The story "Matryonin Dvor" refers to the early period of the writer's work. This small work leaves not only a heavy aftertaste or bitterness when reading due to unfairly arranged human relations, but also evokes bright feelings, the hope that the Russian land will not become impoverished with kindness and holiness, as long as there are women like Matryona in Rus'.
The events in the village of Talnovo are reported to readers by the teacher Ignatich, who arrived in a remote corner after wandering around the camps. He rents an apartment from a lonely middle-aged woman and unwittingly becomes a "biographer" of a peasant woman from the hinterland, a new symbol of the strength and beauty of the female soul in provincial Russia in the fifties of the XX century.
The fate of the women of Russia during the war and post-war period, for the most part, could not be happy and easy. It is clear that the difficulties and sorrows of this period in the rear areas fell on women's shoulders. And Matryona, like many, lost her husband and the very hope of changing her life for the better. Any person is afraid to think about helplessness, loneliness in old age, and Matryona tried not to think about it. Daily household chores, work, willingness to help everyone who needs her help, saved the woman from longing and gloomy thoughts. Matryona steadfastly kept afloat, floundered in difficulties and got out of them, from this abyss of hopelessness. She lost her children early, they died one after another in childhood, and maternal feelings and the ability to love did not fade away, because Matryona takes the girl Kira from the family of her former fiancé, her husband's brother, to raise. Kira's parents agree, because this help is disinterested: Matryona does not adopt the girl, but in their family there is one less eater. And the woman gladly assumes the hard work of a single mother, the responsibility for raising a child. In this, she sees the meaning and essence of life, wanting to be needed in order to give her love and care to close people and everyone around her.
The kindness, responsiveness and decency of Matryona are often used by people who are not burdened with conscience, but she does not want to see this. Often among them were those who cannot be called in need of support and help. Strange, but it is greedy, greedy people who are ready to rob even such a low-income woman as Matryona. After all, the state did not pay her a pension either, because “in the filthy book of the collective farm accountant” the salary did not appear, but only “sticks”, that is, marks for the days worked. So, due to the thoughtlessness of the leadership in rural areas, many workers remained unfairly offended: there are many workdays, but no pension is due. You could fight for your rights, collect documents, witnesses, but Matryona did not know how to stand up for herself, and she had no time to deal with red tape when there were many other things to do. She never refused to go to collective farm work again, if called, although her health was lost, she became an invalid.
In comparison with other women from the same village, Matryona had her own scale of values: in her youth, she “did not chase after outfits”; in marriage, she did not seek to take care of herself and gave the best piece to her husband and children; “did not accumulate property”, did not acquire a household, having only a goat. None of the villagers guessed that it was she who needed help, a lonely elderly woman who finds it difficult to keep not only a cow, but also a goat. To prepare hay for the winter, save firewood for heating the hut, stock up on pickles, mushrooms and berries is not easy even for a young, healthy person.
The selfless characters of Russian women have always been found in literature. But if Nekrasov's peasant woman, capable of stopping a "running horse", was also "a beauty, marvelous to the world", then Solzhenitsyn's heroine is the most ordinary, unremarkable. Moreover, she is unsightly, and absurd, and useless, according to others, because she looks like a holy fool: she didn’t grab anything for herself from earthly blessings. The author contrasts this woman with all her prosperous relatives dividing her property. And they began to take away the "acquisitions" of Matryona during her lifetime. It turned out that life itself was taken away. This fact is very symbolic in Solzhenitsyn, as a warning to all living people: you can’t ruin a person’s house, divide an inheritance when a person is still alive. This is not only not human, not Christian, but it is also disgusting: as if they want a person to die.
