Getting grants for business development. Government assistance to small businesses

Small Business Help: Organizational Support System + 4 Detailed Options.

A small business that gives its owner financial independence is the dream of everyone who does not want to work for his uncle.

Unfortunately, not everyone can boast of having a decent amount on their account to start a planned project.

Of course, there is always a way. In this case, there are several of them - to be patient and earn capital, to take a loan or loan from relatives / friends / acquaintances,.

But there is also an option like small business assistance which is of several types.

So, today we will talk about how our state supports the development of beginners and experienced entrepreneurs.

State assistance to small businesses: an organizational system for supporting entrepreneurs

The main regulatory act that you need to rely on in matters of our article is Federal Law No. 209 "On the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation."

Its full text can be found by clicking on the link: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_52144

Also, each region has its own body, which is responsible for the implementation of measures to help entrepreneurs.

A complete list of them is available on the official website of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation in the "Small Business" section: http://economy.gov.ru/minec/activity/sections/smallBusiness

Why is it important to support entrepreneurs?

Thus, in Russia, only thanks to small and medium-sized businesses, more than 16 million citizens are provided with jobs (and this is a quarter of the entire employed population).

In addition, 20% of GDP is accounted for by SMEs, although in the world this figure is close to 35%, so we have room to strive.

The role of SMEs in the economy of the whole country is very significant. Briefly describe its importance:

• creation of new jobs;
• formation of healthy competition in the market and adequate pricing for goods and services;
• revenues to the budgets of all levels;
• filling those niches where big business cannot fit in (provision of household services to the population, small wholesale, marketing).

But owners of small and medium-sized businesses have to constantly face problems and difficulties:

• economic instability in the country;
• lack of financial resources for both opening and developing a business;
• a large tax burden and the complexity of compiling financial statements;
• constant changes in legislation;
• lack of personnel (qualified specialists prefer to work for the “sharks” of business, ignoring entrepreneurs);
• difficulty in obtaining loans (not every bank wants to deal with a small business).

Agree, not every experienced businessman will be able to withstand the difficulties described above, what can we say about beginners.

That is why the state should provide assistance to entrepreneurs.

In 2016, more than 11 billion rubles were allocated from the Russian budget to support SMEs.

But, unfortunately, the amount of assistance to small businesses from the state tends to decrease.

So, in 2014, about 20 billion rubles were allocated to support SMEs, and already in 2015 - 17 billion. In 2016, it was planned to provide financial assistance in the amount of almost 15 billion from the federal budget, but in fact it turned out to be 11 billion.

In 2017, this downward trend in financial assistance continues. The state is ready to provide only 7.5 billion rubles.

Therefore, those who rely on it will have to make a lot of efforts to get it.

The structure of spending on helping small businesses in 2017 looks like this:

We have figured out the facts and figures, but what is the assistance to small businesses from the state?

So, there are such forms of support for SMEs:

• financial - providing financial resources for the opening and development of small businesses (compensations, subsidies, grants, soft loans);
• property - providing entrepreneurs with state property on the rights of use (land plots, industrial premises);
• information and consulting- formation of information systems, as well as free consultations on doing business (trainings, seminars, courses);
• infrastructural- formation of comfortable conditions for doing business, as well as the creation of business incubators, multi-purpose funds, centers of entrepreneurs;
• organizational- assistance in participation in exhibition events and fairs.

Help for small businesses: who can count?

The priority areas that the state is ready to help are:

• area of ​​food and industrial production;
• innovation;
• provision of household and communal services;
• healthcare;
• tourism, in particular ecotourism;
• folk craft and creativity.

Assistance to small and medium businesses: 4 types

In general, there are 4 types of material assistance to small and medium-sized businesses from the state. Let's consider each of them.

1. Money from the employment center (self-employment grant).

In order to combat unemployment and informal employment, the state is ready to provide one-time financial assistance to start a small business.

The amount of assistance in 2017 is 58.8 thousand rubles.

If your business can provide work for one or more citizens, then the self-employment grant can be increased by 58.8 thousand rubles. for each hired employee.

The action of this program applies exclusively to the opening of individual entrepreneurship and cannot be applied to:

• minors (under 16) and pensioners;
• full-time students;
• operating individual entrepreneurs or founders of LLC;
• citizens with disabilities belonging to the non-working group;
• young mothers on maternity leave;
• those who work under an employment contract;
• those who refused the work offered at the employment center.

