Why Russians have the right to celebrate the memory of Shakespeare. "My Turgenev" - reflections on I.S. Turgenev

A. N. Ostrovsky
(1832-1886)

1. Continuing the family tradition, what profession did Ostrovsky choose at first?
2. In what courts did the young Ostrovsky serve, gaining experience, which was later very useful to him?
3. What was Ostrovsky's contemporaries called for the discovery of a new "land" in Russian literature: "Columbus ..."?
4. Among the early literary experiences of the novice playwright was an essay in prose in the spirit of the natural school: “Notes ... ...”. Whom?
5. How did he first title his first comedy in the style of a writer he admired?
6. Why, by whom and for how long was it banned for theatrical performance?
7. Whose commendable review, written on a piece of paper with a pencil, Ostrovsky "later kept like a jewel"?
8. Which of the Russian writers, senior contemporaries of Ostrovsky, said: “Until now, I considered three tragedies in Rus': “Undergrowth”, “Woe from Wit” and “Inspector General”. I put number four on Bankrupt? What was the title of Ostrovsky's play "Bankrupt"?
9. Which of the heroes of "Own people - let's settle" can be called "Russian Tartuffe"?
10. What kind of groom does Lipochka dream of and what other bride from Ostrovsky's predecessor does she remind of?
11. What kind of continuity from the older generation to the younger does the author show in the "dark kingdom"?
12. How are the names of biblical heroes comically played in the play?
13. What "fatal" mistake did Bolshov make?
14. One shameless deceiver appeals to the conscience of another and recalls the biblical legend. Who and what?
15. Which of the characters likes to insert “noble” words into his speech: “Why is he sentimental there through the sleeves?”, “... so melancholy ripples in the eyes”?
16. According to what critic (and in what article), in comedy “there are no villains or monsters, but all people are very ordinary”: “hypocrisy and tyranny of some”, “deceptive humility” and “slavish cunning of others”?
17. Which of Shakespeare's comedies did the young Ostrovsky translate while studying English, slightly changing its title?
18. In what Moscow magazine did Ostrovsky collaborate, heading the “young editorial board”, which called the editor-in-chief “Elder Michael”?
19. Ostrovsky often used Russian proverbs in the titles of his plays. Name them.
20. One of the titles of his plays repeats the title of Krylov's fable, the other - Koltsov's poems. Remember them.
21. In addition to plays about modern life, Ostrovsky wrote historical chronicles. Which?
22. The action of many plays takes place on the Volga, although the writer was born in Moscow. How did he know the Volga cities?
23. In what Volga estate did Ostrovsky often and for a long time live and died there?
24. What cycle of plays was conceived by the playwright in connection with the Volga impressions?
25. What definition (subtitle) did the author give to his dramatic poem "The Snow Maiden"?
26. Whose daughter is the Snow Maiden and what fairy-tale kingdom did she end up in?
27. Which of the Russian composers wrote an opera based on the plot of The Snow Maiden?
28. What two meanings are combined in the title of the play "The Poor Bride"?
29. Good and suffering heroes in the comedy "Poverty is not a vice" are named Love and Love. What kind of relationship are they in?
30. Among the characters in the play "Poverty is no vice" there is a self-taught poet of the Koltsov type and a dissolute but noble vagabond, the forerunner of Gorky's tramps. Who are they?
31. Refusing in the 50s. from a “hard” view of Russian life, Ostrovsky wrote: “It is better for a Russian person to rejoice at seeing himself on stage than to yearn. Correctors will be found even without us.” What is the name of this period in the work of the playwright and what plays did he write during this time?
32. In what plays is the theme of a “hot heart” revealed - a recalcitrant, freedom-loving female soul?
33. Showing private life against the backdrop of a common one, the playwright depicts the life of the city, the noise of the street, rumors, intrigues, the voices of the crowd - polyphony, as in novels. Which plays contain scenes of city festivities?
34. In what plays does the plot of deceived love unfold?
35. And which show the sale and purchase of a poor girl?
36. What kind of generalization like "Oblomovism", "Khlestakovism", "Karamazovism" (but without relying on proper names) was created by Ostrovsky?
37. Why, with the light hand of Ostrovsky, merchants began to be called Tit Titychi and Kit Kitychi?
38. What definition did Dobrolyubov give to Ostrovsky's plays?
39. In what plays do the main events take place on the steep bank of the Volga?
40. Are there actresses among Ostrovsky's heroines?
41. What is the name of the wandering actors who find themselves in the Russian wilderness, in the "forest", where any "beast" is found?
42. In which circle did Ostrovsky take part in the 60s. and the chairman of which circle did he become in the 70s?
43. What cities on the Volga were arguing about in which of them the action of the plays "Thunderstorm" and "Dowry" takes place?
44. I. A. Goncharov, admiring the boldness of the “Thunderstorm” plan, in a few words defines the plot outline of the entire play: “... the passion of a nervous, passionate woman and the struggle with debt, a fall, remorse and a heavy atonement for guilt.” Can you categorize these "points" by act?
45. How does the author emphasize the ring composition of the drama?
46. ​​What and whose song does Kuligin sing at the beginning of the play - this is a kind of epigraph that predicts the fate of the main character: “Where can I rest my heart, When the storm rises?”, “Where can I go, poor thing?”
47. Ostrovsky liked to give his characters meaningful names and surnames. Are there any in Groz?
48. Was Katerina given her name by chance? What does "Tikhon" mean?
49. Curly is a name, nickname or surname? Which Koltsovo hero does he resemble?
50. Which of the characters is not dressed in Russian?
51. Does Boris bear the surname of his uncle?
52. Why did the author give such a surname to Kuligin?
53. What does he invent?
54. What modern discoveries and inventions are mentioned in the play?
55. Who distorts the word "electricity" and how?
56. Whose poems does Kuligin quote with delight?
57. What pictures painted on the walls of the chapel are the inhabitants of Kalinovo looking at and discussing?
58. What overseas miracles does Feklusha talk about?
59. Who expressed two diametrically opposed judgments about the city of Kalinov: “You live in the promised land” and “everyone has dogs down”, “and how much debauchery and drunkenness”?
60. To whom is Kuligin's monologue addressed: "Cruel morals, sir, in our city, cruel!"?
61. Which of the characters often remarks “after a pause”, “silence”, “thinking”?
62. To what unfair reproaches does Katerina say: “... who is pleased to endure in vain?”
63. What dreams did Katerina have?
64. Where and when did she like to pray?
65. With whom does she compare herself: “I lived, didn’t grieve about anything, just like ... in freedom”, “I would fly into the field and fly from cornflower to cornflower in the wind, like ...”?
66. Was Katerina a native of Kalinov, from a rich or poor family?
67. What does she grieve about in her marriage to Tikhon, and what forebodings torment her?
68. What decency does Kabanikha require when parting with her husband before his trip?
69. “How can I love you when you say such words”? Which?
70. To whom does Katerina confess that she loves another, and does she name him?
71. How does she answer Varvara’s question: “But if you can’t bear it, what will you do?”
72. What childish offense that she could not endure, does Katerina talk about?
73. What incident helped Katerina and Boris meet?
74. “If I am not afraid of sin for you, will I be afraid ...” What?
75. Who says about whom: “And in the wild he is as if bound”?
76. “... I don't know how; ... I can’t do anything.” What does Katerina not know and cannot do?
77. What did Tikhon do at the behest of his mother after the public confession of his wife?
78. How does he protest at the end of the play?
79. Between what contrasting states of the soul does Katerina rush about: either “it’s like I’m starting to live again”, or “it’s like I’m standing above ...”, or “the dove is cooing”, or “... whispering in my ears”?
80. What “natural” metaphor does the heroine use when describing her life in the Kabanovs’ house: “What a frisky I was! I am with you ... completely ”?
81. To whom and what does Katerina address in her dying monologue, reminiscent of the heroine of previous Russian literature, who appealed to the forces of nature?
82. Who brings Katerina's body to people and did he meet her before her death?
83. Who in the play gives accurate descriptions of petty fools: “how he broke free of the chain”, “everything under the guise of piety”?
84. Is Dikoy able to ask for forgiveness?
85. Who sees in Wild Anika the warrior who has been fighting with the women all his life?
86. Whose philosophy is this: “But in my opinion: do what you want, as long as it is sewn and covered”?
87. According to Katerina, will they pray for her, a suicide?
88. In the title "Thunderstorm", along with the direct one, an allegorical meaning shines through. Which? Does Ostrovsky have other plays with similar titles?
89. Do you agree that Katerina's childhood and youth were “dry and monotonous life”, that “upbringing and young life gave her nothing”? Whose opinion is this?
90. Which of the critics considered Katerina a Protestant, and who - an innocent victim (in which articles)?
91. Why did Dobrolyubov see in Katerina, and not in Olga Ilyinskaya and not in Elena Stakhova, "a new type created by Russian life"?
92. How did the drama of Katerina and her suicide in Kostroma before the premiere of The Thunderstorm repeat itself in life?
93. Who owns the writers' reviews of The Thunderstorm: "a new phase of Russian literature" and "the most amazing, most magnificent work of a Russian talent who has completely mastered himself"?
94. In which plays do the main characters denounce bribery and embezzlement of officials, but one resisted the temptation of opportunism, and the other did not?
95. Who and in what comedy in the final states: “I will wait for the time when the bribe-taker will be more afraid of the public court than the criminal one”?
96. Which of the later plays is reminiscent of The Thunderstorm and in what way?
97. What does the name "Larisa" mean and is it connected with the image of the heroine of "The Dowry"?
98. When Larisa begins to see clearly, realizing how others treat her: “Finally, a word has been found for me”? What word?
99. Between whom the dialogue takes place: "An expensive diamond requires an expensive setting." - "And a good jeweler"?
100. What contemporary writer does Karandyshev look like, and in what way?
101. What costume does he wear at a costume party?
102. Where does he want to take Larisa Knurov?
103. Which of the characters admits that he learned the Russian language from barge haulers, and the other speaks of them with contempt: “We, that is, educated people,” “consider them a model of rudeness and ignorance”?
104. There are a lot of shots in the "Dowry". One of them - a cannon - was frightened by Larisa. What was that shot?
105. Who was the first to shoot Larisa, and who tried to shoot himself?
106. How does Larisa provoke Karandyshev's shot, not daring to commit suicide herself?
107. To whom does Paratov shout near the mortally wounded Larisa, ordering to be silent, to which she replies: “Let them have fun, whoever has fun”?
108. Who was considered the best performer of the role of Larisa in the late XIX - early XX century?
109. What romance does Ostrovsky's heroine sing, and how did V. Komissarzhevskaya replace it, and why?
110. What number did the author put on the first page of the manuscript of "Dowry"?
111. How many plays does the Ostrovsky Theater have in total?
112. Who owns the review: “But only after you, we Russians can proudly say: “We have our own Russian national theater”?
113. Where is the monument to Ostrovsky erected in Moscow?
114. What is the name of E. Ryazanov's film based on one of Ostrovsky's plays?