Matryona's relatives decided to worsen her already miserable existence. Thaddeus, Kira's father, confident in his daughter's rights to the inheritance, wanted to take her share (the upper room) in advance so that others would not take it, because the sisters of Matryona "released their claws" both on the house and on the plot. So they began to "cut to the quick", to separate the kitchen from the upper room. They were in a hurry, no one asked what the hostess herself was feeling at that time. And Matryona, with her disinterestedness, did not think about herself, again she substituted her shoulder, although it was not a woman’s business to push out a load stuck on the railway tracks. The heroine dies absurdly along with the tractor driver and the son of Thaddeus, and the upper room, a piece of snatched inheritance, became the price of the lives of three people.
AI Solzhenitsyn highly appreciated the contribution of one person, a simple village woman, to the moral treasury of all mankind. There will be no spiritual or economic flourishing of civilization without the spiritual wealth of individuals. And the modest, loving, disinterested soul of Matryona in the world of greedy, selfish people is a reproach to their cynicism and immorality. By her very existence, Matryona served the society, reminding about the true values of human life.
Reviews
I don’t remember now where I read “Matryonin Dvor”. But it was some kind of typewritten work. And I thought: so that's what Isaich was sent for! And then I remembered the words of Sholokhov in Litgazeta, where he criticizes the story for its idea. Say, how does some rural teacher know the basics of the collective farm system. And he himself rewrote "Virgin Soil Upturned" five times for the same reason. And I also thought: what a mighty human being! He writes "They fought for Rolina", completes the third volume of "Quiet Don", arranges for publication "Don stories", builds a new school in the village and the road to Vyoshenskaya.
And I remembered the words of my maternal uncle, Pyotr Ivanovich: YES, did he write all this!? He has three laborers-clerks in the service. How can he, an illiterate man, express himself so well?
And this worm of doubt is still moving somewhere in my soul.
Exercise .
Read an essay on the topic “Why does the author call Matryona a righteous man?”. (According to the story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor".)
Composition 1.
Many writers tried to create a work in which the main character would be so positive that they would call him a righteous man. A. I. Solzhenitsyn managed to do this. Having written the work “Matryonin Dvor” and having built a wonderful composition, the author was able to prove to the reader that Matryona, the main character of the work, is the righteous one. But who are they? Why are they different from ordinary people, saints? The righteous are holy people who live on earth, leading an ideal lifestyle, but they cannot become deities, because they do not want to give up people and work. So why does the author call Matryona the righteous?
A. I. Solzhenitsyn calls her that because the main character is ready to sacrifice herself for the sake of others. Matryona is an ideal example for all people, because she was not afraid and saved the hut in exchange for her life.
Matryona was an ordinary woman who lived in the village. She loved to work very much, kept a goat, helped all the villagers. Matryona was always sick, her back always failed once a month, and the heroine could not even get up. But even despite this pain, Matrena continued to work and help. Everyone goes to ask her advice or for help, and she never refuses anyone. Such diligence is to be commended on our part. That's part of her nature.
Matryona loved her hut very much. For her, it was the memory of her husband, who did not return from the war. Matryona always protected her, but one day her husband's brother came and asked to give part of the hut to his adopted daughter. Matryona could not refuse, because her daughter was in another city, the main character loved her very much. This is what killed Matryona. When they were transporting logs, the cart got stuck in the rails, and an oncoming train was walking nearby. Matryona died there.
The conflict between Matryona and her husband's brother was resolved. The daughter got the hut, everyone in the village cried after the death of Matryona, but there was no grief in their souls. They tried to show sadness, while they themselves were already thinking about how to separate the house and the land.
All these fragments of Matryona's life showed readers what kind of life Matryona led. Although she helped everyone and refused no one, she still died a tragic death, protecting the most precious thing she has.
Thus, the author shows Matryona as a righteous man not by chance. She was kind and brave in her life. Matryona was worthy of a better life and death, but this is what tempered her, made her stronger. Such people should be righteous.
Essay 2.
The story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn “Matryonin Dvor” is permeated with sincerity and moral purity of the main character. Even the original title of the work - "A village does not stand without a righteous man" emphasized, clearly indicated that Matryona had the features of a righteous person.
