school, to the village council, and raised the people. The house was surrounded, the Nazis were destroyed, and partially captured. Vanya Gureev Organized children in Ilyevka to care for 18 wounded soldiers and commanders. The teenagers then helped the Red Army soldiers get out of the encirclement. Sasha Demidov Pioneer Sasha conducted reconnaissance in Stalingrad and on the outskirts of the city. He went behind enemy lines 38 times and carried out complex command assignments at the risk of his life. The teenager was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and the Red Star, and the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad.” Lyusya Remizova Not far from Stalingrad, the Nazis captured a schoolgirl in November 1942 and forced her to wash clothes and clean the premises where German officers lived. Lyusya managed to steal important documents, escape and deliver them to her friends. For her courageous act, Lyusya Remizova was awarded the medal “For Courage”. 23

24 Chapter 3. Monuments and museums dedicated to the children of the Battle of Stalingrad 3.1. Museum "Children of Tsaritsyn, Stalingrad, Volgograd" On the banks of the Volga in the Regional Station of Children's and Youth Tourism and Excursions the museum "Children of Tsaritsyn-Stalingrad-Volgograd" is located. The museum tells about how the children of our city lived from ancient times to the present day. This is the only museum of its kind. It was created 11 years ago on the enthusiasm of obsessed people - its director Yu. V. Kuleshova and the head of the Children's Fund R. K. Skrynnikova. One of the peculiarities of the museum is that only children work there as tour guides! The children study the history of the city, master the methodology of conducting excursions - and not only around the museum, but also around the city, for example, on the topics: “Mamaev Kurgan”, “At the Source”, “Land Scorched by Fire”. The museum has already been visited by more than 21 thousand people from Volgograd and the region, many cities in Russia, the CIS, and foreign countries. The museum is divided into three halls: “Children of Tsaritsyn”, “Children of Stalingrad”, “Children of Volgograd”. Each hall tells about the life of the children of our city in detail, touching on all the difficulties and joys of the generation, the special features of each period in the history of our city. A strong impression is made by the hall called “Children of War” and its stands with documentary evidence of terrible events. This room tells about children and their terrible childhood. In this room you can see preserved personal belongings of children of that time, documentary photographs, letters. Looking at all these things, you think how childhood and courage could be combined in these children. How would we, the children of the 2000s, behave if we were in their place? Many things are shocking, and one cannot be indifferent to this. Not all of our peers can explore the topic of wartime childhood, but everyone can go to this museum and touch our past. 24

25 3.2. Sculptural composition “Children of Stalingrad” Sculptural composition “Children of Stalingrad” dedicated to all children who died and survived the horrors of the war. To all those whose childhood was stolen, it will be erected in the Komsomol Garden on the initiative of the public (the public organization “Children of Wartime Stalingrad”) and at the expense of benefactors in 2012. The sculpture is based on an image of two children, a nine-ten year old girl and her little five year old brother. The scene at the time of the bombing of Stalingrad. The girl looks up in horror at the flying bombers, the baby clings to his sister, he is scared. Children are standing near a wall destroyed by a previous raid. This wall with a fragment of a window opening is a symbol of Stalingrad barbarically destroyed to the ground. Warm clothes for children symbolize the most important moments of the battles for the city that took place in the winter. The girl is wearing boots that are disproportionate to the child’s feet, and the boy has a hat with earflaps, a symbol of the era, on his head. The children are dressed hastily, and in some places, out of season, since the bombing began, they are in horror trying to hide in order to save their lives. The girl's face, expressing fear, is directed towards the southwest. Historically, the enemy's offensive was conducted from this side. The Battle of Stalingrad surpassed all previous battles in world history in terms of the duration and ferocity of the fighting, the number of people and military equipment involved. But the worst thing is that the children of Stalingrad witnessed these bloody events. Therefore, the main goal of the sculptural composition is to preserve the memory of the civic duty of the small residents of the city. So that there is no war. Never. The project by Georgy Matevosyan with the working title “At gunpoint”. 25

26 3.3 Monument to Sasha Filippov Schools and teams in our city and region, a park in the Voroshilovsky district in which his bust is installed, are named after Sasha. 26

27 Conclusion Indeed, why do we need to know our History like this? Why be proud of our heroes, children whom we simply do not deserve. Who gave us life. It’s better to be proud of the singers and study House-2. Shame on everyone who forgets about the veterans and children of war, of whom there are so few left in our city, the people who gave us this Holy Victory. Victory Day for me is not only a day of grief and tears, but also a day of joy, because we remained alive in that terrible meat grinder, because, despite the enormous inhuman sacrifices, we won that damned war. The Battle of Stalingrad was a turning point in the war. From here began the expulsion of the fascists not only from our country, but also from other countries that were previously conquered by them. Thanks to soldiers of all nationalities, the enemy was destroyed. And all our former republics, including Ukraine, were saved from the fascist yoke. And for this I am grateful to everyone, both dead and living. And to the innocent victims of war. And to the soldiers, wherever they fought for the liberation of our country. And to everyone who honestly worked for VICTORY at the front and in the rear. And to the children of war. They are all Heroes. Eternal GLORY to them! 27

28 Used literature and sources 1. Loktionov I.I. Volga Flotilla in the Great Patriotic War. M., Voronin A.I. Shield and sword of Stalingrad. Volgograd, Chuikov V.I. The beginning of the way. M., Chuikov V.I. Immortal feat. M., Samsonov A.M. Battle of Stalingrad. M., Smirnov E.I. War and military medicine. M., Peshkin I. Two lives of the Stalingrad tractor. M.: Politizdat, Nadezhda Gladysh “Memoirs of the children of wartime Stalingrad”; the authors of the collection are members of the Regional Public Organization “Children of Wartime Stalingrad in the City of Moscow” 9. Lyudmila Ovchinnikova “What the Children of Stalingrad Were Silent About” 10. Viktor Drobotov “Barefoot Garrison” 11. G.I. Pritchin “The Feat of Misha Romanov” 12. A. Aleksin, K. Voronov “The Man with a Red Tie.” sources 1. GAVE EVERYTHING WITHOUT RESIDENCE, memories of people who were children during the war 2. photo 3. caring for orphans in the Stavropol region and the North Caucasus 4. children during the Second World War 5. War and children 6. Uninvented stories about the war. Children at war 7. WHAT THE CHILDREN OF STALINGRAD WERE SILENT ABOUT. - e-book 8. WHAT THE CHILDREN OF STALINGRAD WERE SILENT ABOUT. 28

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PIONEERS - HEROES OF THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD

And when the war ends and we begin to reflect on the reasons for our victory over the enemy of humanity, we will not forget that we had a powerful ally: a multimillion-strong, tightly united army of Soviet children.

Korney Chukovsky, 1942

I was both a pioneer and a soldier,
But the tie was replaced by bandages.
Death roared over our medical battalion
And with a squeal they fell from above.
And I suffered bravely and stubbornly,
He tore off the bandages in a furious delirium.
I sometimes shouted like a child: “MOM!”
This was the case in 1941.
And, as if returning from the other world,
He came to life from an unbearable wound,
And, having drunk the leaden air,
I put on my overcoat bravely.
I was both a pioneer and a soldier,
And he became a Komsomol member only later,
When the Reichstag is under the winged banner
Smoked ashes in the cool wind.

