The problem of loneliness is the human mother arguments for the exam. Problems and arguments for an essay on the exam in Russian on the topic: Gratitude

The main character of the story "Yushka" is a poor blacksmith's assistant, Yefim. In the people, everyone simply calls him Yushka. This still young man, due to consumption, early turned into an old man. He was very thin, weak in hands, almost blind, but he worked with all his might. Early in the morning, Yushka was already in the forge, fanning the forge with fur, carrying water and sand. And so the whole day, until the evening. For work, he was fed cabbage soup, porridge and bread, and instead of tea, Yushka drank water. He was always dressed in old
pants and blouse, burnt through with sparks. Parents often said about him to negligent students: “Here you will be the same as Yushka. You will grow up and you will walk barefoot in the summer, and in thin boots in the winter. Children often offended Yushka on the street, threw branches and stones at him. The old man was not offended, calmly walked by. The children did not understand why they could not get Yushka out of themselves. They pushed the old man, laughed at him, and rejoiced that he could do nothing with the offenders. Yushka was also happy. He thought that the children pestered him because they loved him. They cannot express their love in any other way, and therefore they torment the unfortunate old man.
Adults were not much different from children. They called Yushka "blissful", "animal". From the meekness of Yushka, they came to even greater bitterness, often beat him. Once, after another beating, the blacksmith's daughter Dasha asked in her hearts why Yushka lives in the world at all. To which he replied that the people love him, the people need him. Dasha objected that people beat Yushka to the blood, what kind of love is that. And the old man replied that the people love him "without a clue", that "the heart in people is sometimes blind." And then one evening a passer-by clung to Yushka on the street and pushed the old man so that he fell backwards. Yushka no longer got up: the blood went down his throat and he died.
And after a while a young girl appeared, she was looking for an old man. It turned out that Yushka placed her, an orphan, in Moscow with a family, then taught at school. He collected his meager salary, denying himself even tea in order to raise the orphan to his feet. And so the girl trained as a doctor and came to cure Yushka of his illness. But didn't have time. It's been a long time. The girl stayed in the city where Yushka lived, worked as a doctor in a hospital, always helped everyone and never took money for treatment. And everyone called her the daughter of the good Yushka.

So at one time people could not appreciate the beauty of the soul of this man, their heart was blind. They considered Yushka a useless person who has no place on earth. To understand that the old man did not live his life in vain, they could only learn about his pupil. Yushka helped a stranger, an orphan. How many are capable of such a noble selfless act? And Yushka saved up his pennies so that the girl would grow up, learn, use her chance in life. The veil from the eyes of people fell only after his death. And now they are already talking about him as a "good" Yushka.
The author urges us not to become stale, not to harden our hearts. Let our heart "see" the need of every person on earth. After all, all people have the right to life, and Yushka also proved that he did not live it in vain.

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1. In the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”, the characters are on opposite sides of the barricades, because they are representatives of different generations. Their conflict occurs, it would seem, out of the blue, but under it lie serious reasons that have made themselves felt for more than one century. Every time, every century, fathers and children quarrel and do not find a common language. So it is in the book: Evgeny and Pavel Petrovich disliked each other at first sight. The owner of the house did not even give a hand, and the guest rudely and mockingly brought his charter into a strange monastery. The aristocrat saw an ill-mannered and arrogant upstart in the raznochinets, and the scientist and physician considered the idle gentleman a worthless and empty person. And all because times are changing, and fathers cannot adapt to changes, and children do not want to learn from their experience because of self-confidence. Pavel Petrovich could teach Yevgeny Vasilyevich a lot, namely tact, restraint and manners. And Bazarov could introduce the old people into a new world of transformations. But both generations cannot understand and hear each other, and the reason for this conflict is the uncompromising and categorical nature of fathers and children.
2. In the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”, some reasons are revealed that explain the reluctance of many children to learn from the experience of their elders. From Anna's personal history, we learn that their father went bankrupt from senseless and excessive revelry. As a result, the man left the children to their fate, because women at that time could not work, and without capital as a dowry, they could not get married. He ruined their future with his irresponsibility. Because of him, Odintsova actually sold herself, becoming the wife of an unloved person. She did this to provide for her younger sister. Of course, after this, children's trust in their fathers is greatly weakened, and they no longer want to learn anything from them. Thus, the older generation sometimes discredits itself before its descendants, so they break the historical ties between the past and the future.

N. V. Gogol, Dead Souls

• N. V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" tells about the childhood of the protagonist. His father radically influenced his worldview. Little Pavlusha learned from him the strictest economy, and also learned from an early age the importance of money. He remembered the covenant "Take care of a penny" for the rest of his life. The man also taught his son to please the bosses, to be friends only with the rich, and more than anything in the world to appreciate the “penny”, because she alone will not sell or deceive. Wanting, apparently, to please his father, the boy began to engage in entrepreneurship at school, and there he acquired unscrupulousness, which allowed him to later move on to serious frauds. So, the wrong upbringing led to a deplorable result: Chichikov turned into a swindler and a swindler who never found truly close people.
• N. V. Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" tells the tragedy of the Plyushkin family. After the death of his kind and hospitable wife, the head of the family began to go crazy. From a thrifty and industrious owner, he began to turn into a hard-hearted miser. His suspicion and greed began to reflect on the children. The eldest daughter ran away from home, and her father cursed her, but then forgave her when she brought him grandchildren. At the same time, he flatly refused to help her and her children, although his storerooms were bursting with supplies. The fate of the son was even more tragic. When he asked for money for a uniform, having settled in the army, the old man angrily sent him a curse. The young man got into gambling debts, but even then the father did not even think about helping his son out, although the young man was threatened with dishonor. The youngest daughter of the landowner died, remaining with him in the house. It is not surprising that Plyushkin vegetated alone, because he himself dispersed all his children, and even starved half of the servants. Thus, parents do not always lose the support of their children due to the selfishness of the younger generation. Sometimes they themselves become the culprits of their misfortune.

