Consider the image of Sharikov from the story "Heart of a Dog". Bulgakov in this work does not just talk about the unnatural experiment that was carried out. Mikhail Afanasyevich describes a new type of person who did not appear in the laboratory of a scientist, but in the Soviet reality of the post-revolutionary years. An allegory of this type is the image of Sharikov in the story "Heart of a Dog". The plot basis of the work is the relationship between a prominent scientist and Sharikov, a man artificially created from a dog.
Estimation of life by the dog Sharik
The first part of this story is built largely on the internal monologue of a stray half-starved dog. He evaluates street life in his own way, gives a description of the characters, customs, life of Moscow during the NEP with many tea shops, taverns on Myasnitskaya with clerks who hate dogs. Sharik is able to appreciate kindness and kindness, to sympathize. He, oddly enough, well understands the social structure of the new country. Sharik condemns the newly-minted masters of life, but knows about Preobrazhensky, an old intellectual from Moscow, that he will not "kick with his foot" a hungry dog.
Implementation of the Preobrazhensky experiment
In the life of this dog, a happy, in her opinion, accident happens - the professor takes her to his luxurious apartment. It has everything, even a few "extra rooms". However, the professor does not need the dog for fun. He wants to carry out a fantastic experiment: a dog will have to turn into a man after transplanting some part. If Preobrazhensky becomes Faust, who creates a man in a test tube, then his second father, who gave Sharik his pituitary gland, is Chugunkin Klim Petrovich. Bulgakov very briefly characterizes this person. His profession is playing the balalaika in taverns. He is poorly built, the liver is enlarged as a result of drinking alcohol. Chungkin died in a pub from a stab in the heart. The creature that appeared after the operation inherited the essence of its second father. Sharikov is aggressive, swaggering, impudent.
Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov
Mikhail Afanasyevich created a vivid image of Sharikov in the story "Heart of a Dog". This hero is devoid of ideas about culture, about how to behave with other people. After some time, a conflict is brewing between the creation and the creator, Polygraph Polygraphovich Sharikov, who calls himself "homunculus", and Preobrazhensky. The tragedy is that a "man" who has barely learned to walk finds reliable allies in his life. They provide a revolutionary theoretical basis for all his actions. One of them is Shvonder. Sharikov learns from this hero about what privileges he, a proletarian, has in comparison with Preobrazhensky, a professor. In addition, he begins to understand that the scientist who gave him a second life is a class enemy.
Sharikov's behavior
Let's complete the image of Sharikov in Bulgakov's story "Heart of a Dog" with a few more strokes. This hero is clearly aware of the main credo of the newly-minted masters of life: steal, rob, take away what was created by others, and most importantly - strive for equalization. And the dog, once grateful to Preobrazhensky, no longer wants to put up with the fact that the professor settled "alone in seven rooms." Sharikov brings paper, according to which he should allocate an area of 16 square meters in the apartment. m. Morality, shame, conscience are alien to the polygraph. He lacks everything else except malice, hatred, meanness. He loosens his belt more and more every day. Polygraph Poligrafovich commits excesses, steals, drinks, molests women. Such is the image of Sharikov in the story "Heart of a Dog".
Finest hour of Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov
The new work becomes Sharikov's finest hour. A former stray dog makes a dizzying jump. She turns into the head of the subdepartment for cleaning up Moscow from homeless animals. Sharikov's choice of profession is not surprising: people like them always want to destroy their own. However, the Polygraph does not stop there. New details complement the image of Sharikov in the story "Heart of a Dog". A brief description of his further actions is as follows.
History with the typist, reverse transformation
Sharikov appears some time later in Preobrazhensky's apartment with a young girl and says that he signs with her. It's a typist from his sub-department. Sharikov declares that Bormental will need to be evicted. In the end, it turns out that he deceived this girl, composed many stories about himself. The last thing Sharikov does is inform on Preobrazhensky. The sorcerer-professor from the story we are interested in manages to turn a man back into a dog. It is good that Preobrazhensky realized that nature does not tolerate violence against itself.
Sharikovs in real life
In real life, alas, balls are much more tenacious. Brazen, self-confident, who do not doubt that everything is permissible for them, these semi-literate lumpen brought our country to a deep crisis. This is not surprising: violence against the course of historical events, disregard for the laws of the development of society could only give rise to Sharikovs. The polygraph in the story turned back into a dog. But in life he managed to go a long and, as it seemed to him and was inspired by others, a glorious path. He poisoned people in the 1930s and 1950s, as if they were once homeless animals by the nature of their service. He carried suspicion and canine anger through his whole life, replacing them with canine loyalty, which became unnecessary. This hero, having entered a reasonable life, remained at the level of instincts. And he wanted to change the country, the world, the universe in order to make it easier to satisfy these bestial instincts. All these ideas lead to Sharikov, who created the image in the story "Heart of a Dog".