1. Lawyer. He entered the law faculty of the university, but did not finish it.
2. Conscientious and commercial.
3. "... Zamoskvorechye".
4. "... Zamoskvoretsky resident."
5. Bankrupt. In the spirit of Gogol.
6. Virtue did not resist vice, evildoers were not punished. Nicholas I, for 11 years.
7. Gogol, who listened to the comedy in the author's reading at the evening at M. Pogodin's.
8. V. F. Odoevsky. "Our people - let's count."
9. Bailiff Podkhalyuzin.
10. About a nobleman. Agafya Tikhonovna from Gogol's Marriage.
11. Merchant Bolshov - clerk Podkhalyuzin - servant boy Tishka.
12. Samson the Great and Lazar Podkhalyuzin: strength in hair (money) and the resurrection of Lazarus (“singing Lazarus” is a parable about a beggar who ended up in paradise).
13. He trusted the clerk, considering him a reliable person, and transferred his property, declaring bankruptcy.
14. Bolshov: “Judas also sold Christ for money, just as we sell our conscience for money.”
15. Velcro.
16. Dobrolyubova. "Dark Realm"
17. "The Taming of the Shrew" - "The Taming of the Evil Wife."
18. "Moskvityanin" - editor Professor M. P. Pogodin.
19. “Don’t get into your sleigh”, “Don’t live as you want”, “Poverty is not a vice”, “Hangover in someone else’s feast”, “Not everything is a carnival for a cat”, “What you go for, you will find”, “There was not a penny, but suddenly an altyn”, “An old friend is better than two new ones”, “Each sage is quite simple”, “True is good, but happiness is better”.
20. "Wolves and Sheep", "Forest".
21. “Kozma Zakharyich Minin-Sukhoruk”, “Dmitry the Pretender and Vasily Shuisky”, “Comedian of the 17th century”, “Dream on the Volga, or Voyevoda”.
22. In the 50s. traveled all over the upper Volga on behalf of the Naval Ministry and visited many cities on the Volga.
23. Shchelykovo, Kostroma province, where my father bought the estate.
24. "Nights on the Volga".
25. "Spring Tale".
26. Daughter of Frost and Spring. Kingdom of the Berendeys.
27. Rimsky-Korsakov.
28. Poor and unfortunate.
29. Uncle and niece Tortsova.
30. Bailiff Mitya and Lyubim Tortsov.
31. Moskvityansky. “Do not sit in your sleigh”, “Poverty is not a vice” and “Do not live as you want.”
32. "Pupil", "Thunderstorm", "Hot Heart", "Dowry".
33. "Thunderstorm", "Dowry", "Last Victim", "Mad Money", "Abyss".
34. “Poor bride”, “Don’t get into your sleigh”, “Thunderstorm”, “Dowry”, “Pupil”, “Guilty without guilt”, “In a crowded place”.
35. “Talents and Admirers”, “Mad Money”, “The Last Victim”, “Not Everything is Carnival for the Cat”, “Jokers”.
36. Tyranny.
37. Merchant Tit Titych Bruskov is nicknamed Kit Kitich in the comedy "At someone else's feast hangover".
38. "Plays of life".
39. In "Thunderstorm" and "Dowry".
40. Negina in Talents and Admirers, Kruchinina in Guilty Without Guilt.
41. Gennady Neschastlivtsev and Arkady Schastlivtsev (“Forest”).
42. Artistic Circle and the Society of Russian Dramatic Writers.
43. Kostroma, Tver, Kineshma, Rzhev (Kalinov and Bryakhimov).
44. "Passion" - I act, "struggle with debt" - II, "fall" - III, "repentance" - IV and "redemption" - V.
45. Remark of the last act: "Decoration of the first act", i.e. Katerina dies on the same bank where she heard the prophecy of the crazy lady.
46. ​​“Among the flat valley ...” A. F. Merzlyakova.
47. Kabanova, Wild, Curly. Thekla - in Greek. "Glory to God."
48. Katerina - in Greek. "pure". Tikhon - "lucky", but most likely associated with the Russian words "quiet", "silence" (cf. "Tisha"),
49. Probably a nickname, and the name is Vanya. Likhach Kudryavich.
50. Boris.
51. No, he is the son of Diky's sister.
52. Similarity with the name of the Russian inventor Kulibin.
53. Perpetuum mobile - perpetual motion machine.
54. "Thunder bends", "they began to harness the fiery serpent" - "for the sake of speed."
55. Wild. "Elestrichestvo".
56. Lomonosov. “The abyss has opened, full of stars. There is no number of stars, the abyss of the bottom.
57. Hell, fiery hell.
58. About Turkish and Persian Sultan Makhnut, unrighteous judges and people with dog heads.
59. Feklushey and Kuligin.
60. To Boris.
61. At Katerina's.
62. The boar reproaches the daughter-in-law for keeping her son away from his mother.
63. Temples are golden, gardens are extraordinary, it smells like cypress, invisible voices sing, and she flies through the air - it looks like paradise.
64. In the garden, among trees, herbs and flowers, at sunrise.
65. "Bird", "butterfly".
66. Obviously, she is from afar, since even the thought of seeking salvation from relatives does not arise. Judging by her childhood and youth, the family was prosperous - she embroidered gold on velvet.
67. That there are no children. "I will die soon."
68. Bow down and kneel rather than hug and kiss.
69. "... before my wife?".
70. Barbara. No, but she herself guesses.
71. “I’ll throw myself out the window, I’ll throw myself into the Volga. I don’t want to live here, I won’t, even if you cut me!”
72. They offended her at the age of 6 with something, she ran out to the Volga, got into a boat and pushed her away from the shore, and in the morning they found a girl 10 miles away.
73. The key to the gate, pushed almost by force by Varvara Katerina.
74. "... human court."
75. Katerina about Tikhon.
76. "Deceive something", "... hide something."
77. Beat the traitor a little.
78. “Mommy, you ruined her! you, you, you..."
79. "...by the abyss", "evil one...".
80. "... withered ...".
81. To the winds, to endure her longing, to the departed beloved. Yaroslavna from "The Tale of Igor's Campaign".
82. Kuligin. No.
83. Curly about Wild and Boar.
84. During fasting, he scolded and almost beat down a peasant who came for money, and then he asked for forgiveness and bowed at his feet in front of all the people, that is, he atoned for his sin before God.
85. Boar.
86. Barbarians.
87. "Whoever loves will pray."
88. A natural phenomenon and event that shocked everyone and refreshed the musty atmosphere. "Forest", "Abyss".
89. Dobrolyubova. One can hardly agree with this, it was a free life in unity with nature, in hopes and dreams.
90. Dobrolyubov. "A Ray of Light in the Dark Realm", Pisarev. "Motives of Russian Drama".
91. The heroines of Goncharov and Turgenev - one lives in vulgarity, although she is aware of it, the other is ready for activity, but she herself does not dare to start it. The character of Katerina is resolute and selfless, and she does not change herself, preferring death to a false life.
92. In Kostroma, a 19-year-old daughter-in-law, who fell in love with the official Maryin, drowned herself in the merchant family of the Klykovs. The play was finished on October 9, 1859, premiered on November 16, and Suicide on November 10.
93. Herzen and Turgenev.
94. "A profitable place" and "Each wise man is quite simple."
95. Zhadov in Profitable Place.
96. "Dowry" - the action takes place in the Volga city, on a steep bank, "cruel morals", the whole nature of the heroine, thirsty for love and deceived in it, and a tragic ending.
97. In Greek. "gull" is a white-winged, free bird that loves space.
98. Karandyshev tells her that she was played like a thing by Knurov and Vozhevatov. "Thing".
99. Between Knurov and Vozhevatov.
100. On the heroes of Dostoevsky with their ambitions, hurt pride, readiness to avenge their humiliation (axe, pistol).
101. Robber with an ax in his hand.
102. To Paris for the World Exhibition.
103. Paratov and Karandyshev.
104. According to Karandyshev, "some tyrant merchant gets down from his barge, so they salute him."
105. Paratov, on a dare, boasting of his accuracy, shot a glass on Larisa's head. Karandyshev.
106. Announces to Karandyshev that she is too expensive for him, that she will not be his and prefers to belong to Knurov.
107. Gypsy choir.
108. V. Komissarzhevskaya.
109. “Do not tempt me unnecessarily ...” Baratynsky, more suitable for a noble young lady, - “He told me: be mine ...” in a gypsy spirit, accompanying himself on the guitar.
110. "Opus 40" - Ostrovsky's 40th play.
111. 47 plays.
112. I. A. Goncharov.
113. In front of the building of the Maly Theater, which is called the “Ostrovsky House”.
114. "Cruel Romance"