• Ingratitude to parents is always a tragedy, both for fathers and children, just not everyone realizes its detrimental effect on a person’s fate in time. Such an example was described by A. S. Pushkin in the book “The Stationmaster”. Dunya lived happily with her father and ran their modest household until another guest came to them. It was captain Minsky, who was immediately struck by the beauty of the heroine. She was a blue-eyed blonde with a flirtatious manner and a lovely face. The man suddenly fell ill and stayed with the caretaker in the house for several days, while Samson's daughter innocently looked after him. The father did not suspect anything and let his daughter go to church, where the captain drove her after her recovery. However, the girl never returned home. She went to the capital to seek a better life, becoming the mistress of an officer. Of course, Vyrin begged for a vacation in order to find the girl and take her back. However, there he was met with a cold welcome. Minsky did not want to give Dunya away, and she fainted at the sight of her father. Samson was thrown out the door. Having lost hope, he drank himself and soon died of anguish. A few years later, Mrs. Minsky sobbed at his grave. She realized late how unfair she had been to her loving father.
• A. S. Pushkin in the book "The Stationmaster" described an example from which we can conclude that proper education is the most important science that every parent must master. Samson Vyrin spoiled his daughter very much, he always trusted her, although she was flirtatious and immodest for her young years. She freely communicated with the guests, the narrator even allowed a kiss. Therefore, the reader was not surprised by the fact that she left with the captain without warning her father. It’s all the fault of the wrong upbringing, because Vyrin did not control the conversations of the guest and Dunya in any way, did not talk to her about the dangers of men who offer chaste girls an escape from their father’s house. Naturally, the girl could not resist the eloquent promises of a luxurious life, because she was inexperienced and too young. If the father had devoted more time to her upbringing, if he had controlled his daughter more, then perhaps the tragedy would not have happened. Therefore, it is very important not only to take care of children, but also to form their sense of responsibility, conscience and integrity.

A. S. Pushkin, "Dubrovsky"

• A. S. Pushkin in the book "Dubrovsky" described the conflict between fathers and children, which ended tragically for both sides. Troekurov decided to profitably marry his daughter to the rich Vereisky, who also lived nearby. However, he was not embarrassed by the fact that this marriage was unequal: Masha was a young girl, and her fiancé was an old man. Of course, the heroine threw herself at her father's feet with a plea to save her from the hated burden. She fell in love with Dubrovsky and wanted to become his wife. But Kirilla Petrovich was not one of the sentimental fathers and simply locked his daughter at home in anticipation of the wedding. Then Masha sent a letter to Vereisky with a request to cancel the engagement, but this only accelerated the preparations for the wedding of the couple. Vladimir did not know about the postponement of the date and arrived late, the heroine was already married and refused to go with him. So, the father doomed his own daughter to a life full of grief in the arms of an unloved person. It is unlikely that she will ever forgive him, family relations are forever ruined. This is what the confrontation between generations leads to if it is not stopped in time.
• A. S. Pushkin in the book "Dubrovsky" gave an example of how a father and son can understand each other well if they are both honest and noble people. Vladimir loved his parent and at his first call came to Kistenevka. Both heroes are very similar: proud, courageous and principled. The elder Dubrovsky could not bear the insult and died, but with dignity he defended his independence from his wealthy neighbor. He alone did not play nice with the almighty Troekurov, but kept himself on an equal footing with him, as if there was no difference between them. Vladimir grew up the same way. He did not try to ask the enemy to retreat, he did not ask and did not beg, although these lands were his only property. The hero drove Troekurov away, and then burned down his own house, which was appropriated by a neighbor. Without a doubt, his further actions would be fully justified by his father, he would be proud of his boy. Therefore, I do not agree that fathers and children must necessarily be at enmity or not find a common language. This is not an eternal conflict of everyone with everyone, but special cases that are easy to fix if you want.

I. A. Goncharov, "Oblomov"

• Fathers largely determine the fate of their children, because they are responsible for the upbringing that shapes the worldview of their offspring. A good example was described by I. A. Goncharov in the novel Oblomov. The protagonist became a lazy and idle person with no prospects, because his family pushed him to this from childhood. In Oblomovka, none of the owners really did anything. In the morning everyone ate, then drank tea, then slept and ate again, and until the evening you can lie down until the food is served again. Such an existence lulled the initially active and inquisitive boy. He just couldn't act any different when he moved to the city. The habit of a well-fed and idle quagmire of days remained in Oblomov's mind the ideal that he was looking for in everything and found in the house of Agafya Pshenitsyna. His fate was predetermined by his parents, who spoiled and spoiled the child from the very beginning.
• The future of children largely depends on the past of the fathers, who invested in their descendants what they wanted. For example, I. A. Goncharov described in the novel Oblomov an example of the correct upbringing of the younger generation. Stolz Sr. did not spoil his son, but he took care of his education. At home, he received all the skills and abilities necessary for life. In his youth, Andrei went to conquer a big city without money and his father's patronage. The old man wisely reasoned that the young man should make his own way. This harsh science disciplined and motivated the hero. He became a successful self-made entrepreneur. He developed useful qualities: the ability to save and negotiate, courtesy and prudence, efficiency and hard work. Unlike his friend Oblomov, Stolz realized his potential and moved forward. It is obvious that the right upbringing can make the future of the child cloudless.

A. S. Griboyedov, "Woe from Wit"

• Unfortunately, the bad influence of fathers has a detrimental effect on children. In the comedy "Woe from Wit" by A. S. Griboyedov, Famusov himself professes false values ​​and imposes them on his daughter. In his opinion, her fiancé can be a nonentity, but only rich and promising. Also, he is not embarrassed that his son-in-law will grovel and be hypocritical, just to get a rank. And her father is against education, so Sophia was content only with reading novels. Naturally, such a prioritization in the upbringing of the girl played an important role in the formation of her bad inclinations. She calmly deceives her father, meeting with Molchalin, shamelessly lies to the guests, accusing Chatsky of insanity. The heroine does not see anything wrong with lies, because her father also does not condemn hypocrisy. He welcomes everything that leads a person to success, and his daughter learned a lesson: you can achieve your goal by any means. This is how the sins of the fathers are passed on to the children.
• Of course, mature people are experienced and authoritative, but not always right. We can find proof in the play by A. S. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit”. The generation of fathers stands up for conservatism and wins over to their side the youth, who do not argue, but adjust to the old people in order to get a high rank. For example, Famusov does not recognize the need for education and advocates the preservation of serfdom. He approves of vices: hypocrisy, careerism, cruelty for fun. The master does not even consider his red tape for the maid to be shameful. He himself worries only about public opinion, so in the finale he exclaims: “Oh my God, what will Princess Marya Aleksevna say!”. The scandal itself is nothing, the main thing is what important people think of you. Such a worldview can in no way be called correct, because it retains all the shortcomings of antiquity and does not accept positive updates.