Man or animal: what distinguishes the ball from other people?
Sharikov is proud of his low origin, his lack of education. In general, he is proud of everything low that is in him, because only this raises him high above those who stand out in mind, in spirit. People like Preobrazhensky need to be trampled into the mud so that Sharikov can rise above them. The Sharikovs outwardly do not differ in any way from other people, but their inhuman essence is waiting for the right moment. When he comes, such creatures turn into monsters, waiting for the first opportunity to seize their prey. This is their true face. The Sharikovs are ready to betray their own. With them, everything holy and high turns into its opposite when they touch it. The worst thing is that such people managed to achieve considerable power. Having come to her, the non-human seeks to dehumanize everyone around, so that it becomes easier to manage the herd. All human feelings are displaced by them
Sharikovs today
It is impossible not to turn to the present, analyzing the image of Sharikov in the story "Heart of a Dog". A short essay on the work should contain a few words about today's ball balls in the final part. The fact is that after the revolution in our country all the conditions were created for the emergence of a large number of such people. The totalitarian system is very conducive to this. They penetrated into all areas of public life, they live among us today. Sharikovs are able to exist, no matter what. The main threat to humanity today is the dog's heart along with the human mind. Therefore, the story written at the beginning of the last century remains relevant today. It is a warning to future generations. It sometimes seems that Russia has become different during this time. But the way of thinking, stereotypes, will not change in 10 or 20 years. More than one generation will change before the balls disappear from our lives, and people become different, devoid of animal instincts.
So, we examined the image of Sharikov in the story "Heart of a Dog". A summary of the work will help you get to know this hero better. And after reading the original story, you will discover some of the details of this image that we have omitted. The image of Sharikov in the story by M.A. Bulgakov's "Heart of a Dog" is a great artistic achievement of Mikhail Afanasyevich, like the whole work as a whole.
At the beginning and at the very end of the novel, Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov is a kind and harmless dog. However, after an unsuccessful experiment by Professor Preobrazhensky, the monstrous homunculus Sharikov is born.
This hero is a kind of personification of an anti-rational society that does not have strong ideas about moral values, refuses the experience of previous generations, does not recognize traditions and historical wisdom. With the help of the operation, the professor managed to turn the “cutest dog” into a kind of person by transplanting the human pituitary gland into the dog. That's just the behavior of Sharikov does not at all resemble the behavior of a reasonable person. The so-called “illegitimate son” of the professor plays the balalaika, swears and foul language, throws cigarette butts on the floor, sleeps in the kitchen on the floor, watches over Zinka at night, steals, behaves indecently, writes denunciations about his own “dad” and even threatens him.
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The professor faces a difficult task - to make an intelligent person out of this creature with a "dead soul". In just two months, Sharikov makes a huge journey from absolute "nothing" to significant "everything". Having enlisted the support of the authorities, as a representative of the "labor element", Sharikov receives a passport and gets a decent, leading position. Polygraph Poligrafovich is now in charge of the sub-department of cleaning Moscow from stray animals. Now this is a useful member of society, which can be used in the fight against class enemies, because they prevent Sharikov from living in harmony with his, albeit human, but terribly "lousy" heart. The actions of the "citizen" Sharikov are filled with such immorality, cynicism and callousness that the professor has no choice but to destroy the results of his experiment. He performs one more operation and everything returns to its initial position: the rude Sharikov again turns into an affectionate Sharik.
Updated: 2012-08-22
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Sharikov Poligraf Poligrafovich is one of the main characters in M. A. Bulgakov's story "Heart of a Dog". At the beginning of the story, Sharikov is just a good-natured yard dog, who is picked up by Professor Preobrazhensky. He heals the wound of the dog and treats him well. Sharik is happy with life.
“They take care of me,” thought the dog, “a very good person. I know who it is. He is a magician, a magician and a magician from a dog's fairy tale ... "
As a result of the pituitary transplant experiment, Sharikov is born. At first, the professor thought that he had succeeded in creating
A human being, but it soon becomes clear that, in fact, he managed to "resurrect" the criminal Klim Chugunkin.
“You are at the lowest stage of development,” Philipp Philippovich shouted, “you are still an emerging, mentally weak being, all your actions are purely bestial ...”