I. A. Goncharov
(1812-1891)

1. In what capacity did Goncharov have to serve for more than 40 years of his life, turning to literary work in fits and starts?
2. “I serve art,” the writer says, “like harnessed ...” Who?
3. What two brothers, future poet and critic, did Goncharov teach literature as a home teacher?
4. Where did the young Goncharov anonymously post his first works?
5. In what Goncharov's work did Belinsky see "a terrible blow to romanticism, dreaminess, sentimentality"?
6. What "ordinary story" happened to the younger and older Aduevs?
7. To whom does Alexander swear, leaving his native home, in eternal love and what does he keep as its symbol?
8. On what three feelings did young Aduev go crazy?
9. In what way does Alexander repeat his uncle?
10. What kind of "cold and subtle tyranny" over a woman's heart is referred to in the novel?
11. Who can be called the literary predecessors of the Aduevs as representatives of two types: a romantic and a skeptic?
12. What is the name of Pyotr Ivanovich's wife and what form of the name - literary and colloquial - did the author give to his heroine, perhaps following Pushkin?
13. On what ship did Goncharov travel around the world and what book of essays did he write?
14. What "Episode from an unfinished novel" was published by the writer in 1849, 10 years before the end of the novel?
15. From what direction, "covering the entire society and literature" in the 40s, Goncharov abandoned while working on "Oblomov"?
16. Which of Goncharov's heroes can be called honest Chichikovs?
17. On whose statement about “the family of those people who are not translated in Rus', who used to have names: goofs, couch potatoes, bobaki” Goncharov relied on when thinking about his Oblomov?
18. Which two literary heroes have a book on the table, which one has been reading for two years with a bookmark on the 14th page, and the second page of the book is covered with dust and turned black?
19. The first impression of these heroes is the same: “What a pleasant and kind person!” and “Good-natured, it must be simplicity!”, But looking more closely at the first one, you will feel “deadly boredom”, and at the second one you will smile and walk away “in pleasant thought”. Who are they?
20. Is Oblomov's childhood shown in the novel and in what form?
21. What has become for him the ideal of real life since childhood?
22. Which of the characters owns the aphorism: “It began with the inability to put on stockings, but ended with the inability ...”?
23. Who pronounces the word "Oblomovism" as a key to unraveling the existence of Oblomov?
24. Oblomov faces a dilemma: "Either I did not understand this life, or it is nowhere ...". What word is missing?
25. Oblomov's apathy is associated not only with laziness, but also with dissatisfaction with life. What is hidden behind the appearance and behavior of couch potatoes and bobak?
26. Finish one of Oblomov's arguments: “You think that a heart is not needed for thought. No, she is fertilized ... ".
27. What did Oblomov compare with "a disease like smallpox, measles or fever"?
28. Of which of his heroes did the author self-critically remark: “He is weak, pale - an idea peeps out of him too naked”?
29. According to Goncharov, two dominant female characters are captured in two Pushkin's heroines - passive, subject to traditions and original, with "instincts of self-awareness" (dog and cat). Did he embody these types himself?
30. Who does Olga Ilyinskaya remind us of: “In a rare girl you will find such simplicity and natural freedom of sight, word, deed ... No affectation, no coquetry, no lies, no tinsel, no intent”?
31. Encouraged by the goal of reviving Oblomov and her role as a creator, with whom does Olga compare herself and him?
32. Goncharov gave Pshenitsyna the name of a Gogol heroine. Which?
33. Who did Dobrolyubov mean when he said that one of Turgenev's heroines "seems to be the answer to questions and doubts" of Goncharov's Olga, who languishes and yearns, not knowing what?
34. Like Turgenev, Goncharov singled out two types in world literature that absorbed "in themselves everything that is comic and tragic in human nature." Who are these types?
35. All his life Goncharov was interested in "one artistic ideal" - the type of idealist and disappointed romantic. We meet such heroes in all his novels. Name them.
36. Who did Goncharov oppose to his romantics and idealists?
37. Is it possible to establish the dates of Oblomov's life?
38. The character traits and appearance of which real woman, whom Goncharov knew well, were reflected in Olga Ilyinskaya?
39. Which of the surviving Decembrists did the writer see when returning from a round-the-world trip through Irkutsk and Yakutsk?
40. How did this meeting affect the original concept of the novel The Precipice?
41. What titles preceded the final name-symbol?
42. In defense of whom was the novel conceived and to whom is it dedicated?
43. What caused the quarrel between Goncharov and Turgenev, which lasted more than 20 years?
44. The author called two of his favorite heroines: “Day” and “mysterious Night”. Whom?
45. And who did he call either "potential Oblomov", or "awakened Oblomov", or "Oblomov's son"?
46. ​​Who did the writer point to as the prototype of Tatyana Markovna Berezhkova?
47. What two types of nihilism are combined in the image of Volokhov, leading to his bifurcation?
48. Where does the repentant Volokhov go at the end of the novel?
49. Who considers Vera either a "pathetic female" and a cat, or "an executioner in a skirt"?
50. Is the choice of surname for Vera's fiancé random?
51. With which of the literary predecessors can Raisky be compared with his "wanderlust" and the habit of being bored?
52. According to him: “There is no quiet haven for me - either burning, or sleeping and ...!”
53. About what Goncharov's hero Chekhov said that he was half composed, and "three-quarters stilted", and although the author assures us that "this is a magnificent fellow", but in fact "this is a blowing beast who thinks very well of himself and self-satisfied"?

1. Editor and censor.
2. "... an ox."
3. Apollo and Valerian Maykov.
4. In the handwritten almanacs "Snowdrop" and "Moonlight Nights", produced in the Maykov salon, - the story "Dashing Pain" and "Happy Mistake" (1838-1839).
5. In the novel "Ordinary History".
6. One of the romantics becomes a practitioner and businessman, and the other, who built his life on a sober calculation, fails.
7. Sonechka; curl and ring.
8. On friendship, love and ambition.
9. Makes a career, gets rich and ... experiences back pain.
10. On the attitude of Peter Aduev to his wife, whom he subordinated to his will and reason.
11. Vladimir Lensky and Eugene Onegin.
12. Lizaveta Alexandrovna (instead of the literary form "Elizaveta"), see in "The Queen of Spades" - Lizaveta Ivanovna.
13. On the frigate "Pallada", "Frigate" Pallada ".
14. "Oblomov's Dream" from the novel "Oblomov".
15. From the "critical" headed by Belinsky and Gogol.
16. Petr Aduev and Andrey Stolz.
17. Gogol in Dead Souls.
18. At Manilov and Oblomov.
19. Manilov and Oblomov.
20. In the form of a dream.
21. Satiety and peace.
22. Stolz, "... to live."
23. At the beginning Oblomov, and at the end of the novel Stolz.
24. "... not good."
25. "Golden heart", "humane heart".
26. "... love."
27. Love.
28. About Stolz.
29. In Olga and Tatyana ("Eugene Onegin") - Pshenitsyna and Olga Ilyinskaya, Marfinka and Vera ("Cliff").
30. Tatyana Larina: “Everything was quiet, it was just in her”, “without a look, arrogant for everyone, without claims to success, without these little antics, without imitative undertakings.”
31. Himself with Pygmalion, him with Galatea. (This refers to the ancient myth of a sculptor who fell in love with his own creation.)
32. Agafya Matveevna - Agafya Tikhonovna ("Marriage").
33. Elena Stakhova from "On the Eve".
34. Don Quixote and Hamlet.
35. Alexander Aduev, Ilya Oblomov, Boris Raisky.
36. Sober-minded realists, business people - Peter Aduev, Andrei Stolz, Ivan Tushin.
37. The action in the novel begins in 1843, when Ilya Ilyich was 32-33 years old (born around 1810), and ends in 1851, that is, Oblomov died at 41. Epilogue 5 years later - in 1856
38. Ekaterina Pavlovna Maikova, children's writer.
39. Volkonsky, Trubetskoy, Yakushkin.
40. Vera had to repeat the feat of the wives and brides of the Decembrists and go to Siberia with a nihilist.
41. "Paradise" and "Artist Paradise", "Vera".
42. In defense of women and dedicated to Russian women.
43. Due to some overlaps between "The Cliff" and "The Noble Nest" and "On the Eve": the genealogy of the heroes, Marfa Timofeevna was Lisa's grandmother - remade into an aunt; the idea to portray a new woman capable of a feat. Goncharov after the release of "On the Eve" was forced to abandon the original plot and "analyze the so-called fall."
44. Olga and Vera.
45. Raisky.
46. ​​"The grandmother embodied some of the character traits of her mother."
47. Political and everyday nihilism - a protest against violence and injustice and theft, rudeness, rudeness.
48. To the Caucasus.
49. Paradise.
50. Tushin - this is how he called his hero and L. Tolstoy, a modest and brave Russian patriot officer (“War and Peace”).
51. With Eugene Onegin.
52. "...boredom."
53. About Stolz.

