In fiction, authors often use the technique of antithesis. It consists in opposing characters as carriers of certain ideas and life philosophies. Most often, a writer or poet in this way denotes his own worldview, unobtrusively hinting to the reader about his sympathy for this or that character.
Antagonists and protagonists
Modern writers most often adhere to the generally accepted format, according to which each positive hero (protagonist) has a mirror negative reflection in the face of the antagonist. Such a simplification makes the work more accessible to the understanding of the general reader, but the schematization also has a significant flaw: people who are completely bad or pleasant in all respects are extremely rare in life, and if you look closely, then never. Much more difficult, and therefore more interesting, is the situation in the novel by I. A. Goncharov. Comparison of Oblomov and Stolz at first glance leads to an unambiguous rejection of useless contemplative laziness, but as the images are revealed, it makes the reader think more and more about the fates and personal qualities of the two characters. And it turns out that everything is not so simple.
Stolz as a representative of progressive capitalism
As is clear from the surname, Andryusha Stolz was born in the family of a Russified German. Pointing to this, Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov expresses the generally accepted opinion (which, by the way, continues to this day) that foreigners, moreover from Europe, play the role of bearers of technical, philosophical and other progress in our country.
Previously, in Russia, everyone, regardless of nationality, who came from the West was called German. But it is clear that Andrei's ancestors come from Germanic lands. Almost nothing is known about his mother, except that she is a Russian noblewoman. From childhood, the life of the boys is different. Oblomov and Stolz are brought up differently. The German father seeks to raise a worthy replacement for himself. He wants his son to be like him. This is a normal desire of almost all fathers, there is nothing surprising in that. He inspires that success is achieved by work. This important (known, by the way, not only to the Germans) makes you show strictness and exactingness. The father not only loves his son, he teaches him everything he knows and can do himself. This is commendable, such a parent could serve as a universal example, but the whole point is that there are subjects for the comprehension of which textbooks are not written. And now two antipodes meet, Oblomov and Stolz. Comparison of an active German and a lazy Russian is a favorite topic for jokes, and in both countries. We like to be ironic about our own stupidity, and in Germany they are happy to focus on positive features
Oblomov
Comparison of Stolz and Oblomov will not be objective if you do not take into account the peculiarities of the children's upbringing of two boys. If Andryusha's father constantly kept in suspense and taught everything he could, then Ilyusha, on the contrary, spent his youth in blissful relaxation. This fact alone deals a serious blow to the theory of special German efficiency, so respected by our "Westerners" of all eras. It is possible that the genetic nature would have taken over, but it is highly likely that, having received such an upbringing, Andrey would have grown up a loafer. The desire for activity is developed in problematic conditions, this is known to every psychologist. Therefore, a wise educator, even in the conditions of a cloudless childhood, creates "educational" conflict situations in order to develop a strong character among the representatives of the younger generation. If everything is fine anyway, then efforts will be useless, and the will will atrophy. Nevertheless, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov also has good character traits. He is kind and wise in his own way, vanity and pride are alien to him, he has a very clear understanding of his place in life, that is, correct self-esteem.
Friendship
There are many strange things in our life. An illustration of this idea in Goncharov's novel is the friendship between Stolz and Oblomov. Antipodes are attracted both in physical phenomena and in life circumstances. Each of the heroes of the story is looking for something in his comrade that he himself lacks. Ilya Ilyich implicitly would like to resemble Andrei Ivanovich in some ways, although not in everything. Yes, and Stolz likes the romantic sentimentality (by the way, one of the national German traits) of his comrade. A realist who is afraid to dream and thinks directly and concretely often lacks the imagination to achieve true success. In addition, having succeeded in business, having achieved a high social status, another person catches himself thinking that he has not found happiness. But it is in it the meaning of life for everyone. Is Oblomov happy? A comparison of Stolz and Oblomov suggests that each of the characters has big life problems, which they themselves sometimes do not even think about.
Behavior algorithms
A person is known when he has serious problems. Oblomov and Stolz react completely differently to changes in life circumstances. A comparison of the behavioral manner of the two comrades makes it possible to assess the degree of paternal care shown by the German Ivan (Johann?) towards his son during his upbringing. In adolescence, the young man received a lot of useful knowledge about the world around him. But, for all their systematic nature, they were rather a set of options for actions, chosen from an arsenal, just like a housekeeper finds the right key in a bunch. In the age of the events described, perhaps this approach justified itself, because Stoltz managed to become a successful businessman and succeed. In addition, the nature of the relationship that Oblomov and Stolz were connected with is also interesting. Their friendship from childhood was built on the recognition of the supremacy of Andrei.