A. N. Ostrovsky, "Thunderstorm"

• In the play by A. N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm", the conflict of generations takes on a frightening scale. Kabanikha and Dikoy bring the youth to extremes: Katerina passes away, Varya runs away from home, Tikhon accuses his mother of a crime, and Boris refuses love, fearing to be left without security. These terrible consequences of the conflict between fathers and children actually deprived Kalinov of a bright future, because there is simply no one to do it. In an unequal struggle, what is doomed to a quick death has won, and there is no one else to protect new values ​​and guidelines. The older generation, with their despotism and conservatism, doomed the city to stagnation. Therefore, we observe in Kalinov the dominance of ignorance, social stratification and hypocritical mores of the Middle Ages. Obviously, the "fathers" are far from always right, because over time their value system becomes outdated and needs to be updated, which only a new generation can bring.
• Why don't fathers and children get along? The fact is that they developed in different conditions, so they are not destined to fully understand each other. For example, in A. N. Ostrovsky's play "Thunderstorm", the younger generation differs significantly from the older one. If Kabanikha and Dikoy grew up in a sanctimonious atmosphere of patriarchal merchant class, then young people are growing up in a world where there is an alternative to Domostroy. In front of them, Kuligin debunks the ignorant stereotypes of wanderers, and Katerina, who received a noble upbringing, delivers lofty speeches about freedom. Naturally, Varvara and Tikhon behave differently in such an environment than their ancestors. On the threshold of a new time, when a man will not trample on the rights of a woman, when people will understand that Elijah the prophet does not ride through the heavens. But the fathers are not ready to give up power just like that. They defend their rightness, afraid to admit defeat. They cherish what they believe in. Therefore, conflict is inevitable. Neither side will be able to understand the other, because between them lay the abyss of time.

F. M. Dostoevsky, "Crime and Punishment"

Children suffer the most from the mistakes of fathers. For example, Sonya Marmeladova in Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" is forced to sacrifice herself in order to feed her family. Her father married a widow of many children to help her provide for the children, while she got drunk and lost her job. Naturally, the Marmeladovs were terribly hungry, every penny went to the tavern. Unable to bear the reproaches and tantrums of her stepmother, the heroine went to the panel. Only her shameful craft brought the money necessary for life. Meanwhile, the father did not repent of the evil he had done. He continued to drink and felt sorry only for himself, telling people in the tavern about his unfortunate fate. Part of the money obtained at the cost of shame went to encourage the alcoholism of the father of the family. Thus, it is the sins of the fathers that place a heavy burden on the fragile shoulders of children, and it is incredibly difficult for them to start their life journey by correcting other people's mistakes.

Not all children are like their parents, there are exceptions to the rule. For example, Sonya Marmeladova from Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" differs significantly from her miserable father. While Marmeladov Sr. pities only himself and only cares about satisfying his pernicious passion for alcoholic beverages, his daughter, at the cost of unimaginable sacrifices, saves the family from starvation, and feeds a strange woman and other people's children. At the same time, she does not rant about how hard it is for her to live in taverns and taverns. The girl, in her occupation, manages not to sink into the pool of vice. She kept her soul pure no matter what. But her father broke down under the onslaught of life's difficulties. Thus, children are not always copies of their parents. The new generation can correct the mistakes of the old and become much better.

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Perhaps, for any student, the most difficult part in the exam in the Russian language is the composition of part C. And the paragraph, which, presumably, should contain arguments, can even lead to hysteria. What to write? How to write? And most importantly, what literary works to choose? Everything is not so scary! On our site you will find arguments for composing part C on almost all topics! What's more, this page is constantly being updated as we post more and more arguments! Come to us more often, and you will feel quite calm and confident at the Unified State Examination in Russian. For ease of understanding, we group the arguments into tables by topic. Save the tables you need or just learn them, and then you will not need to re-read a bunch of literary works in order to write an essay in part C well. So, the arguments!

THE PROBLEM OF EXTRA PERSON!

1) The problem of the “superfluous person” has been reflected in Russian literature more than once. The “superfluous person” is a special concrete historical socio-psychological variety of the more general type of “strange person”. “Superfluous person“ we can also call the main character of the work Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time" Pechorin. The personality of Pechorin in the novel is wider than his time, environment, specific circumstances, the social roles offered to him by society. Awareness of oneself as a spiritually free holistic person, responsible not only for individual actions, but also for choosing a life position, for fulfilling one’s “high purpose”, and at the same time, a tragic misunderstanding of one’s destiny makes Pechorin an “extra person”.

2) Another hero, which can be called "Extra Man", is the hero of the same name novel in verse by Eugene Onegin. Onegin lives according to the principles of the surrounding society, but at the same time he is far from it. Belonging to the light, he despises it. Onegin does not find his true purpose and place in life, he is burdened by his loneliness. It is Eugene Onegin who opens up a whole "gallery of superfluous people" in Russian literature.

THE PROBLEM OF HEAVY CHILDHOOD!

1) We will find many works of Russian classical literature that reflect this problem. Let us recall, for example, the little twelve-year-old Vaska from Kuprin's works "In the depths of the Earth", who is forced to work in a mine, which seems to him a strange and incomprehensible monster. Vaska is also a child with a stolen childhood. He is forced to go to work in the mine, although he does not understand the morals that prevail among the workers, and the work itself is too hard for a boy of twelve years.

2) Not only literary works teach us to appreciate what we have. Real stories about children participating in the military battles of the Great Patriotic War are known to almost every child. We remember the names of Leni Golikov, Vali Kotik, Zina Portnova, Nadia Bogdanova. All of them lost their childhood in the war, and some of their lives.

THE PROBLEM OF BRIBERY AND OFFICIALS!

1) Recall the work N.V. Gogol's "Inspector". Having learned about the arrival of the auditor, officials are terribly frightened and try to “prepare” for his arrival. For example, the trustee of charitable institutions is advised to dress the sick in clean caps, and in general, to make sure that there are fewer sick people. As a result, all officials decide to give Khlestakov, who is taken for an auditor, a bribe “supposedly in debt”. All this shows that already in the time of Nikolai Vasilyevich, bribery and lawlessness of officials were a rather big problem.

2) B "Divine Comedy" Dante in one of the circles of hell into a moat filled with boiling tar, devils throw bribe-takers. The devils also make sure that the bribe-takers do not stick out of the boiling tar, and those who stick out, they hit with hooks.

THE PROBLEM OF FATHERS AND CHILDREN!

1)“Fathers and Sons” I. S. Turgenev. The protagonist of the novel, Yevgeny Bazarov, denies all kinds of feelings, friendship, love. He never shows his warm attitude towards his parents, who are madly in love with their son and admire him. The hero has little contact with his parents, after a long separation he leaves, having stayed only a few days .... Only before his death does Bazarov realize how much he really loves them.

2) “The stationmaster” A. S. Pushkin. The author tells us the story of a poor stationmaster whose only joy was his beloved daughter. But the girl leaves her father. He tries to find her, even just to see her, but he is kicked out of his daughter's house. And only after his death, when the girl comes to visit her father, she realizes what she has done.

THE PROBLEM OF FATE IN HUMAN LIFE!

1) Ballad Zhukovsky "Lyudmila". The main idea of ​​Zhukovsky's ballad, written in imitation of Burger's Lenore, was the conviction that it is a sin to complain about fate. Lyudmila, who has lost her fiancé, is exactly grumbling at fate, so her prayer becomes heard by heaven. A dead fiance comes for Lyudmila, who takes her to the grave.

