Rules for writing double nn. Russian language guide

Adjectives:

1) Adjectives with suffixes -an-, -yan-, -in- written with one -n-: clay, silver, chicken. Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.

2) Adjectives with suffixes -onn-, -enn- written with two -n-: aviation related.Exception : windy, oily.

3) In adjectives formed from the base on -n with a suffix -n-, written two -n-:pictorial (kartin -a + n th).

Participles and adjectives formed from verbs:

two letters -n- are written in suffixes of full participles and adjectives formed from verbs:

1) if they have a prefix: sun plowed, from boiled(But: with a thoughtful boy, named brother);

2) if they have dependent words: Varnn aya on milk;

3) if the word has suffixes -ova-, -eva-, -irova-: marinated, asphalted;

4) if the word is formed from a non-prefixed perfective verb (except wounded):deprived;

In short participles, one is written -n-, and in adjectives - two (except for the masculine singular form). It is necessary to distinguish between full and short forms of passive past participles with suffixes -enn- And -nn- and adjectives formed from verbs. Compare:

educated, participle from the verb "educate"; short form: brought up, brought up a, brought up oh, brought up And educated, adjective; short form: educated, educated, educated, educated.

How to distinguish? It is possible in meaning, but it is easier to try to substitute the word ‘ more’:Masha was raised by her grandmother And Masha is educated, polite and smart. As you can see, in the first case, the substitution of the proposed word is inappropriate, and in the second, it is quite real. In addition, passive participles require the presence (at least on a subconscious level) of an indication of who performed the action indicated in the participle.

Writing one or two letters -n- V complex adjectives obeys the general rule: plain dyed (paint, imperfect species); plain dyed (paint, perfect view).

adverbs, formed from adjectives with two -n-, also written with two -n-: went in an organized manner.

In nouns, formed from adjectives, participles and verbal adjectives, so many -n-, how many of them were in the production basis: pupil ( from ‘ educated’), martyr ( from ‘ tormented’) .

Two - n- are written in all words formed from the bases on -n, with a suffix starting with -n:foamy (pen-a + n-th), hexagon (six + face b + n ik).

Tasks.

His manners were not distinguished by simplicity, but were refinements (1) s. In the labyrinth of crooked, narrow and weak (2) streets, people were always scurrying about. The drivers argued with the loaders that the car was underloaded (3).

Manners (what?) of sophistication (1) s. This is a short adjective, as it can be replaced by a full form of sophistication ... th. We determine the spelling of the full form: sophistication ... th is formed from the verb to find, in which there is a prefix from-. Thus, both in full and in short form, we write two HH. Weak (2) th (what?) Streets. This is a full adjective, formed from the imperfective verb to bridge. The prefix non- does not affect spelling, there are no suffixes -OVA / -EVA, there are no dependent words either. We write one N. The machine is underloaded (3) but (what has been done?). This is a short participle, since it can be replaced by the verb underloaded. In short participles, one N is written. Thus, the correct option is answer No. 4.

In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HN is written?

The house stood somewhat away from the forest; its walls here and there were renovated (1) with fresh woods, the windows were painted (2) with whitewash, a small porch on the side, decorated with (3) carvings, still smelled of resin.

In the foreground of the picture, against the background of figures more closely (1) with smeared (2) soot faces, a girl's figure in a snow-white dress with plaited (3) sleeves stands out brightly.

In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in the place of which one letter H is written?

In the painting “Kermessa”, Rubens depicted a crowd of hot (1) townspeople, desperate (2) about dancing beche (3) dance.

Spelling -Н- and -НН- in suffixes of various parts of speech

This task requires knowledge of how words are formed!

Clue. You can find information about them in task B1.

Rule.

Depending on the part of speech, the rule is divided into three parts.

Full adjectives and participles.

Remember! Both parts of speech in the initial form answer the question: Which?

Remember!

Distinguish!

Short adjectives and participles.

To cope with this part of the rule, you need to know the signs of each of the parts of speech.