On September 15, 1942, a decree of the Komsomol Central Committee on the work of pioneer organizations in the conditions of the Great Patriotic War was published. The war also brought changes to the work of the Stalingrad Pioneer Organization. All pioneer leaders were appointed. A system of orders, reports and other attributes of paramilitary associations was introduced. The resolution provided for more than just organizational changes. “In all work,” it said, “it is necessary to introduce a military spirit, to ensure the daily education of the pioneers in discipline, stamina, endurance, ingenuity, dexterity, and fearlessness. Each pioneer must set an example in mastering the military training provided for in the school curriculum.” The pioneers had to overcome their lack of adaptation to life and participate in the common labor of workers and peasants and the intelligentsia. This system of work introduced a spirit of romance, contributed to the connection between generations, and fostered heroism in the behavior of the children.

The peculiarities of wartime pioneer organizations were short-term associations: combined squads of evacuated children, posts and units, brigades and teams for special purposes - protection of objects, restorers of destroyed schools and buildings, participants in seasonal field campaigns. These associations, having completed their tasks, ceased to exist. Quickly created maneuverable organizational forms of activity brought significant benefits to the fund of the common victorious cause.

In 1941, the writer Arkady Gaidar, beloved by children, addressed the pioneers: “You say: I hate the enemy, I despise death. All this is true... But your duty is to know military affairs, to always be ready for battle. Without skill, without dexterity, your hot heart will flare up on the battlefield, like a bright signal flare, fired without purpose or meaning, and will immediately go out, showing nothing, wasted.”

The Stalingrad pioneers showed courage and bravery in the fight against the enemy during the Battle of Stalingrad. May the names of young patriots and pioneer heroes not be erased in our memory.

MISHA ROMANOV - (born in the Kotelnikovsky district of the Volgograd region)

The writer G.I. writes about the feat of this pioneer hero. Pritchin. “On a quiet morning on a cold November day, a partisan detachment of Kotelnikovites was surrounded by enemies. A boy of about 13 years old was sitting on the parapet of the trench - it was Misha. He fought with his father. In the detachment he was nicknamed “oak”. The farm where Misha’s family lived was burned by the Nazis. It is unknown what happened to the mother and sister. The third attack is made by the enemy. The partisans are poorly armed, but the Nazis cannot overcome the resistance of the partisans. The commander was killed, many comrades died. Father's machine gun was the last to fall silent. The forces were unequal, the enemies were approaching closely. Misha was left alone. He stood upright on the edge of the trench and began to wait. Seeing the boy, the Germans were dumbfounded with surprise. Misha looked at his dead father for the last time, grabbed a bunch of grenades in both hands and threw them into the crowds of Nazis who surrounded him. There was a deafening explosion, and a second later Misha Romanov, the son of a Don Cossack, a graduate of the Stalingrad Pioneer Organization, was struck down by machine gun fire.”

The name of the pioneer hero Misha Romanov in 1958 was included in Book of Honor of the All-Union Pioneer Organization . The pioneer squad of school No. 4 in Kotelnikovo is named after him.

VANYA TSYGANKOV, MISHA SHESTERENKO, EGOR POKROVSKY (Kalach)

These pioneer guys from Kalach, who during the Battle of Stalingrad conducted reconnaissance behind enemy lines, obtaining extremely important information about the location of fascist units and their firing points. Caused significant damage to the enemy's human and technical forces. They helped free a group of Soviet prisoners of war in a daring act of sabotage. The boy's skill in installing homemade mines helped. The road where the fascist convoys advanced was covered with planks with nails. More than 50 such planks were placed at a distance of 50 m from one another. Thus, the movement stopped. The enemies searched for a long time and then came to the guys. Tortured, they died without bowing their heads. The eldest of them was 15 years old. Let's remember their names!

LUSYA RADINO.

Lyusya ended up in Stalingrad after a long search for her family and friends. 13-year-old Lyusya, a resourceful, inquisitive pioneer from Leningrad, voluntarily became a scout. One day, an officer came to the Stalingrad children's reception center looking for children to work in intelligence. So Lyusya ended up in a combat unit. Their commander was a captain who taught and gave instructions on how to conduct observations, what to note in memory, how to behave in captivity.
In the first half of August 1942, Lyusya, together with Elena Konstantinovna Alekseeva, under the guise of mother and daughter, were for the first time thrown behind enemy lines. Lucy crossed the front line seven times, obtaining more and more information about the enemy. For exemplary performance of command tasks, she was awarded the medals “For Courage” and “For the Defense of Stalingrad.” Lucy was lucky to be alive.

SASHA FILIPOV.

No matter how many years pass, the name of the young partisan reconnaissance Sasha Filippov will be remembered in the hearts of the residents of our city. The large family in which Sasha grew up lived on Dar Mountain. In the detachment he was known as the “schoolboy.” Short, agile, resourceful Sasha walked freely around the city. The tools of a shoemaker served as a disguise for him; he was trained in this craft. Operating in the rear of Paulus's 6th Army, Sasha crossed the front line 12 times. After the death of his son, Sasha’s father told what valuable documents Sasha brought to the military, and obtained information about the location of troops in the city. He blew up the German headquarters by throwing a grenade through its window. On December 23, 1942, Sasha was captured by the Nazis and hanged along with other partisans. Schools and teams in our city and region, as well as a park in the Voroshilovsky district where his bust is installed, are named after Sasha.

BAREFOOT GARRISON.

The feat of the pioneer detachment of the Lyapichevsky seven-year school, which operated illegally in the Don farms, is described in the book by Viktor Drobotov “Barefoot Garrison”. All the boys were in elementary school. There were 17 guys in the pioneer “garrison”. The eldest of them, Aksen Timonin, chairman of the detachment council, was 14 years old, the youngest, Syomka Manzhin, was only 9 years old. The pioneers kept their ties in a secret place, which only the commander of the “garrison” Aksen knew about.
The young commander loved military affairs. He had wooden guns. The boys, secretly from the adults, were engaged in military affairs on loan. They found ammunition there, dragged it to the village and hid it behind the river to help the Red Army soldiers. They were trained in shooting, the target was a portrait of Hitler. When they came to the village, the Nazis were harmed as best they could. Four of them (Aksyon Timosha Timonin, Seryozha Sokolov and Fedya Silkin) knew about the wounded officer hidden in the loan. More than once they made their way to the barns where the Nazis stored parcels. The obtained products were transported to the officer.
To steal the weapon, Maxim Tserkovnikov climbed into the car, throwing machine guns out of it. The Germans noticed him, but Maxim managed to escape. The boys were still discovered by the Nazis. Vanya Makhin, who had a German officer standing in his parents’ apartment, decided to steal a pack of cigarettes in order to pass it on to the wounded Soviet commander through Aksyon. But something irreparable happened. They grabbed Vanya, began to beat him, unable to withstand the torture, he named several names.
On the night of November 7, 1942, the arrested boys were thrown into a car in which meat was transported. It was already frosty. The children were beaten, shoeless, stripped, covered in blood, they were thrown into the back like logs. The Germans sent their parents to dig a hole. “We cried,” recalled Philip Dmitrievich, father of Aksyon and Timon Timonin, “our hearts were torn from grief and the inability to help our sons.” Meanwhile, the boys were divided into groups of five. And one by one they were taken in groups behind the wall, where they were shot. One of the eyewitnesses, a resident of the village M.D. Popov, dedicated the poem “Averin Drama” to the memory of the martyred pioneers.