As for Oblomov, the algorithm of his behavior was reduced to minimizing anxiety and unrest. He didn't want to teach anyone, but he didn't want to learn anything either. Being an educated person, he doubted the usefulness of the knowledge he received, rightly believing that with his way of life they were of no use to him.
Women and heroes
Lying on the couch, it is difficult to be successful with the ladies. This statement is hardly subject to doubt, but fate gave a chance to Ilya Ilyich, whose favorite pastime was precisely this occupation. Olga Ilyinskaya, young and beautiful, despite the many absurdities of Oblomov's behavior (and maybe thanks to them, who will understand the female soul?) Fell in love with the unlucky hero. Andrey Ivanovich also liked the young charmer, who at first did not attach importance to this rivalry, but, having felt its reality, was able to turn the situation in his favor. Comparison of Oblomov and Stolz in the context of human decency will not be in favor of the latter, but in love, as in war, all means are good. So, at least, think the Europeans, especially the French. Ivan Ilyich's indecisiveness, as usual, worked against him. Oblomov found his happiness with another woman, probably more suitable for him, Agafya Pshenitsyna, albeit not as bright as Olga, but calm and caring.
difference and similarity
There is a strong opinion that, in the person of Oblomov, I. A. Goncharov stigmatizes laziness, inertia and inertia of the Russian nobility with a shameful brand. If we follow this logic, then the image of Stolz personifies the progressive aspirations of the nascent domestic capital (after all, in the end, he, in spite of himself, was also a Russian person). It seems, however, that Goncharov wanted to say something more with his novel, and he succeeded. Not so antipodes were Oblomov and Ilya Ilyich's "secular pastime" very caustic and well-aimed. He does not want to sit at the card table, talk about trifles, be interested in what everyone is. He is prone to a contemplative attitude towards the world around him and is by no means stupid. The similarity between Oblomov and Stolz lies in the desire of both to sleep. Only the dream of the first of them is quite specific, physical, and the second is moral. At the same time, Ilya Ilyich realizes the destructiveness of his vice, tells his friend about it, recognizing his own impotence in the fight against laziness. Andrei Ivanovich is not capable of self-criticism.
Where should Oblomov go?
And what is the most different Oblomov and Stolz? The comparison seems obvious. One lies all the time, the other is in constant motion. Oblomov does not even want to hear about the claims of creditors, he wants to write some kind of plan for the reconstruction of his own estate, which is falling into decay, but every time he falls asleep without starting this lesson. Stolz is constantly on the road, mainly abroad. He invites his friend there too, hoping that the atmosphere of distant countries will awaken in him vital activity. Ilya Ilyich is in no hurry to go somewhere, he is not bad in his native country, especially at a time when something begins to change in his personal life. By the way, both friends are no longer young, they are over thirty (for example, Tolstoy's "old man" Karenin was less than 50 years old). Maybe it was right that Oblomov did not want to fuss in his old age ...
Who is more useful?
If we consider Goncharov's novel as a conceptual work, then it can really be reduced to the opposition of such types as Oblomov and Stolz. Comparing them in the political-economic sense will reveal the clear superiority of an active and enterprising beginning over a passive-contemplative life position. One is always in labor, making good, imitating the "yellow man" who gets up at six and exhausts himself with hygienic gymnastics. The second lies and languidly talks about philosophical problems, not caring about the future. Stoltz is more useful for society. But can everyone become like him? And is it necessary?
About freedom
Having once again re-read the immortal novel by I. A. Goncharov and assessing it from the standpoint of a liberal idea that is fashionable in some sections of modern society, one can come to the paradoxical conclusion that it is Oblomov who, to a greater extent, is the spokesman for “free values”. The “Westerner” Stolz and the “yellow man” respected by him work to strengthen the economy of their native country, but Oblomov lives on his own, without interfering with anyone, not wanting to take care of the collective good. Well, he was not born a fighter, what can you do ... He does not like it when he is bothered, even if this is done out of friendly motives. This is a matter of individual freedom, and everyone lives as he wants.
He dies young, judging by the text of the novel, before reaching the age of forty. I. I. Oblomov was killed, obviously, by an unhealthy lifestyle, deliberately chosen by him after parting with Olga. This is also a personal choice, although humanly it is a pity.