Nouns and adverbs.

In adverbs, the same number of N is written as in the words from which they were formed:

looked beshe?o - beshe?y (see part No. 1 of the rule: formed from the verb to enrage the imperfective form, without prefixes and suffixes -OVA / -EVA = furious = furious)

Remember!

Before you apply a rule, see if this word is an exception! These include:

mosheHHik harderHik

tribeHHik pridaHoh

settingHHik

YesHHik

bespridaHHitza

Action algorithm.

1. Determine what part of speech are the words in which -Н- or -НН- are missing. This is necessary in order to know which part of the rule to use.

2. Remember if this word is an exception.

3. Think about what word the parsed words are formed from.

4. Determine the spelling according to the rule.

Parsing the task.

In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HN is written?

His manners were not distinguished by simplicity, but were refinements (1) s. In the labyrinth of crooked, narrow and weak (2) streets, people were always scurrying about. The drivers argued with the loaders that the car was underloaded (3).

1) 1,2 2) 1,3 3) 1,2,3 4) 1

Manners (what?) of sophistication (1) s. This is a short adjective, as it can be replaced by the full form refinement ... th. We determine the writing of the full form: refinement ... th derived from the verb find, which has the prefix from-. Thus, both in full and in short form, we write two HH.

Weak (2) th (what?) Streets. This is a full adjective formed from an imperfective verb pave. The prefix non- does not affect the spelling, there are no -OVA / -EVA suffixes, there are no dependent words either. We write one N.

The machine is underloaded (3) and (what is done?). This is a short participle, as it can be replaced by a verb underloaded. In short participles, one N is written.

Thus the correct answer is 4.

Practice.

1. In which answer option are all the numbers correctly indicated, in place of which HH is written?

The house stood somewhat away from the forest; its walls here and there were renovated (1) with fresh woods, the windows were painted (2) with whitewash, a small porch on the side, decorated with (3) carvings, still smelled of resin.

The topic of the Russian language "Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives" is familiar to every student. However, after graduating from a general education institution, many people begin to forget the simplest rules and make a large number of mistakes when creating any text. In this regard, we decided to remind you of the cases in which the suffixes "n" and "nn" are written in adjectives. Also, some exceptions to the existing rules will be presented to your attention. They should be remembered.

Part of speech definition

They call the significant, which denotes a non-procedural feature of the subject, and also acts in the sentence as a definition or nominal part of the predicate and answers the following questions: “what?”, “what?”, “what?”, And also “whose?” and what?".

general information

"The spelling of 'n' and 'nn' in adjectives" is a very important topic in Russian. Indeed, without knowledge of such simple rules, it is quite difficult to compose a competent text or even a letter.

It should be especially noted that adjectives can be formed both from nouns and from verbs. Knowing these basics will allow you to better understand how many letters "n" you need to write in a particular case.

Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives derived from nouns

So, let's figure it out together, in what cases should you put -nn-:

Which adjectives that are derived from nouns use "n"?

Now you know in what cases the suffixes -nn- are written in adjectives (-onn-, -enn-, etc.), if they are formed from nouns. However, this is not enough for a competent drafting of the text. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the spelling rules for the suffixes -in-, -yan- and -an-:

1. In adjectives that are derived from nouns using the above suffixes, only 1 letter "n" is always written. Let's give an example: leather (leather), sparrow (sparrow), clay (clay), pigeon (dove), waxed (wax), crane (crane), wood (firewood), nightingale (nightingale), etc. However, all rules have your exceptions. In this case, these are the words "glass", "wood" and "tin". 2 letters "nn" are written in them, and they should be remembered.
2. In the names of adjectives that are formed without the use of any suffixes. Let's take an example: green (green). It is also necessary to remember the following words: spicy, ruddy, pig, young and united.

How many letters "n" are written in the names of adjectives that are derived from adjectives?

2 letters "n" are written if adjectives are formed from adjectives by adding the suffix -enn-, which indicates a large measure of any feature. Let's give an example: hefty, tall or wide.