In addition to the documents that must be submitted in order to register with the employment center, in order to receive government assistance for small businesses, you will need:

• statement;
• a copy of the bank account;
• project.

If you are unemployed and want to get start-up capital to start your own business, you will need to follow these steps:

So, your application is approved, after that they will conclude an agreement with you that you received money to open a business. The funds received should be spent only for the intended purpose and you need to move strictly according to plan.

You need to appear within the time limits set by the employment center to provide reports on the funds spent.

In case of violation of the terms of the contract (misuse, premature termination of business activities), you will have to receive assistance.

2. Grants for start-up entrepreneurs.

This option of helping small businesses from the state is suitable for those who have some money for its opening and development.

That is, the funds are ready to compensate for part of the costs of opening a business in the amount of up to 500 thousand rubles.

The grant scheme is as follows:

Drawing up a strategy.

This includes drawing up a detailed business plan that will address production, organizational, financial, and marketing issues.

The study of public funds.

On the website of the ministry, you can find bodies and funds that are ready to support.

Familiarize yourself with the directions and requirements for candidates for which organizations work.

Preparation of documents and drawing up an application.

This stage must be approached with all responsibility, because in the absence of even one document or with an incorrectly completed application, the commission may reject your candidacy.

Sending an application and waiting for the decision of the commission.

The commission draws up a certain scoring system, according to which it evaluates the submitted projects.

The person with the most points will be the recipient of the grant.

The funds received can be spent on the purchase of equipment, equipment, raw materials, rent coverage, but not for paying salaries to employees. In any case, the use of money should be targeted.

Unfortunately, not everyone can receive such a grant for opening a small and medium-sized business.

For the rational distribution of financial resources, the state may determine various requirements for candidates:

• entrepreneurial age no more than 2 years;
• passing basic courses on entrepreneurial activity;
• business should not be related to gaming, banking, insurance activities, as well as the provision of intermediary services and the resale of goods;
• no debt to the state;
• employment of a certain number of people.

• dismissed from the previous place of work;
• university graduates;
• single mother;
• retired military;
• invalids.

Ideas that the commission will consider for issuing grants:

• innovation;
• socially significant industries;
• Agriculture;
• export-oriented production;
• education;
• tourism;
• advertising, marketing.

3. Credit on preferential terms.

Getting a loan from a bank is a rather complicated and painstaking work, which does not always end in success.

Therefore, why not try your luck and ask for a loan from the state, but on favorable terms?

The essence of obtaining a preferential loan is as follows:

1. Guaranteed lending support is provided by the Federal Corporation for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises.
2. As of now, preferential rates for lending to small businesses are 11%, for medium-sized businesses - 10% (for comparison: you can take a loan under normal conditions at 24-25% per annum).
3. The maximum loan amount is 1 billion rubles, and the term is 3 years.
4. Loans are issued to those entrepreneurs whose successful activity lasts about six months.
5. Loans are not given to those who are on the verge of bankruptcy, who have outstanding debts and questionable credit history.

A loan on favorable terms can be issued for the following purposes:

• increase in working capital;
• purchase of real estate and transport for doing business;
• participation in government contracts.

4. Subsidizing small and medium businesses.

Assistance to small businesses from the state in the form of subsidies is carried out on the basis of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1605: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_173683

For those who do not know: subsidies are the receipt of a certain amount of funds for specific purposes.

As a rule, money is issued on a gratuitous and irrevocable basis. Unlike a grant, the amounts of which are received in tranches, the subsidy is received in one amount at once.

To help small and medium-sized businesses, the following types of subsidies are issued in the following amounts:

The amount of subsidies may differ in different regions, but the scheme for issuing them is approximately the same:

1. Compliance check:
   • the period of activity of the enterprise is not more than 2 years;
   • lack of debt;
   • the candidate himself is able to cover the costs of the project in the amount of 50% of the total amount.
2. Filing an application
3. Application acceptance
4. Competitive selection
5. Receiving a subsidy, providing reports on the targeted use of assistance to small businesses.

The new state program provides an opportunity for beginners

entrepreneurs to start their own business.