| Oblomov | Stolz | |
| origin | from a wealthy noble family with patriarchal traditions. his parents, like grandfathers, did nothing: serfs worked for them | from a poor family: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman |
| upbringing | his parents accustomed him to idleness and peace (they did not allow him to pick up a dropped thing, dress, pour water for himself), labor in the block was a punishment, it was believed that it was stigmatized with slavery. there was a cult of food in the family, and after eating, a sound sleep | his father gave him the upbringing that he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early, and sent his son, who had graduated from the university, away from him. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, strictness and accuracy |
| pledged program | Vegetation and sleep-passive onset | energy and vigorous activity - an active beginning |
| characteristic | kind, lazy most of all worries about their own peace. For him, happiness is complete peace and good food. he spends his life on the couch wearing a comfortable bathrobe. does nothing, is not interested in anything. He loves to withdraw into himself and live in the world of dreams and dreams he created. The amazing childlike purity of his soul and introspection, worthy of a philosopher, is the embodiment of gentleness and meekness. | strong and intelligent, he is in constant activity and does not shun the most menial work. thanks to his hard work, willpower, patience and enterprise, he became a rich and famous person. formed a real "iron" character. but in some way he resembles a machine, a robot, so clearly programmed, verified and calculated his whole life before us is a rather dry rationalist |
| love test | he needs love, not equal in rights, but maternal (such as Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him) | he needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya) |
- Olga Sergeevna Ilyinskaya Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna Character traits Captivating, delightful, promising, good-natured, cordial and unfeigned, special, innocent, proud. Good-natured, open, trusting, sweet and restrained, caring, thrifty, neat, independent, constant, stands her ground. Appearance Tall, bright face, delicate thin neck, gray-blue eyes, fluffy eyebrows, long braid, small compressed lips. gray-eyed; nice face; well-fed; […]
- Despite the significant volume of the work, there are relatively few characters in the novel. This allows Goncharov to give detailed characteristics of each of them, to draw up detailed psychological portraits. The female characters in the novel were no exception. In addition to psychologism, the author widely uses the method of oppositions and the system of antipodes. Such couples can be called "Oblomov and Stolz" and "Olga Ilyinskaya and Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna." The last two images are complete opposites of each other, […]
- Andrei Stolz is Oblomov's closest friend, they grew up together and carried their friendship through life. It remains a mystery how such dissimilar people with such different outlooks on life could maintain a deep attachment. Initially, the image of Stolz was conceived as the complete antipode of Oblomov. The author wanted to combine German prudence and the breadth of the Russian soul, but this plan was not destined to come true. As the novel developed, Goncharov became more and more clearly aware that in the given conditions such a […]
- The remarkable Russian prose writer of the second half of the 19th century, Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov, in his novel Oblomov, reflected the difficult time of transition from one era of Russian life to another. Feudal relations, the estate type of economy were replaced by a bourgeois way of life. The centuries-old views of people on life collapsed. The fate of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov can be called an “ordinary story”, typical of landowners who lived serenely at the expense of the labor of serfs. The environment and upbringing made them weak-willed, apathetic people, […]
- The image of Oblomov in Russian literature closes a number of "superfluous" people. An inactive contemplative, incapable of active action, at first glance really seems incapable of a great and bright feeling, but is it really so? In the life of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov there is no place for global and cardinal changes. Olga Ilyinskaya, an extraordinary and beautiful woman, a strong and strong-willed nature, undoubtedly attracts the attention of men. For Ilya Ilyich, an indecisive and timid person, Olga becomes the object of […]
- The novel by I.A. Goncharov is full of different opposites. The reception of antithesis, on which the novel is built, helps to better understand the character of the characters, the author's intention. Oblomov and Stolz are two completely different personalities, but, as they say, opposites converge. They are connected by childhood and school, which can be found in the chapter “Oblomov's Dream”. From it it becomes clear that everyone loved little Ilya, caressed, did not allow him to do anything himself, although at first he was eager to do everything himself, but then […]
- In the novel "Oblomov" the skill of Goncharov the prose writer manifested itself with full force. Gorky, who called Goncharov "one of the giants of Russian literature", noted his special, plastic language. Goncharov's poetic language, his talent for imaginative reproduction of life, the art of creating typical characters, compositional completeness and the enormous artistic power of the picture of Oblomovism presented in the novel and the image of Ilya Ilyich - all this contributed to the fact that the novel "Oblomov" took its rightful place among the masterpieces […]
- In I. A. Goncharov’s novel Oblomov, one of the main techniques for revealing images is the antithesis technique. With the help of opposition, the image of the Russian master Ilya Ilyich Oblomov and the image of the practical German Andrey Stolz are compared. Thus, Goncharov shows what are the similarities and what are the differences between these heroes of the novel. Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a typical representative of the Russian nobility of the 19th century. His social position can be briefly described as follows: “Oblomov, a nobleman by birth, collegiate secretary […]