Listen, people, a sad story. We once had fascists.
Residents were robbed, tortured, beaten. Those bloodsuckers lived in our houses.
Where there was a silo pit on the collective farm, a bloody drama broke out during the day.
A bloody drama, a terrible drama: the silo has become a grave.
The bandits killed ten boys. The poor things were buried in a hole like cats.
Ten boys: Ivan, Semyon, Vasenka, Kolya, Emelya, Aksyon.
The bandits tied their hands before execution, and the fascists' bullets pierced their hearts.
Their mothers wept bitterly. No! Let us not forget the Averin drama.

VITYA GROMOV.

Characteristic
To the partisan Viktor Ivanovich Gromov, born in 1930, pioneer, student of vocational school No. 1.
During the days of hostilities within the Stalingrad region, he was a reconnaissance officer in the N unit that defended the city of Stalingrad. He crossed the front line three times, scouted firing points, enemy concentration areas, the location of ammunition depots, and important military installations. Viktor Gromov blows up an ammunition depot. He took a direct part in the battles. He was awarded the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad” and presented with the government award-medal “For Courage”.

SEREZHA ALYOSHKOV.

From the book by A. Aleksin, K. Voronov “The Man with a Red Tie.”
The regiment stood near Stalingrad and was preparing to break through the enemy defenses. Soldier Aleshkov entered the dugout, where the commanders were bending over the map, and reported:
- There is someone hiding in the straw.
The commander sent soldiers to the heaps, and soon they brought two German intelligence officers. “Fighter Aleshkov,” said the commander, “on behalf of the service I express my gratitude to you. - I serve the Soviet Union! - the fighter said.”
When Soviet troops crossed the Dnieper, soldier Aleshkov saw flames shoot up above the dugout where the commander was located. He rushed to the dugout, but the entrance was blocked, and nothing could be done alone. The fighter, under fire, reached the sappers, and only with their help was it possible to extract the wounded commander from under a pile of earth. And Seryozha stood nearby and... roared with joy. He was only 7 years old... Soon after this, a medal “For Military Merit” appeared on the chest of the youngest fighter.

LENYA KUZUBOV.

Lenya Kuzubov, a 12-year-old teenager, ran away to the front on the third day of the war. He participated in the battles near Stalingrad as a scout. He reached Berlin, was wounded three times, signed with a bayonet on the wall of the Reichstag. The young guardsman was awarded the Order of Glory, 3rd degree, and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and 14 medals. Leonid Kuzubov is the author of seven collections of poetry, twice a laureate of USSR literary competitions.

VOLODYA DUBININ.

The young intelligence officer operated in the Serafimovichesky and Kletsky districts. Under the guise of a homeless child, he wandered through farms and stations, everything he saw and heard, he accurately recorded in his memory and reported to the unit commander. Thanks to his data, Soviet artillery suppressed the firing points of the German division, which was rushing to Stalingrad in the summer of 1942. In December of the same year he was awarded the Order of the Red Star. The first months of the war passed. Hitler's troops approached Kerch, a Crimean seaside city. Residents of Kerch were preparing for a stubborn underground struggle. Volodya Dubinin also dreamed of fighting the invaders. His father volunteered for the navy, and Volodya and his mother remained in Kerch. The brave and persistent boy managed to be accepted into the partisan detachment. When the Nazis captured Kerch, the partisans went into underground quarries. An underground partisan fortress arose in the deep depths. From here the people's avengers made bold forays. The Nazis tried to destroy the partisans: they organized a brutal blockade of the quarry, walled it up, mined it, and took custody of the entrances to the dungeon. In these terrible days, the pioneer Volodya Dubinin showed great courage, resourcefulness, and energy. In the difficult conditions of the extraordinary underground siege, this fourteen-year-old boy turned out to be invaluable to the partisans. Volodya organized a group of young pioneer scouts from partisan children. Through secret passages, the guys climbed to the surface and obtained the information the partisans needed. Finally, there was only one hole left, unnoticed by the enemies - so small that only the dexterous and flexible Volodya could get through it. Volodya helped his comrades out of trouble more than once. One day he discovered that the Nazis had decided to flood the quarries with sea water. The partisans managed to build dams from stone. Another time, Volodya noticed and promptly informed the partisans that the enemies were going to launch a general assault on the quarries. The partisans prepared for the attack and successfully repelled the onslaught of hundreds of fascists. On New Year's Eve 1942, units of the Red Army and Navy drove the Nazis out of Kerch. While helping sappers clear mines, Volodya Dubinin died. The young partisan was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

KOLYA KRASAVTSEV.

The pioneer showed vigilance, detaining a suspicious person who turned out to be a German spy, for which he was awarded the medal “For Courage” by the command.

MOTYA BARSOVA.

Pioneer Motya Barsova na x. Lyapichev helped destroy 20 German soldiers who fought their way out of encirclement at Stalingrad. Hungry soldiers threatened her family and forced the housewife to cook; there was no food in the house. Motya, citing the lack of water, ran to the school, to the village council, and raised the people. The house was surrounded, the Nazis were destroyed, and partially captured.

VANYA GUREYEV.

Organized guys in Ilyovka to care for 18 wounded soldiers and commanders. The teenagers then helped the Red Army soldiers get out of the encirclement.

SASHA DEMIDOV.

The pioneer Sasha conducted reconnaissance in Stalingrad and on the outskirts of the city. He went behind enemy lines 38 times and carried out complex command assignments at the risk of his life. The teenager was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and the Red Star, and the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad.”

LYUSYA REMIZOVA.

Not far from Stalingrad, the Nazis captured a schoolgirl in November 1942 and forced her to wash clothes and clean the premises where German officers lived. Lyusya managed to steal important documents, escape and deliver them to her friends. For her courageous act, Lyusya Remizova was awarded the medal “For Courage”.

The search for new names continues. Perhaps preparations for the 65th anniversary of the victory in the Battle of Stalingrad will stir up interest in the patriotic deeds and actions of pioneers and youth, and will arouse in the current generation of teenagers the need to know the history of the Battle of Stalingrad, about the fates of their peers, participants in the Battle of Stalingrad.

Korney Chukovsky, 1942

The Stalingrad pioneers showed courage and bravery in the fight against the enemy during the Battle of Stalingrad. May the names of young patriots and pioneer heroes not be erased in our memory.