How to get this help is explained in detail in the video:

Small Business Assistance Program

In 2017, the following programs of assistance to small businesses from the state will operate:

• "Cooperation" - you can get up to 20 million rubles. for business development, namely: improving the quality of the goods produced or the service provided;
• "Development" - the maximum amount of assistance to small businesses can be 15 million rubles, which must be spent on improving production and creating new jobs;
• "Start" - carried out in 3 stages: 1 million rubles, 2 million rubles. and 3 million rubles. This small business assistance program is focused on creating new products and technologies.

The proposed list does not end there, as there are many other programs, as well as funds that provide support to entrepreneurs.

Help for small businesses not limited to the state. There are many foreign, venture, investment funds that are ready to cooperate with young and promising entrepreneurs.

You just need to knock on all the doors, and not wait for someone to want to sponsor your idea.

Of course, those who produce a socially significant product or make an innovative breakthrough are more likely to succeed. But again, everything is in your hands, so do not be lazy and start acting.

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Small business subsidies is one of the popular and effective ways to support small businesses in Russia. The state in this way encourages people to open their own business and to further develop it. Relevant regional and federal programs have been developed. How and where to get a subsidy, what is needed for this, we will tell below.

Who can apply for small business subsidies?

According to the Small Business Support Program in the Russian Federation, anyone wishing to engage in entrepreneurial activity has the right to count on assistance from the state, including in the form of gratuitous subsidies. Such financial support is carried out in strictly fixed amounts of money operating in each individual region. Almost everyone can apply for such state support. But not the fact that everyone will receive it.

It should be borne in mind that having your own money is not at all superfluous, since the state is not ready to cover all the upcoming expenses of the future businessman. Nevertheless, no one will demand the return of the allocated subsidies, unlike a bank loan, from an entrepreneur - provided that the allocated money is used for its intended purpose.

Subsidies provided by EPC

Only citizens officially recognized as unemployed can receive gratuitous assistance from the state. Therefore, after deciding to open your own business with the help of subsidies, you will need to register with the CZN (Center for Employment of the Population) in order to obtain the status of unemployed. To do this, you must submit the following documents:

• passport;
• SNILS (pension insurance certificate);
• education document;
• a certificate from the last place of work on the amount of wages for the last 3 months, which was paid to the employee before his dismissal;
• a statement stating the desire of the unemployed person to take part in the self-employment program of the population;
• drawn up business plan.

What is the latest document? This is a kind of estimate of future expenses and income, justifying the feasibility and benefits of creating an enterprise, and the estimated payback period is also indicated here.

A package of documents is submitted for consideration by a special commission operating at the Employment Center, which will make the final decision on granting or refusing a subsidy.

If the decision is positive, then an agreement is concluded between the citizen and the CNP, according to which a gratuitous subsidy will be transferred to his personal account.

The state is ready to subsidize an unemployed citizen only if the Employment Center has not provided him with a suitable job. In Moscow, the amount of the subsidy is no more than 10,200 rubles and is intended to cover the costs of state registration of a legal entity, individual entrepreneur or peasant (farmer) economy: preparation of registration documents, payment for notary services, purchase of letterheads, production of seals or stamps (compensation of actually spent amounts) . In addition, future entrepreneurs will be provided with consulting and information support.

Note that such rules, provided for by the Moscow GD of December 19, 2012 N 757-PP, were introduced relatively recently: earlier, financial support for small businesses from the CZN was more significant and amounted to 58,800 rubles. The availability and size of regional subsidies should be found out in the local authorities involved in the employment of the population.

Subsidies provided by local governments

Unfortunately, the government assistance from the CNZ is minimal, and it is not enough for the development of a more or less serious business. Of course, you can also use your own savings. But what if they are also missing?

When your own business requires decent investments, you should contact the local government (at the place of residence). In this case, you can expect to receive a larger amount. It is, as a rule, about 300 thousand rubles.

What is required from the future businessman in this case? It is necessary to prepare the same package of documents as for obtaining a subsidy from the employment center. Only it is submitted to the department dealing with the small business development program. The size of the subsidy from local governments is much larger than the size of the subsidy of the EPC, and the competition between applicants for it increases accordingly. It is very important that the regional authorities interested in your own business, so that they would have a desire to provide financial support to your small business.