2) “A Hero of Our Time” by M. Yu. Lermontov. In the chapter “The Fatalist” of the novel by M. Yu. Leromontov, we also encounter questions of fate. The officers start an argument about whether a person's fate is written in heaven. Lieutenant Vulich is called in to resolve the dispute, who randomly takes a weapon from the wall, decides to shoot himself in the head and ... misfires! But Pechorin is sure that he saw the seal of death on his face. And indeed, Vulich dies on the same evening at the hands of a drunken Cossack.

THE PROBLEM OF THE “LITTLE MAN”, RELATIONSHIPS OF A STRONG PERSON TO A WEAK PERSON!

1) "Overcoat" N. V. Gogol. The problem of the “little man” has been reflected in Russian literature more than once. Let us recall the main character of the story “The Overcoat” by N.V. Gogol. Akaky Akakievich is a typical image of a “little man”: a humiliated and disenfranchised official who has worked all his life in the department, rewriting papers. The theft of a new overcoat becomes a tragedy for this hero. Akaki Akakievich tries to seek help from higher officials, but does not find a response in society. And everyone to whom he addresses considers his problem insignificant and not worthy of attention.

2) "The Stationmaster" by A. S. Pushkin. Another example of reflecting the problem of the “little man” is the work of A. S. Pushkin “The Stationmaster”. In this work, the author tells us the story of Samson Vyrin, whose only daughter leaves with a hussar and leaves her poor father. Vyrin can't even see his daughter! He feels a huge gulf between him, his life and the new position in the society of his Dunya. And not reconciled to the betrayal of his daughter, he dies.

THE PROBLEM OF MORAL CHOICE!

1)"Master and Margarita" M.A. Bulgakov. This problem was reflected more than once in Russian classical literature. Let us recall Mikhail Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita, in which Woland and his entourage tempt Muscovites, who over and over again make the wrong choice, for which they receive their punishment. Nikanor Ivanovich Bosoy takes a bribe, the barman cheats, Styopa Likhodeev debauches... And, of course, speaking of moral choice, one cannot help but recall Pontius Pilate, who was never able to make the right choice. After all, he realizes too late that “this afternoon he has irretrievably missed something.”

2) "Eugene Onegin" A.S. Pushkin. Another literary hero, who also could not make a choice in good conscience, is Eugene Onegin. The hero understands that his duel with Lensky is absolutely meaningless, but he accepts the challenge anyway. Why? A.S. Pushkin gives a quite unambiguous answer: “And this is public opinion! Spring of honor, our idol! And this is what the world revolves on! That is, for Onegin, public opinion was more important than the life of a friend. But if the hero tried to make a choice based on his conscience, then everything would end well.

THE PROBLEM IS THE INFLUENCE OF NATURE ON HUMANS AND CAREFUL ATTITUDE TO HER!

1)A word about Igor's regiment. Nature reflects the state of mind of the heroes, indicates danger, warns the princes.

2)"War and Peace" L. N. Tolstoy. Natasha Rostova admires the beauty of the night landscape in Otradnoye, he inspires him. And the changes that take place in the soul of Andrei Bolkonsky are reflected in the external appearance of the oak, which he sees, going to Otradnoye and back. Oak here is a symbol of change and a new, better life.

3) "Grandfather Mazai and Hares" N. A. Nekrasov. The hero of the poem during the spring flood saves drowning hares, collecting them in a boat, cures two sick animals. The forest is his native element, and he worries about all its inhabitants.

Discussion is closed.

THE PROBLEM OF RESISTANCE AND COURAGE OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY DURING MILITARY TESTS

1. In the novel by L.N. Tostoy's "War and Peace" Andrei Bolkonsky convinces his friend Pierre Bezukhov that the battle is won by an army that wants to defeat the enemy at all costs, and does not have a better disposition. On the Borodino field, every Russian soldier fought desperately and selflessly, knowing that behind him was the ancient capital, the heart of Russia, Moscow.

2. In the story of B.L. Vasiliev "The Dawns Here Are Quiet..." Five young girls who opposed German saboteurs died defending their homeland. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Liza Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. Anti-aircraft gunners showed courage and endurance, showed themselves to be true patriots.

THE PROBLEM OF TENDERNESS

1. an example of sacrificial love is Jane Eyre, the heroine of the novel of the same name by Charlotte Brontë. Jen happily became the eyes and hands of the person she loved most when he went blind.

2. In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Marya Bolkonskaya patiently endures the severity of her father. She treats the old prince with love, despite his difficult character. The princess does not even think about the fact that her father is often unnecessarily demanding of her. Mary's love is sincere, pure, bright.

THE PROBLEM OF PRESERVING HONOR

1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" for Pyotr Grinev, the most important life principle was honor. Even before the threat of the death penalty, Peter, who swore allegiance to the empress, refused to recognize the sovereign in Pugachev. The hero understood that this decision could cost him his life, but a sense of duty prevailed over fear. Aleksey Shvabrin, on the contrary, committed a betrayal and lost his own dignity when he went over to the camp of an impostor.

2. The problem of preserving honor is raised in the story by N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba". The two sons of the protagonist are completely different. Ostap is an honest and courageous person. He never betrayed his comrades and died like a hero. Andriy is a romantic nature. For the love of a Polish woman, he betrays his homeland. His personal interests come first. Andriy dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal. Thus, one should always remain honest, first of all, with oneself.

THE PROBLEM OF LOYAL LOVE

1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova love each other. Peter defends the honor of his beloved in a duel with Shvabrin, who insulted the girl. In turn, Masha saves Grinev from exile when she "asks for mercy" from the Empress. Thus, at the heart of the relationship between Masha and Peter is mutual assistance.

2. Selfless love is one of the themes of M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" A woman is able to accept the interests and aspirations of her lover as her own, helps him in everything. The master writes a novel - and this becomes the content of Margarita's life. She rewrites white-washed chapters, trying to keep the master calm and happy. In this, a woman sees her destiny.

THE PROBLEM OF REPENTANCE

1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" shows a long way to repentance of Rodion Raskolnikov. Confident in the validity of his theory of "permission of blood in conscience", the protagonist despises himself for his own weakness and does not realize the gravity of the crime committed. However, faith in God and love for Sonya Marmeladova lead Raskolnikov to repentance.

THE PROBLEM OF SEARCHING FOR THE MEANING OF LIFE IN THE MODERN WORLD

1. In the story of I.A. Bunin "The Gentleman from San Francisco", the American millionaire served the "golden calf". The main character believed that the meaning of life lies in the accumulation of wealth. When the Master died, it turned out that true happiness passed him by.

2. In Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" Natasha Rostova sees the meaning of life in the family, love for family and friends. After the wedding with Pierre Bezukhov, the main character abandons social life, devotes herself entirely to the family. Natasha Rostova found her destiny in this world and became truly happy.