Important notes regarding the rules described

The spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives has the following features:

Spelling "nn" in adjectives and participles derived from verbs

So, 2 letters "n" should be written if:

1. Adjectives are formed from verbs with prefixes. Moreover, the prefix non-almost never affects the spelling of "n" or "nn". Thus, in the adjective with, one should not write the same number of letters “n” as in the adjective without this prefix. Let's give an example: (connected, beveled, built).
2. If there are suffixes such as -eva- or -ova-. Here is an example: an organized excursion, uprooted forest, etc.). Exceptions are the following words: chewed And forged. In this case, ov- and ev- are included in the root, and are not suffixes.
3. If the sentence contains any dependent word (for example, woven from twigs).
4. If the adjective is formed from a verb that has a perfect form (for example, solved). The exception is the word "wounded".

Spelling "n" in adjectives derived from verbs

One letter "n" is written in adjectives that are derived from verbs without the use of prefixes. Let's give an example: uncut, knitted. Exceptions are the following words: sacred, slow, unprecedented, unexpected, desired, unheard of, unexpected and unexpected.

Letters "n", "nn" in short adjectives

In addition to the full names of adjectives, there are also short forms in Russian. To understand how "n" and "nn" are written in short adjectives, you should remember the rules about full ones. After all, they are the same for both forms.

Here's an example:

Important notes on the material covered

To finally figure out how to write adjectives (with "n" or "nn"), you need to consider the following features:

1. Usually the suffixes -yang- and -an- give the meaning "intended for something" or "made from a certain material." For example: wood, clothes; sandy, clay.

2. In order to correctly compose a text, one should distinguish between adjectives whose spelling is related to their meaning.

Windy, that is, "with the wind" (windy weather). Windmill, that is, “driven by the power of the wind” (wind pump). In the phrase "chicken pox" the adjective is written 1 letter "n". This is due to the fact that this word comes from "windmill".

Buttered, that is, “soaked in oil” (buttered porridge). Oily, that is, "flattering" (oily voice). Butter, that is, “diluted in butter” (butter cookies).

Silver, that is, "subjected to silvering" (silver device). Silver, that is, "made of silver" (silver bottle).

Salty, that is, "containing salt" (salted fish). Salt, that is, "consisting of salt" (salt column).

This note is addressed to those who still have not learned how to determine how many letters n write in one word or another. Or those who re-read the rules for the tenth time and cannot understand them. Make yourself tea, make sandwiches. The conversation will be serious.

How to reduce the probability of correct spelling

Easily. Write at random or because it looks so "beautiful". Or first and second at the same time.

How to increase the likelihood of correct spelling

Do not be lazy and do not skip any of the points of the algorithm. Only then will you bring the skill of determining the number of letters n in a word to automatism.

Aerobatics - determine the amount n on the run.

You can, but not right away.

Sequencing

To begin with, we always determine the part of speech. You need to do this on the question that we ask by the way.

• Noun - Who? What?
• Adjective - Which?
  • Short adjective - what?
• adverb - How?
• Participle - Which?
  • Brief Communion - what?
• verbal adjective - Which?

You already have a question: how to distinguish between those parts of speech that answer the same question?

Adjectives and participles

The adjective is derived from the noun, and the participle is derived from the verb.

Long is an adjective because it answers a question Which? and is derived from a noun length.

strewn is a participle because it answers a question Which? and is derived from the verb strew.

By the way, participles also have characteristic suffixes. In the forms of the present tense: -usch-, -yusch-, -ash-, -yashch-, -em-, -om-, -im-. In past tense forms: -vsh-, -sh-, -in-, -t-, -enn-, -yonn-, -nn-. These suffixes are used as an additional check to see if you have identified the correct part of speech.

Participles and verbal adjectives

Now we have one more problem: both participles and verbal adjectives are formed from the verb. Both answer the question Which?. How to distinguish them?

First, the verbal adjective is formed from the imperfective verb, and the participle is formed from the perfective verb.

