is a syntactic unit containing a thought and consisting of one or more words. With the help of a sentence, you can express thoughts and feelings, an order, a request, etc. For example: Morning. The sun rises from the horizon. Open the window! What a wonderful morning!
The offer is minimum unit of utterance . In sentences, words are linked together by syntactic links. Therefore, sentences can be defined as strings of syntactically related words . Thanks to this, even in a text without punctuation marks (for example, in the monuments of ancient Russian writing), one can guess where one sentence ends and another begins.
Features of the offer:
- A sentence is a statement about something in the form of a message, question or motivation.
- The sentence is the basic unit of communication.
- The sentence has intonational and semantic completeness.
- The proposal has a certain structure (structure). Its core is the grammatical basis.
- The sentence has lexical and grammatical meaning.
Lexical meaning sentences are its specific content. Winter was snowy and frosty.
grammatical meaning sentences are the general meaning of sentences of the same structure, abstracted from their specific content. She went on a tour (person and action). Travelers are cold and tired (person and his condition).
Meaning and intonation offers are narrative (contain a message) interrogative(contain a question) exclamatory (pronounced with a strong feeling, with an exclamation), incentive(induce to action), for example: Golden Moscow is the best. Are you funny? And what stars! Raise your sword higher! (According to I. Shmelev)
By the presence of secondary members both one-part and two-part sentences can be uncommon (no minor members) and widespread (there are secondary members), for example: I doze (simple two-part uncommon preposition). Ice has grown on the windows (a simple two-part common preposition).
By the presence or partial absence of members of the proposal proposals can be complete and incomplete , For example: In a cold room, a Christmas tree mysteriously slumbers a (full sentence). Glass - penny (incomplete sentence, predicate released costs ). (According to I. Shmelev)
Grammatical (predicative) basis of the sentence
Offers have grammatical basis consisting of a subject and a predicate or one of them. For example: Freezing. White beauty birch. I'm afraid. There is a rainbow over Moscow. (According to I. Shmelev)
The grammatical basis may include both both main members suggestions, and one of them- subject or predicate. Stars fade and fade. Night. Freezes. (I. Nikitin)
According to the structure of the grammatical basis simple sentences are divided into two-part (with two main members) and one-component (with one main member): Trumpets rumble in the passage. It smells of rubbed floors, mastic, Christmas tree. Here is frost! (According to I. Shmelev)
By the number of grammatical bases proposals are divided into simple(one grammatical basis) and complex(two or more bases related to each other in meaning, intonationally and with the help of lexical means). For example: Our Christmas is coming from afar (simple suggestion). The priests sing under the icon, and the huge deacon cries out so terribly that my chest shudders. (complex preposition). (According to I. Shmelev)
Subject and predicate
Subject- the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the predicate and answers the questions of the nominative case Who? or What?
Ways of expressing the subject:
- A noun in the nominative case or another part of speech used in the meaning of a noun. Meanwhile sky(n.) continued to clear. Our fallen(and) - like sentries.
- Pronoun in the nominative case. You you bloom alone, and I can’t return these golden dreams, this deep faith (A. Blok).
- Infinitive. Work it was not difficult, and most importantly - fun (P. Pavlenko).
- Phraseologisms. Skillful fingers were with this master (P. Bazhov).
- Indivisible phrase. We are with a friend we left before sunrise (M. Sholokhov).
Predicate- the main member of the sentence, which is associated with the subject and answers questions what does the subject do? what happens to him? what is he? what is he? who is he?Dissuaded golden grove (S. Yesenin).
A sentence is a syntactic unit that consists of a predicatively formed word or combination of words. It serves as a message, question, or call to action.
Predicativity is an affirmation or negation of something, conveyed by the grammatical forms of the main members and the intonation of completeness, that is, intonational semantic completeness.
The following punctuation marks may appear at the end of a sentence: period, question mark, exclamation point.
The main feature of the sentence is the presence of a grammatical basis (subject and predicate or one of the main members): By morning, the flowers have blossomed. Morning. It got cold.