THE PROBLEM OF LITERARY IllITERACY AND LOW LEVEL OF EDUCATION AMONG YOUTH

1. In "Letters about the good and the beautiful" D.S. Likhachev claims that a book educates a person better than any work. A well-known scientist admires the ability of a book to educate a person, to form her inner world. Academician D.S. Likhachev comes to the conclusion that it is books that teach to think, make a person intelligent.

2. Ray Bradbury in Fahrenheit 451 shows what happened to mankind after all books were completely destroyed. It may seem that in such a society there are no social problems. The answer lies in the fact that it is simply soulless, since there is no literature that can make people analyze, think, make decisions.

CHILD EDUCATION PROBLEM

1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant care from parents and educators. As a child, the main character was an inquisitive and active child, but excessive care led to Oblomov's apathy and lack of will in adulthood.

2. In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" in the Rostov family reigns the spirit of mutual understanding, fidelity, love. Thanks to this, Natasha, Nikolai and Petya became worthy people, inherited kindness, nobility. Thus, the conditions created by the Rostovs contributed to the harmonious development of their children.

THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONALISM

1. In the story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying ..." Smolensk doctor Janson is working tirelessly. The protagonist in any weather hurries to help the sick. Thanks to his responsiveness and professionalism, Dr. Janson managed to win the love and respect of all the inhabitants of the city.

2.

THE PROBLEM OF SOLDIER'S FATE IN WAR

1. The fate of the main characters of the story by B.L. Vasiliev "And the dawns here are quiet ...". Five young anti-aircraft gunners opposed the German saboteurs. The forces were not equal: all the girls died. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Liza Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The girls became an example of perseverance and courage.

2. V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" tells about two partisans who were captured by the Germans during the Great Patriotic War. The further fate of the soldiers was different. So Rybak betrayed his homeland and agreed to serve the Germans. Sotnikov refused to give up and chose death.

THE PROBLEM OF EGOISM OF A MAN IN LOVE

1. In the story of N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba" Andriy, because of his love for a Pole, went over to the camp of the enemy, betrayed his brother, father, homeland. The young man, without hesitation, decided to go out with weapons against his yesterday's comrades. For Andrii, personal interests come first. A young man dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal and selfishness of his youngest son.

2. It is unacceptable when love becomes an obsession, as in the case of the protagonist P. Syuskind's "Perfumer. The Story of a Murderer". Jean-Baptiste Grenouille is not capable of high feelings. All that is of interest to him is smells, the creation of a fragrance that inspires people to love. Grenouille is an example of an egoist who commits the most serious crimes to carry out his meta.

THE PROBLEM OF BETRAYAL

1. In the novel by V.A. Kaverin "Two Captains" Romashov repeatedly betrayed the people around him. At school, Romashka overheard and informed the head of everything that was said about him. Later, Romashov went so far as to collect information proving Nikolai Antonovich's guilt in the death of Captain Tatarinov's expedition. All the actions of Chamomile are low, destroying not only his life but also the fate of other people.

2. Even deeper consequences are entailed by the act of the hero of the story V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember". Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. This irreparable mistake not only dooms him to loneliness and expulsion from society, but also causes the suicide of his wife Nastya.

THE PROBLEM OF DECEPTIONAL APPEARANCE

1. In Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Helen Kuragina, despite her brilliant appearance and success in society, does not have a rich inner world. Her main priorities in life are money and fame. Thus, in the novel, this beauty is the embodiment of evil and spiritual decline.

2. In Victor Hugo's Notre Dame Cathedral, Quasimodo is a hunchback who has overcome many difficulties throughout his life. The appearance of the protagonist is completely unsightly, but behind it lies a noble and beautiful soul, capable of sincere love.

THE PROBLEM OF BETRAYAL IN WAR

1. In the story of V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember" Andrey Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. At the beginning of the war, the main character fought honestly and courageously, went to reconnaissance, never hid behind the backs of his comrades. However, after a while, Guskov thought about why he should fight. At that moment, selfishness took over, and Andrei made an irreparable mistake, which doomed him to loneliness, expulsion from society and caused the suicide of his wife Nastya. Pangs of conscience tormented the hero, but he was no longer able to change anything.

2. In V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" partisan Rybak betrays his homeland and agrees to serve "great Germany". His comrade Sotnikov, on the other hand, is an example of resilience. Despite the unbearable pain he experiences during the torture, the partisan refuses to tell the truth to the police. The fisherman realizes the baseness of his act, wants to run away, but understands that there is no turning back.

THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF LOVE FOR THE HOMELAND ON CREATIVITY

1. Yu.Ya. Yakovlev in the story "Awakened by Nightingales" writes about the difficult boy Selyuzhenka, whom those around him did not like. One night, the protagonist heard the trill of a nightingale. Beautiful sounds struck the child, aroused interest in creativity. Selyuzhenok enrolled in an art school, and since then the attitude of adults towards him has changed. The author convinces the reader that nature awakens the best qualities in the human soul, helps to reveal the creative potential.

2. Love for the native land is the main motive of the painter A.G. Venetsianov. His brush belongs to a number of paintings dedicated to the life of ordinary peasants. "Reapers", "Zakharka", "Sleeping Shepherd" - these are my favorite canvases of the artist. The life of ordinary people, the beauty of Russia's nature prompted A.G. Venetsianov to create paintings that have attracted the attention of viewers for more than two centuries with their freshness and sincerity.

THE PROBLEM OF INFLUENCE OF CHILDHOOD MEMORIES ON HUMAN LIFE

1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" the main character considers childhood the happiest time. Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant care from his parents and educators. Excessive care caused Oblomov's apathy in adulthood. It seemed that love for Olga Ilyinskaya was supposed to wake up Ilya Ilyich. However, his way of life remained unchanged, because the way of his native Oblomovka forever left a mark on the fate of the protagonist. Thus, childhood memories influenced the life of Ilya Ilyich.

2. In the poem "My Way" S.A. Yesenin admitted that childhood played an important role in his work. Once at the age of nine, inspired by the nature of his native village, the boy wrote his first work. Thus, childhood predetermined the life path of S.A. Yesenin.

THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A LIFE PATH

1. The main theme of the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" - the fate of a man who failed to choose the right path in life. The writer emphasizes that apathy and inability to work turned Ilya Ilyich into an idle person. The lack of willpower and any interests did not allow the main character to become happy and realize their potential.

2. From M. Mirsky's book "Healing with a scalpel. Academician N.N. Burdenko" I learned that the outstanding doctor first studied at the seminary, but soon realized that he wanted to devote himself to medicine. Entering the university, N.N. Burdenko became interested in anatomy, which soon helped him become a famous surgeon.
3. D.S. Likhachev, in "Letters about the Good and the Beautiful," argues that "one must live life with dignity, so as not to be ashamed to remember." With these words, the academician emphasizes that fate is unpredictable, but it is important to remain a generous, honest and not indifferent person.