If you are lucky and the money is received, you should be prepared for the fact that every month you will have to submit a report on the targeted spending of the allocated funds. Otherwise, when finances are not used for their intended purpose, they will have to be returned.

Also, the allocated funds must be used within a year. If this is not done, then the unused balance is subject to return. All expenses in the annual report must be documented.

Nuances of subsidizing small businesses

When applying for state support for your own business, you should remember some nuances, in particular:

• if activities related to real estate, alcohol, tobacco products, with the performance of supply functions are planned, then it is not necessary to count on assistance from the state;
• the future entrepreneur must have his own material resources, since the state, as mentioned earlier, is ready to provide him with only partial financial support (as a rule, no more than 40%).

Other types of state support for small businesses

In addition to direct monetary subsidies for small businesses, government agencies can offer small businesses other assistance.

• Lease of non-residential real estate, land, equipment at reduced rates, or even completely free.
• Also, the state can assist in obtaining a bank loan on favorable terms.
• Subsidizing the acquisition of fixed assets by an entrepreneur on a leasing basis. It can be either a down payment or a full repayment of the payment. The amount of the subsidy directly depends on the cost of fixed assets. For example, the city authorities are ready to subsidize up to 1/3 of the cost of the leased asset without VAT (value added tax), but in amounts not exceeding 5 million rubles.

Moreover, the regions may have their own programs to support and subsidize small businesses, about which the future entrepreneur can learn from the media or get advice from specialists directly involved in these issues.

On the basis of funds for support and assistance to small businesses, there are bodies that assist entrepreneurs in accounting and provide legal support for business. This activity is relevant and in demand, because it allows you to reduce the cost of an entrepreneur to attract specialists.

Subsidies for small businesses are a good help for efficient people who strive not only to start their own business, but also to further develop it for the benefit of their family and society as a whole.

Starting a business is always associated with certain risks. For many people, creating their own business is associated with increased responsibility, both personal and material. The financial issue is the main stumbling block in any endeavor. In addition to a great desire to become an entrepreneur, you must have a sufficient amount of money. It will allow you to comfortably begin to implement the plan.

In a situation where there are few personal funds, you can apply for. Banks offer lending systems on different terms. But, in any case, the money will have to be returned with interest. The state provides subsidies for the development of small businesses, as well as for their opening. You do not need to return them, but the requirements for use are quite strict. Let's look at the features of state support for future and current entrepreneurs.

Who can apply?

Legal entities and individuals are entitled to receive subsidies on a gratuitous basis. The money does not need to be returned. They are issued as compensation for lost income or financial costs in the production process, as well as the sale of goods, the provision of services. This is only a part of the possible assignments for the issuance of funds. Basic information about subsidies is contained in Articles 78 - 78.2 of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation and in Law No. 209-FZ of July 24, 2007.

Sources of subsidies for business development can be:

• federal budget;
• the budget of state off-budget funds;
• budgets of subjects of the Russian Federation;
• budgets of territorial state off-budget funds;
• local budgets.

Regulatory and municipal acts should contain the following information regarding subsidies:

• a list of categories or selection criteria for persons who are eligible;
• the purposes for which they are provided;
• conditions and procedure for obtaining;
• the return process in case of violation of the conditions for which subsidies were provided;
• the process of returning unused subsidies in the reporting financial year;
• provisions reflecting compliance with the established norms for the provision of subsidies.

When receiving subsidies, an important condition is the consent of the manager of budget funds to conduct inspections and control over compliance with the implementation by the recipient of subsidies of established goals, conditions and procedures.

The amount of the subsidy provided

The amount of subsidies is determined by the subjects of the Russian Federation. The maximum amount and purpose of spending is set. A possible increase in the subsidy by a certain amount for each unemployed person hired is envisaged.

For entrepreneurs with a Moscow residence permit, the amount of the subsidy is much higher than in the regions. And there are three subsidy options available:

• in the amount of 300,000 rubles is issued to persons who have not previously worked anywhere, as well as in cases where they have just completed military service; are disabled or the sole breadwinner of the family. These statuses must be documented (military ID, certificate of disability or loss of a breadwinner);
• in the amount of 60,000 rubles, which can be increased by the same amount for each unemployed person who will be hired;
• in the amount of 25,000 rubles is provided to start-up entrepreneurs for the development of small businesses (registration is possible through individuals - intermediaries).

For what purposes can the subsidy be used?