The subject is the main member of the sentence, which answers the questions who? What? (Everyone arrived on time).
Morphological ways of expressing the subject
1. Noun or other part of speech expressed as a noun: The meeting started on time.
2. Pronoun in the nominative case: I will definitely read this book.
3. Indefinite form of the verb: To live - to serve the motherland (Proverb).
4. Phraseologisms: In the field they went from small to large.
5. Whole phrases: Prokhor and Grigory harnessed horses (M. Sholokhov).
A simple verbal predicate is expressed by the verb in the form of one of the moods. The lexical and grammatical meaning in it is contained in one word: Spring has come unexpectedly (indicative mood).
The simple verb predicate agrees with the subject in number and person in the present and future tenses of the indicative mood and in the imperative mood (Do your homework quickly), in the number - in the past tense of the indicative mood and in the conditional mood (Suddenly he stopped talking).
A compound is a predicate in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words. A compound predicate can be nominal and verbal.
A compound verb consists of an auxiliary verb expressing grammatical meaning and an indefinite form of the verb: He began to tell.
Meanings of the auxiliary verb: the beginning, end or continuation of the action (the girl continued to tell); possibility or desirability of action (He was going to wait).
A compound nominal predicate consists of a linking verb expressing the grammatical meaning, and a nominal part expressing the lexical meaning. In the role of connectives, there can be verbs that have the meaning of movement, states: come, return, arrive: We returned from the sea rested.
The composition of the nominal predicate may include particles this, as if, as if, not: Poverty is not a vice.
The nominal part of the compound nominal predicate can be expressed:
Noun (Moscow is a hero city);
Adjective (The night was moonlit);
A brief passive communion (The whole room is illuminated with an amber brilliance. A. Pushkin);
Numeral name (Three and two will be five);
Pronoun (The notebook was mine);
Adverb (His boots fit well);
Syntactically indivisible phrase (Her dress was red).
1. Indicate the sentences in which the predicate is a compound verb.
a) The night taiga is raging around Gregory from both sides (V. Lipatov).
b) You have to go down to the Ilyinsky pool along the sloping shore (K. Paustovsky).
c) Winter began to take over the land (K. Paustovsky).
d) Everything around him will seem unusual (K. Paustovsky).
2. Indicate sentences with a simple verb predicate.
a) He walked alone, lost among the forest fields (V. Lidin).
b) Yesterday he failed to comprehend what was said (Yu. Bondarev).
c) The table settled even deeper (F. Abramov).
d) There was no need to push anyone (L. Panteleev).
3. Indicate sentences with a compound nominal predicate.
a) The windows in the hill were closed day and night (M. Sholokhov).
b) And each distance was sustained in its own light (K. Paustovsky).
c) The sea was as majestic, endless and inhospitable as it was seven years ago (A. Chekhov).
d) The students paid Levitan with reciprocal love (K. Paustovsky).
4. In which sentences are grammatical foundations incorrectly highlighted? (No punctuation marks.)
a) It began to rain (S. Borodin).
b) The horse, having sensed a lodging for the night, ran at a large trot (S. Borodin).
c) The rustle stood all over the river from fluffy shreds of foam bursting every now and then (V. Korolenko).
d) In some places the clearing was completely flooded with water (I. Turgenev).
5. In what sentences is the infinitive used as a secondary member of the sentence?
a) With the opportunity to lose her forever, Vera became dearer to him than anything in the world (M. Lermontov).
b) At any time of the year I had to go to the station from my village (V. Soloukhin).
c) The division commander, Colonel Marchenko ... after dressing, lay down to rest (M. Sholokhov).
d) I told the coachman to drive slowly (S. Borodin).
More on OFFER. GRAMMATIC (PREDICATIVE) SENTENCE BASIS. SUBJECT AND PREDICT AS MAIN MEMBERS OF THE SENTENCE:
- A8. Offer. The grammatical basis of the sentence. Subject and predicate as the main members of the sentence.