MISHA ROMANOV

Born in the Kotelnikovsky district of the Volgograd region. The writer G.I. writes about the feat of this pioneer hero. Pritchin. “On a quiet morning on a cold November day, a partisan detachment of Kotelnikovites was surrounded by enemies. A boy of about 13 years old was sitting on the parapet of the trench; it was Misha. He fought with his father. In the detachment he was nicknamed “oak”. The farm where Misha’s family lived was burned by the Nazis. It is unknown what happened to the mother and sister. The third attack is made by the enemy. The partisans are poorly armed, but the Nazis cannot overcome the resistance of the partisans. The commander was killed, many comrades died. Father's machine gun was the last to fall silent. The forces were unequal, the enemies were approaching closely. Misha was left alone. He stood upright on the edge of the trench and began to wait. Seeing the boy, the Germans were dumbfounded with surprise. Misha looked at his dead father for the last time, grabbed a bunch of grenades in both hands and threw them into the crowds of Nazis who surrounded him. There was a deafening explosion, and a second later Misha Romanov, the son of a Don Cossack, a graduate of the Stalingrad Pioneer Organization, was struck down by machine gun fire.” The name of the pioneer hero Misha Romanov was included in the Book of Honor of the All-Union Pioneer Organization in 1958. The pioneer squad of school No. 4 in Kotelnikovo is named after him.

VANYA TSYGANKOV, MISHA SHESTERENKO, EGOR POKROVSKY (Kalach)

These pioneer guys from Kalach, who during the Battle of Stalingrad conducted reconnaissance behind enemy lines, obtaining extremely important information about the location of fascist units and their firing points. Caused significant damage to the enemy's human and technical forces. They helped free a group of Soviet prisoners of war in a daring act of sabotage. The boy's skill in installing homemade mines helped. The road where the fascist convoys advanced was covered with planks with nails. More than 50 such planks were placed at a distance of 50 m from one another. Thus, the movement stopped. The enemies searched for a long time and then came to the guys. Tortured, they died without bowing their heads. The eldest of them was 15 years old. Let's remember their names!

LUSYA RADINO.

Lyusya ended up in Stalingrad after a long search for her family and friends. 13-year-old Lyusya, a resourceful, inquisitive pioneer from Leningrad, voluntarily became a scout. One day, an officer came to the Stalingrad children's reception center looking for children to work in intelligence. So Lyusya ended up in a combat unit. Their commander was a captain who taught and gave instructions on how to conduct observations, what to note in memory, how to behave in captivity. In the first half of August 1942, Lyusya, together with Elena Konstantinovna Alekseeva, under the guise of mother and daughter, were for the first time thrown behind enemy lines. Lucy crossed the front line seven times, obtaining more and more information about the enemy. For exemplary performance of command tasks, she was awarded the medals “For Courage” and “For the Defense of Stalingrad.” Lucy was lucky to be alive.

SASHA FILIPOV.

No matter how many years pass, the name of the young partisan reconnaissance Sasha Filippov will be remembered in the hearts of the residents of our city. The large family in which Sasha grew up lived on Dar Mountain. In the detachment he was known as the “schoolboy.” Short, agile, resourceful Sasha walked freely around the city. The tools of a shoemaker served as a disguise for him; he was trained in this craft. Operating in the rear of Paulus's 6th Army, Sasha crossed the front line 12 times. After the death of his son, Sasha’s father told what valuable documents Sasha brought to the military, and obtained information about the location of troops in the city. He blew up the German headquarters by throwing a grenade through its window. On December 23, 1942, Sasha was captured by the Nazis and hanged along with other partisans. Schools and teams in our city and region, as well as a park in the Voroshilovsky district where his bust is installed, are named after Sasha.

BAREFOOT GARRISON.

The feat of the pioneer detachment of the Lyapichevsky seven-year school, which operated illegally in the Don farms, is described in the book by Viktor Drobotov “Barefoot Garrison”. All the boys were in elementary school. There were 17 guys in the pioneer “garrison”. The eldest of them, Aksen Timonin, chairman of the detachment council, was 14 years old, the youngest, Syomka Manzhin, was only 9 years old. The pioneers kept their ties in a secret place, which only the commander of the “garrison” Aksen knew about. The young commander loved military affairs. He had wooden guns. The boys, secretly from the adults, were engaged in military affairs on loan. They found ammunition there, dragged it to the village and hid it behind the river to help the Red Army soldiers. They were trained in shooting, the target was a portrait of Hitler. When they came to the village, the Nazis were harmed as best they could. Four of them (Aksyon Timosha Timonin, Seryozha Sokolov and Fedya Silkin) knew about the wounded officer hidden in the loan. More than once they made their way to the barns where the Nazis stored parcels. The obtained products were transported to the officer. To steal the weapon, Maxim Tserkovnikov climbed into the car, throwing machine guns out of it. The Germans noticed him, but Maxim managed to escape. The boys were still discovered by the Nazis. Vanya Makhin, who had a German officer standing in his parents’ apartment, decided to steal a pack of cigarettes in order to pass it on to the wounded Soviet commander through Aksyon. But something irreparable happened. They grabbed Vanya, began to beat him, unable to withstand the torture, he named several names. On the night of November 7, 1942, the arrested boys were thrown into a car in which meat was transported. It was already frosty. The children were beaten, shoeless, stripped, covered in blood, they were thrown into the back like logs. The Germans sent their parents to dig a hole. “We cried,” recalled Philip Dmitrievich, father of Aksyon and Timon Timonin, “our hearts were torn from grief and the inability to help our sons.” Meanwhile, the boys were divided into groups of five. And one by one they were taken in groups behind the wall, where they were shot. One of the eyewitnesses, a resident of the village M.D. Popov, dedicated the poem “Averin Drama” to the memory of the martyred pioneers. Listen, people, a sad story. We once had fascists. Residents were robbed, tortured, beaten. Those bloodsuckers lived in our houses. Where there was a silo pit on the collective farm, a bloody drama broke out during the day. A bloody drama, a terrible drama: the silo has become a grave. The bandits killed ten boys. The poor things were buried in a hole like cats. Ten boys: Ivan, Semyon, Vasenka, Kolya, Emelya, Aksyon. The bandits tied their hands before execution, and the fascists' bullets pierced their hearts. Their mothers wept bitterly. No! Let us not forget the Averin drama.

VITYA GROMOV.

Characteristics of the partisan Viktor Ivanovich Gromov, born in 1930, pioneer, student of vocational school No. 1. During the days of hostilities within the Stalingrad region, he was a reconnaissance officer in the N unit that defended the city of Stalingrad. He crossed the front line three times, scouted firing points, enemy concentration areas, the location of ammunition depots, and important military installations. Viktor Gromov blows up an ammunition depot. He took a direct part in the battles. He was awarded the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad” and nominated for the government award-medal “For Courage”.

SEREZHA ALYOSHKOV.

From the book by A. Aleksin, K. Voronov “The Man with a Red Tie.” The regiment stood near Stalingrad and was preparing to break through the enemy defenses. Soldier Aleshkov entered the dugout, where the commanders were bending over the map, and reported: “There, in the straw, someone is hiding.” The commander sent soldiers to the heaps, and soon they brought two German intelligence officers. “Fighter Aleshkov,” said the commander, “on behalf of the service I express my gratitude to you. - I serve the Soviet Union! - the fighter said.” When Soviet troops crossed the Dnieper, soldier Aleshkov saw flames shoot up above the dugout where the commander was located. He rushed to the dugout, but the entrance was blocked, and nothing could be done alone. The fighter, under fire, reached the sappers, and only with their help was it possible to extract the wounded commander from under a pile of earth. And Seryozha stood nearby and... roared with joy. He was only 7 years old... Soon after this, a medal “For Military Merit” appeared on the chest of the youngest fighter.