Entrepreneurs can use the funds for specific purposes. The list is approved by the subject of the Russian Federation, which provides the subsidy. Among the most common appointments are:

• purchase of raw materials for production;
• purchase of equipment or materials for carrying out activities;
• payment for intangible assets (technologies, patents, etc.).

Subsidies are not issued for activities related to the sale of tobacco products, alcohol, as well as equipment rental and real estate.

What do you need to get a grant to start a business?

One of the main requirements is the status of unemployed. A person applying for the right to receive a subsidy (hereinafter referred to as the applicant) must not be either an individual entrepreneur or the founder or co-founder of any company. In addition, there must be an entry in the work book - “fired”.

A subsidy for starting a small business is issued once. Only persons unemployed by the Employment Center can receive it.

To receive a subsidy for starting a small business, you must contact the Employment Center and register there. To do this, you need a passport, a certificate from the previous place of work on wages, TIN (if any), a certificate of education and a work book. The next step is to apply for a grant. When the procedure for registering the applicant as unemployed is completed, he will be informed of the address of Sberbank, where he should open a savings book. The time of the next visit will also be indicated.

• the period of registration of IP should not exceed one year;
• the funds (subsidy amount) must be spent within one calendar year;
• the subsidy can only be spent for the purposes that were indicated in the business plan (and this is the most important thing).

If the verification process reveals misuse of the subsidy, then the individual entrepreneur will be required to return the money received in full.

After a year, an individual entrepreneur is obliged to report on what needs he spent the issued funds. If there is a part for which the target expense is not documented, then the individual entrepreneur will be obliged to return the rest of the amount. Therefore, it is important to properly plan the implementation of the goals stated for the subsidy. And spend the entire amount within a year.

Getting state support is not an easy process. It takes a lot of time. With self-confidence, and, most importantly, with compliance with the requirements, an entrepreneur can obtain a subsidy. The amount of money, as a rule, is not too large and is set by the subjects. Subsidies offered by the state for the development of small businesses will help modernize production (purchase equipment or technologies), and purchase raw materials. If a decision is made to open a business, then the participation of the allocated funds will slightly ease the financial burden on the newly-made individual entrepreneur. Subsidized state support is a real, but very long and laborious way to get money. Strict conditions for issuance and use find not too many who want to apply for state support.

Not all start-up entrepreneurs are aware that they are entitled to a state subsidy for starting a small business in 2019. But government subsidies are an opportunity to receive a certain amount to replenish start-up capital without burdening yourself with expensive loans and getting into endless debts. At the same time, it is important to take into account the fact that the state contribution is provided without a mandatory return.

The state is interested in the development of small business, as it revives the economic situation, contributes to the expansion of the market, and the development of the competitiveness of domestic production.

Last year, based on the budget, the Russian Federation was ready to spend 17 billion rubles on subsidies to small businesses. In 2019, this amount, unfortunately, was reduced to 11 billion rubles. It can be assumed that these funds will most likely finance already started projects. Nevertheless, many are attracted by the opportunity to receive a subsidy from the state to open and run a business. Start-up entrepreneurs are supported by such structures as:

• Employment Center;
• Department of Entrepreneurship;
• local administration.

It should be noted that those individual entrepreneurs who have gone through all stages of development and used the state subsidy program note loyal conditions for obtaining subsidies and the promptness of the entire procedure.

It should be noted that the considered financial deductions are gratuitous, in contrast to commercial bank loans. An individual entrepreneur, receiving such a subsidy, assumes a certain range of obligations, but they are not directly financial in nature. To this day, these rules remain valid.

In addition, special support is planned for 2019 in the field of innovation, agriculture, medicine, tourism and, of course, education. Economic analysts already today predict a significant surge in activity of small and medium-sized businesses.
As experience has shown, receiving a subsidy from the Russian state is a fairly effective and expedient mechanism for activating the segment of small and medium-sized businesses. The main feature is that in different regions the conditions for entrepreneur support programs may differ.