- 23. The main members of the sentence as a predicative center. Subject, predicate, their varieties and ways of expression.
- 60. Predicativity as the grammatical meaning of a sentence. polypredicative sentences. Types of polypredicative compound sentences.
- Common sentences Sentences with an adjective that extends the subject or is part of the predicate
Grammatical (predicative) basis of the sentence. Subject and predicate as the main members of the sentence.
The grammatical basis of the sentence is formed by the main members of the sentence (subject and predicate). That is, the grammatical basis of the sentence (predicative basis, core) is the main part of the sentence, which consists of its main members: the subject and the predicate.
Subject. The subject can be expressed not only by a noun or pronoun in the nominative case, but also by: 1) numeral, adjective and participle in I.P. as a noun; Seven (numeral) do not wait for one. All the past (adj. in the role of noun) I only dreamed about. 2) constructions: - numeral / several, many, part, majority, minority + noun in R.P.; A multitude of people gathered in the prince's shrine. Several ladies were walking quickly up and down the square. - someone, everyone, a lot / adjective + from + noun in R.P.; The best of the students quickly solved this problem. - someone, something + adjective, participle as a noun; Something so insignificant is tied in a scarf. - noun / pronoun + c + noun / pronoun in Tv.P. (but only if the predicate is expressed by the verb in the plural!). Vanya and I went along the forest road (plural predicate). Anna with her daughter in her arms entered the room (predicate in the singular). 3) an infinitive that names an action that does not occur in time. Living like a lord is a nobility
Predicate. The predicate in Russian is simple and compound. A simple (simple verbal) predicate is expressed by one verb in the form of some mood. Among compound predicates, there are compound verbal and compound nominal predicates.
Simple verb predicate A simple verbal predicate is expressed by one verb in the form of some mood. It can be expressed by the following forms of the verb: - the form of the present and past tense of the verb. - the future tense of the verb. - forms of the conditional and imperative mood of the verb. We emphasize that in the case of you will be expected tomorrow, the simple verb predicate is expressed by the compound form of the future tense of the verb wait.
Compound verb predicate A compound verbal predicate consists of two components - an auxiliary verb that serves to connect with the subject and expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and an indefinite form of the verb that expresses its main lexical meaning and carries the main semantic load. (Here I started - this is an auxiliary verb, and gnaw is an indefinite form of a verb that carries a semantic load.) (Here I don’t want - this is an auxiliary verb, and offend is an indefinite form of a verb that carries a semantic load.) Combinations of some short ones can act as an auxiliary verb adjectives (should, glad, ready, obliged, etc.) and the linking service verb be in the form of one of the moods (in the present tense, this link is omitted). (here the linkage will be omitted).
So, let's imagine the structure of the compound verbal predicate by the formula: COMPOSITION. VERB SKAZ. = AUX. VERB + UNDETERMINATED FORM
Compound nominal predicate A compound nominal predicate consists of two components: a linking verb that serves to connect with the subject and expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and a nominal part that expresses its main lexical meaning and carries the main semantic load. (Here the connective verb will become, and the nominal part is expressed by the adjective viscous.) (Here the connective verb will be, and the nominal part of the predicate is expressed by the noun handball player.)
Let's imagine the structure of the compound nominal predicate by the formula: COMPOSITION. NAME. SKAZ. = LINK. VERB + NOMINAL PART
The nominal part of the compound nominal predicate is expressed by the following parts of speech: noun, adjective (full and short, different forms of degrees of comparison), participle (full and short), numeral, pronoun, adverb, word of the category of state, verb in indefinite form.
If there are homogeneous predicates in the sentence, then each of them should be considered separately. 1) Most often, the definition of a simple verbal predicate, expressed in more than one word, raises doubts: I will take part in the exhibition. In this example, I will take part - a complex form of the future tense, which is defined in syntax as a simple predicate. And the combination to take part is a phraseological unit, which can be replaced by the word I participate. Therefore, we have a simple verbal predicate.