LENYA KUZUBOV.

Lenya Kuzubov, a 12-year-old teenager, ran away to the front on the third day of the war. He participated in the battles near Stalingrad as a scout. He reached Berlin, was wounded three times, signed with a bayonet on the wall of the Reichstag. The young guardsman was awarded the Order of Glory, 3rd degree, and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and 14 medals. Leonid Kuzubov is the author of seven collections of poetry, twice a laureate of USSR literary competitions.

VOLODYA DUBININ.

The young intelligence officer operated in the Serafimovichesky and Kletsky districts. Under the guise of a homeless child, he wandered through farms and stations, everything he saw and heard, he accurately recorded in his memory and reported to the unit commander. Thanks to his data, Soviet artillery suppressed the firing points of the German division, which was rushing to Stalingrad in the summer of 1942. In December of the same year he was awarded the Order of the Red Star. The first months of the war passed. Hitler's troops approached Kerch, a Crimean seaside city. Residents of Kerch were preparing for a stubborn underground struggle. Volodya Dubinin also dreamed of fighting the invaders. His father volunteered for the navy, and Volodya and his mother remained in Kerch. The brave and persistent boy managed to be accepted into the partisan detachment. When the Nazis captured Kerch, the partisans went into underground quarries. An underground partisan fortress arose in the deep depths. From here the people's avengers made bold forays. The Nazis tried to destroy the partisans: they organized a brutal blockade of the quarry, walled it up, mined it, and took custody of the entrances to the dungeon. In these terrible days, the pioneer Volodya Dubinin showed great courage, resourcefulness, and energy. In the difficult conditions of the extraordinary underground siege, this fourteen-year-old boy turned out to be invaluable to the partisans. Volodya organized a group of young pioneer scouts from partisan children. Through secret passages, the guys climbed to the surface and obtained the information the partisans needed. Finally, there was only one hole left, unnoticed by the enemies - so small that only the dexterous and flexible Volodya could get through it. Volodya helped his comrades out of trouble more than once. One day he discovered that the Nazis had decided to flood the quarries with sea water. The partisans managed to build dams from stone. Another time, Volodya noticed and promptly informed the partisans that the enemies were going to launch a general assault on the quarries. The partisans prepared for the attack and successfully repelled the onslaught of hundreds of fascists. On New Year's Eve 1942, units of the Red Army and Navy drove the Nazis out of Kerch. While helping sappers clear mines, Volodya Dubinin died. The young partisan was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

KOLYA KRASAVTSEV.

The pioneer showed vigilance, detaining a suspicious person who turned out to be a German spy, for which he was awarded the medal “For Courage” by the command.

MOTYA BARSOVA.

Pioneer Motya Barsova na x. Lyapichev helped destroy 20 German soldiers who fought their way out of encirclement at Stalingrad. Hungry soldiers threatened her family and forced the housewife to cook; there was no food in the house. Motya, citing the lack of water, ran to the school, to the village council, and raised the people. The house was surrounded, the Nazis were destroyed, and partially captured.

VANYA GUREYEV.

Organized guys in Ilyovka to care for 18 wounded soldiers and commanders. The teenagers then helped the Red Army soldiers get out of the encirclement.

SASHA DEMIDOV.

The pioneer Sasha conducted reconnaissance in Stalingrad and on the outskirts of the city. He went behind enemy lines 38 times and carried out complex command assignments at the risk of his life. The teenager was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and the Red Star, and the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad.”

LYUSYA REMIZOVA.

Not far from Stalingrad, the Nazis captured a schoolgirl in November 1942 and forced her to wash clothes and clean the premises where German officers lived. Lyusya managed to steal important documents, escape and deliver them to her friends. For her courageous act, Lyusya Remizova was awarded the medal “For Courage”. The search for new names continues. Perhaps preparations for the 65th anniversary of the victory in the Battle of Stalingrad will stir up interest in the patriotic deeds and actions of pioneers and youth, and will arouse in the current generation of teenagers the need to know the history of the Battle of Stalingrad, about the fates of their peers, participants in the Battle of Stalingrad. Among the participants in the Battle of Stalingrad were children who went to school such as: Lenya Kuzubov, Kolya Bukin, Valery Etkin, Alexey Pikalov, Alexey Vodnev, Alexander Kochetov and others.

Sasha Kochetov

The war found thirteen-year-old Sasha in his native village of Konshino, on the border of the Kursk and Belgorod regions. In June 1941, his father and six brothers went to the front. The enemy was approaching his native village, the situation was becoming more and more alarming. Retreating Red Army soldiers appeared in the area, and then the wounded. In the summer of 1941, Sasha had to transport the wounded from Prokhorovka 100 kilometers to the hospital in Stary Oskol several times. In August 1941, in Stary Oskol, he learned on the radio that our troops had abandoned Prokhorovka, Korocha, and Skorodnoye. He had nowhere to return, and Sasha, without hesitation, stuck to the military unit. He was enrolled as the son of the regiment and placed on allowance. Then it was time to leave Stary Oskol. We went by train towards Kastornaya, but this settlement was bombed by fascist planes. And from Kastornaya station Sasha and the Red Army soldiers marched on foot to Ostrogozhsk and Voronezh. Then his front-line fate turned out to be such that he ended up at Stalingrad. Alexander Kochetov ended up in the 64th Army, becoming the son of a regiment of the 38th (later 73rd) Infantry Division. On the road to Stalingrad we had to cross frozen rivers and through enemy air raids. While crossing the Volga, Kochetov, who could not swim, swam in the icy water. He was saved by Vladimir Budykovsky, a sailor from the rescue service of the Volga military flotilla. In the first days of his stay at Stalingrad, Sasha was slightly wounded, but for fear of falling behind his unit, he hid it. On November 18, 1942, sappers received the task of clearing the minefield and preparing it for the offensive of our troops. At night we began our usual routine. However, an enemy plane flew in, illuminated the area with missiles and opened machine-gun fire. Half of the sappers were killed, many were wounded. Sasha was wounded in the arm and stomach. Wounded a second time and having (fortunately, temporarily) lost his speech, Sasha lay in the cold all night. In the morning he was found by orderlies. The boy was frozen in ice red with blood. To free his left hand, which was frozen into the frozen ground and filled with shrapnel, the orderlies had to cut out a piece of his overcoat. Sasha was taken to the Volga, to a dugout, where he was given first aid. Here, in the front-line hospital, he had a meeting with his brother Grigory (two years later Grigory would die from his wounds in the hospital). Here Sasha learned that his father, Dmitry Yakovlevich Kochetov, died at Stalingrad. After being wounded, Sasha was written off and sent home. But his home, like the entire village, was destroyed during enemy bombing. He also learned nothing about the fate of his relatives. And Sasha firmly decided to return to the division. He caught up with her in the city of Volchansk, near Kharkov, and asked the division commander for permission to continue serving. For his participation in the battles near Stalingrad, Alexander Kochetov was awarded the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad,” which saved his life during the Battle of Kursk: a German soldier’s bayonet could not pierce the honorary award. With our troops, Sasha Kochetov went a long way to Victory - through Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia. Five brothers and Alexander's father died in the war. The blood of eleven men from the Kochetov family was shed on Stalingrad soil. That’s why the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad” was so dear to Alexander Dmitrievich. He died in 2008.