Sharikov is immoral and stupid, he has neither honor nor conscience. He is devoid of even the rudiments of morality and nobility. He begins his new life playing the balalaika, drinking and cursing. He sticks to women and spoils furniture, arranges a flood in the apartment. From the dog Sharik turned out "such scum,
That hair stands on end. Sharikov receives the support of the authorities in the person of Shvonder, who sees in him a proletarian and a full-fledged member of society. From the dog, Sharikov, perhaps, only had a dislike for cats. Shvonder finds him a job he likes - now he is in charge of the department for catching cats. But even here Sharikov shows cruelty that is not characteristic of either animals or people.
Professor Preobrazhensky steadfastly bears the tricks of his ward and at first hopes for his re-education. But the behavior of the man-dog is deteriorating every day. Sharikov crosses all boundaries when he writes a denunciation of the professor and threatens to kill him.
“But who is he? Klim, Klim. Here's what: two convictions, alcoholism, "divide everything", a hat and two gold coins were gone ... .. A boor and a pig ... "
Preobrazhensky performs a “reverse” operation, and the kind, affectionate dog Sharik returns to the world again. In the words of Professor Preobrazhensky, the author, as it were, draws a line, the conclusion: "Science does not yet know a way to turn animals into people." And the real beast was not the dog Sharik, but the soulless and cruel Klim Chugunkin.
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The subject of the work
At one time, the satirical story of M. Bulgakov caused a lot of talk. In "Heart of a Dog" the heroes of the work are bright and memorable; the plot is fantasy mixed with reality and a subtext in which sharp criticism of Soviet power is openly read. Therefore, the work was very popular among dissidents in the 60s, and in the 90s, after its official publication, it was completely recognized as prophetic.
The theme of the tragedy of the Russian people is clearly visible in this work, in the "Heart of a Dog" the main characters enter into an irreconcilable conflict among themselves and will never understand each other. And, although the proletarians won in this confrontation, Bulgakov in the novel reveals to us the whole essence of the revolutionaries and their type of new person in the person of Sharikov, leading to the idea that they will not create or do anything good.
There are only three main characters in Heart of a Dog, and the narration is mainly conducted from Bormental's diary and through the dog's monologue.
Characteristics of the main characters
Sharikov
The character that appeared as a result of the operation from the mongrel Sharik. The transplantation of the pituitary and gonads of the drunkard and rowdy Klim Chugunkin turned a sweet and friendly dog into Polygraph Polygraphych, a parasite and a hooligan.
Sharikov embodies all the negative features of the new society: he spits on the floor, throws cigarette butts, does not know how to use the restroom and constantly swears. But even this is not the worst - Sharikov quickly learned to write denunciations and found a calling in the murder of his eternal enemies, cats. And while he deals only with cats, the author makes it clear that he will do the same with people who stand in his way.
This is the low power of the people and Bulgakov saw a threat to the whole society in the rudeness and narrow-mindedness with which the new revolutionary government solves problems.
Professor Preobrazhensky
An experimenter who uses innovative developments in solving the problem of rejuvenation through organ transplants. He is a well-known world scientist, a surgeon respected by all, whose "speaking" surname gives him the right to experiment with nature.
Used to live in a big way - servants, a house of seven rooms, chic dinners. His patients are former nobles and the highest revolutionary officials who patronize him.
Preobrazhensky is a solid, successful and self-confident person. The professor - an opponent of any terror and Soviet power, calls them "blathers and idlers." He considers affection the only way to communicate with living beings and denies the new government precisely for radical methods and violence. His opinion: if people are accustomed to culture, then devastation will disappear.
The rejuvenation operation gave an unexpected result - the dog turned into a man. But the man came out completely useless, not amenable to education and absorbing the worst. Philipp Philippovich concludes that nature is not a field for experiments, and he interfered in its laws in vain.
Dr. Bormenthal
Ivan Arnoldovich is completely devoted to his teacher. At one time, Preobrazhensky took an active part in the fate of a half-starved student - he enrolled in the department, and then took him on as an assistant.
The young doctor tried in every possible way to culturally develop Sharikov, and then moved to the professor altogether, as it became more and more difficult to cope with a new person.
The apotheosis was the denunciation that Sharikov wrote against the professor. At the climax, when Sharikov took out a revolver and was ready to use it, it was Bromenthal who showed firmness and rigidity, while Preobrazhensky hesitated, not daring to kill his creation.