I. S. Turgenev
(1818-1883)

1. In early childhood, for her affectionate and meek disposition, the mother called Vanya “daughter”: “My ...”. How did she remake his name in a feminine way? What punishment did Varvara Petrovna subject her beloved son to for all sorts of trifles and trifles, saying: “You know why”?
2. What was the favorite activity of a seven year old boy?
3. Who inspired the future writer that “either a bitter drunkard or a complete fool” can compose poetry?
4. Which of Turgenev's student friends, the poet and philosopher, whom he admired, calling "the king's son, who did not know about his origin", died early from consumption?
5. And another friend, who was a Hegelian in his youth, became an anarchist and engaged in revolutionary activities. Who is he?
6. Who did Turgenev call "sister and best only friend", but did not want to connect his fate with her?
7. About what chance and fleeting meeting did the young man write like this: “I only managed to make out his white teeth and lively quick eyes”?
8. Starting as a poet, Turgenev named one of his early poems after the Pushkin heroine in two of his poetic works. What is this name? Name the works of Pushkin.
9. Who did the aspiring writer consider "father and commander"?
10. About what letter did young Turgenev write: “Belinsky and his letter, this is my whole religion”?
11. Turgenev's early works are signed with the pseudonym “T. L." What does it mean?
12. To whom in the early 40s. Turgenev was presented as "a young Russian landowner, a glorious hunter, an interesting conversationalist and a bad poet"?
13. In Pushkin's Eugene Onegin, Tatyana's mother "called Polina Praskovya" - a similar story happened in Turgenev's life, and the Russian girl not only changed her name, but also turned into a Frenchwoman. Who is she?
14. What alien nest was Turgenev talking about: “It’s full to sit on the edge of someone else’s nest”?
15. Who admonished Turgenev, noting his first prose experiments: “You have found your true family”?
16. What "annibal oath" did Turgenev give in his youth and followed it all his life?
17. About what events did he say that “in those days the world was in labor pains”? What former serf-turned-famous actor did Turgenev befriend in the late 1940s, writing roles for him in two of his plays?
18. In which of his older contemporaries did Turgenev see the "great artist" and revere him, "even when he did not agree with him"?
19. “What Russian soul will not be shaken by these words ?!” exclaimed Turgenev in despair and shock in March 1852. What are these words?
20. How was Turgenev punished for his response (obituary) to Gogol's death?
21. What story, which has become a textbook, did he write while under arrest in the police station?
22. About which of Turgenev's heroes they say: "After all, he just has Minin and Pozharsky's hand"? What does it mean?
23. What Turgenev’s work was described by the author as “a contribution made to the treasury of Russian literature”, and the critic as a new word: the writer “came to the people from such a side, from which no one had come to him before”?
24. In your opinion, Khor and Kalinich are names or surnames?
25. What nickname and why did the forester get and is his name known?
26. What songs are performed by the singers in the story of the same name and which of them wins?
27. Which of the characters do we learn that, by the will of the master, he was a Cossack, a coachman, a cook, an actor, a gardener, and, finally, a fisherman by a pond where there is no fish?
28. What story did Turgenev want to write and include in his Notes ... about the massacre of peasants with a cruel landowner?
29. Who and about whom says indignantly: “Of course, I immediately ordered her to be cut, dressed in shabby clothes and sent to the village ... It’s better to cut off the sick penis at once”? What is "she" punished for?
30. And who listens with pleasure to the sounds coming from the stable, and imitates them: chuki-chuki?
31. In which story does the hero describe an amazing land where the prophetic bird Gamayun lives, where golden apples grow on silver branches and people live “in contentment and justice”?
32. Whose ironic characteristic is this: “... subscribes to French books, drawings and newspapers, but before reading a little hunter ... He plays cards masterfully. In general ... he is considered one of the most educated and enviable suitors in our province; the ladies are crazy about him and especially praise his manners”?
33. And here is another characteristic: “... the first beauty in our entire household, - tall, plump, white, ruddy, - laughter, dancer, singer!” Who is she and what tragedy happened to her?
34. In which story is the author's reflection on the Russian man: “The Russian man is so confident in his strength and strength that he is not averse to breaking himself: he is little concerned with his past and boldly looks forward. What is good - he likes it, what is reasonable - give it to him, but where it comes from - he does not care?
35. Do you recognize Turgenev's heroes from the "Notes of a Hunter": a) kind, loving all living things, poetically minded; b) practical and smart, outwardly similar to Socrates; c) gloomy, suffering from loneliness, but not losing his kindness; d) a wanderer and a truth seeker, looking for a better life for everyone; e) a devotedly loving and unhappy peasant girl, abandoned by a smug, spoiled valet of a wealthy gentleman?
36. Turgenev is a master of landscape, his paintings of nature are plastic, full of movement, rhythmic. Try to substitute the missing words in the following descriptions: “The pale gray sky brightened, turned cold, turned blue, the stars either blinked with a faint light, then ..., the earth became damp, sweated ..., in some places they began to hear ... sound and voices, and liquid, early ... has already gone to roam and flutter over the earth. Do you remember where this passage is taken from?
37. Comparative characteristics of Khor and Kalinich: “Khor was a positive, practical man, an administrative head, a rationalist; Kalinich, on the contrary, belonged to the number of idealists, romantics, enthusiastic and dreamy people. Khor understood reality, Kalinich walked around in bast shoes and managed somehow. The ferret spawned a large family, submissive and unanimous; Kalinich once had a wife, but there were no children at all ”- resembles a paired portrait of the heroes of the Russian writer - Turgenev's predecessor. What heroes?
38. And the beginning of the story “First Love”: “The guests left long ago” is similar to the well-known beginning “The guests came to the dacha” of another great predecessor. Whom?
39. Which of the geniuses of world literature Turgenev called "the all-forgiving heart"?
40. What Turgenev's works are based on Shakespeare and Goethe?
41. It is said that Turgenev did for Russian literature what Peter I did for Russia: “he cut a window to Europe.” What does this mean?
42. Which of the Russian writers did Turgenev especially promote in the West?
43. With which of the French writers did he make friends and communicate?
44. Which of the contemporary writers did he consider a "genuine Rusak" who cherishes Russia, and not Slavophilism?
45. To what anniversary in 1855 was Turgenev invited and came to Moscow?
46. ​​On the words of what Turgenev's poem about "the first and last meetings" was a popular romance written, which is still performed today?
47. In which play did the censorship suggest that the author turn a married woman infatuated with a student into an old maid or widow so as not to offend public morality?
48. What was the original name of the novel "Rudin" and why did Turgenev refuse the first title?
49. “When he laughed, his face took on a strange, almost senile expression, his eyes shivered, his nose wrinkled ...” Whose portrait is shown here? But the hero of another Russian writer also had an oddity: when he laughed, his eyes did not laugh. How else are these characters similar to each other?
50. Does the author confirm or refute the opinion about Rudin that his words "will remain words and will never become an act"?
51. Describing the student circle of Pokorsky, Turgenev pays tribute to the real leader of such a circle, of which he himself was a member. Who is the writer talking about?
52. Who did contemporaries recognize in Rudin?
53. Who throws an accusation to Rudin: “Submit! So this is how you put into practice your interpretations of freedom, of sacrifice”?
54. Which of the characters in the novel first accuses Rudin of acting, and then changes his mind about him and says: “He has ..., and this is the most precious quality in our time”? What is the opposite of acting?
55. The protagonist is, as it were, surrounded by "twins", which reveal or exaggerate (strengthen) his strengths and weaknesses. Name them.
56. Whom does Rudin quote in his speech and letters: “Blessed is he who was young from his youth” and “What have you, my youth, brought me to, dominated that there is nowhere to take a step”? Which literary character does he compare himself to?
57. Did the defenders of the barricades know who Rudin was?
58. What was the name of Chernyshevsky's article about the story "Asya", in which it was proved that the indecisive, weak hero who was succumbing to her was to blame for unhappy love?
59. Which of Turgenev's heroes, like the prodigal son, returns to his native home and regains the sense of his homeland that he has lost?
60. What autobiographical motives are reflected in the novel "The Noble Nest"?
61. What Tolstoy hero does Lavretsky resemble in appearance, character, and some moments of his biography?
62. What literary associations does Lavretsky's meeting at the end of the novel with young people evoke in you: "Play, have fun, grow young forces ..."?
63. What meaning did the author put into the name “On the Eve”, and what meaning did the critic who wrote the famous article?
64. What choice does young Russia face in the novel (the choice is symbolized in the images of Elena's "suitors")? Is the heroine's name random?
65. Did Insarov have a prototype?
66. What did Insarov see as a guarantee of victory over the conquerors and the liberation of Bulgaria?
67. What two figurines did Shubin sculpt, trying to understand the character of Insarov?
68. How does nature "participate" in the love story of Elena and Insarov?
69. What two words, testifying to the dramatic split of the soul, does the dying Insarov utter in delirium?
70. Shubin’s letter ends the novel: “And now I, from here, from my “beautiful far away”, ask you again ...”. Who and what does Shubin ask? Where does he write the letter from and why does he quote the words “beautiful far away”?
71. What type of Russian woman did the writer discover?
72. Which of his heroines keeps a diary and writes down his spiritual dreams and thoughts in it: “Being kind is not enough; doing good... yes... that's the main thing in life. But how to do good?
73. And the other, at the most bitter moment, opens at random a volume of Pushkin and reads: "Whoever felt, he is disturbed by the Phantom of irrevocable days." Who is she and where did she read Pushkin's lines from?
74. Why did Turgenev, after many years of friendship with Nekrasov and cooperation in Sovremennik, leave the magazine and break off relations with its editor?
75. Based on world literature, Turgenev distinguishes two human types: a determined enthusiastic fighter and an ever-doubting thinker. In what Turgenev images are these types embodied?
76. In which of his heroes did Turgenev see the “antipode of Rudin”, “an independent soul and a proud man of the first hand”?
77. Having conceived the novel Fathers and Sons, what preparatory work did the writer do in order to understand from within a soul alien to him?
78. Turgenev liked to indicate the exact dates of the events taking place in his novels. When does the action in "Fathers and Sons" begin?
79. In connection with what is the year 1848 mentioned twice in the novel?
80. Who did the author claim his novel was aimed at?
81. To whom was it dedicated?
82. Explaining the worldview of his hero, Turgenev emphasized: “If he is called a nihilist, then you should read: ...”. What word is missing?
83. Who considers Bazarov a “flayer” and a “rogue”, and who refers to him as a “pea jester”?
84. What Bazarov aphorisms do you know: “Nature is not a temple...”, “A decent chemist...”, “And Raphael...”, “It is important that twice two is four...”?
85. What epithets are missing in the following descriptions: “strongly squeezed his naked ... hand, which he did not immediately shake it” and “pulled out his beautiful hand with long ... nails” from the pocket of his pantaloons? Whose hands are these?
86. What does Bazarov say: “This is all romanticism, nonsense, rottenness, art”?
87. Does Bazarov fulfill his original “love program”: if you like a woman, seek her, and if she doesn’t come out - move away - “the earth has not come together like a wedge”? And who followed her?
88. What was Nikolai Petrovich called in the province and for what?
89. What instrument did Nikolai Petrovich play and what did Nikolai Petrovich like to play?
90. What book did Arkady take away from him?
91. “He loved to dream, village life developed this ability in him” and “He was not born a romantic, and his smartly dry and passionate, in a French way, misanthropic soul did not know how to dream.” Who are they?
92. Whose lines and from where did Nikolai Petrovich recite: “How sad your appearance is to me, Spring, spring, time for love ...”?
93. And the mention of the past ten years is repeated twice: "Ten years have passed like a dream" and "Ten years have passed in this way, colorless, fruitless and fast, terribly fast." To whom does it apply?
94. Do you know anything about Pavel Petrovich's prototype?
95. What does Pavel Petrovich, who went abroad at the end of the novel, keep in memory of Russia?
96. In what hobby did the author bring two antipodes together?
97. What kind of jam is kept in Fenechka's room with her own handwritten inscription on the paper cover?
98. On what occasion did Bazarov say to Arkady: “Oh, my friend, Arkady Nikolaevich! .. I ask you about one thing - do not speak beautifully”?
99. And Bazarov himself, does he utter beautiful, lofty phrases? Finish one of them: "Blow on the dying lamp...". To whom is she addressed?
100. Who says about whom: “He, like a falcon, wanted - flew in, wanted - flew away, and you and I, like honey agaric on a hollow, are sitting side by side, and not from a place!”?
101. What diminutive name does mother call Bazarov?
102. A month after the beginning of the action in the novel, Bazarov recalls the day of his angel. When is the hero's angel's day?
103. With what Russian politician of the beginning of the 19th century. Does Bazarov compare himself by mentioning his grandfather-deacon, that is, about his priestly origin?
104. Bazarov's father is proud that during World War II he felt the pulse of the famous poet, his namesake. Who?
105. How many love stories described in "Fathers and Sons" can you list?
106. What does Odintsova mean when she says that she and Bazarov are "too the same"?
107. What unites caricaturely emancipated Kukshina and Odintsova?
108. How does Bazarov think before his death about who Russia needs?
109. The last words of Bazarov: "Now ... darkness" - echoes the last phrase of one Shakespearean hero: "And then ... silence." Whom?
110. And with the words of another literary hero: "mind and heart are not in harmony" - one can define Bazarov's love drama. Name this character.
111. The “heavy, lonely tear” that rolled down Pavel Petrovich’s cheek during an explanation with Fenechka resembles the “inhuman tear” of Lermontov’s hero: “... a heavy tear rolls from faded eyes.” Who is he?
112. What is the cause of Bazarov's death and its symbolism?
113. Did Bazarov guess what would grow on his grave?
114. What epithets does the author endow with Bazarov’s heart at the end of the novel: “Whatever ..., ..., ... the heart hides in the grave ...”?
115. A contemporary of Turgenev will call Bazarov "restless and yearning", and his heart "great". Who owns this review?
116. Which of Turgenev's heroes Herzen spoke of as "an empty man with a fragrant mustache"?
117. Which of the critics and in which democratic journal spoke out against Fathers and Sons, calling them "the most malicious caricature" and slandering the youth of today?
118. Directly opposite opinion about the novel was another critic who devoted two articles to it. Who and what?
119. After 60 years, director V. E. Meyerhold intended to film "Fathers and Sons" and wanted to invite a Soviet poet to the role of Bazarov. Whom?
120. Turgenev's novels usually have epilogues that begin like this: “A few more years have passed. It was a cold autumn day”, “Eight years have passed. Spring has come again ... "," About five years have passed since then, and no more news has come about ... "," Six months have passed. It was a white winter ... ". Name the novels in which these epilogues are given.
121. Turgenev's novels end on a tragic or elegiac note, and sometimes with an indefinite interrogative intonation: “What did they think, what did both feel? Who will know? Who will say? There are such moments in life, such feelings ... You can only point at them - and pass by "or" Uvar Ivanovich played with his fingers and fixed his mysterious gaze into the distance. What question was never answered by the hero and the author?
122. Turgenev believed that a writer should be a psychologist, but not explicitly, but what kind?
123. About whom Turgenev spoke either as a "giant among the rest of the literary fraternity", or as an "elephant in a menagerie"?
124. Whose novel did Turgenev meet with sharp hostility: “His manner arouses physical disgust in me”?
125. Turgenev considered himself "one of the writers of the interregnum - the era between ... and the future head." Who did he mean?
126. “Both his and your memoirs are a true picture of Russian life only at its two ends - and from two different points of view,” Turgenev wrote to Herzen. What memoirs were you talking about?
127. To whom Turgenev was visiting, he said that the future of Russia seems to the owners like a patriarchal and hospitable monastery, like their estate Abramtsevo. What was this family?
128. Who is called Turgenev's "last love"?
129. What kind of novel did Turgenev write about: “Everyone scolds - both red and white, and from above, and from below, and from the side, especially from the side”, perhaps referring to the negative reviews of the “literary fraternity” - Tolstoy, Goncharov, Dostoevsky, Tyutchev?
130. To what two of his works of the early 70s. the writer prefaced the epigraphs: “Merry years. Happy days, - Like spring waters, They rushed by ”(from an old romance) and“ It should be lifted again not with a superficially sliding plow, but with a deeply taking plow ”(from the notes of the owner-agronomist)?
131. Later, explaining the last epigraph, Turgenev emphasized that the plow "does not mean revolution, - ...". What did he oppose the revolution?
132. In the preliminary plan of his last novel, the author described one of the characters as follows: "The temperament is solitary revolutionary, but not democratic, the nature is tragic - and the tragic fate." Who is this hero?
133. In a suicide note to a friend, Nejdanov asks to read one passage in Eugene Onegin: “The windows are whitewashed with chalk; no hostess." Why was he remembered by the hero in the most sorrowful moment?
134. How does the ending of "Novi": ""Nameless Rus!" - he said at last" resemble the ending of Turgenev's first novel?
135. Looking back at his novel work and summing it up, Turgenev will say: "Of all my literary past, I have reasons to be pleased with this particular story." Which novel out of six was singled out by the author himself?
136. What title did Turgenev give to his "poems in prose"?
137. What meeting with an old friend, during which not a single word was uttered, is described in the poem “The Last Meeting”?
138. About the heroine of which poem are two diametrically opposed judgments expressed: “fool” and “saint”?
139. Turgenev admired the amazing Russian woman who, during the war for the liberation of Bulgaria, became a sister of mercy, endured many hardships and dangers, died of typhus, and dedicated one of his prose poems to her memory. Which?
140. The titles of three poems are quotations: “You will hear the judgment of a fool...”, “How good, how fresh were the roses...” and “O my youth! O my freshness! Who is the author quoting and what inaccuracy does the last quote make?
141. In the poem "Russian language" Turgenev calls it his "support and support" and defines it with several epithets. What?
142. Which poem ends with the maxim: “Love, I thought, is stronger than death and the fear of death. “Only by her, only by love does life hold on and move”?
143. Insert the missing words in Turgenev's aphorisms: a) "First suffering, like first love, not ... - and thank God!" ("Rudin"); b) “... it is easy to part in the spring - in the spring and ... pulls into the distance” (“Forest and Steppe”); c) “Everything will pass, one ... will remain”; d) “Russia without each of us ... can, but none of us can do without it ...”; e) “Gratitude is a duty; every man pays his debts, but love is not...”; f) Do you want to be happy? Learn first..."
144. What did Turgenev say goodbye to in a letter to Y. Polonsky before his death: “When you are in Spasskoye, bow from me to my young garden ..., ... bow, which I will probably never see again”?
145. Dying far from his homeland, Turgenev asked to be buried next to the grave dear to him. Whose?