THE PROBLEM OF DOG DEFOY

1. In the story of G.N. Troepolsky "White Bim Black Ear" tells the tragic fate of the Scottish Setter. Beam the dog is desperately trying to find his owner, who is having a heart attack. Along the way, the dog encounters difficulties. Unfortunately, the owner finds the pet after the dog was killed. Bim can certainly be called a true friend, devoted to the owner until the end of his days.

2. In Eric Knight's novel Lassie, the Carraclough family has to give up their collie to other people due to financial hardship. Lassie yearns for her former owners, and this feeling only intensifies when the new owner takes her away from her home. Collie escapes and overcomes many obstacles. Despite all the difficulties, the dog is reunited with the former owners.

THE PROBLEM OF SKILLS IN ART

1. In the story of V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician" Pyotr Popelsky had to overcome many difficulties in order to find his place in life. Despite his blindness, Petrus became a pianist who, with his playing, helped people become purer in heart and kinder in soul.

2. In the story of A.I. Kuprin "Taper" boy Yuri Agazarov is a self-taught musician. The writer emphasizes that the young pianist is surprisingly talented and hardworking. The boy's talent does not go unnoticed. His playing amazed the famous pianist Anton Rubinstein. So Yuri became known throughout Russia as one of the most talented composers.

THE PROBLEM OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LIFE EXPERIENCE FOR WRITERS

1. In Boris Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago, the protagonist is fond of poetry. Yuri Zhivago is a witness of the revolution and civil war. These events are reflected in his poems. So life itself inspires the poet to create beautiful works.

2. The theme of the writer's vocation is raised in Jack London's novel "Martin Eden". The protagonist is a sailor who has been doing hard physical labor for many years. Martin Eden visited different countries, saw the life of ordinary people. All this became the main theme of his work. So life experience allowed a simple sailor to become a famous writer.

THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC ON THE MENTAL STATE OF A HUMAN

1. In the story of A.I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet" Vera Sheina experiences spiritual purification to the sounds of Beethoven's sonata. Listening to classical music, the heroine calms down after her trials. The magical sounds of the sonata helped Vera find inner balance, find the meaning of her future life.

2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria "Casta Diva" evoke feelings in his soul that he has never experienced. I.A. Goncharov emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov did not feel "such vivacity, such strength, which seemed to rise from the bottom of the soul, ready for a feat."

THE PROBLEM OF MOTHER'S LOVE

1. In the story of A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" describes the scene of Pyotr Grinev's farewell to his mother. Avdotya Vasilyevna was depressed when she learned that her son had to leave for a long time to work. Saying goodbye to Peter, the woman could not hold back her tears, because for her nothing could be harder than parting with her son. Avdotya Vasilievna's love is sincere and immense.
THE PROBLEM OF THE IMPACT OF WAR ART WORKS ON HUMANS

1. In Lev Kassil's story "The Great Confrontation", Sima Krupitsyna listened to news reports from the front every morning on the radio. Once the girl heard the song "Holy War". Sima was so excited by the words of this anthem for the defense of the Fatherland that she decided to go to the front. So the work of art inspired the main character to a feat.

THE PROBLEM OF PSEUSIC SCIENCE

1. In the novel by V.D. Dudintsev "White Clothes", Professor Ryadno is deeply convinced of the correctness of the biological doctrine approved by the party. For the sake of personal gain, the academician launches a struggle against genetic scientists. A number of vehemently defends pseudoscientific views and goes to the most dishonest deeds in order to achieve fame. The fanaticism of an academician leads to the death of talented scientists, the cessation of important research.

2. G.N. Troepolsky in the story "Candidate of Sciences" opposes those who defend false views and ideas. The writer is convinced that such scientists hinder the development of science, and consequently, of society as a whole. In the story of G.N. Troepolsky emphasizes the need to combat pseudoscientists.

THE PROBLEM OF LATE REPENTANCE

1. In the story of A.S. Pushkin's "Station Master" Samson Vyrin was left alone after his daughter ran away with Captain Minsky. The old man did not lose hope of finding Dunya, but all attempts remained unsuccessful. From anguish and hopelessness, the caretaker died. Only a few years later Dunya came to her father's grave. The girl felt guilty for the caretaker's death, but repentance came too late.

2. In the story of K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram" Nastya left her mother and went to St. Petersburg to build a career. Katerina Petrovna foresaw her imminent death and more than once asked her daughter to visit her. However, Nastya remained indifferent to the fate of her mother and did not have time to come to her funeral. The girl repented only at the grave of Katerina Petrovna. So K.G. Paustovsky claims that you need to be attentive to your loved ones.

THE PROBLEM OF HISTORICAL MEMORY

1. V.G. Rasputin in the essay "Eternal Field" writes about his impressions of the trip to the site of the Battle of Kulikovo. The writer notes that more than six hundred years have passed and during this time much has changed. However, the memory of this battle still lives thanks to the obelisks erected in honor of the ancestors who defended Rus'.

2. In the story of B.L. Vasiliev “The dawns here are quiet…” five girls fell fighting for their homeland. Many years later, their comrade-in-arms Fedot Vaskov and Rita Osyanina's son Albert returned to the site of the death of anti-aircraft gunners to install a gravestone and perpetuate their feat.

THE PROBLEM OF THE LIFE WAY OF A GIFTED PERSON

1. In the story of B.L. Vasiliev "My horses are flying..." Smolensk doctor Janson is an example of disinterestedness combined with high professionalism. The most talented doctor hurried to help the sick every day in any weather, without demanding anything in return. For these qualities, the doctor won the love and respect of all the inhabitants of the city.

2. In the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin "Mozart and Salieri" tells the story of the life of two composers. Salieri writes music in order to become famous, and Mozart selflessly serves art. Because of envy, Salieri poisoned the genius. Despite the death of Mozart, his works live and excite the hearts of people.

THE PROBLEM OF THE DESTRUCTIVE CONSEQUENCES OF WAR

1. A. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin Dvor" depicts the life of the Russian village after the war, which led not only to economic decline, but also to the loss of morality. The villagers lost part of their economy, became callous and heartless. Thus, the war leads to irreparable consequences.

2. In the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" shows the life path of a soldier Andrei Sokolov. His house was destroyed by the enemy, and his family died during the bombardment. So M.A. Sholokhov emphasizes that war deprives people of the most valuable thing they have.

THE PROBLEM OF CONTRADICTION OF THE INTERNAL WORLD OF HUMAN

1. In the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" Yevgeny Bazarov is distinguished by his intelligence, diligence, determination, but at the same time, the student is often harsh and rude. Bazarov condemns people who succumb to feelings, but is convinced of the wrongness of his views when he falls in love with Odintsova. So I.S. Turgenev showed that people are inherently contradictory.

