List of professions related to art. Professions related to creativity, modern types and features

Do you love and know how to draw? Do you want to do this in adult life and earn your talent? There are many professions related to the visual arts. picked up 7 popular creative specialties.

To paint pictures, create sculptures and objects of arts and crafts is a noble but difficult task. One of the most difficult careers in terms of career growth. To achieve recognition in it will take time to hone your skills, develop your own style and advance in the art world. A freelance artist creates art objects and sells them. Professional education can be obtained in the specialty "Painting", "Sculpture", "Decorative and Applied Arts" in one of the universities (, , , , ) or .

Designer

Popular areas for applicants with artistic taste, developed perception and desire to get creative work - graphic, landscape, communicative, subject-spatial, industrial, . must be proficient in graphic programs Photoshop, Illustrator, InDesign, 3DMax. You can learn everything on your own or .

Architect

Equally interested in the technical and creative fields? - just such a profession on the verge of technology and art. It is important for this professional to draw well and be creative. To create building projects, you must have spatial imagination, mathematical knowledge, logical thinking. You can learn to become such a specialist in , , , , .

game artist

If you want to move into the gaming industry, this profession is just for you. The task of game artists is to develop and draw game characters, locations, objects, and create visual effects. A person with excellent drawing skills, knowledge of professional graphics processing programs and a good imagination can work as a computer game artist. IN and prepare them.

3D artist

Instead of brushes and pencils, these artists masterfully use the stylus. Instead of a canvas, they have a graphics tablet. They create three-dimensional computer models for various needs: industry, gaming and film industry, landscape design and interior design. will not do without knowledge of 3DMax and Zbrush.

fashion designer

Artists with a passion for creating clothes and accessories realize their talent in a career as a fashion designer. Along with drawing, this specialist needs to be able to make patterns and sew, understand fashion and have innovative thinking. Fashion designers are studying And .

Teacher-artist

If you also feel a pedagogical talent in yourself, apply to be a teacher of fine arts. Kindergartens, schools, educational and creative centers, universities need such specialists. Suitable for art teacher .

Also consider the rare, but also interesting professions of a production designer, restorer, graphic designer, animator, illustrator, tattoo artist, calligrapher.

If the material was useful to you, do not forget to put "I like" in our social networks

Graduates of schools with good creative abilities are often interested in professions related to drawing. Many applicants are looking for a list of such professions on the Web, choosing where to go. We will talk about artistic professions, give a list of them and a description of each of the specialties. This information may be of interest not only to yesterday's schoolchildren, but also to all those who have decided to change their field of activity to a more creative one.

When asked what professions are associated with drawing, most people will first of all remember artists. Artists create paintings and graphic drawings, performing work in a variety of manners and techniques. From street portrait painters to those who paint for galleries, the artist's specialty is multifaceted, but all of its representatives are united by creativity.

The peculiarity of the profession is that you can become an artist without studying at all - many famous geniuses were bright nuggets. However, art education should not be neglected. After graduating from art school, you can go to to consolidate the skills of realistic drawing, which is the basis for all other forms of creative expression.

Useful video: how much does an artist earn?

An artist who draws illustrations for books is called an illustrator. He is distinguished by his knowledge of the specifics of book publishing and printing. Without meeting the given requirements, it is impossible to create a commercial illustration that would not only reflect the content of the book, but would also be attractive to the buyer.

In some cases, the skill of the artist matters just as much as the quality of the text, for example, when printing children's books. And in such a field as the creation of comics, the illustrator is a full-fledged co-author.

Fine arts teacher

Among the professions associated with the fine arts, a teacher occupies a special place. Without teachers teaching drawing in general education and art schools, colleges and higher educational institutions, there would be no excellent artists, and now specialists who teach children to draw from preschool age are in demand.

Often professional artists become teachers, but you can work in this area without independent practice.

The task of the restorer is to restore works of fine art damaged by time and people. The owner of this profession requires not only talent, but also a thorough scientific training, since ancient masterpieces cannot even be touched without observing many technical nuances.

Listing the professions where you need to draw, one cannot fail to mention the craft of an icon painter. Not everyone is allowed by the church to paint temples and create icons. The icon painter must thoroughly know the features of the technique and the canon of sacred images, which has evolved over the centuries.

Important! He often creates icon-painting workshops at monasteries, but believing laymen can also work in them.

The craft of an icon painter today is becoming increasingly relevant in connection with the revival of religious consciousness in Russia.

In a broad sense, design refers to the creation of the appearance of a wide variety of objects surrounding a person, from interiors to cars, mobile phones and household appliances.

Graphic designer draws:

• advertising banners and brochures;
• trademarks;
• site pages;
• food packaging.

Currently, this profession is one of the most common and popular. To become a designer, it is not enough to be able to draw well, you also need to master modern computer programs used in a particular industry.

3D modelers are engaged in modeling three-dimensional objects on a computer. They create not only volumetric "drawings" of future real objects in landscape design and in the production of things, but also draw the appearance of characters in films and computer games.

Common programs for 3D modeling:

1. AutoCAD.
2. Google SketchUp.
3. Autodesk 3ds Max.
4. Blender.
5. Maya.

Listing the professions associated with artistic activity, one cannot fail to mention the work of an artist-decorator. These specialists design interiors, for example, for shows and theatrical productions or when launching new business centers. To demonstrate to the customer how the transformed space will look like, the decorator can draw it from different angles and options, and then bring the idea to life.