1. Jeannette. She flogged with rods with her own hands, and if he answered that he did not know, they flogged him a second time.
2. Catching birds.
3. Mother Varvara Petrovna.
4. Nikolai Stankevich.
5. Mikhail Bakunin.
6. Sister Bakunin Tatyana.
7. With Pushkin.
8. Parasha. "House in Kolomna" and "The Bronze Horseman".
9. V. G. Belinsky.
10. About "Letter to Gogol" Belinsky.
11. Turgenev-Lutovinov. Lutovinova - mother's maiden name, Spasskoye-Lutovinovo - the name of the family estate.
12. French singer Pauline Viardot.
13. Turgenev's illegitimate daughter Pelageya, brought up in the Viardot family.
14. About the family of Pauline Viardot.
15. Belinsky.
16. Fight against serfdom.
17. About the French Revolution of 1848
18. In Gogol.
19. "Gogol is dead."
20. Arrested and spent a month in the police station, and then exiled to his estate.
21. "Mumu".
22. About Gerasim - huge hands, like a monument.
23. About "Notes of the hunter". Critic - V. G. Belinsky.
24. Khor is probably a nickname, and Kalinich is a patronymic.
25. Biryuk is a lonely, gloomy person. They call him Thomas.
26. The hawker sings the dance “I will plow a young, young ...”, and Yakov the Turk - “Not one path ran in the field ...”. The second one wins.
27. Knot in the story "Lgov".
28. "Earth-eater" - how the peasants forced the landowner to eat land because he cut it off from them.
29. Landowner Zverkov about the maid Arina, who dared to fall in love and ask for permission to marry.
30. Stegunov Mardariy Apollonovich ("Two landowners").
31. "Kasian with Beautiful Swords".
32. Penochkina.
33. Lukerya from "Living Relics" - for many years lies motionless, shattered by paralysis.
34. "Khor and Kalinich".
35. a) Kalinich; b) Polecat; c) Biryuk; d) Kasyan; e) Akulina ("Date").
36. "...disappeared", "...leaves", "...live", "...breeze". "Bezhin Meadow".
37. Ivan Ivanovich and Ivan Nikiforovich in Gogol's story.
38. Pushkin.
39. Shakespeare.
40. "Hamlet of the Shchigrovsky District", "The Steppe King Lear" and "Faust".
41. Turgenev introduced Europe to Russian literature and himself translated the works of Russian writers into French.
42. Pushkin, Gogol, Krylov.
43. With G. Flaubert, P. Merimet, E. Zola, D. Daudet, G. de Maupassant, George Sand, br. Goncourt.
44. A. Ostrovsky.
45. Centennial anniversary of Moscow University, where he studied.
46. ​​“Misty morning, gray morning ...” (“On the road”).
47. "A month in the village."
48. “Genius nature” is an ironic sound, especially since Lezhnev says that if there is genius in Rudin, then there is no nature.
49. Rudin and Pechorin are “superfluous people” who were looking for the meaning of life, wanderers, strangers everywhere and to everyone, restless souls, but one is an enthusiast, and the other is a skeptic.
50. Refutes his death on the barricades in Paris in 1848.
51. About N. Stankevich.
52. M. Bakunina.
53. Natalia Lasunskaya.
54. Lezhnev, comrade of student years. Enthusiasm.
55. Lezhnev, Pandalevsky, Bassists.
56. Pushkin. "Eugene Onegin" and Koltsov. "Crossroads". With Don Quixote.
57. No, they considered him a Pole and did not know his name.
58. "Russian man on" rendez-vous ".
59. Lavretsky ("Noble Nest").
60. Childhood years in the countryside, Spartan upbringing, relationship with his father, break with his wife, a Russian Parisian - an echo of a quarrel with Viardot, a desire to return to Russia and engage in agriculture.
61. Pierre Bezukhov's mother is a serf peasant woman, an unsuccessful marriage and a break with his wife, a new love, dissatisfaction with life, etc.
62. With Pushkin’s “Hello, young, unfamiliar tribe ...” (“I visited again ...”).
63. On the eve of the appearance of the "Russian Insarovs" and on the eve of the revolution - Dobrolyubov. His article was titled "When Will the Real Day Come?".
64. Bersenev - science, Shubin - art, Kurnatovsky - state activity, Insarov - civil feat. Elena the Beautiful - because of which the Trojan War began.
65. Bulgarian Nikolai Katranov married a Russian girl Larisa, left for his homeland, died of tuberculosis in Venice, wrote poetry, was a translator.
66. In patriotic unity, a common goal: "The last beggar in Bulgaria and I - we want the same thing."
67. A hero and a ram rising on its hind legs and bowing its horns to strike.
68. A declaration of love is preceded by a thunderstorm, Insarov's death takes place against the backdrop of the luxurious nature of Italy.
69. "Reseda and Rendich" - the smell of Elena's perfume and a compatriot, one of the organizers of the uprising.
70. Will there be people in Russia similar to Insarov. From Rome, the words of Gogol, who also lived there.
71. "Turgenev girl", combining spiritual purity and fortitude, capable of self-sacrifice, looking for not just a lover, but a hero who will show the way to "active good."
72. Elena Stakhova.
73. Natalia Lasunskaya. From "Eugene Onegin".
74. Because of Dobrolyubov's article "When will the real day come?" Dedicated to the novel "On the Eve" and published by Nekrasov in Sovremennik, despite Turgenev's request not to do so.
75. Hamlet and Don Quixote. Insarov - Don Quixote, Rudin - Hamlet.
76. In Bazarov.
77. He kept a diary on behalf of Bazarov.
78. May 20, 1859
79. In 1848, after the death of his wife, Nikolai Petrovich went to France and was forced to return. In 1848, Princess R. died, Pavel Petrovich lost his memories.
80. "...against the nobility as an advanced class."
81. V. G. Belinsky.
82. "... a revolutionary."
83. Servant of the Kirsanovs Prokofich and his own serfs.
84. “... a workshop, and a person working in it”, “... 20 times more useful than any poet”, “... not worth a penny”, “... and the rest is all trifles”.
85. "... red", "... pink". Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich.
86. About spiritualized love.
87. No, he could not move away and forget, unlike Arkady.
88. "Red" - started a "farm".
89. On the cello. "Waiting" Schubert.
90. Pushkin, poem "Gypsies".
91. Nikolai Petrovich and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov.
92. Pushkin from "Eugene Onegin".
93. We are talking about the happy family life of Nikolai Petrovich and the stay of Pavel Petrovich in Russia after the break with Princess R.
94. Alexei Stolypin-Mongo, relative, friend and second of Lermontov, who was also enslaved by love, who also had a cult of his own person and who was dying out abroad in Florence.
95. An ashtray in the form of a rustic bast shoes.
96. Infatuation with Fenechka.
97. "Lace" (gooseberry).
98. Arkady compared the fall of a dry maple leaf with the flight of a butterfly and concluded: "... the saddest and most dead is similar to the most cheerful and alive."
99. "...and let it go out." To Odintsova.
100. Bazarov's mother about her son.
101. Enyusha, Enyushechka.
102. June 22, St. Eugene.
103. With Speransky.
104. Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky.
105. Nikolai Petrovich to his wife and Fenechka, Pavel Petrovich to Princess R. and Fenechka, Bazarov to Odintsova and Fenechka, Arkady to Odintsova and Katya.
106. That both of them are smart people and live by reason.
107. Both are childless, deprived of the feeling of motherhood, and Kukshina even says: "... thank God ... no children."
108. “Russia needs me... No, apparently not needed. And who is needed?
109. Hamlet.
110. Chatsky.
111. Demon.
112. The "anatomist" and "physiologist" of Russian life ruins himself when the corpse of a peasant is opened.
113. No, he was talking about burdock, but flowers and two Christmas trees grow.
114. "...passionate, sinful, rebellious."
115. Dostoevsky.
116. About P. P. Kirsanov.
117. M. Antonovich in Sovremennik. "Asmodeus of our time".
118. D. Pisarev. "Bazarov" and "Thinking Proletariat".
119. Mayakovsky.
120. "Rudin", "Noble Nest", "On the Eve" (about Elena), "Fathers and Sons".
121. "Nest of Nobles" and "On the Eve". When new people appear in Russia.
122. "Secret."
123. About L. N. Tolstoy.
124. "What to do?" Chernyshevsky.
125. Gogol.
126. About Herzen's "Past and Thoughts" and ST Aksakov's "Family Chronicle".
127. Aksakov family.
128. Actress M. Savina, whom Turgenev saw in the play "A Month in the Country" at the St. Petersburg Alexandrinsky Theater in 1879
129. "Smoke" (1867)
130. The story "Spring Waters" and the novel "Nov".
131. "...enlightenment."
132. Nezhdanov, disillusioned with populism.
133. This is a description of Lensky's death - “The shutters are closed, the windows are Whitewashed with chalk. There is no hostess ... ”(empty house).
134. Rudin dies nameless at the barricade in Paris.
135. "Fathers and Sons"
136. "Senilia" - old man's, senile.
137. With the dying Nekrasov.
138. "Threshold" - about a young revolutionary.
139. "In memory of Yu. P. Vrevskaya".
140. Pushkin ("To the Poet"), Myatlev ("Rose") and Gogol ("Dead Souls"), but Gogol's - "Oh, my youth!"
141. "Great, mighty, truthful and free."
142. "Sparrow" - about how a sparrow saved her chick that had fallen out of the nest, blocking it from the dog.
143. a) "... does not repeat itself"; b) "... happy"; c) "... love"; d) "... manage"; e) "... money"; f) "... to suffer."
144. "... oak", "... motherland".
145. Belinsky, at the Volkov cemetery in St. Petersburg.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev lived his life in a struggle with circumstances and with himself. We offer you to take a look at how successful the “battle for the soul” turned out to be, and what price did the Russian classic have to pay for his weaknesses?