2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich has both negative and positive character traits. On the one hand, the main character is apathetic and dependent. Oblomov is not interested in real life, it makes him bored and tired. On the other hand, Ilya Ilyich is distinguished by sincerity, sincerity, and the ability to understand the problems of another person. This is the ambiguity of Oblomov's character.

THE PROBLEM OF FAIR ATTITUDE TO PEOPLE

1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" Porfiry Petrovich investigates the murder of an old pawnbroker. The investigator is a fine connoisseur of human psychology. He understands the motives for the crime of Rodion Raskolnikov and partly sympathizes with him. Porfiry Petrovich gives the young man a chance to turn himself in. This will later serve as a mitigating circumstance in the Raskolnikov case.

2. A.P. Chekhov in the story "Chameleon" introduces us to the story of a dispute that broke out because of a dog bite. Police warden Ochumelov tries to decide if she deserves to be punished. Ochumelov's verdict depends only on whether the dog belongs to the general or not. The overseer does not seek justice. His main goal is to curry favor with the general.

THE PROBLEM OF INTERRELATION OF MAN AND NATURE

1. In the story of V.P. Astafieva "Tsar-fish" Ignatich has been poaching for many years. Once a fisherman caught a giant sturgeon on a hook. Ignatich understood that he alone could not cope with the fish, but greed did not allow him to call his brother and the mechanic for help. Soon the fisherman himself was overboard, entangled in his nets and hooks. Ignatich understood that he could die. V.P. Astafiev writes: "The king of the rivers and the king of all nature are in the same trap." So the author emphasizes the inseparable connection between man and nature.

2. In the story of A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" the main character lives in harmony with nature. The girl feels herself an integral part of the world around her, knows how to see its beauty. A.I. Kuprin emphasizes that love for nature helped Olesya keep her soul unspoiled, sincere and beautiful.

THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN HUMAN LIFE

1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" music plays an important role. Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria "Casta Diva" awaken feelings in his heart that he has never experienced. I.A Goncharov emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov did not feel "such vivacity, such strength, which, it seemed, all rose from the bottom of the soul, ready for a feat." Thus, music can awaken sincere and strong feelings in a person.

2. In the novel by M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don" songs accompany the Cossacks throughout their lives. They sing in military campaigns, in the field, at weddings. The Cossacks put their whole soul into singing. The songs reveal their prowess, love for the Don, the steppes.

THE PROBLEM OF BOOKS SUPPOSED BY TV

1. R. Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451 depicts a society based on mass culture. In this world, people who can think critically are outlawed, and books that make you think about life are destroyed. Literature was supplanted by television, which became the main entertainment for people. They are unspiritual, their thoughts are subject to standards. R. Bradbury convinces readers that the destruction of books inevitably leads to the degradation of society.

2. In the book “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful”, D.S. Likhachev thinks about the question: why is television replacing literature. The academician believes that this happens because the TV distracts from worries, makes you slowly watch some program. D.S. Likhachev sees this as a threat to humans, because television “dictates how to watch and what to watch”, makes people weak-willed. According to the philologist, only a book can make a person spiritually rich and educated.

THE PROBLEM OF THE RUSSIAN VILLAGE

1. The story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin Dvor" depicts the life of the Russian village after the war. People not only became poorer, but also became callous, unspiritual. Only Matryona retained a sense of pity for others and always came to the aid of those in need. The tragic death of the main character is the beginning of the death of the moral foundations of the Russian village.

2. In the story of V.G. Rasputin's "Farewell to Matera" depicts the fate of the inhabitants of the island, which should be flooded. It is hard for old people to say goodbye to their native land, where they have spent their entire lives, where their ancestors are buried. The end of the story is tragic. Along with the village, its customs and traditions disappear, which for centuries have been passed down from generation to generation and formed the unique character of the inhabitants of Matera.

THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TO POETS AND THEIR CREATIVITY

1. A.S. Pushkin in the poem "The Poet and the Crowd" calls that part of Russian society that did not understand the purpose and meaning of creativity "dumb mob". According to the crowd, the poems are in the public interest. However, A.S. Pushkin believes that a poet will cease to be a creator if he submits to the will of the crowd. Thus, the main goal of the poet is not popular recognition, but the desire to make the world more beautiful.

2. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem "Out loud" sees the poet's mission in serving the people. Poetry is an ideological weapon capable of inspiring people to great achievements. Thus, V.V. Mayakovsky believes that personal creative freedom should be abandoned for the sake of a common great goal.

THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF A TEACHER ON STUDENTS

1. In the story of V.G. Rasputin "French Lessons" class teacher Lidia Mikhailovna - a symbol of human responsiveness. The teacher helped a rural boy who studied far from home and lived from hand to mouth. Lidia Mikhailovna had to go against the generally accepted rules in order to help out the student. In addition to studying with the boy, the teacher taught him not only French lessons, but also lessons of kindness and compassion.

2. In the fairy tale-parable of Antoine de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince", the old Fox became a teacher for the main character, telling about love, friendship, responsibility, fidelity. He revealed to the prince the main secret of the universe: “you can’t see the main thing with your eyes - only the heart is vigilant.” So Fox taught the boy an important life lesson.

THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TO ORPHAN CHILDREN

1. In the story of M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" Andrei Sokolov lost his family during the war, but this did not make the main character heartless. The main character gave all the remaining love to the homeless boy Vanyushka, replacing his father. So M.A. Sholokhov convinces the reader that, despite life's difficulties, one must not lose the ability to sympathize with orphans.

2. In the story of G. Belykh and L. Panteleev "Republic of ShKID" the life of students of the school of social and labor education for homeless children and juvenile delinquents is depicted. It should be noted that not all students were able to become decent people, but the majority managed to find themselves and went on the right path. The authors of the story argue that the state should treat orphans with attention, create special institutions for them in order to eradicate crime.

THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF A WOMAN IN WWII

1. In the story of B.L. Vasiliev “The dawns here are quiet…” five young anti-aircraft gunners died fighting for their Motherland. The main characters were not afraid to oppose the German saboteurs. B.L. Vasiliev masterfully portrays the contrast between femininity and the brutality of war. The writer convinces the reader that women, along with men, are capable of military feats and heroic deeds.

2. In the story of V.A. Zakrutkina "The Mother of Man" shows the fate of a woman during the war. The main character Maria lost her whole family: her husband and child. Despite the fact that the woman was left completely alone, her heart did not harden. Maria left seven Leningrad orphans, replaced their mother. The story of V.A. Zakrutkina became a hymn to a Russian woman who experienced many hardships and troubles during the war, but retained kindness, sympathy, and a desire to help other people.