- There is a type of book where the reader is carried away by the story not from the first pages, but gradually. I think Oblomov is just such a book. Reading the first part of the novel, I was inexpressibly bored and did not even imagine that this laziness of Oblomov would lead him to some kind of sublime feeling. Gradually, boredom began to leave, and the novel captured me, I read it with interest. I have always liked books about love, but Goncharov gave it an interpretation unknown to me. It seemed to me that boredom, monotony, laziness, […]
- Introduction. Some people find Goncharov's novel Oblomov boring. Yes, indeed, the entire first part of Oblomov lies on the couch, receiving guests, but here we get to know the hero. In general, there are few intriguing actions and events in the novel that are so interesting to the reader. But Oblomov is “our people's type”, and it is he who is a bright representative of the Russian people. Therefore, the novel interested me. In the main character, I saw a particle of myself. Do not think that Oblomov is a representative of only Goncharov's time. And now live […]
- Oblomov's personality is far from ordinary, although other characters treat him with slight disrespect. For some reason, they read it almost flawed compared to them. This was precisely the task of Olga Ilyinskaya - to wake up Oblomov, to force him to prove himself as an active person. The girl believed that love would move him to great accomplishments. But she was deeply mistaken. It is impossible to awaken in a person what he does not have. Because of this misunderstanding, people's hearts were broken, heroes suffered, and […]
- By the middle of the XIX century. under the influence of the realistic school of Pushkin and Gogol, a new remarkable generation of Russian writers grew up and formed. Already in the 1940s, the brilliant critic Belinsky noted the emergence of a whole group of talented young authors: Turgenev, Ostrovsky, Nekrasov, Herzen, Dostoevsky, Grigorovich, Ogaryov, and others. Among these promising writers was Goncharov, the future author of Oblomov, the first novel which "Ordinary History" was highly appreciated by Belinsky. LIFE AND CREATIVITY I. […]
- Raskolnikov Luzhin Age 23 About 45 Occupation Former student, dropped out due to inability to pay Successful lawyer, court counselor. Appearance Very handsome, dark blond hair, dark eyes, slender and thin, taller than average. He dressed extremely badly, the author points out that another person would even be ashamed to go out in such a dress. Not young, dignified and stiff. On the face is constantly an expression of obnoxiousness. Dark sideburns, curled hair. The face is fresh and […]
- Nastya Mitrasha Nickname Golden Hen Man in a pouch Age 12 years 10 years Appearance A beautiful girl with golden hair, her face is covered with freckles, and only one clean nose. The boy is short in stature, of a dense build, has a large forehead and a wide nape. His face is freckled and his clean little nose looks up. Character Kind, reasonable, overcame greed in herself Bold, savvy, kind, courageous and strong-willed, stubborn, hardworking, […]
- Luzhin Svidrigailov Age 45 About 50 Appearance He is no longer young. A prim and dignified man. Obese, which is reflected on the face. He wears curled hair and sideburns, which, however, does not make him funny. The whole appearance is very youthful, does not look his age. Partly also because all the clothes are exclusively in light colors. He likes good things - a hat, gloves. A nobleman, previously served in the cavalry, has connections. Occupation A very successful lawyer, court […]
- Olesya Ivan Timofeevich Social status A simple girl. Urban intellectual. "Barin", as Manuilikha and Olesya call him, "panych" calls Yarmila. Lifestyle, occupations She lives with her grandmother in the forest and is satisfied with her life. Does not recognize hunting. She loves animals and takes care of them. A city dweller who, by the will of fate, ended up in a remote village. Tries to write stories. In the village I hoped to find many legends, stories, but I got bored very quickly. The only entertainment was […]
- Name of the hero How he got "to the bottom" Features of speech, characteristic remarks What Bubnov dreams of In the past, he owned a dyeing workshop. Circumstances forced him to leave in order to survive, while his wife took up with the master. He claims that a person cannot change his fate, therefore he goes with the flow, sinking to the bottom. Often shows cruelty, skepticism, lack of good qualities. "All people on earth are superfluous." It is difficult to say that Bubnov is dreaming of something, given […]
- Bazarov E. V. Kirsanov P. P. Appearance A tall young man with long hair. Clothes are poor and unkempt. Pays no attention to his own appearance. Handsome middle aged man. Aristocratic, "thoroughbred" appearance. Carefully looks after himself, dresses fashionably and expensively. Origin The father is a military doctor, a poor simple family. Nobleman, son of a general. In his youth, he led a noisy metropolitan life, built a military career. Education Very educated person. […]
- Troyekurov Dubrovsky Quality of characters Negative hero Main positive hero Character Spoiled, selfish, dissolute. Noble, generous, determined. Has a hot temper. A person who knows how to love not for money, but for the beauty of the soul. Occupation Rich nobleman, spends his time in gluttony, drunkenness, leads a dissolute life. Humiliation of the weak brings him great pleasure. He has a good education, served as a cornet in the guard. After […]
- Character Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov Napoleon Bonaparte The appearance of the hero, his portrait "... simplicity, kindness, truth ...". This is a living, deeply feeling and experiencing person, the image of a “father”, an “elder”, who understands and has seen life. The satirical image of the portrait: “fat thighs of short legs”, “a fat short figure”, unnecessary movements that are accompanied by fuss. Hero's speech Simple speech, with unambiguous words and a confidential tone, respectful attitude towards the interlocutor, […]
Comparative characteristics of I. I. Oblomov and Stolz
Oblomov Ilya Ilyich - the main character of the novel "Oblomov". Landowner, nobleman living in St. Petersburg. Leads a lazy life. Doesn't do anything, just dreams and "decomposes" lying on the couch. A bright representative of Oblomovism.