Alyosha Vodnev

Alyosha Vodnev graduated from the 4th grade of school No. 10 in the city of Shchigry when the Great Patriotic War began. At the end of July 1941, his father, serviceman Dmitry Vasilyevich Vodnev, went to the front with the division being formed in Shchigra. Alyosha decided to follow his father, but at Otreshkovo station, 20 kilometers from home, the fugitive was taken off the train and sent home. At the end of October 1941, Alyosha met with scouts from the 5th Airborne Brigade, commanded by Colonel Alexander Rodimtsev. The scouts asked him how to get to Semyonovka. Alexey showed them the way and helped them scout out the situation in the village. The scouts took a “tongue” from the village - an SS tankman. From his testimony it became clear that the Nazi tank column was rushing through Tim, Gorshechnoye, Kastornaya to capture Voronezh. After completing this task, the boy asked the soldiers to take him with them, because his father was at the front, and he was left alone (he was lying a little). In Tima, the 5th and 6th Airborne Brigades merged and the 87th Infantry Division was formed. The commander of this division was Colonel Alexander Rodimtsev. By order of the division, Alexei Vodnev was enlisted as the son of the regiment and awarded the rank of corporal. In December 1941, Rodimtsev's division took part in the counteroffensive. Near the village of Kryukovo, Cheremisinovsky district, the offensive of our troops was suspended. The Nazis settled in huts on the outskirts of the village, firing machine guns. Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence Alexander Bagurkin sent Vodnev to reconnaissance. While performing this task, Alexei was captured by the Nazis and brought to the hut. There were drunken German soldiers sitting at the table, who, out of boredom, began to push the boy from corner to corner and kick him. Exhausted, he was thrown into a cold barn. Alexei was saved by the advance of our infantry. He got out of the barn, returned to the unit and reported what he saw. This was Corporal Vodnev's baptism of fire. Alyosha fell in love with the division commander Alexander Rodimtsev and became attached to him. And Alexander Ilyich treated him like a father. One day the boy confessed to him that he wanted to become an officer, for which he received the go-ahead. Over time, Vodnev studied the mortar and gained military experience. It happened that I replaced the gunner and fired at the enemy. To make it convenient, I had to place a box of shells under my feet. On May 18, 1942, battery commander Vorobiev ordered Alyosha to go to the rear to change his military uniform. The boy's fellow soldiers spared him; things were calmer in the rear. In the same lorry in which Alexei was traveling, the wounded were sent to the rear. Suddenly, German planes appeared in the sky. The driver died and the car stalled. Vodnev ran to our tanks to report that there were people left in it. A driver was sent to help, and the wounded were rescued. For this feat, Alyosha Vodnev received his first medal "For Courage". In the Battle of Stalingrad, Alexey Vodnev participated in the legendary 13th Guards Rifle Division (formerly 87th Rifle Division) under the command of Alexander Rodimtsev. Alexey Vodnev had to go through a lot: he burned in a tank, was wounded, shell-shocked, and buried his comrades. After the war, his dream of becoming an officer came true. He graduated from the military-political school in Lvov and studied at the Rostov Higher Party School. Later he graduated in absentia from the history department of the Kursk Pedagogical Institute. In addition to Alexei Vodnev, there were 15 more regiment graduates in the 13th Guards Rifle Division. Alexey Dmitrievich sacredly preserved the memory of his commander, twice Hero of the Soviet Union Alexander Rodimtsev, whom he considered his second father. When he was in Moscow, the first thing he did was visit his grave at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Antonina Shemyakova

I was both a pioneer and a soldier, But a tie replaced my bandages. Death roared over our medical battalion and fell with a squeal from above. And I suffered bravely and stubbornly, I tore off the bandages in furious delirium. I sometimes shouted like a child: “MOM!” This was the case in 1941. And, as if returning from the other world, I came to life from an unbearable wound, And, having drunk the leaden air, I bravely put on my overcoat. I was both a pioneer and a soldier, And I became a Komsomol member only later, When the Reichstag under the winged banner Smoked dust in the cool wind.

MISHA ROMANOV On a quiet morning on a cold November day, a partisan detachment of Kotelnikovites was surrounded by enemies. A boy about 13 years old was sitting on the parapet of the trench - it was Misha. He fought with his father. In the detachment he was nicknamed “oak”. The farm where Misha’s family lived was burned by the Nazis. It is unknown what happened to the mother and sister. The third attack is launched by the enemy. The partisans are poorly armed, but the Nazis cannot overcome the resistance of the partisans. The commander was killed, many comrades died. Father's machine gun was the last to fall silent. The forces were unequal, the enemies were approaching closely. Misha was left alone. He stood upright on the edge of the trench and began to wait. Seeing the boy, the Germans were dumbfounded with surprise. Misha looked at his dead father for the last time, grabbed a bunch of grenades in both hands and threw them into the crowds of Nazis who surrounded him. There was a deafening explosion, and a second later Misha Romanov, the son of a Don Cossack, a graduate of the Stalingrad Pioneer Organization, was struck down by machine gun fire.”

LUSYA RADINO. Lyusya ended up in Stalingrad after a long search for her family and friends. 13-year-old Lyusya, a resourceful, inquisitive pioneer from Leningrad, voluntarily became a scout. One day, an officer came to the Stalingrad children's reception center looking for children to work in intelligence. So Lyusya ended up in a combat unit. Their commander was a captain who taught and gave instructions on how to conduct observations, what to note in memory, how to behave in captivity. In the first half of August 1942, Lyusya, together with Elena Konstantinovna Alekseeva, under the guise of mother and daughter, were for the first time thrown behind enemy lines. Lucy crossed the front line seven times, obtaining more and more information about the enemy. For exemplary performance of command tasks, she was awarded the medals “For Courage” and “For the Defense of Stalingrad.” Lucy was lucky to be alive.

SASHA FILIPOV No matter how many years pass, the name of the young partisan intelligence officer Sasha Filippov will be remembered in the hearts of the residents of our city. The large family in which Sasha grew up lived on Dar Mountain. In the detachment he was known as the “schoolboy.” Short, agile, resourceful Sasha walked freely around the city. The tools of a shoemaker served as a disguise for him; he was trained in this craft. Operating in the rear of Paulus's 6th Army, Sasha crossed the front line 12 times. After the death of his son, Sasha’s father told what valuable documents Sasha brought to the military, and obtained information about the location of troops in the city. He blew up the German headquarters by throwing a grenade through its window. On December 23, 1942, Sasha was captured by the Nazis and hanged along with other partisans. Schools and teams in our city and region, as well as a park in the Voroshilovsky district where his bust is installed, are named after Sasha.