THE PROBLEM OF CHANGES IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

1. A. Knyshev in the article “O great and mighty new Russian language!” ironically writes about lovers of borrowing. According to A. Knyshev, the speech of politicians and journalists often becomes ridiculous when it is overloaded with foreign words. The TV presenter is sure that the excessive use of borrowings clogs the Russian language.

2. V. Astafiev in the story "Lyudochka" connects changes in the language with a drop in the level of human culture. The speech of Artyomka-soap, Strekach and their friends is littered with criminal jargon, which reflects the troubles of society, its degradation.

THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A PROFESSION

1. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem “Who to be? raises the problem of choosing a profession. The lyrical hero thinks about how to find the right life path and occupation. V.V. Mayakovsky comes to the conclusion that all professions are good and equally necessary for people.

2. In E. Grishkovets's story "Darwin", the protagonist, after graduating from school, chooses a business that he wants to do all his life. He realizes the "uselessness of what is happening" and refuses to study at the Institute of Culture when he watches a play played by students. A young man lives with a firm conviction that the profession should be useful, bring pleasure.

Arguments for writing

Problems 1. The role of art (science, mass media) in the spiritual life of society 2. The impact of art on the spiritual development of a person 3. The educational function of art Affirming theses 1. Genuine art ennobles a person. 2. Art teaches a person to love life. 3. Bring people the light of high truths, "pure teachings of goodness and truth" - this is the meaning of true art. 4. The artist must put his whole soul into the work in order to infect another person with his feelings and thoughts. Quotes 1. Without Chekhov, we would be many times poorer in spirit and heart (K Paustovsky. Russian writer). 2. The whole life of mankind consistently settled in books (A. Herzen, Russian writer). 3. Conscientiousness is the feeling that literature is obliged to excite (N. Evdokimova, Russian writer). 4. Art is called upon to preserve the human in a person (Yu. Bondarev, Russian writer). 5. The world of the book is the world of a real miracle (L. Leonov, Russian writer). 6. A good book is just a holiday (M. Gorky, Russian writer). 7. Art creates good people, shapes the human soul (P. Tchaikovsky, Russian composer). 8. They went into darkness, but their trace did not disappear (W. Shakespeare, English writer). 9. Art is a shadow of divine perfection (Michelangelo, Italian sculptor and artist). 10. The purpose of art is to condense the beauty dissolved in the world (French philosopher). 11. There is no poet's career, there is a poet's destiny (S. Marshak, Russian writer). 12. The essence of literature is not fiction, but the need to speak the heart (V. Rozanov, Russian philosopher). 13. The artist's business is to give birth to joy (K Paustovsky, Russian writer). Arguments 1) Scientists, psychologists have long argued that music can have a different effect on the nervous system, on the tone of a person. It is generally accepted that the works of Bach increase and develop the intellect. Beethoven's music arouses compassion, cleanses a person's thoughts and feelings of negativity. Schumann helps to understand the soul of a child. 2) Can art change a person's life? Actress Vera Alentova recalls such a case. One day she received a letter from an unknown woman who said that she was left alone, she did not want to live. But, after watching the film “Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears”, she became a different person: “You won’t believe it, I suddenly saw that people are smiling and they are not so bad as it seemed to me all these years. And the grass, it turns out, is green, And the sun is shining ... I have recovered, for which I thank you very much. 3) Many front-line soldiers talk about the fact that soldiers exchanged smoke and bread for clippings from a front-line newspaper, where chapters from A. Tvardovsky's poem "Vasily Terkin" were published. This means that an encouraging word was sometimes more important for the fighters than food. 4) The outstanding Russian poet Vasily Zhukovsky, talking about his impressions of Raphael's painting "The Sistine Madonna", said that the hour he spent in front of her belongs to the happiest hours of his life, and it seemed to him that this picture was born in a moment of miracle. 5) The famous children's writer N. Nosov told an incident that happened to him in childhood. Once he missed the train and stayed overnight at the station square with homeless children. They saw a book in his bag and asked him to read it. Nosov agreed, and the children, deprived of parental warmth, breathlessly began to listen to the story of a lonely old man, mentally comparing his bitter, homeless life with their own fate. 6) When the Nazis besieged Leningrad, the 7th Symphony of Dmitry Shostakovich had a huge impact on the inhabitants of the city. which, as eyewitnesses testify, gave people new strength to fight the enemy. 7) In the history of literature, a lot of evidence has been preserved related to the stage history of the Undergrowth. They say that many noble children, recognizing themselves in the image of the loafer Mitrofanushka, experienced a genuine rebirth: they began to study diligently, read a lot and grew up as worthy sons of their homeland. 8) In Moscow, a gang was operating for a long time, which was distinguished by particular cruelty. When the criminals were captured, they admitted that their behavior, their attitude to the world was greatly influenced by the American film Natural Born Killers, which they watched almost every day. They tried to copy the habits of the heroes of this picture in real life. 9) The artist serves eternity. Today we imagine this or that historical person exactly as it is depicted in a work of art. Before this truly royal power of the artist, even tyrants trembled. Here is an example from the Renaissance. Young Michelangelo fulfills the order of the Medici and behaves quite boldly. When one of the Medicis expressed displeasure at the lack of resemblance to the portrait, Michelangelo said: "Do not worry, your Holiness, in a hundred years he will look like you." 10) In childhood, many of us read the novel by A. Dumas "The Three Musketeers". Athos, Porthos, Aramis, d "Artagnan - these heroes seemed to us the embodiment of nobility and chivalry, and Cardinal Richelieu, their opponent, was the personification of deceit and cruelty. But the image of the novel villain bears little resemblance to a real historical figure. After all, it was Richelieu who introduced almost forgotten into the time of religious wars, the words "Frenchman", "homeland". He forbade duels, believing that young, strong men should shed blood not because of petty quarrels, but for the sake of their homeland. But under the pen of the novelist, Richelieu acquired a completely different look, and Dumas' invention affects the reader much stronger and more vividly than historical truth. 11) V. Soloukhin told such a case. Two intellectuals were arguing about what snow is. One says that there is also blue, the other proves that blue snow is nonsense, an invention of the Impressionists, decadents, that snow is snow, white as ... snow. Repin lived in the same house. Let's go to him to resolve the dispute. Repin: he did not like it when he was interrupted from work. He angrily shouted: - Well, what do you - What kind of snow is it? - Just not white! - and slammed the door. 12) People believed in the truly magical power of art. So, some cultural figures offered the French during the First World War to defend Verdun - their strongest fortress - not with forts and cannons, but with the treasures of the Louvre. “Put the Gioconda or the Madonna and Child with Saint Anna, the great Leonardo da Vinci, in front of the besiegers - and the Germans will not dare to shoot!”, They argued.