How to determine the type of the verb? Easily. If he answers the question what to do?, then the view is imperfect (denoting an incomplete action). If he answers the question what to do?, then the view is perfect (denoting a completed action).

Secondly, verbal adjectives do not have dependent words.

A dependent word is a word to which you can ask a question from the main word.

Try to determine for yourself which of these words is a participle and which is a verbal adjective: a solved problem, a loaded car.

Answer. Solved- participle. Here are all the arguments: it answers the question Which?; derived from the verb decide; this verb is perfective because it answers the question what to do?.

loaded- verbal adjective. And here's why: answers the question Which?; derived from the verb ship; this verb is imperfective because it answers the question what to do?; dependent words are missing.

In order for a verbal adjective to become a participle, it is enough to do one of two things:

1. Add dependent word.
   A man-loaded car. loaded by whom?- human. Now this is communion.
2. Change the form of the verb.
   loaded car. Formed from a verb download which answers the question what to do? and therefore belongs to the perfect species.

Short adjectives and short participles

The sequence of actions is as follows:

1. Realized that the word answers the question what?.
2. We think from what full form the word is formed.
3. We determine the part of speech in the full form (we read the differences between adjectives and participles above).

Here is a table to illustrate.

Hooray. Now we know what part of speech our word belongs to.

Applying the rules

See how easy it is when we know the part of speech:

We also write two letters n in participles with suffixes -ova- And -Eve-.

In a word asphalted write nn because there is a suffix -ova-.

Make sure that -ova- or -Eve- were suffixes. In words forged And chewed there are no such suffixes. They have roots cove- And zhev-. These words contain one letter n, because they are verbal adjectives.

You also need to remember the words: unexpected, unexpected, seen, unseen, seen, read, heard, unheard, desired. Just remember them.

It remains to deal with adjectives, nouns and adverbs.

In adjectives and nouns we write one n only in one case: if there is a suffix -en-, -yan-, -in-: leather en th, silver yang oh, chickens in oh, sand en ik. Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.

We write in adjectives nn in the following cases:

1. In suffixes -he N-, -enn-: station he N th, time enn th.
2. If the word is formed from a noun whose stem ends in -n: tuma nn th.
   Pay special attention to the second point. Without it, you would write in a word fog one letter n because there is a suffix -en-. But this word has no suffix -en-! Why? Because -an- is part of the root. The word is formed from a noun fog, whose base ends with n. Adjectives are written by analogy pocket, long, citric and many others. Don't forget this rule.

Words windy, oily, oil are not adjectives, since they are formed from verbs: wind, oil. Here everything works according to the rules of verbal adjectives and participles. Or just remember that these three words are spelled with the same letter. n. In other cases, already with two (wind n oh no wind nn th).

OK. What about short adjectives?

Everything is simple here: the same number of letters are written in them n, how many and in total.

What about adverbs?

It's the same story here. We write the same n how much in the word from which the adverb is formed.

Slowly- adverb because it answers a question How?. Formed from an adjective slow. In this adjective we write nn in suffix -enn-, therefore, in the adverb we write the same way.

Attention! An adverb can be formed not only from an adjective, but also from other parts of speech. For example, confusingly explain. The logic here is tricky. Adverb confused derived from the word confused, which is a verbal adjective (answers the question Which?; no dependent words; formed from an imperfective verb confuse). Because the confused- verbal adjective, then in it we write one n. And if so, then in the dialect, which is formed from it, we write the same amount.

A little exercise. Explain the setting n-nn in a sentence.

Pickled mushrooms, fried sausage, buttered rye cakes, condensed milk, beef liver, baked potatoes, slightly ash-cured, and a sip of a drink infused with some outlandish drug will seem delicious in the fresh air. to the most sophisticated gourmet.

Recognition algorithm " H or HH write in words"involves the ability to determine:

1. Part of speech analyzed word (adjective, participle, noun, adverb);
2. grammatical form in which it is used (full or short);
3. Part of speech generating word ( the word from which the analyzed is formed ), and if it is a verb, then its view ;
4. Availability dependent words .