The positive characterization of the heroes of "Heart of a Dog" emphasizes how important honor and dignity are for the author. Bulgakov described himself and his relatives in many of the features of both doctors, and in many respects would have acted the same way as they did.
Shvonder
The newly elected chairman of the house committee, who hates the professor as a class enemy. This is a schematic hero, without deep reasoning.
Shvonder completely bows to the new revolutionary government and its laws, and sees in Sharikov not a person, but a new useful unit of society - he can buy textbooks and magazines, participate in meetings.
Sh. can be called Sharikov's ideological mentor, he tells him about the rights in Preobrazhensky's apartment and teaches him to write denunciations. The chairman of the house committee, because of his narrow-mindedness and lack of education, always hesitates and passes in conversations with the professor, but this makes him hate him even more.
Other heroes
The list of characters in the story would not be complete without two au pairs - Zina and Daria Petrovna. They recognize the superiority of the professor, and, like Bormental, are completely devoted to him and agree to commit a crime for the sake of their beloved master. They proved this at the time of the second operation to turn Sharikov into a dog, when they were on the side of the doctors and exactly followed all their instructions.
You got acquainted with the characterization of the heroes of Bulgakov's "Heart of a Dog", a fantastic satire that anticipated the collapse of Soviet power immediately after its appearance - the author, back in 1925, showed the whole essence of those revolutionaries and what they are capable of.
Artwork test
Such a literary hero as Sharikov “Heart of a Dog” cannot leave the reader indifferent. His image in the story revolts, shocks, causes a storm of emotions, this is the merit of the author - the genius of the artistic word M. Bulgakov. A creature that appeared due to human intervention in what Mother Nature commands, serves as a reminder to humanity of its mistakes.
The appearance of Polygraph Sharikov
The author's irony touched not only the semantic component of Sharikov's image, but also his appearance. The creature that was born as a result of the operation of Professor Philip Preobrazhensky is a kind of symbiosis of a dog and a man. The pituitary gland and seminal glands of the criminal and drunkard Klim Chugunkin were transplanted to the animal.
The latter died in a fight, which speaks of the lifestyle of a person who became an unwitting participant in the operation. The author emphasizes that the human being, into which the dog Sharik turned after the operation, looks very much like a dog. His hair, body hair, look, habits - everything indicates that the animal is invisibly present in the image of a newly minted "citizen". Sharikov's too low forehead speaks of his low intelligence. Bright catchy, flashy details in clothes are an indicator of bad taste, lack of elementary culture in clothes.
The moral character of the hero
Sharikov is a symbol of arrogance, impudence, rudeness, familiarity, illiteracy, laziness. His image is the personification of the lumpen proletariat: that stratum of society that very quickly got used to the new political conditions. Relying on fragmentary information, altering phrases from the slogans of the new government, these people are “fighting” for their rights, depicting activity and work. In fact, they are parasites and opportunists, a power that promises unprecedented benefits, attracts stupid, narrow-minded people who are ready to be a blind tool in the struggle for a brighter future.
Polygraph Poligrafovich inherits the worst that is in the nature of an animal and a person. The loyalty and devotion of the dog, his gratitude to the owner - all this disappeared during the first two weeks of Sharikov's life. The character bites, sticks to women, is rude to everyone indiscriminately. The ingratitude of the hero, his dissatisfaction with everything, the lack of a minimum culture in communication are outraged. He begins to demand a residence permit from the professor, after some time he tries to evict Philip Philipovich. As a result, it comes to the fact that Sharikov decides to kill his creator. This moment is very symbolic, endowed with a special meaning. It is here that the motive of the political ideology of the new system is clearly traced.
The fate of Polygraph Sharikov
No matter how hard the professor tried to educate, remake his offspring, Sharikov was not subject to the influence of convictions and moralizing. Even violence (or its threat from the professor's assistant) has no effect on Sharikov. The hero continues to lead an immoral lifestyle, swearing, scaring the residents, drinking. The characters are too intelligent to change anything. Sharikov and those like him understand only brute force, they live on the principle of existence in the animal world.
The most amazing thing is that after the professor corrects the mistake, the hero comes to an important conclusion. In the creature that turned out as a result of the experiment, all the worst is from a person, a dog is a kind and noble animal. It turns out that there are people who are worse than dogs - this metaphor is emphasized by the author several times. Fortunately, the professor was able to correct his mistake in time. He has the courage to admit that his philosophy of non-violence does not always work flawlessly. Bulgakov hints that the new political system will not be able to repeat the professor's step. The course of history cannot be stopped, and retribution for interference in natural processes will inevitably overtake society.