Mother

The despotic Varvara Petrovna was the worst example not only of a Russian landowner, but also of a mother. Everyone suffered from her tyranny: from serfs to her beloved son Ivan. The peasants who did not break their hats went to Siberia, and the disobedient son, who did not want to serve at first, and then did not return from a trip abroad for a long time, is deprived of his livelihood. Little Ivan's mother "tore" with her own hands almost daily. However, for a long time Turgenev managed to resist the desire to rebel against his parent. She commands and he goes to Germany to continue his studies. Then, again trying to please his mother, not too zealously seeks a place in the Ministry of the Interior in the department of the ethnographer Dahl. Soon, however, he resigns and receives punishment for his desire to engage in "paperwork" - his mother reduces the monthly allowance so much that he can hardly pay for his own lunch. Before her death, Varvara Petrovna will “give” to her two sons - Nikolai, who retired and “lived at random” and Ivan, who “dragged after the singer” and lived abroad - on the estate, however, without signing the deeds and selling for next to nothing stocks for the future sowing campaign. Turgenev will not be able to accept - in the heat of a quarrel, he will leave his mother: “Who are you not torturing? Everyone!”, to which she hears from Varvara Petrovna, who has turned white with anger: “I have no children!” The son will make several attempts to reconcile with his mother - in the hope of a conversation, he will walk 18 miles from his father's small estate Turgenevo every day. But the mother will soon die, leaving no orders, never forgiving her disobedient son.

Pauline Viardot

For success in the literary field, Turgenev will have to pay a high price. His "passion" for the role of "Russian friend" will last for almost 40 years. Obsession with Pauline Viardot will dictate its own rules. He will be presented to the opera diva on November 1, 1843 - and from that moment on, life will never be the same. He will become her most devoted admirer, spending long hours on the third paw of a polar bear, whose skin was spread on the floor of his "angel's" St. Petersburg dressing room. Trying to outshine the more successful admirers of Viardot, he will be generous with gifts and flowers. In pursuit of personal happiness, with a barely glimmering hope for reciprocity, he will follow the "inimitable" to Europe. Over time, he will become a good friend of the Viardot family. Experiencing material difficulties, he will live at their expense, and having received an inheritance, he will be able to thank his friends. Life in the Courtavnel castle, 60 kilometers from the French capital, will be the best time for Turgenev: his beloved woman is nearby, he breathes the same air with her, he hears her divine singing every evening. He is happy, although for a long time he receives only royal indulgence. Turgenev will not be able to overcome this temptation, harboring the hope that sooner or later he will completely possess this woman. He will get what he wants, however, for a very short time.

Fear

In a critical situation, Turgenev will not be able to defeat his instinctive fear either. He will go to study in Germany by ship. The fire that started on the ship and the panic that gripped everyone will force the young Turgenev to show cowardice. He will desperately push passengers aside, trying to be the first to take a place in a lifeboat, not noticing children and women in distress among the distressed. The horror of the fire dictates only one desire - to be saved. Later, in the autobiographical story “Fire at Sea,” he writes: “I remember that I grabbed the sailor’s hand and promised him ten thousand rubles on behalf of my mother if he managed to save me.” Fortunately, no one will suffer, but the bitter feeling of shame will be added to the joy of salvation, which will poison Turgenev's life for many years to come.

Copper pipes

Did Turgenev dream of one day reaching the glory of the greatest? Of course, but can you blame him for this? He will show his first poem, The Steno, written in imitation of Byron's Manfred, to the professor of Russian literature, Pletnev. Pletnev, benevolent and possessing a wonderful flair, will find the work mediocre, however, he will recommend the author to continue the search and even invite him to one of the literary evenings. It was in the entrance hall of Pletnev that Turgenev would first see Pushkin, his idol. A little earlier, he would attend Gogol's lecture on world history and be extremely disappointed to see a man whispering something incoherently, terribly embarrassed, who, among other things, had little understanding of the subject he was talking about. Later, he will meet Dostoevsky, who will seem to him pretentious, awkward and ridiculous. Dostoevsky will become for Turgenev the personification of what he did not accept in people: verbosity, lack of tact, extravagance. Then he will not yet know that it is Dostoevsky who will become his main rival in his literary career. Turgenev worked at the same time as Tolstoy and Nekrasov, Fet and Dobrolyubov, Emile Zola and Prosper Merimee, Flaubert, Guy de Maupassant, James, Thackeray, Dickens. And he will become a classic of Russian literature, writing "A Hunter's Notes", "A Nest of Nobles", "On the Eve", "Fathers and Sons". He will translate a lot, opening up Russian literature for Europeans and bestowing on his compatriots the best works of Western classics.