SEREZHA ALYOSHKOV. The regiment stood near Stalingrad and was preparing to break through the enemy defenses. Soldier Aleshkov entered the dugout, where the commanders were bending over the map, and reported: “There, in the straw, someone is hiding.” The commander sent soldiers to the heaps, and soon they brought two German intelligence officers. “Fighter Aleshkov,” said the commander, “on behalf of the service I express my gratitude to you. - I serve the Soviet Union! - the fighter said.” When Soviet troops crossed the Dnieper, soldier Aleshkov saw flames shoot up above the dugout where the commander was located. He rushed to the dugout, but the entrance was blocked, and nothing could be done alone. The fighter, under fire, reached the sappers, and only with their help was it possible to extract the wounded commander from under a pile of earth. And Seryozha stood nearby and... roared with joy. He was only 7 years old... Soon after this, a medal “For Military Merit” appeared on the chest of the youngest fighter.

And when the war ends and we begin to reflect on the reasons for our victory over the enemy of humanity, we will not forget that we had a powerful ally: a multimillion-strong, tightly united army of Soviet children.

Korney Chukovsky, 1942

I was both a pioneer and a soldier,
But the tie was replaced by bandages.
Death roared over our medical battalion
And with a squeal they fell from above.
And I suffered bravely and stubbornly,
He tore off the bandages in a furious delirium.
I sometimes shouted like a child: “MOM!”
This was the case in 1941.
And, as if returning from the other world,
He came to life from an unbearable wound,
And, having drunk the leaden air,
I put on my overcoat bravely.
I was both a pioneer and a soldier,
And he became a Komsomol member only later,
When the Reichstag is under the winged banner
Smoked ashes in the cool wind.

On September 15, 1942, a decree of the Komsomol Central Committee on the work of pioneer organizations in the conditions of the Great Patriotic War was published. The war also brought changes to the work of the Stalingrad Pioneer Organization. All pioneer leaders were appointed. A system of orders, reports and other attributes of paramilitary associations was introduced. The resolution provided for more than just organizational changes. “In all work,” it said, “it is necessary to introduce a military spirit, to ensure the daily education of the pioneers in discipline, perseverance, endurance, ingenuity, dexterity, and fearlessness. Each pioneer must set an example in mastering the military training provided for in the school curriculum.” The pioneers had to overcome their lack of adaptation to life and participate in the common labor of workers and peasants and the intelligentsia. This system of work introduced a spirit of romance, contributed to the connection between generations, and fostered heroism in the behavior of the children.

The peculiarities of wartime pioneer organizations were short-term associations: combined squads of evacuated children, posts and units, brigades and teams for the purpose of protecting objects, rebuilding destroyed schools and buildings, participants in seasonal field campaigns. These associations, having completed their tasks, ceased to exist. Quickly created maneuverable organizational forms of activity brought significant benefits to the fund of the common victorious cause.

In 1941, the writer Arkady Gaidar, beloved by children, addressed the pioneers: “You say: I hate the enemy, I despise death. All this is true... But your duty is to know military affairs, to always be ready for battle. Without skill, without dexterity, your hot heart will flare up on the battlefield, like a bright signal flare, fired without purpose or meaning, and will immediately go out, showing nothing, wasted.”

The Stalingrad pioneers showed courage and bravery in the fight against the enemy during the Battle of Stalingrad. May the names of young patriots and pioneer heroes not be erased in our memory.

MISHA ROMANOV- (born in the Kotelnikovsky district of the Volgograd region)

The writer G.I. writes about the feat of this pioneer hero. Pritchin. “On a quiet morning on a cold November day, a partisan detachment of Kotelnikovites was surrounded by enemies. A boy of about 13 years old was sitting on the parapet of the trench - it was Misha. He fought with his father. In the detachment he was nicknamed “oak”. The farm where Misha’s family lived was burned by the Nazis. It is unknown what happened to the mother and sister. The third attack is made by the enemy. The partisans are poorly armed, but the Nazis cannot overcome the resistance of the partisans. The commander was killed, many comrades died. Father's machine gun was the last to fall silent. The forces were unequal, the enemies were approaching closely. Misha was left alone. He stood upright on the edge of the trench and began to wait. Seeing the boy, the Germans were dumbfounded with surprise. Misha looked at his dead father for the last time, grabbed a bunch of grenades in both hands and threw them into the crowds of Nazis who surrounded him. There was a deafening explosion, and a second later Misha Romanov, the son of a Don Cossack, a graduate of the Stalingrad Pioneer Organization, was struck down by machine gun fire.”

The name of the pioneer hero Misha Romanov was included in the Book of Honor of the All-Union Pioneer Organization in 1958. The pioneer squad of school No. 4 in Kotelnikovo is named after him.

VANYA TSYGANKOV, MISHA SHESTERENKO, EGOR POKROVSKY(Kalach)

These pioneer guys from Kalach, who during the Battle of Stalingrad conducted reconnaissance behind enemy lines, obtaining extremely important information about the location of fascist units and their firing points. Caused significant damage to the enemy's human and technical forces. They helped free a group of Soviet prisoners of war in a daring act of sabotage. The boy's skill in installing homemade mines helped. The road where the fascist convoys advanced was covered with planks with nails. More than 50 such planks were placed at a distance of 50 m from one another. Thus, the movement stopped. The enemies searched for a long time and then came to the guys. Tortured, they died without bowing their heads. The eldest of them was 15 years old. Let's remember their names!

LUSYA RADINO.

Lyusya ended up in Stalingrad after a long search for her family and friends. 13-year-old Lyusya, a resourceful, inquisitive pioneer from Leningrad, voluntarily became a scout. One day, an officer came to the Stalingrad children's reception center looking for children to work in intelligence. So Lyusya ended up in a combat unit. Their commander was a captain who taught and gave instructions on how to conduct observations, what to note in memory, how to behave in captivity.
In the first half of August 1942, Lyusya, together with Elena Konstantinovna Alekseeva, under the guise of mother and daughter, were for the first time thrown behind enemy lines. Lucy crossed the front line seven times, obtaining more and more information about the enemy. For exemplary performance of command tasks, she was awarded the medals “For Courage” and “For the Defense of Stalingrad.” Lucy was lucky to be alive.

SASHA FILIPOV.

No matter how many years pass, the name of the young partisan reconnaissance Sasha Filippov will be remembered in the hearts of the residents of our city. The large family in which Sasha grew up lived on Dar Mountain. In the detachment he was known as the “schoolboy.” Short, agile, resourceful Sasha walked freely around the city. The tools of a shoemaker served as a disguise for him; he was trained in this craft. Operating in the rear of Paulus's 6th Army, Sasha crossed the front line 12 times. After the death of his son, Sasha’s father told what valuable documents Sasha brought to the military, and obtained information about the location of troops in the city. He blew up the German headquarters by throwing a grenade through its window. On December 23, 1942, Sasha was captured by the Nazis and hanged along with other partisans. Schools and teams in our city and region, as well as a park in the Voroshilovsky district where his bust is installed, are named after Sasha.

BAREFOOT GARRISON.