Throughout the story, Matryona appears before us as a person who loves her life, loves the people who surround her and whom she is ready to selflessly help every minute, no matter what. The author compares Matryona with a righteous woman, because her mental and spiritual qualities surpass those of all the others who lived in her village. Those people were far from the spiritual, they were only interested in the material and property. They strove to dress in beautiful clothes, to have household and household items better than others, but Matryona was not like that, she strove for moral satisfaction and a clear conscience before God:
“I didn’t chase the outfits. Behind clothes that embellish villains and freaks.
A righteous person is a person who did not have sins or who atoned for them:
“Matryona had fewer sins than her cat, she caught mice.”
Also, Matryona did not seem to believe in God very much, but on occasion she remembered him, prayed sometimes. Matryona is simple, naive, and everyone condemned her for this, but she lived as her heart told her.
Matryona is a woman who lived through an extremely difficult fate, who went through many difficulties and obstacles in her path. But she, unlike others, was able to maintain humanity, humanity, sensuality and compassion. Perhaps her life will seem modest to someone, but she felt needed and lived it. Most likely, the same person can be found in every village, and the fact that he does not live for himself, but sacrifices himself for other people, wasting his time and energy on them, he can be called a righteous man.
Nettle Misha's essay "Matryona is a righteous man, without whom the village does not stand"
Matrena is a righteous man, without whom the village does not stand
I read A.I. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryona's Dvor". This story teaches us patience, endurance, diligence and faith in life. In this work, the author describes to us an ordinary rural life and its inhabitants. The main character of the story is Matryona.
Matrona is an extraordinary person. She is very hardworking and willing to help anyone. Moreover, he does not charge for his work. She had a difficult life, but she knew how to overcome obstacles. Solzhenitsyn's Matrena is an optimist. Even after losing her husband, she found joy in life. This is the person who cannot sit idle. She didn't have much, but she found value in life. Matrena, like all villagers, was afraid of death.
In the village, people treated her coldly, despite the fact that she helped everyone. The villagers disliked her because she was not like everyone else. Matryona was considered a white crow. People didn't like that she lived differently. She did not have a pig, Matryona ate only potatoes. They said that her husband had left her. In society, they like it when everything is the same for everyone and that no one stands out.
The author liked Matryona. He wrote: "She had a radiant smile." Not only for this smile, the writer loved Matryona, but also for her gaiety, energy and optimism. After all, after all, Matryona got a difficult fate. She lost six children. Ignatich got used to her, her way of life, her habits.
The writer saw in Matryona her best qualities and, unlike the villagers, could appreciate them, because he was "out of this world". Although the author got used to Matryona, he did not fully understand why the inhabitants did not like her.
At the end of the story, the author called Matryona a person without whom the village cannot live. Matrena was an integral part of the village. She tried to help everyone. She could kill herself in order to get another out of trouble. Her feelings were sincere, and therefore she can be called a righteous man.
From the site administration
Why is Matryona called a righteous woman in Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryona's Dvor" and why is her image so touching for a Russian? The righteous have always been called people who observed moral purity during their lifetime, selflessly served their neighbors and brought goodness and light to the world. But in the understanding of a Russian person, the concept of righteousness is also necessarily associated with sacrifice and simplicity. It is this image that Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva, the mistress of the hut, in which the narrator settled, carries in herself. The life of Matryona, about which she tells at first reluctantly, fearing that the history of her path will seem uninteresting to a cultural visitor, greatly surprises the teacher (narrator). In her youth, Matryona was supposed to marry Thaddeus, whom she loved very much, but by coincidence, she had to marry Thaddeus's younger brother, Yefim. Since Yefim did not return from the war, Matryona took up the daughter of Thaddeus, whom she loved as her own. All her life, Matryona helped her neighbors, worked hard on the collective farm, and came to the aid of her neighbors. She could drive away the neighbor's pigs that ran into the garden or put out the rotting manure, without demanding a monetary reward in return.