In nouns, adverbs, and compound adjectives, write as many H, how many in the original word. First find the generating word, then work according to the algorithm: dumpling - boiled - cook (non-native view); confused (reply) - confused — confuse (non-native view); confusing (think) - confusing - confuse (owl view), freshly frozen - ice cream - freeze (non-state view), non-frozen - frozen - (not) freeze (non-state view).

Remember: you need to find the adjective or participle closest in meaning.

Do not jump over a step - do not form a noun or adverb immediately from a verb or noun: oilman derived from oil (oil industry worker), but oil already from oil . According to the laws of word formation, all adverbs in -ABOUT derived from adjectives ( restrained - restrained and so on.)

Н and НН in full forms of participles and adjectives

The most difficult thing is to distinguish between H - HH in full forms adjectives and participles. Here, the distinction between adjectives and participles is not essential: the sequence of actions and the result for both are the same.

Exceptions for the specified algorithm:

1. N - windy (But: windless ), dowry, young, ruddy, crimson, pig (non-derivative words);
2. NN - glass, pewter, wood , unheard of, unseen, (not) seen, unexpected, unexpected, desired, sacred, slow, read, read, given, cursed (from obsolete okayati \u003d condemn, owl. type), unexpected, inadvertent, imperishable, cutesy, done and some others.
3. With one H they are also written possessive adjectives (answer the question whose?) with a base on -N: sheep, pheasant, crow, wild boar.
4. Verb hurt - the so-called two-species: it can appear in a sentence in the meaning of both the perfect and imperfect species. In order to correctly write Н-НН (with the exception of particularly difficult cases), it is enough to work with it as with an imperfective verb: a wounded soldier - a wounded soldier, wounded in a shootout, seriously wounded, seriously wounded.
5. Adjectives differ oil (derived from the noun oil + -yan-; meaning "for oil, from oil, on oil" (oil stain, oil paints, oil pump) and oily in the meaning of “soaked, oiled”, formed from the imperfective verb to oil (remember, before H-NN the vowel And the infinitive changes to E): butter porridge, butter pancake, butter week (Shrovetide), and also figuratively - oily eyes (eyes that shine as if soaked in oil). Compare also: windy man - chickenpox, windmill; salty mushroom (from the verb to salt) - hydrochloric acid.

Н and НН in short forms of participles and adjectives

The short form is the most common passive past participles (abandoned - abandoned, abandoned, abandoned) and adjectives (cheerful - cheerful, cheerful, fun).

The spelling of Н and НН in participles and adjectives is quite clear and concise:

1. short passive participles are written H;
2. in short adjectives - as much as in full ones.

Therefore, it is only important to determine precisely what part of speech - adjective or participle - is the word .

Remember the semantic and grammatical signs that distinguish between adjectives and participles.

1. Participle denotes an action , usually it can be replaced with a synonymous verb by "turning" the sentence or by constructing an indefinitely personal (impersonal): Barge unloaded by workers — The workers unloaded the barge ; What is written with a pen - What is written with a pen.
2. With communion, there is or you can think of dependent word in instrumental case , which denotes the producer of this action or tool: unloaded (by whom?) workers ; written(how?) pen.
3. Those words that do not meet the two criteria described above, those. are not participles, short adjectives. Let's add for greater reliability that they answer the question what? what? , usually refer to a noun and denote quality: the girl was beautiful and well educated(a hint can be a homogeneous member - a short adjective beautiful).

Seeing a word with a final -ABOUT, first check if adverb whether it is (adverb refers to the verb and answers the question How? ). If yes, please write H how much in full form. If not, then see if it is a short participle or a short adjective.

Sample. He acted recklessly.. - how did you do it? reckless..o , This adverb(in the sentence it is a circumstance), therefore, I define the generating word - deliberate (from the perfective verb). Writing: thoughtlessly .