Stolz Andrei Ivanovich is a childhood friend of Oblomov. Half German, practical and active. The antipode of I. I. Oblomov.
Let's compare the heroes according to the following criteria:
Memories of childhood (including memories of parents).
I. I. Oblomov. From early childhood, everything was done for him: “The nanny is waiting for his awakening. She pulls on his stockings; he is not given, he is naughty, dangles his legs; the nanny catches him." “... She washes him, combs his head and leads him to his mother. Since childhood, he also bathed in parental affection and care: “Mother showered him with passionate kisses ...” The nanny was everywhere, for days on end, like a shadow following him, constant guardianship did not end for a second: “... all the days and nights of the nanny were filled with turmoil, running around: either by trying, or by living joy for the child, or by fear that he will fall and hurt his nose ... ”.
Stolz. His childhood passes in a useful but tedious study: “From the age of eight he sat with his father behind a geographical map ... and with his mother he read sacred history, taught Krylov’s fables ...” His mother was constantly worried about her son: “... she would have kept him near her.” But his father was completely indifferent and cold-blooded to his son, and often "put his hand": "... and kicked him from behind so that he knocked him down."
Attitude towards study and work.
Oblomov. He went to school without much interest and desire, hardly sat in the classroom, to overcome any book for Oblomov was a great success and joy. “Why all these notebooks ... of paper, time and ink? Why educational books? ... When to live? Instantly cold to one or another kind of activity, be it study, books, hobbies. The same attitude was to work: “... you study, you read that the time of disaster is about to come, an unhappy person; here you gather your strength, work, homogenize, endure terribly and work, everything is preparing clear days.
Stolz. He studied and worked from childhood - the main concern and task of his father. Teaching and books fascinated Stoltz throughout his life. Labor is the essence of human existence. "He served, retired, went about his business and actually made a home and money."
Attitude to mental activity.
Oblomov. Despite the lack of love for study and work, Oblomov was far from being a stupid person. Some thoughts, pictures were constantly spinning in his naked, he constantly made plans, but for completely incomprehensible reasons, all this was put off in a debt box. “When he gets out of bed in the morning, after tea he immediately lies on the sofa, props his head with his hand and thinks it over, sparing no effort, until, finally, his head gets tired ..”
Stolz. Realist to the core. A skeptic in life and in thought. “He was afraid of any dream, or, if he entered its area, then he entered, as they enter a grotto with an inscription ... knowing the hour or minute when you leave from there.”
Choice of life goals and ways to achieve them. (Including lifestyle.)
Oblomov. Life is monotonous, devoid of colors, every day is similar to the previous one. His problems and worries are breathtakingly funny and ridiculous, even funnier he solves them by turning from side to side. The author justifies Oblomov with all his might, saying that he has a lot of ideas and goals in his head, but none of them materialize.
Stolz. Skepticism and realism are everywhere. “He walked firmly, cheerfully; lived on a budget, trying to spend every day, like every ruble. “And he himself went stubbornly along the chosen path.”
The great Russian writer, Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov, published his second novel Oblomov in 1859. It was a very difficult time for Russia. The society was divided into two parts: the first, and the minority - those who understood the need to abolish serfdom, those who were not satisfied with the life of ordinary people in Russia; the second, the majority, were landowners, “masters,” wealthy people whose life consisted of idle pastime, that is, those who lived off the peasants who belonged to them. In the novel, the author tells us about the life of the landowner Oblomov, about his friends.
So, the main character of the novel is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. But the author pays a lot of attention to Oblomov's best friend, Stolz. Both heroes live at the same time, and it would seem that they should be similar, but is it?
Oblomov appears before us as a man “... about thirty-two or three years old, of medium height, good-looking, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glimmered all over his face.” Stolz is the same age as Oblomov, “thin , he has almost no cheeks at all, ... his complexion is even, swarthy and no blush; eyes, although a little greenish, but expressive. Oblomov's parents were Russian nobles, they owned several hundred souls of serfs. Stolz was half German by his father, his mother was a Russian noblewoman. Faith, Andrei Ivanovich, professed Orthodox, spoke Russian.