Often they make a mistake, calling the following construction simple verbal predicates: Everything in Moscow is saturated with verses, pierced with rhymes. This error is due to two factors. First, a short passive participle should be distinguished from the past tense form of the verb. The short participle has the suffixes -T-, -N-, and the verb -L-. So, impregnated, pierced - these are short passive participles. Secondly, we have a predicate that is expressed in just one word, but what is it - simple or compound (see Morphological analysis of a word with examples)? Try adding some adjective of time to the sentence, for example, at the beginning of the 20th century, and see how these forms behave. At the beginning of the 20th century, everything in Moscow was saturated with poetry, rhymes were punctured. A bunch of was appears and the predicate is already clearly becoming compound. The constructions in the present tense with the link to be are unusual for the Russian language. Agree, it sounds clearly foreign if we say: Everything in Moscow is saturated with poetry, rhymes are pierced. Thus, if in a sentence you encounter predicates expressed by short passive participles, then you are dealing with a compound nominal predicate. Remember! The words cannot, can, necessary, must be included in compound predicates. I need to get off at this stop. Trap! Be careful with the words to be, seem, be, because by highlighting only them, you can skip one more component of the predicate. She seemed funny to me. Wrong! If you select only the words seemed, then the meaning of the sentence completely changes (seemed = dreamed, dreamed, dreamed). True: She seemed funny to me. Incorrect: The teacher was strict (was = existed, lived). Right: The teacher was strict. Trap! In this task, quite complex sentences are offered for analysis and the answer options are very often similar to each other.
What "traps" can you expect here?
1) Sentences can be composed according to different models: subject + predicate; only predicate or subject (single-member sentences); subject + homogeneous predicates; homogeneous subjects + predicate. In the answer option, the subject, predicate, or one of the homogeneous subjects or predicates may be omitted.
The grammatical basis includes ALL the main members of the sentence, so the omission of one of them is a clear mistake.
2) In the answer option, the subject and predicate of different grammatical bases can be combined. 3) The subject can only be in I.P.! Answer options with nouns, pronouns not in I.P. deliberately incorrect (except when they are part of the predicate and without them the whole meaning of the sentence changes).
4) The answer option may contain participial or participle turnover, which are never included in the grammatical basis. Distinguish! The verb + noun constructions in V.P. and noun + passive participle. The coordinates were calculated. ? Coordinates calculated. In the first case, the coordinates are a noun in the accusative form that depends on the verb (i.e., the object), and in the second, it is the nominative form that agrees with the past participle (i.e., the subject). If you change each of the designs, the differences will be visible. Let's put the predicates in each of the sentences in the singular form: I calculated the coordinates. coordinate calculated. The subject and predicate always agree with each other, and the object will remain unchanged.
5) Sometimes the words which, which in complex sentences are subjects. [And shiny droplets crawled down his cheeks], (which are on the windows during the rain). (which = droplets).
Tasks. Which of the combinations of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of a complex sentence?
(1) So what is the difference between human and animal perception? (2) For an animal, only concrete things exist; its perception is inseparable from the real environment in which it lives and acts. (3) So, for example, the "television version" of a dog means nothing to a cat. (4) Man, in the process of evolution, has acquired a unique ability to create ideal images of reality in his imagination, but they no longer seem to be a direct cast from a specific thing. (5) Thanks to the development of cognitive activity, in particular, the processes of abstraction and generalization, a person can isolate any individual features of the object being studied, being distracted from all other, insignificant details. (6) Thus, a person has the ability to form a generalized image of a real thing, which allows you to see and recognize common features and qualities of various phenomena of reality.