Friends

Of the entire galaxy of celebrities who surrounded Turgenev, relations with many grew from purely business to friendly. However, the vulnerable and subjective Ivan Sergeevich could decisively stop any relations with friends without understanding the motivation for the act or not accepting the opinion. So, after the publication of an article by Dobrolyubov in Sovremennik, in which criticism of The Eve was voiced, Turgenev will put Nekrasov before a choice, and when he chooses Dobrolyubov, Ivan Sergeevich will leave Sovremennik and stop communicating with his best friend. Already for 10 years, Turgenev quarreled with Dostoevsky because of disagreement with the themes and characters of the novel "Smoke". For a long 17 years, Turgenev will stop communicating with Leo Tolstoy - a quarrel will begin because of the difference in views on the methods of education. In particular, Tolstoy considers the situation insincere when a “dressed girl” (Turgenev’s illegitimate daughter) repairs the clothes of the poor. The remark will hurt Turgenev extremely: he will lose his self-control, sharply answer, although this was not characteristic of his nature, and, allegedly, even rush at Tolstoy with his fists. The case could have ended in a duel, but, fortunately, the murder did not take place. Interestingly, however, it was not usually Turgenev who took the first steps towards reconciliation.

Revolution

The French Revolution of 1848 found Turgenev in Brussels, and half an hour later he was already rushing to Paris to witness fundamental changes. But when he saw blood, massacres, vain sacrifices, the obsession of his friend Bakunin, who rejoiced in the riot of the oppressed masses, Turgenev realized that he was not capable of active struggle, decisive action, and most importantly, he was not ready to go to extremes. Peaceful by nature and prone to reflection, he undoubtedly dreamed of a better world and a different life for people, however, he was not a supporter of revolutionary bloodshed. Contemplation of the French events allowed him to clearly realize that his vocation is reflection, love and work. Interestingly, having become the full owner of the Spasskoye estate after the death of his mother, he will give only a few peasants the opportunity to pay off. Yes, he condemned serfdom, however, like many people of that time, he believed that men left to their own devices would disappear. Extreme measures and decisive actions were clearly not for Turgenev. He preferred humility and contemplation.

Daughter

And yet, sometimes he rebelled, violated prohibitions (for example, published a forbidden obituary on Gogol's death), went against circumstances, succumbed to temptations, but got up and continued on his way. Turgenev's attitude towards his illegitimate daughter, whom he "pulled out" from the tenacious "embraces" of his grandmother, who treated the girl as a servant, can serve as a vivid illustration of correcting a mistake. Turgenev first sent Pelageya to St. Petersburg, and then asked Pauline Viardot to take her daughter up. So a Russian girl with a new name Polinetta (or Polina) ended up in France. True, after the death of her father, the young lady fell into an extremely difficult financial situation, because Turgenev bequeathed his fortune to Pauline Viardot. And he could not overcome this passion. However, if Turgenev had resisted all temptations, then he would not have been a man, but a saint.

Vinogradova Elizaveta, student of MKOU secondary school No. 3 p. Dinvnoe

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The life and work of Turgenev is a true tragedy, still not properly understood by mankind.

The "real" Turgenev remained, and remains, unknown.

And yet, who is Turgenev? What do we know about him? At best, someone carefully read the biography in the textbook, but there are only dry facts.
My grandmother, a passionate admirer of his work, introduced me to Turgenev's works. These were stories from the Hunter's Notes.

Landscape sketches, memorable images, expressive and emotional language - all this sunk into my soul. I wanted to get acquainted with other works of this great writer.

E Turgenev's only great love, which he never betrayed, was Russian nature, his muse and inspiration.

Indeed, it is difficult not to describe such beauty. A hunter at heart, Ivan Sergeevich could not remain indifferent to the surrounding areas.

. And this unexpressed love delight poured out on paper in the form of amazing landscape sketches. For example:
"...together with the dew, a scarlet gleam falls on the glades, recently drenched in streams of liquid gold..."

How vividly, colorfully and vividly this landscape is described! Reading these lines, you can easily imagine this unique picture. “The singer of Russian nature, Turgenev, with such poetic power and spontaneity, showed the captivating beauty and charm of the Russian landscape, like no prose writer before him,” wrote the great critic.
"Notes of a Hunter" is a truly brilliant creation of the artist of the peasant soul, who depicted a picture of contrasts and harmony of the amazing Russian character, combining an untouched natural principle, heroic strength and at the same time sensitivity and vulnerability.
A peasant who can be loved, who can be admired, who lives by nature, beauty, sincerity and love, this is how Turgenev sees the Russian people, not hiding his feelings, admiring and wondering at him, sometimes even shedding a hot tear.
The narrator, whose voice we hear from the pages of the Hunter's Notes, describes nature as a person who subtly feels the beauty of his country. He knows as much about nature as any of the peasants.
The writer reveals himself as a true connoisseur of his characters, he plays with each situation in such a way that one or another trait of the national character manifests itself as brightly as possible. Turgenev refuses to generalize, he draws his heroes as original representatives of the nation.
Turgenev especially depicts the peasantry in the story "Singers". Here, the reader’s eyes see a contrast between reality, everyday sketches and the beauty and purity of the spiritual world of a simple peasant: “I must admit that at no time of the year did Kolotovka present a delightful sight, but it excites a particularly sad feeling when the July sparkling sun floods and floods with its inexorable rays brown, half-swept roofs of houses, and this deep ravine, and a scorched, dusty pasture, along which thin, long-legged hens hopelessly wander, and a gray aspen log house with holes instead of windows, the remnant of the former manor house, all around overgrown with nettles, weeds and wormwood ... " . Against the background of the rough reality that makes up the external life of the peasants, their inner world is revealed, the ability to feel the beauty and admire the touching Russian song pouring from the very depths of the soul.
The heroes of Bezhina Meadow merge with nature, feeling it and living in it. The writer shows children who are closest to the natural beginning, Turgenev depicts their bright characters, gives capacious characteristics, noting the speech of peasant boys, in which everything breathes with an unfeigned sense of naturalness and some naivety. Even nature responds to the stories that the boys listen to with bated breath, without doubting their veracity, as if confirming a belief or a mysterious incident: “Everyone was silent. Suddenly, somewhere in the distance, there was a lingering, ringing, almost groaning sound, one of those incomprehensible nocturnal sounds that sometimes arise amid deep silence, rise, stand in the air and slowly spread at last, as if fading ... The boys looked at each other, shuddered. . Even the hunter himself, an experienced person, believes in signs: the merging of folk signs and the atmosphere in which the heroes of the story live is so natural.
It is impossible to remain indifferent to the sincere world of the soul, which is revealed in every small detail, in the speech and actions of Turgenev's characters. The writer loves the people, he believes in him, playing the strings of his heart, he proves that there is no darkness and downtroddenness, blind humility and humility in him; everything that is bad in the Russian peasant is due to the conditions of existence. On the pages of the Hunter's Notes, the people live with their heart and soul, being able to find outlets in the impenetrable darkness, without getting lost in it and without becoming spiritually poor.

But here is a work of a completely different nature. Which contains a deep philosophical meaning of the appointment of a person, about the ability to forgive and be forgiven.

The story of I. S. Turgenev: “Living Powers” ​​was once highly appreciated by George Sand for the plot. Russian criticism is dominated by religious and patriotic assessments.

Lukerya, a yard girl of a village landowner, a beauty, a singer, a dancer, a clever girl, in love with a guy, engaged to him, on the eve of her wedding at the age of 21, she accidentally fell, fell ill, “cruel stone immobility” shackled her, and now she lies alone in an old barn She has been away from the village for seven years now, eats almost nothing, and is sometimes looked after by an orphan girl. Being on the hunt, her master came into the barn to Lukerya. He saw a “bronze face”, “fingers-sticks”, “metal cheeks” - not a person, but an “icon of an old letter”, “living relics”. Their conversation reveals to the reader the amazing soul of a girl who creates life apart from her dying body. Suffering did not harden her. As a gift from God, she accepts torment. Through him, he understands the meaning of his life in a new way. And it seems to her that while suffering, she repeats the feat of Jesus, Joan of Arc. But what truth does she carry? The answer to this question is the meaning of the story.

Withered, half-dead, it perceives the world mainly through smells, sounds, color, rarely through the life of animals, plants, people. Lukerya told her story almost cheerfully, without oohs and sighs, without complaining in the least and without asking for participation. She conquered pain with a poetic feeling, the ability to be surprised, delighted, and laugh. With extreme effort, she could even sing a song, cry, make fun of herself. She taught an orphan girl caring for her to sing songs. She seemed to be doing some duty.

How does Lukerya answer the world? Paralyzed Lukerya - the courage to live. She turns her unhappiness into a way to be happy. Through the ability to overcome suffering, she affirms life on earth, understands this, and in this understanding her happiness. In the courage to be happy is her answer to the world.

Pairing himself with the world, Lukerya believes that he is fulfilling some kind of moral duty. Which?

She is not particularly concerned with the God of the church. Father Alexei, a priest, decided not to confess her - she was not the right person; the Christian calendar gave and took away, because he sees that it is of little use. And although she constantly feels the presence of "heaven" in her life, her thought is not focused on "heaven", on herself. Lukerya's human duty is to live, suffering and overcoming suffering.

She refused to go to the hospital. She doesn't want to be pitied. He doesn't pray much, he doesn't see much point in it. He does not know many prayers: “Our Father”, “Virgin Mary”, “Akathist”. “Yes, and what will the Lord God bore me with? What can I ask him? He knows better than me what I need ... ". And at the same time, he believes that no one will help a person if he does not help himself. Everyone is satisfied.

Turgenev here interprets the gospel idea that Jesus suffered for all people when he voluntarily ascended the cross. Lukerya pities everyone: his ex-fiance Vasya, who married a healthy woman, and a swallow killed by a hunter, and land-poor peasants, and an orphan girl, and all the serfs. Suffering and regretting, she lives in the world, and not in her pain - this is her moral feat. And happiness. And the divine she suffered.

Lukerya is one of Turgenev's interpretations of the image of Jesus. She is a poetic person. “Only I am alive!”, “And it seems to me that it will dawn on me”, “Thinking will come like a cloud will shed”, - only a poet can speak with such images-“pictures”. And in this Turgenev did not deviate from the truth - Jesus was a poet. The meaning of Jesus, Lukerya, Echo is a way to fulfill the duty to which the poet is called by his sacrificial soul.

Amazing ending to the story.

Turgenev's story repeats the tragic fate of Jesus, Joan of Arc, Pushkin, Lermontov, Turgenev himself, and all the poets of the world.