Algorithm for obtaining state subsidies in 2019

The procedure for obtaining a subsidy for the development of small businesses is characterized by some technical and legal features. First of all, you need to be an IP officially. If there is such a status, then it is necessary:

• registration of an individual entrepreneur in the Employment Center of the status of an unemployed person and inclusion in the relevant state registers;
• submission to the Employment Center of a thoroughly developed business plan (this document includes the proposed scope and nature of future activities, indicating the location of the enterprise; the need for technical equipment and raw materials; the level of expected income; analysis of the profitability of the project as a whole);
• approval of the business plan at the Employment Center;
• IP registration with the Federal Tax Service;
• re-applying to the Employment Center with an application for receiving subsidized funds, supported by a package of necessary documentation;
• conclusion of a subsidiary agreement between individual entrepreneurs and the state.

The principal feature of this small business financing system is the absence of the need to return material resources received by individual entrepreneurs from state bodies when opening a new enterprise.

The initial stage of obtaining subsidies when opening a private enterprise is handled by the Employment Center - it is here that all the basic information about the business activity of all categories of the population of the Russian Federation is concentrated. The employment center considers the business ideas submitted by job seekers and determines their viability.

All initial information about the individual entrepreneur, his business plan, and the predicted level of economic efficiency passes through the Employment Center.

In 2019, the role of the Employment Center in the procedure for regulating the economic activity of the population is expected to be further strengthened, this is due to the fact that many citizens are now in search of a permanent source of income. In addition, it is necessary to achieve maximum transparency and efficiency of the mechanism for obtaining state subsidies.

In particular, the Employment Center provides a full range of necessary documentation in the shortest possible time, and the employees of the Employment Center are highly qualified and ready at any time to provide the full range of theoretical and practical assistance necessary for individual entrepreneurs at the stage of registration and opening their own business.

Each individual entrepreneur, when opening his own enterprise (even under a franchise), has the right to receive state support. The amount of such a subsidy varies depending on many factors, including the social status of the entrepreneur, but cannot be less than 60 thousand rubles.

Insurance, lending and banking services are not subject to state subsidies.

For all other legal activities, funds can be obtained if the entrepreneur has his own start-up capital in the amount specified by law.

It is much easier for those who have a Moscow residence permit to obtain subsidies in the capital, and, in addition, such entrepreneurs rely on several categories of subsidies to choose from.

The metropolitan registration also determines the general subsidizing algorithm, which is not always true for start-up entrepreneurs from other, more remote regions of the Russian Federation.

An individual entrepreneur, receiving a subsidy, undertakes to spend this financial amount on the development of his own business, but he can determine the scope of the initial application of capital on his own. For example, funds can be directed to:

• improvement of the material and technical base of the enterprise;
• purchase of necessary equipment and industrial capacities;
• repair, expansion and construction of new premises for the enterprise;
• purchase of raw material base for production;
• expansion of staff;
• costs of the company's intangible assets.

Individual entrepreneurs may also provide for other items of expenses related to the opening and development of their own business. In general, the legislation of the Russian Federation is quite liberal in the sphere of distribution of subsidiary funds. The entrepreneur enjoys complete freedom in regard to the use of funds received as a result of subsidies.

An important point when receiving financial assistance in 2019 is that if an individual entrepreneur applying for a subsidy has not officially worked anywhere over the past five years, the specialists of the Employment Center can legally refuse to receive material assistance. After all, if a person previously had money from somewhere for everyday needs, then in the future he is able to provide for himself.

It is worth remembering that subsidies for business development are gratuitous. The return of subsidiary funds is not provided for by law. An exception may be only certain cases stipulated by the mechanism for granting subsidies.

The only condition is to receive full and reliable reporting of the entrepreneur on the costs incurred. The Employment Center and the fiscal control authorities collect and verify this information.

In case of misuse of the provided funds, the state has the right to demand their return, taking into account a certain amount of a penalty. However, such precedents are extremely rare, since most start-up entrepreneurs are extremely responsible for the opportunity to receive financial state support for the development of their own business.

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Creating and developing your own business requires not only large expenditures of resources, but also serious financial investments in the early stages. You can use your own savings, but the state provides an opportunity to receive a gratuitous subsidy for the development of small businesses. Today, several forms of support for start-up entrepreneurs are being implemented at the regional and federal levels.

What is a small business

Regulations on the activities of small and medium-sized businesses were adopted in Russia in 2007. According to the state regulations, small business is entrepreneurship, which is characterized by a small number of employees (up to 100 employees inclusive), an average revenue turnover (up to 800 million rubles per year) and an emphasis on equity. Small business always reacts sharply to social and economic changes, adapts flexibly to changes in the market sphere. A prerequisite is the entry of data about the organization into the unified state register of legal entities, as well as official registration in accordance with current legislation.