1) perception is (sentence 2)
2) acquired the ability (sentence 4)
3) they do not appear as a cast (sentence 4)
4) which allows you to see (sentence 6)
Option number 1 is not a grammatical basis, since here the predicate is not fully represented, which distorts the meaning of the whole sentence (perception is = in the meaning of “comes, arrives somewhere for some reason”). Option number 2 is also incorrect, since it does not have a subject. Who acquired the ability? In sentence 4, the subject is the word person. Option number 3 is correct, although at first glance it seems wrong. The authors of the task are deliberately trying to confuse us. Although the word is not cast in the form of I.P., but it is part of the predicate, since without it the logic of the narrative is lost. They do not introduce themselves = Images do not call their names?! Option 4 is wrong. The subject is highlighted correctly. The word which, as we have already said, can be the subject. In the subordinate part, it is replaced by the word image and performs the same functions, that is, it is the subject. But the predicate is not fully represented. In a sentence, it - allows you to see and recognize. Thus, the right student will be the one who chooses option 3
What words are the grammatical basis in the sixth (6) sentence of the text?
(1)… (2) They are united by one desire - to know. (3) And their age is different, and the professions are very different, and the level of knowledge is completely different, but everyone strove to know more than they already know. (4) This expressed the need of millions and millions of people, eagerly absorbing all the secrets of the world, all the knowledge and skills accumulated by mankind. (5) Library visitors either studied somewhere or dreamed of studying. (6) They all needed books, but when they came to the library, they got lost in the ocean of books. (7) ... (According to K. Chukovsky).
1) books were needed, they were lost
2) they needed, they were lost
3) books were needed, coming here, they were lost
4) books were needed, they were lost in the ocean
Option 1 is correct, since in the remaining options the second ones included secondary members of the sentence in the basis: in the second, the word them is superfluous (addition, stands in D.P.), in the third there is a participle turnover that is not included in the basis of the sentence, and in the fourth there is a circumstance in the ocean.
3. What combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences (or part of it)?
(1) ... (2) She will die of hunger if the gate is strong and no one opens it, but does not think to move away from the gate and pull it towards her. (3) Only a person understands that one must be patient, work hard and do not what one wants, in order to get what one wants. (4) A person can restrain himself, not eat, not drink, not sleep, only because he knows what is good and should be done and what is bad and should not be done, but his ability to think teaches him this. (5) Some people increase it in themselves, others do not. (6)…
1) she will die (sentence 2)
2) what you want (sentence 3)
3) what is good and should do (sentence 4)
4) teaches ability (sentence 4)
This is an advanced task. Option number 1 is incorrect, since not all predicates are indicated by the authors. The proposal has a rather difficult structure for analysis. It is complex with a subordinate clause that is wedged between two homogeneous predicates. Therefore, you may not notice that in the basis it will die, you must also include the predicate will not guess to move away and pull. Option #2 is also ruled out. The verb want is impersonal and it cannot have a subject. Option 3 is similar to the previous one. This offer is also impersonal. The word must in dictionaries is defined as a category of state that is used in sentences without a subject.
Option 4 is correct.
SUBJECT - ch. a member of P., denoting the subject of thought or speech, expressed in the form of I.p, occupying a position in front of the predicate, being a structurally independent word, a component of the structural scheme, actual articulation. In direct word order - "theme". It is the carrier of a communicative feature, denoted by the predicate. The predicative relationship between the subject and the predicate is represented by 2 varieties: 1) the subject-attribute 2) the attribute-attribute.
In accordance with this, two forms of the subject are distinguished:
1) nominative - has a substantive meaning. In P. the subject-attribute relation. The house is being built noun in I.p.; local-noun; substance adj. and moreover. ( riders calmly overtook them); noun in indirect cases In a raincoat did not pass?
2) infinitive - the infinitive as a subject is not substantiated, but retains the meaning of the action out of connection with the subject and out of flow in time → an independent feature, the characteristic of which lies in the predicate. Inf. subject can be expressed as an infinitive. Getting close to a goal does not mean achieving it. The combination of the infinitive with the name - Becoming a teacher is his goal.