This is a way for a person to comprehend the search for the divine in himself through the sacrificial feat of love for people as through a new measure of the divine. But the feat of love is within the power of only those who are able to let the cross, and the fire, and many years of stone immobility, and the worst thing - “no response!” Through his poetic soul.

Why are Turgenev's works so true? Maybe because the author experienced or saw everything that happens himself. Turgenev once said: "My entire biography is in my writings." It seems to me that this is indeed the case. For example,November 1, 1843 Turgenev meets the singerPauline Viardot (Viardot Garcia), love for which will largely determine the external course of his life.

Forever Turgenev connected with the great artist a great, ardent love. She brought a lot of happiness to the writer, but happiness and sorrow, joy and despair walked side by side. The beloved woman could not become Turgenev's wife: she had children and a husband. And their relationship retained the purity and charm of true friendship, behind which lurked a high feeling of love.

“When I am gone, when everything that was me crumbles to dust - oh you, my only friend, oh you, whom I loved so deeply and so tenderly, you who will probably outlive me - do not go to my grave. ."

This prose poem was dedicated to the beloved woman - Pauline Viardot.

Love is invariably present in Turgenev's stories. However, it rarely ends happily: the writer brings a touch of tragedy to the love theme. Love in the image of Turgenev is a cruel and wayward force that plays with human destinies. This is an unusual, violent element that equalizes people, regardless of their position, character, intellect, internal appearance.

Before this element, the most diverse people often turn out to be defenseless: the democrat Bazarov and the aristocrat Pavel Petrovich are equally unhappy (“Fathers and Sons”), it is difficult to come to terms with their fate for a young, naive girl, Liza Kalitina, and an experienced, mature man, nobleman Lavretsky, who is ready was to a new life in his homeland ("Noble Nest").
Lonely, with broken hopes and a vain dream of happiness, remains Mr. N.N., the hero of the story "Asya". When you read the story, it seems that the whole meaning of it lies in the famous Pushkin phrase - “And happiness was so possible, so close ...” Tatyana says it in “Eugene Onegin”, forever separating her fate from the fate of her chosen one. The hero of Turgenev finds himself in a similar situation. From his unfulfilled dream, only a farewell note and a dried geranium flower remain, which he sacredly keeps.
Having read such works by Turgenev as “The Noble Nest”, “On the Eve”, “First Love”, “Spring Waters”, I saw how poetically, how subtly the writer draws the feeling of love. Love that brings a person both joy and sorrow, making him better, purer, sublime. Only one who himself experienced this feeling in all its beauty and strength could write about love in this way. Most often in the stories and novels of Turgenev, love is tragic. Undoubtedly, this was the life drama of the writer.
I must say that I prefer books that touch on the theme of love, and therefore I would like to devote my essay to such works.
One of the first Turgenev novels was the novel "The Nest of Nobles". He was an exceptional success, and, it seems to me, not by chance. “Nowhere did the poetry of a dying noble estate overflow with such a calm and sad light as in The Noble Nest,” Belinsky wrote. Before us is a detailed description of the life of a kind and quiet Russian gentleman Fyodor Ivanovich Lavretsky.

The meeting with the beautiful Varvara Pavlovna abruptly turned his whole fate upside down. He married, but the marriage soon ended in a break through the fault of Varvara Pavlovna. It was not easy for him to survive the family drama. But now a new love has come, the story of which is the plot core of the novel: Lavretsky met Lisa Kalitina.
Lisa was a deeply religious girl. This shaped her inner world. Her attitude to life and people was determined by resigned obedience to a sense of duty, fear of causing someone suffering, offending.
Misled by false news of the death of Varvara Pavlovna, Lavretsky is about to marry a second time, but then his wife suddenly appears. The sad ending has come. Liza went to a monastery; Lavretsky stopped thinking about his own happiness, calmed down, grew old, withdrew. The last feature that completes his image is his bitter appeal to himself: “Hello, lonely old age! Burn down, useless life!"

Most recently, I read another wonderful story by Turgenev - "Spring Waters". What drew me to this story? Turgenev, within the framework of a story about love, poses broad life questions, raises important problems of our time.

I must say that Turgenev's female types are stronger natures than male ones.

Turgenev found high words, poetic colors to depict the feelings of lovers. The author sings of this wonderful and unique feeling - first love: “First love is the same revolution ... youth stands on the barricade, its bright banner curls high - and no matter what awaits it ahead - death or new life - it sends everything your enthusiastic greetings.
But Sanin betrays this great feeling. He meets the brilliant beauty Mrs. Polozova, and attraction to her makes him abandon Gemma. Polozova is shown not only as a depraved woman, but also as a serf-owner, as a clever businesswoman. She is a predator both in her business practices and in love. The world of Gemma is the world of freedom, the world of the rich woman Polozova is the world of slavery. But it is not only love that Sanin betrays. He also betrayed those ideals that were sacred to Gemma. To get married, Sanin must raise funds. And he decides to sell his estate to Polozova. This also meant the sale of his serfs. But Sanin used to say that selling living people is immoral.

I would advise my peers to read at least a few stories by this wonderful writer, and I am sure that these works will not leave them indifferent. In any case, acquaintance with these most talented works was a turning point in my life. I suddenly discovered what an enormous spiritual wealth is hidden in our literature, if it contains such talents as Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.

It is customary to say that art is tested by time. This is true.

But after all, time itself is a thing not only “unusually long”, but also complex. Now we know how much relativity is in this concept and how differently we experience this reality - time. Absorbed in our daily affairs - large and small - we usually do not notice it. And most often this happens under the influence of genuine art.
Russia, as Turgenev knew it, changed in a way that it had not changed, perhaps a whole thousand years before him. In essence, everything that we meet in the foreground of his works is irrevocably a thing of the past. Time has long since destroyed the last remnants of the overwhelming majority of those lordly estates that so often met on the roads of this writer; the very bad memory of the landowners and of the nobility as a whole in our time has very noticeably lost in its social acuteness.

And the Russian village is no longer the same.
But it turns out that the fate of his heroes, so far from our life, excites the most immediate interest in us; it turns out that everything that Turgenev hated is, in the end, hated by us too; what he considered good is most often so from our point of view. The writer has conquered time.

That is why native nature, magnificent landscapes, wonderful types of Russian people, life, customs, folklore, inexplicable charm, spilled like sunlight - there is a lot of this in Turgenev's works, and all this is written easily, freely, as if all this is even uncomplicated but really deep and serious.

Recently, the world celebrated the 200th anniversary of the great Russian writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. More than one generation of people grew up on his works, which have become classics of world fiction. In this review, we have collected interesting facts from his biography, which allow us to see the writer as a person - on the one hand, high in his actions and thoughts, but also endowed with certain shortcomings, on the other.

"Mothers and Children"

The writer had a difficult relationship with his own mother all his life. His father, Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev, married the rich old maid Lutovinova (the bride who sat in the girls was already 28 years old!). Varvara Petrovna was 6 years older than her husband and remained a real domestic tyrant all her life. Ivan Sergeevich wrote in his memoirs:

“I have nothing to remember my childhood. Not a single happy memory. I was afraid of my mother like fire. I was punished for every trifle - in a word, they drilled me like a recruit. A rare day passed without a rod; when I dared to ask why I was punished, my mother categorically stated: “You better know about it, guess.”

Probably, the mother became the "muse" thanks to which Turgenev hated serfdom and fought against it in all ways available to him. It was she who he described in the image of a lady in the story "Mu-mu". He completely stopped relations with her after, for the solemn meeting of her son, the imperious woman lined up all the serfs along the driveway with the order to greet Ivan Sergeyevich with loud cries. Immediately turning around and leaving back to Petersburg, Turgenev did not see his mother again until her death.

Real male passion

It seems that besides literature, Turgenev's true passion was hunting. The writer indulged in this hobby constantly, a lot and willingly. For the sake of hunting expeditions, he traveled around the Orel, Tula, Tambov, Kursk, Kaluga provinces, and also studied the best lands of England, France and Germany, trying to recreate the atmosphere and rituals of Russian hunting abroad. He kept a kennel for almost 150 dogs (hounds and greyhounds). In addition to fiction, which glorified hunting, he was the author of three specialized books on this subject. Tempting his fellow writers with this occupation, he even created a kind of hunting circle, which included Nekrasov, Fet, Ostrovsky, Nikolai and Lev Tolstoy, the artist P. P. Sokolov (the first illustrator of the Hunter's Notes).

It is known that in 1843, at the time of meeting Pauline Viardot, a mutual friend introduced him like this: “This is a young Russian landowner. Glorious hunter and bad poet"(Turgenev at the beginning of his literary activity was going to become a poet and wrote poems that were published in Sovremennik).

Character features

Turgenev was a perfect illustration of the idea that genius should be scattered. This trait of his reached the point of absurdity. However, contemporaries for his forgetfulness found other, less flattering terms, for example, "all-Russian negligence" and "Oblomovism." It was said that the writer could invite guests to dinner and forget about it, going about his business. Several times he, having taken an advance payment for the manuscript, simply did not give it to print. And once, due to the optionality of the famous writer, the Russian revolutionary Arthur Benny was seriously injured, since Turgenev did not bring a letter to London justifying the slander against him, having forgotten the envelope at home.

At the age of 20, Turgenev showed society an example of obvious cowardice, the trace of this event for a long time then cast a shadow on his reputation. In 1838, while traveling in Germany, the young writer sailed on a ship. There was a fire, which, fortunately, was quickly extinguished, but during the panic, Turgenev, according to eyewitnesses, behaved not at all like a gentleman, pushing women and children near the lifeboats. He bribed a sailor, promising him a reward from his rich mother if he would save him. Having safely reached the shore, he was immediately ashamed of his momentary weakness, but rumors about her and ridicule could no longer be stopped. As a true writer, Turgenev creatively reworked this life lesson of his and described it in the short story Fire at Sea.

Features of physiology

After the death of the brilliant writer, his body was examined by Sergei Petrovich Botkin himself and it turned out that the French doctors made a mistake with the diagnosis. In recent years, Turgenev was treated for angina pectoris and intercostal neuralgia. Botkin wrote in conclusion that "The true cause of death was determined only after the autopsy", it turned out to be microsarcoma of the spine.

At the same time, a study of the writer's brain was carried out. It turned out that his weight was 2012 grams, which is about 600 grams more than the average person. This fact has made its way into many anatomy textbooks, although physiologists are wary of the idea of ​​a direct link between intelligence and brain size.

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