The author notes that she had incredible inner strength and the ability to telekinesis. The story ends with Matryona, still being quite a strong old woman, bequeathing her hut to Thaddeus' daughter. The latter turned out to be a complete scoundrel and decided, during the life of Matryona, to transport her hut to the young. Matryona herself helps in transporting logs and dies at a railway crossing.
Therefore, the author calls Matryona a righteous woman, that she even helps to translate her own house, wanting to do a good deed. But since the people never particularly respected the righteous, even Thaddeus does not come to Matryona's funeral, and neighbors and guests at the funeral only discuss how her property will be divided. From this, the reader can conclude that the main thing in life is money and kindness.
In Solzhenitsyn's story, it is very well shown that one does not need to be such a loser and generally join a collective farm. If Matryona had gone into the forest and started a guerrilla war, raised cows and bought a separator, she would have had money and power, and Thaddeus would not only respect her, but would massage her well-groomed legs every evening.
Despite the fact that Solzhenitsyn was, in general, a good guy and even served time for his correct position, he could not directly convey the axiom of happiness in life. It even seems to some that he is trying to convey to the reader that it is best to be a submissive slave. Calling Matryona a righteous woman, he seems to be hinting at his great nature, which, by the will of happy circumstances, made it possible to write down Matrona's unsightly fate. But if he had not met on her life path, she would have simply been dug up and no one would even remember. Therefore, when Solzhenitsyn calls Matryona a righteous woman, he actually means himself.
Who is a righteous person? Explanatory dictionaries define the concept of "righteous" as follows: a person who always observes the universal norms of morality. The measure of righteousness is the whole life of a person, how he behaves towards others. He is usually characterized by selflessness, kindness and mercy.
Solzhenitsyn's famous story "Matryonin Dvor" was written in 1959. Initially, the author called it "There is no village without a righteous man." The meaning of the name is that the writer denoted the superiority of moral greatness over vain power and material wealth. He portrayed in the story the image of the righteous - Matryona, a woman disinterested and honest, hardworking and kind. It is she who is the source of spiritual purity in the village, where everyone is immersed in their worries and everyday difficulties, where the value of the soul is replaced by material value.
Matryona's righteousness is her willingness to serve people and be devoted to them no matter what. Oddly enough, this quality is blamed on her fellow villagers. Like many righteous people, Matryona is not understood during her lifetime and is deliberately insulted, because they are afraid of her strangeness and detachment from worldly goods. She endures torments and hardships, but does not deviate from her principles, the main of which is mercy. It is this resilience that separates her from the common people.
The fate of Matryona is hard and bleak. She did not marry her beloved (since he disappeared), but she was almost forced to become the wife of his younger brother. But the beloved returned and hated the girl for betrayal. So Matryona lived without happiness. Her children died in infancy, her husband died, and she was left alone. Maybe that's why Matryona did not live only with her worries, helping everyone indiscriminately. She especially felt sorry for Thaddeus and his family, so she willingly raised one of his daughters. It was as if she had not yet extinguished the feeling of guilt for the old.
Those whom she helped gratuitously were condemned for the fact that she did not amass wealth, did not pursue the economy and profit: she did not keep a piglet, “did not chase the equipment ...”. You can’t look at her legacy without tears: a dirty white goat, ficuses and a crooked cat.
It would seem that the righteous should be evaluated after death. However, the peasants, even at the grave of Matryona, worry only about the division of her property. Matryona's best friend claims to be a “knit”, Thaddeus is interested in logs, but the main bone of contention is the hut of a woman whose body has not yet had time to cool down, and fierce bidding is already in full swing.
The funeral is held in the spirit of a hypocritical "rite" - a source of pride for the villagers. People feel sorry for Matryona, like a draft horse that worked for them for free for years. Only Kira and some old woman sob sincerely. The guest is also very upset.
Solzhenitsyn said about the righteousness of Matryona Vasilyevna as follows: “We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the same righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, the village does not stand. Neither city. Not all our land."
Interesting? Save it on your wall!