PREDICT - ch. a member of a two-part P, which grammatically depends on the subject and affirms or denies its predicative feature. Most often, S. denotes action ( The boy is writing, state ( The boy is sleeping, own attribute of the object ( Our language is great and mighty) what is the subject Moscow is capital of Russia). Like the subject, S. correlates with the predicate, is a component of the structural scheme and a component of the actual articulation. With active articulation, with direct word order, S. is a rheme.
Simple verb predicate expressed in one word, can be agreed and inconsistent. Agreed expressed in the indicative, imperative, subjunctive moods. With S. in the form of the imperative mood, the norm is the absence of the subject ( bring a book). inconsistent can be expressed in the form: infinitive (And he scream), verbal interjection ( He bang on the table).
The simple ones are predicates, expressed verb phraseological units (He beat the bucket all day). A simple verb predicate can be complicated: 1) verbal forms that have lost their lexical meaning ( He took and told 2) particles ( Tears are running out of his eyes.) 3) repetition of verbs ( Food-food in the open field).
Compound verb predicate- consists of 2 parts: an auxiliary part (grammatical meaning) and an infinitive (real meaning). The role of the auxiliary part is: a) phase verbs (beginning, continuation, end) become, rush, rush; b) modal verbs ( want, be able, etc.); c) emotional state verbs: love, fear and etc.; d) stable verb combinations with a modal meaning ( to have a possibility).
An auxiliary CGS component can have a two-term structure: from a link and a name. Such an auxiliary part can be expressed: 1. Kr. adj./adj. with modal meaning - glad, must, ready, obligated. 2. Ex. with the value of the qualitative characteristic - master, amateur etc. 3. Words of the state category with a modal meaning or the meaning of an emotional and ethical assessment : necessary, necessary, bad, ashamed.
Compound nominal predicate- a predicate, the main real meaning of which is expressed by a name. The grammatical meaning is expressed in a connective that indicates the person, tense, gender, mood, and also establishes a connection between the attached member and the subject. There are three types of ligaments: abstract - ch. be in all forms, performs only a grammatical function and completely loses the LZ. Semi-abstract - a verb with a weakened LZ: to appear, to become, to become, to become, to appear. Significant - verbs with a full LZ, characterizing the movement or state of an object: live, sit, lie, be born. These verbs are able to act as a predicate, but in certain constructions they function as a link.
Ways of expressing the nominal part:
1) n. in I.p. - expresses a stable, constant feature, in T.p. expresses a non-permanent, temporary sign ( Once he was a barber, but now he became a soldier); in R.p. - the noun is lexically weakened and requires adj. ( Our neighbor is not tall);
2) full/cr. adj.: kr. adj. denote impermanent qualities ( Autumn was rainy), full - constant ( He looks terrible);
3) more often short passive ( The wires have been broken);
4) places. ( Beauty is no longer the same);
5) number (number, order) ( The soldier was not alone);
6) nar. ( friend was drunk);
7) phraseological combinations ( For you it's a dark forest);
8) comparative degree adj. ( Vasya is a head taller than me)
10) infinitive ( The business of the artist is to give birth to joy).
Video lesson 1: Homogeneous members of a sentence
Video lesson 2: The grammatical basis of the sentence The main members of the sentence
Lecture: Offer. Grammatical (predicative) basis of the sentence. Subject and predicate as the main members of the sentence
Offer- a word or several words grammatically combined and having a complete meaning:Wedding! We are waiting for dear friends to celebrate on the wedding day!
Offer- the basic syntactic unit intended for communication.
We speak in sentences, which, in turn, can consist of phrases.
NB! An important formal feature of a sentence is its semantic design and intonational completeness.
Offer, its types
1. In relation to reality - affirmative and negative :
Not a soul in the audience. (negative)
We will try. (approved)
2. According to the purpose of the statement - narrative, interrogative and incentive :
Natasha tried, and she succeeded. (narration)
How do you do it? (question.)
Everything will work out, keep it up! (prompt.)
3. Emotionally - exclamatory and non-exclamatory :
Forward to the victory! (exclamation)
We fought to win, kids. (unexcited)
4. By context and speech situation - complete and incomplete:
How much time?