Oblomov and Stolz have known each other since childhood, they studied at a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhlev. Stolz's father was a manager there. “Maybe Ilyusha would have had time to learn something well from him if Oblomovka was five hundred miles from Verkhlev ... The charm of the Oblomov atmosphere, lifestyle and habits extended to Verkhlev; ... there, except for Stolz’s house, everything primitive laziness, simplicity of morals, silence and immobility. But Ivan Bogdanovich raised his son strictly: “From the age of eight, he sat with his father behind a geographical map, disassembled Herder, Wieland, biblical verses according to the warehouses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, bourgeois and factory workers, and read sacred history with his mother, taught Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemachus. As for physical education, Oblomov was not even allowed out into the street, and Stolz “having come off the pointer, he ran to destroy bird nests with the boys”, sometimes, it happened, disappearing from home for a day. Oblomov from childhood was surrounded by the tender care of his parents and nanny, and Stoltz was brought up in an atmosphere of constant mental and physical labor.
But both Oblomov and Stolz are already over thirty, what are they now? Ilya Ilyich turned into a lazy gentleman, whose life is spent lying on the couch: “Ilya Ilyich’s lying down was neither a necessity, like a sick person or a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like someone who is tired, nor pleasure, like lazy man: that was his normal state.” Stoltz, on the other hand, cannot imagine life without movement: “He is constantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; you need to write some project or adapt a new idea to the case - choose it. Meanwhile, he travels to the world and reads: when he has time - God knows.
Comparing Oblomov and Stolz, we see that they are very different, but what unites them? Yes, no doubt, friendship, but what else? It seems to me that they are united by an eternal and deep sleep. Oblomov sleeps on his sofa, and Stolz sleeps in his stormy and eventful life. “Life: life is good!” Oblomov says, “What is there to look for? interests of the mind, heart? Just look where is the center around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are the dead, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society! ... Don't they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with triples and jacks? I fully agree with Oblomov and believe that people who live without a specific, lofty goal are simply sleeping in pursuit of satisfying their desires.
But who is more needed by Russia, Oblomov or Stolz? Of course, such progressive people as Stolz are simply necessary, especially at the beginning of the third millennium. But the Oblomovs will never die, there is a part of Oblomov in each of us, we are all a little Oblomov in our souls. It seems to me that the problem of the "sleeping man", raised in the nineteenth century by Goncharov, is still relevant today. Lenin’s words are known that even after three revolutions, “the old Oblomov remained and it takes a long time to wash, clean, ruffle and tear him so that some sense comes out.”
Annex 1
Oblomov
Volkov
Sudbinsky
Penkin
Stolz
Olga
Non-essential connections
Significant connections
Preview:
Annex 2
Worksheet #1
Criterion | Oblomov | Stolz |
|
Appearance (when presented to the reader) | "... thirty-two years old- three years old, of medium height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness flickered all over his face " | the same age as Oblomov, "thin, he has almost no cheeks at all, ... his complexion is even, swarthy and no blush; although his eyes slightly greenish, but expressive" |
|
Origin | from a wealthy noble family with patriarchal traditions. His parents, like grandfathers, did nothing: serfs worked for them | a native of the bourgeois class (his father left Germany, wandered around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of the estate). Sh. brilliantly graduates from the university, serves with success, retires to do his own thing; makes a house and money. He is a member of a trading company that sends goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, throughout Russia. Sh.'s image is built on the basis of the idea of balance, the harmonic correspondence of the physical and spiritual, mind and feelings, suffering and pleasure. Sh.'s ideal is measure and harmony in work, life, rest, love.(or .. from a poor family: the father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, the mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman |
|
Upbringing | Parents wanted to give Ilyusha all the blessings “somehow cheaper, with various tricks.” Parents taught him to idleness and peace (they didn’t let him pick up a dropped thing, dress, pour water for himself) the stigma of slavery. in the family there was a cult of food, and after eating - a sound sleep | his father gave him the upbringing that he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early, and sent his son, who had graduated from the university, away from him. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, rigor and accuracy |
|
Oblomov not even released into the street. "What about the servants?" Soon, Ilya himself realized that ordering was calmer and more convenient. A dexterous, mobile child is constantly stopped by parents and a nanny for fear that the boy will “fall, hurt himself” or catch a cold, he was cherished like a hothouse flower. "Seeking manifestations of power turned inward and drooped, withering." | “torn off from the pointer, he ran to ruin bird nests with boys, |
||
Education | studied in a small boarding school, located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhlev. Both graduated from Moscow University | ||