The feat of the pioneer detachment of the Lyapichevsky seven-year school, which operated illegally in the Don farms, is described in the book by Viktor Drobotov “Barefoot Garrison”. All the boys were in elementary school. There were 17 guys in the pioneer “garrison”. The eldest of them, Aksen Timonin, chairman of the detachment council, was 14 years old, the youngest, Syomka Manzhin, was only 9 years old. The pioneers kept their ties in a secret place, which only the commander of the “garrison” Aksen knew about.
The young commander loved military affairs. He had wooden guns. The boys, secretly from the adults, were engaged in military affairs on loan. They found ammunition there, dragged it to the village and hid it behind the river to help the Red Army soldiers. They were trained in shooting, the target was a portrait of Hitler. When they came to the village, the Nazis were harmed as best they could. Four of them (Aksyon Timosha Timonin, Seryozha Sokolov and Fedya Silkin) knew about the wounded officer hidden in the loan. More than once they made their way to the barns where the Nazis stored parcels. The obtained products were transported to the officer.
To steal the weapon, Maxim Tserkovnikov climbed into the car, throwing machine guns out of it. The Germans noticed him, but Maxim managed to escape. The boys were still discovered by the Nazis. Vanya Makhin, who had a German officer standing in his parents’ apartment, decided to steal a pack of cigarettes in order to pass it on to the wounded Soviet commander through Aksyon. But something irreparable happened. They grabbed Vanya, began to beat him, unable to withstand the torture, he named several names.
On the night of November 7, 1942, the arrested boys were thrown into a car in which meat was transported. It was already frosty. The children were beaten, shoeless, stripped, covered in blood, they were thrown into the back like logs. The Germans sent their parents to dig a hole. “We cried,” recalled Philip Dmitrievich, the father of Aksyon and Timon Timonin, “our hearts were torn from grief and the inability to help our sons.” Meanwhile, the boys were divided into groups of five. And one by one they were taken in groups behind the wall, where they were shot. One of the eyewitnesses, a resident of the village M.D. Popov, dedicated the poem “Averin Drama” to the memory of the martyred pioneers.

Listen, people, a sad story. We once had fascists.
Residents were robbed, tortured, beaten. Those bloodsuckers lived in our houses.
Where there was a silo pit on the collective farm, a bloody drama broke out during the day.
A bloody drama, a terrible drama: the silo has become a grave.
The bandits killed ten boys. The poor things were buried in a hole like cats.
Ten boys: Ivan, Semyon, Vasenka, Kolya, Emelya, Aksyon.
The bandits tied their hands before execution, and the fascists' bullets pierced their hearts.
Their mothers wept bitterly. No! Let us not forget the Averin drama.

VITYA GROMOV.

Characteristic
To the partisan Viktor Ivanovich Gromov, born in 1930, pioneer, student of vocational school No. 1.
During the days of hostilities within the Stalingrad region, he was a reconnaissance officer in the N unit that defended the city of Stalingrad. He crossed the front line three times, scouted firing points, enemy concentration areas, the location of ammunition depots, and important military installations. Viktor Gromov blows up an ammunition depot. He took a direct part in the battles. He was awarded the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad” and nominated for the government award-medal “For Courage”.

SEREZHA ALYOSHKOV.

From the book by A. Aleksin, K. Voronov “The Man with a Red Tie.”
The regiment stood near Stalingrad and was preparing to break through the enemy defenses. Soldier Aleshkov entered the dugout, where the commanders were bending over the map, and reported:
“Someone is hiding there in the straw.”
The commander sent soldiers to the heaps, and soon they brought two German intelligence officers. “Fighter Aleshkov,” said the commander, “on behalf of the service I express my gratitude to you. - I serve the Soviet Union! - the fighter said.
When Soviet troops crossed the Dnieper, soldier Aleshkov saw flames shoot up above the dugout where the commander was located. He rushed to the dugout, but the entrance was blocked, and nothing could be done alone. The fighter, under fire, reached the sappers, and only with their help was it possible to extract the wounded commander from under a pile of earth. And Seryozha stood nearby and... roared with joy. He was only 7 years old... Soon after this, a medal “For Military Merit” appeared on the chest of the youngest fighter.

LENYA KUZUBOV.

Lenya Kuzubov, a 12-year-old teenager, ran away to the front on the third day of the war. He participated in the battles near Stalingrad as a scout. He reached Berlin, was wounded three times, signed with a bayonet on the wall of the Reichstag. The young guardsman was awarded the Order of Glory, 3rd degree, and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, and 14 medals. Leonid Kuzubov is the author of seven collections of poetry, twice a laureate of USSR literary competitions.

VOLODYA DUBININ.

The young intelligence officer operated in the Serafimovichesky and Kletsky districts. Under the guise of a homeless child, he wandered through farms and stations, everything he saw and heard, he accurately recorded in his memory and reported to the unit commander. Thanks to his data, Soviet artillery suppressed the firing points of the German division, which was rushing to Stalingrad in the summer of 1942. In December of the same year he was awarded the Order of the Red Star. The first months of the war passed. Hitler's troops were approaching Kerch, a Crimean seaside city. Residents of Kerch were preparing for a stubborn underground struggle. Volodya Dubinin also dreamed of fighting the invaders. His father volunteered for the navy, and Volodya and his mother remained in Kerch. The brave and persistent boy managed to be accepted into the partisan detachment. When the Nazis captured Kerch, the partisans went into underground quarries. An underground partisan fortress arose in the deep depths. From here the people's avengers made bold forays. The Nazis tried to destroy the partisans: they organized a brutal blockade of the quarry, walled it up, mined it, and took custody of the entrances to the dungeon. In these terrible days, the pioneer Volodya Dubinin showed great courage, resourcefulness, and energy. In the difficult conditions of the extraordinary underground siege, this fourteen-year-old boy turned out to be invaluable to the partisans. Volodya organized a group of young pioneer scouts from partisan children. Through secret passages, the guys climbed to the surface and obtained the information the partisans needed. Finally, there was only one hole left, unnoticed by the enemies - so small that only the dexterous and flexible Volodya could get through it. Volodya helped his comrades out of trouble more than once. One day he discovered that the Nazis had decided to flood the quarries with sea water. The partisans managed to build dams from stone. Another time, Volodya noticed and promptly informed the partisans that the enemies were going to launch a general assault on the quarries. The partisans prepared for the attack and successfully repelled the onslaught of hundreds of fascists. On New Year's Eve 1942, units of the Red Army and Navy drove the Nazis out of Kerch. While helping sappers clear mines, Volodya Dubinin died. The young partisan was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

KOLYA KRASAVTSEV.

The pioneer showed vigilance, detaining a suspicious person who turned out to be a German spy, for which he was awarded the medal “For Courage” by the command.

MOTYA BARSOVA.

Pioneer Motya Barsova na x. Lyapichev helped destroy 20 German soldiers who fought their way out of encirclement at Stalingrad. Hungry soldiers threatened her family and forced the housewife to cook; there was no food in the house. Motya, citing the lack of water, ran to the school, to the village council, and raised the people. The house was surrounded, the Nazis were destroyed, and partially captured.

VANYA GUREYEV.

Organized guys in Ilyovka to care for 18 wounded soldiers and commanders. The teenagers then helped the Red Army soldiers get out of the encirclement.

SASHA DEMIDOV.

The pioneer Sasha conducted reconnaissance in Stalingrad and on the outskirts of the city. He went behind enemy lines 38 times and carried out complex command assignments at the risk of his life. The teenager was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and the Red Star, and the medal “For the Defense of Stalingrad.”