Nine. (incomplete)
The clock showed nine o'clock in the evening. (full)
5. According to the number of grammatical bases:
A) one grammatical basis - simple:
Mom brought juicy fruits, healthy vegetables, fresh meat and fish from the market and began to cook dinner.
Although the sentence is common, it is simple, because it consists of one subject (mother) and two predicates (brought and began to cook).
b) two or more grammatical stems – complex:
[All the products (that my mother brought from the market) were fresh].
2 grams. fundamentals, therefore it – complex.
6. Common and non-common , i.e. have or do not have secondary members:
Mom returned from the market. (distributed)
Mom is back. (non-distributed)
Grammatical (predicative) basis of the sentence
The sentence has a grammatical basis, consisting of a subject and a predicate, or one of them:
Sunset. Brightens. Natasha went to the circle.
Subject – the main member of the sentence, denoting a person or object and often answering the questions "WHO?", "WHAT?".
It is expressed:
1) Noun: Mom brought toys.
2) Pronoun: He decided to move on.
3) Numerals: Seven – lucky number.
4) Participle, adjective, adverb or pronoun in the sense of a noun: The guests sat on the balcony. Beautiful forever. "Slightly" doesn't count. Ay was heard in the distance.
5) Infinitive: smoke – harm health.
6) Word combination:
compound proper name: Ursa Minor a helped to navigate at night.
noun or pronoun in Im.p. + "with" + noun or pronoun in etc.: king with queen retired to the rooms.
numeral, pronoun (as many as, several), noun and adverb having a quantitative value + noun in R.p. ”: Most of the children passed the exam.
numeral, pronoun in Im.p. + "from" + noun or pronoun in R.p. ": Three of those who entered were familiar with us. None of the people looked at the child.
indefinite pronoun + substantiated adjective or definitive pronoun + noun or substantiated adjective (participle)": Was in Sergey something mysterious.
7) phraseological unit: Petrov has golden hands.
Predicate -the main member of a sentence, usually denoting an action, state or attribute of an object and answering the questions “what does the object do?”, “What is the object?”, “What is happening?” etc.
The predicate means grammatical and lexical meaning.
There are three types of predicate:
simple verb (PGS),
compound verb (cgs),
compound nominal (SIS).
PGS – such a predicate in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed by one verb form.
NB! The future tense is made up of two words, but the predicate is considered to be a PBC, because two words are used to express one meaning - express. incl., future tense, verb nesov. kind. The particle BY is included in the subjunctive mood of the verb, therefore, part of the PGS.
PGS is expressed:
1 ) Verb: The son ran to the playground.
2) Phraseologism or a combination of words: Peter imagined Andrei nodding.
3) Word combinations: I look, I don't look at you.
4) Verb-interjective forms: The saucer dinged and broke.
A predicate is called a compound, in which grammatical and lexical meanings are expressed by different words.
Compound Verbal Predicate (CGS) includes an auxiliary G., which expresses the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and an infinitive, expressing the lexical meaning: Brother started to study in biology.
Auxiliary G. also mean the beginning, end, duration of the action, the possibility or desirability of the action and express this G. to be able, be able, be able, be able, want, want, decide, decide, gather, wish, start, continue, finish, etc .:
From the speakers ceased to be heard songs.
Marina finished drawing, collected brushes from the table.
You can walk!
Compound nominal predicate (CIS) consists of a G. ligament and a nominal part: Grade 8 team was united.
The verb is often used – link to BE. link in present tense – zero: All is well. Makhachkala is the capital of Dagestan.
The nominal part is expressed:
1) Noun: Barbos is the dog of the Petrovs.
2) Adjectives: June rainy and cold.
3) Adverb: The blouse fit Marya.
4) Numerals: Seven plus one is eight.
5) Pronoun: Notebooks with lectures were ours.
6) Communion: Many cities were liberated from the Nazis.
7) Syntactically indivisible combination: Costume was turquoise.
| | |