From the age of eight, he sat with his father at a geographical map, sorted out the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, burghers and factory workers, and read sacred history with his mother, taught Krylov's fables and disassembled the warehouses of Telemachus |
|||
Pledged program | Dream. Vegetation and sleep - a passive beginning found consolation in his favorite "conciliatory and soothing" words "maybe", "maybe" and "somehow" and protected himself from misfortunes with them. He was ready to shift the case to anyone, not caring about its outcome and the decency of the chosen person (this is how he trusted the scammers who robbed his estate) | Stolz was afraid to dream, his happiness was in constancy, energy and vigorous activity were an active beginning. |
|
Activity | "Ilya Ilich's lying down was neither a necessity, like a sick person or a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like a lazy person: this was his normal state" | "He is constantly on the move: the society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England - they send him; you need to write some project or adapt a new idea to the case - they choose him. Meanwhile, he travels to the world and reads" |
|
Outlook on life | “Life: a good life!”, - says Oblomov, - “What is there to look for? the interests of the mind, the heart? Look, where is the center around which all this revolves: there is none, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society! ... Don't they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than they are, lying at home and not infecting my head with triples and jacks? " | Stolz learns life, asks her: "What to do? Where to go next?" And it goes! Without Oblomov... |
|
kind, lazy most of all worries about their own peace. For him, happiness is complete peace and good food. he spends his life on the couch wearing a comfortable bathrobe. does nothing, is not interested in anything, loves to withdraw into himself and live in the world of dreams and dreams he created, the amazing childish purity of his soul and introspection, worthy of a philosopher, the embodiment of gentleness and meekness | strong and intelligent, he is in constant activity and does not shun the most menial work. Thanks to his hard work, willpower, patience and enterprise, he became a rich and famous person. formed a real "iron" character. But somehow he resembles a car, a robot, a dryish rationalist |
||
love test | “Life is poetry. It is free for people to distort it! I was afraid that I was not worthy of love. He needs love not equal, but maternal (such as Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him) | he needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya). I am glad that I met her abroad, I am glad that she listens to him and does not even notice that sometimes she does not understand Olga's sadness |
|
"Two faces" Oblomov | |||
Honesty, conscientiousness, kindness, meekness, striving for ideals, daydreaming, "heart of gold" | Infantilism, lack of will, inability to act, apathy, slowness, "Russian laziness" |
Preview:
Annex 3 | ||||||
Worksheet #2 | ||||||
criteria | upbringing | the purpose of life | activities | attitude to a woman | family life | vital position |
Oblomov. | "I'm a gentleman, and I can't do anything." Oblomovka is the ideal of life. Love and kindness of relatives. | "the poetic ideal of life;" the goal was "all life is thought and labor"; Now: "What is my goal? There is none." There is no high goal. | Drawing up a plan for the reorganization of the estate; "volcanic work of an ardent head"; "not used to traffic." | "was not their slave, worshiped from afar"; "recognized her power and rights"; woman mother and never-mistress. | wife, children, kind sit down, chores around the house - this is in dreams; "he has nowhere else to go, nothing to look for, the ideal of his life has come true, although without poetry" - life with Pshenitsyna. | "... the soul is not torn, the mind sleeps peacefully." |
Stolz. | "labor, practical education"; "no one to bless"; opportunity Determine your own path in life. | "work is the purpose of life"; Stolz's life Oblomov's point of view: "daily empty shuffle days." There is no high goal. | "He has no extra movements was"; "I went to sit on Oblomov's wide sofa and take away and calm an anxious or tired soul ..." empty fuss, in the end - "as if he lived a second time." | "Life and labor itself is the goal of life, and not a woman"; "he doesn't ho- bodies of impetuous passion, as Oblomov did not want it"; "he dreamed of a mother-creator"; "he was not a slave, he did not experience fiery joys." | "there is silence, impulses subsided"; "everything as dreamed and Oblomov." | We are not titans... we won't go to daring fight with rebellious questions, let us not accept their challenge, bow our heads and Let's humbly go through this difficult time." |
Conclusion. | Antipode. | Double. | Double in pain Shei degree. | Double. | Double. | Double. |
Answer to problem question. | "Stolz at a high stage of his active life turned out to be the same Oblomov ..." (Ya.I. Kuleshov.) |
Preview:
Summary of the lesson-research
"Oblomov and Stolz (based on the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov")"
(2 hours)
Goals:
1. Educational:check and evaluate the completion of homework; analyze the image of Oblomov; analyze the image of Stolz; select criteria for comparing characters; draw conclusions and formulate them in a short written work.
2. Developing: develop the skill of working with a literary text; develop the skill of analyzing the character of a work of art; improve the skill of pair and independent work; improve the logical and creative thinking of students; create a psychologically comfortable environment in the classroom.
3. Educational:continue to instill a sense of respect for Russian literature of the 19th century; to cultivate a careful attitude to the creative heritage of Russian literature; educate the ability to listen and hear each other.
Work form: lesson-research, conversation, analysis of a literary text.
Teaching methods:heuristic, explanatory and illustrative.