Since the development of small businesses, the state not only began to actively control their activities, but also developed several forms of material support.

Types of subsidies

After the entry into force of the main provisions on small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation, the demand for state support has significantly increased both at the legal and material levels. Several types of gratuitous subsidies have been developed to minimize the citizens' own costs for the development of individual entrepreneurship.

Start-up subsidy for the unemployed

This form of material support is intended for citizens who are temporarily unemployed and are registered for unemployment at the Employment Center. The maximum amount of this subsidy is up to 58,800 rubles. Despite the insignificance of the payment, this amount can significantly help in the early stages. With the involvement of other unemployed citizens registered in the project, the amount may be increased. This feature is valid only for opening IP.

To receive a payment, you must be registered with the CZN at the place of registration, develop and defend a unique business plan. Centers in some regions offer free entrepreneurship training and psychological testing, which is a good help for start-up legal entities.

An unemployed person is a person of working age who has a desire to work, but does not have official employment and a permanent income due to various circumstances.

The direction of the business is of decisive importance when approving a subsidy. Preference is given to socially oriented projects involving several employees. Plans related to the production and sale of alcoholic beverages, the opening of a pawnshop, as well as any form of network marketing are not accepted.

An important condition for this form of subsidy is the registration of an individual entrepreneur or LLC only after receiving material support. This is due to the fact that the contract is concluded with an unemployed person, and not a legal entity.

After receiving a subsidy, it is necessary to document the expenditure of funds according to the business plan. If the legal entity ceases to operate within the next 2 years, the money will need to be returned to the state.

Start-up entrepreneurs

The most common form of subsidies in recent years. It is a material assistance to start-up entrepreneurs who have been operating for no more than a year. The maximum amount of material support cannot exceed 300 thousand rubles (500 thousand for residents of Moscow and the Moscow region). The program is a form of co-financing - a legal entity must invest at least 50% of its own funds, and the state compensates for the rest of the costs of business development. The money received can be used for the following purposes:

• Acquisition of equipment for carrying out activities;
• Preparation and equipping of workplaces;
• Purchase and supply of raw materials;
• Payment for the rent of premises or equipment.

You can apply for funding only if there are no insurance and tax debts for the entire period of the organization's existence.

Preference in the distribution of subsidies is given to entrepreneurs engaged in social activities. For example, work in the field of consumer services, healthcare or education. After receiving support, you will need to report to the fund within the next 3 months, providing all the necessary reporting.

Under credit and leasing agreements

In most regions of the Russian Federation, there are guarantee funds that actively act as a guarantor when applying for a loan to entrepreneurs for the development of their detail. This type of support is beneficial for beginner businessmen, since large loans are often difficult to obtain without a reliable guarantor. The funds do not provide the service free of charge, you will have to pay an additional fee, which can be up to 70% of the total loan amount. Algorithm for obtaining assistance under a loan and leasing agreement:

• Search for information on requirements for borrowers on the fund's website, in person or by phone;
• Choosing a bank that is a partner of the fund. It is advisable to choose only a large and reliable bank that has all the necessary state certificates;
• Personal appeal to the bank branch. It should be clarified that the guarantor is the guarantee fund;
• After the loan is approved by the bank, you can begin to prepare a package of documents. Large funds help prepare all the necessary documentation;
• Conclusion of a tripartite agreement;
• Obtaining a loan with subsequent regular payments and payment for the services of the guarantee fund.

To obtain a guarantee of the fund, it is necessary that it be registered and operate in the same region as the bank branch.

Lending to a business or legal entities is a cash loan of various sizes, which is issued by a bank for the development and support of entrepreneurship on special conditions for the terms of repayment and payment of interest on the loan amount.

Reimbursement of part of the interest on the loan

If a novice entrepreneur has a valid loan in one of the Russian banks, you can receive compensation for part of the interest payments with the help of the state. The amount of such a subsidy depends on the current refinancing rate, as well as the total loan amount. There are a number of points to consider in order to receive state support:

• You must have official legal registration with the tax authorities in your region;
• The organization should not have existing debts for insurance and tax fees, other mandatory budget payments;
• Loans for the purchase of vehicles, as well as the purchase of working capital are not supported;
• The loan should be directed to business development or production modernization.