Lesson type: combined.
Literary concepts:main character, character, portrait, speech, interior, comparative characteristics.
Interdisciplinary connections:history, music.
Equipment: portrait of I.A. Goncharov, illustrations for the novel "Oblomov", projector, screen, handout, presentation in MS.ppt format.
During the classes:
1. Greeting. Goal setting.
Teacher's word: Our today's lesson will be devoted to two characters in the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" is Ilya Ilyich himself and his childhood friend Andrei Stoltz. Let's think together and decide what we have to explore during today's lesson. After all, it is declared as a lesson-research.
Student responses:We must analyze the images of Oblomov and Stolz, select criteria for their comparison, and draw a conclusion.
Teacher's word: Well done! In addition, at the end of our lesson, we will write down the resulting conclusions and try to supplement them on our own as part of a small independent work.
2. Motivation.
Teacher's word: One of the components of the characteristics of a literary hero is his relationship with other characters, which helps in many ways to understand this hero. We have already dealt with the characterization of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov in previous lessons, casually touching on the image of another character - Andrei Stolz. To continue work on compiling Oblomov's characterization, we must correlate the names of the characters in the novel with the philosophical concepts of "relationship", "essential connections", "insignificant connections". ( Annex 1. ) To do this, first recall what these concepts mean.
Student responses:Relationship - the mutual connection of objects, phenomena, etc. with each other, their dependence on each other.
Significant ties are those ties that are most significant in a relationship between someone or something.
Non-essential connections are those connections that do not play any role in revealing the character's character.
Teacher's word: Next, you will need to determine what connections between the characters in the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov", will be significant, and which are not. We draw a diagram in our notebooks. Work is a pair. When answering, you will need to justify your opinion.
(Students work with the scheme, as a result they come to the conclusion that among the characters presented, only Olga and Andrey have a significant connection with Oblomov, since it was Ilyinskaya and Stolz who could change Oblomov's lifestyle.)
Teacher's word: Do you think Oblomov himself is ready to change his life? Prove it with text.
Students response: Yes, since there is a quote in the text: "Give me your will and mind and lead me wherever you want. Maybe I will follow you ..."
Teacher's word: In the lesson, we must analyze the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz. Let's formulate the problematic questions of the lesson.
Student responses : 1) Why didn't Andrey Stoltz manage to change Ilya Oblomov's lifestyle?
2) Is Andrey Stolz an antipode or a double of Ilya Oblomov?
If students formulate only the first (problem) question, the teacher helps with the formulation of the second question: this research question is more specific and helps to answer the problematic question of the lesson. Students write down the topic and questions of the lesson in their notebooks.
3. Learning new material. Study. Group work.
Teacher's word: To answer the question "Is Andrey Stoltz the antipode or double of Ilya Oblomov?" we need to formulate the criteria by which we will compare or contrast the characters, and give the meaning of the words "antipode" and "double". Let's start with the definition of terms. (Implementation of homework.)
Students' word: Antipode - (Greek antipodes - turned feet to feet). 1. only pl. Inhabitants of two opposite points of the earth, two opposite ends of one of the diameters of the globe (geographic). 2. someone or something. A person of opposite properties, tastes or beliefs (book). He is the perfect antipode of him, or he is the perfect antipode of him.
A double is a person who has a complete resemblance to another (both about a man and a woman).
Teacher's word: OK, thank you. Now let's turn to the criteria by which the writer characterizes Stolz and Oblomov, which you were able to highlight while reading the text.
Student responses:Appearance (when they appeared before the reader), origin, upbringing, education, programmed program, outlook on life, characteristics of the author, testing by love.
Teacher's word: It is by these criteria that we will characterize and compare the characters. Plus, I propose to add one more criterion to the table - "Two faces of Oblomov."
4. Work in groups (3 groups).
In accordance with these criteria for comparing heroes, students are given a task for research:
1) for each group, choose 2 criteria for comparing heroes (if the guys cannot do this themselves, then the teacher distributes the tasks himself);
3) find material for comparison according to this criterion (write out quotes);
4) give an answer to the research question "Andrey Stolz - the antipode or double of Ilya Oblomov?";
5) formulate an answer to the problematic question of the lesson "Why did Andrey Stoltz fail to change the lifestyle of Ilya Oblomov ?;
6) draw up a worksheet.
5. Exchange of information.
After the study, the guys exchange information using worksheets (Appendix 2, Appendix 3.)
6. Summing up.
Teacher's word: We see that Andrey Stolz is a double of Ilya Oblomov by most criteria. This will also be the reason why Andrei could not change the life of Ilya Oblomov.
7. Reflection. Evaluation.
8. Homework.
A written answer to the question "Why did Olga prefer Stolz to Oblom?"