This form of subsidy has found wide distribution among small businesses, since the state willingly compensates for interest on loans, regardless of the direction of the organization's activities.

Reimbursement of part of the costs under the leasing agreement

The state provides an opportunity to compensate for part of the funds not only under a loan, but also under a leasing agreement. This is relevant for legal entities that have equipment or vehicles purchased from a leasing company.

Leasing is the lease of valuable movable or immovable property (transport, equipment, premises) with subsequent repurchase. This form of lending is beneficial for leasing companies, since the client pays a larger amount for the property than it actually costs.

To receive state compensation under a leasing agreement, a legal entity must be officially registered at the place of registration, have no debts and conduct law-abiding activities. The amount of financial support depends on the region, for example, in Moscow it cannot exceed 5 million rubles. All details and conditions for receiving compensation can be clarified with the department of small business development in your region.

Issuance of loans at reduced rates

In most subjects of Russia, there are microfinance programs for small businesses that allow you to receive loans and credits on favorable terms. In this case, the loan amount cannot exceed 1 million rubles with a repayment period of up to 3 years. Typically, the interest rate for legal entities is from 8 to 10%, but if the organization is engaged in industrial or agricultural activities, and also provides social services, you can claim a reduction of up to 5%.

In addition, the state program allows you to receive a large amount, as well as increase the term of the loan agreement up to 5 years. To receive a small business loan benefit, you must apply to the entrepreneurship support fund in your place of residence. There you can find up-to-date information on requirements, necessary documentation, as well as possible collateral.

Reimbursement of expenses for participation in exhibitions and fairs

An actual form of state subsidy for small businesses that actively promote their services and products at various fairs and exhibitions. This allows not only to present their products to a wide range of consumers, but also to find new partners and investors.

All registered legal entities that do not have debts to the state have the right to receive material support. The amount of payment is one third of the total required amount. Funds can be spent on rent and delivery of equipment, payment of the registration fee. Expenses for travel, accommodation and meals are not subject to payment. The amount of the subsidy can reach 300 thousand rubles, depending on the region. Such a service can be received no more than once in a full financial year.

Subsidies are not issued to organizations engaged in trading or intermediary activities, as well as the production and sale of excisable goods, certain types of minerals.

Benefits for start-ups and current entrepreneurs

For the development of small businesses in the country, benefits have been developed that start-up entrepreneurs have. Legal entities that do not have debts, as well as those that started their activities no more than 2 years ago, are eligible to receive them.

For example, zero tax rate. It was introduced in January 2015 and is valid until December 31, 2020. The tariff is relevant for entrepreneurs from the moment of registration of the organization for the next 2 years. In the people this benefit is called "tax holidays". Entrepreneurs conducting business in the field of education, science, production, as well as those engaged in socially oriented activities, have the right to receive it.

Since 2016, as an anti-crisis measure, a bill has been adopted, according to which, in some regions, there are reduced rates for start-ups and existing entrepreneurs. So, for legal entities on a simplified taxation system (STS), it ranges from 1%, and for a single tax on imputed income (UTII) - from 7.5%.

The reduced percentage of the tax deduction is determined by the region, therefore, for clarification, it is necessary to contact the tax authorities at the place of registration.

What types of businesses can qualify for a subsidy?

An application for a subsidy is considered by a commission, which includes both officials and people competent in the field of entrepreneurship - experienced representatives of small businesses, bank employees. Before receiving financial support of any volume, it is necessary not only to provide a complete package of documents, but also to defend the business plan. Sometimes you need to additionally prove your knowledge and skills in the field of economics, current market trends, as well as the needs of society. There are several factors that can increase the likelihood of receiving a subsidy:

• The planned activity provides for the creation of several jobs with stable wages;
• The idea is associated with production, socially useful activities, has a youth or innovative orientation;
• It is desirable to have subject contracts or letters of recommendation from trustworthy organizations, partnership with the city administration or other business representatives;
• The project must be profitable, which provides for a quick return on investment in the form of demanded products or timely payment of taxes.

All requested funds must be implemented taking into account the business plan, and as a result of the development of the subsidy, it will be necessary to submit a full financial report on the work done.