A tattoo artist applies an image to the human body by injecting pigments under the skin with the help of special devices. Of great importance in this profession is the creation of a sketch - a drawing that will subsequently be transferred to the skin. The tattoo artist must 100% fulfill the client's order. If the customer comes with his own image, the task of the tattoo artist is to transfer it to the skin as accurately as possible, which is impossible without artistic abilities.

Animators are artists who create animated films and videos. In the traditional way of producing cartoons, specialists are divided into directors who determine the appearance of the characters and the main frames of the scenes, as well as animators who enliven the image on the screen. Animation is painstaking work, it may seem monotonous to someone because of drawing thousands of frames. Currently, when creating cartoons, computer technologies are actively used, the mastery of which requires considerable time and experience.

fashion designer

A fashion designer or fashion designer is a person who designs clothing items. The connection of this profession with the fine arts is obvious. Being able to draw a character's clothes is the first step to creating your own fashion collections.

The development of new styles of coats, dresses, sweaters and other items of clothing is carried out by fashion designers, and fashion designers are responsible for the technical part.

Take note! These professions are suitable for girls whose drawings from childhood were devoted to the outfits of their favorite dolls.

Without buildings, they would be faceless structures, and city streets would be heaps of concrete boxes. An architect is a cross between an artist and an engineer, since in addition to developing the concept of the appearance of a building, he is also involved in the creation of drawings and design documentation, and also inspects construction sites.

The main quality of an architect is a developed spatial imagination. Often, work begins with a sketch - a landscape drawing in which a new building is inscribed.

The jeweler is engaged in the production of products from gold, silver and precious stones. A prerequisite for creating a new line of jewelry is the development of a full-fledged project for each product. The artistic aspects of this profession, associated with the presence of taste and the ability to imagine in advance the appearance of the finished object, play a significant role.

Master jewelers are able to apply a pattern to the surface of the metal, working in the techniques of embossing, engraving, filigree and others.

A cartographer is someone who draws maps. This specialization is applied in nature; to master it, you need a lot of knowledge in geography, mathematics,. The cartographer works mainly on a computer, processing data obtained from field or satellite surveys. However, this profession cannot be considered exclusively technical, since design skills are required to most effectively represent information on a map.

Confectioner

When they list professions related to drawing, they often forget about the work of a confectioner. Meanwhile, decorating pastries requires considerable artistic ability, as beautiful cakes with pictures and intricate patterns are now in demand among customers. A talented specialist who is able to create images and even sculptural compositions on sweets is the dream of any confectionery shop. His salary is much higher than that of colleagues involved in a purely production process.

Useful video: professions related to drawing

Conclusion

Thus, if you draw well, you can choose any of the extensive list of professions that require the ability to draw. In some areas, drawing is the main product, in others it is auxiliary, but professionals in these areas cannot do without good image transfer skills.

There are thousands of professions in the world. The complete list is published in reference books. It is good when the profession meets one's own interests and at the same time is well paid. In this regard, men and women who have creative professions that are popular are more lucky.

Creative profession - what is it?

It is impossible to find an exact definition in dictionaries for this term. But in order to reveal it, it should be noted that creative professions are more often referred to. Some of them are truly creative. Others, in varying proportions, are in contact with technical areas. For example, the profession of a musician, writer, artist are truly creative.

Designers of different directions, architects have creative thinking and are able to express their own individuality. These professions are still associated with construction, which gives the technical coloring of creation. Representatives of different professions have a non-standard approach. but in creative people it is more pronounced.

The most creative specialties

It is difficult to say which of the professions is the most creative. Indeed, in every area, in order to surprise, it is necessary to create something new. At the same time, you should express your own view of the world in such a way that others understand the message.

To clarify, the media form ratings of the most creative and creative specialties. According to the RBC news agency, the top of such ratings was occupied by the specialty of a web designer. The following points were shared by animators, florists, artists, make-up artists, etc.

The compilers say that there are 630 creative professions, each of which is able to take the first position in the ranking. It is worth noting that rating does not mean highly paid.

The one who chooses a creative specialty is based on. They appear from early childhood and the main thing is to see them in time and direct them in the right direction. Developing creative potential, a person does not think about the rationality of his own decision. The only adviser is the soul.

How are creative people trained?

Almost all creative individuals are characterized by egocentrism, non-standard thinking and creativity. This interferes with learning and the problems lie in several reasons.

Character features. The desire to be the first, selfishness makes communication and infusion into the team difficult. These characteristics are necessary for creative specialties, but it should be remembered that there are also people around and you are not the Center of the universe.
Features of learning. In Russia, it is customary to teach by associative methods. That is, they teach, instill the skills that are required in a particular specialization. At the same time, the associative scheme does not provide for the development of creativity, creative skills, and a non-standard approach to solving standard problems.
Lack of culture of applicants. There is an opinion that make-up artists, florists, artists must know the intricacies of their own skills. The rest is not necessary for them. Therefore, applicants have to be forced to read literature on other specialties, visit museums, theaters.

Educated and easier to move up the career ladder in the creative field.

Features of male and female thinking

Even 1-2 decades ago, there were clear concepts of what male and female creative professions were. Among the producers, architects, photographers were more often men. Among make-up artists, models, animators - women. In the modern view, the boundaries and conventions between them no longer exist. Guys feel great in the profession of hairdressers and cooks, and women - in the role of web designers and architects. There are no gender requirements, but there are special requirements for creative qualities:

possessing a subtle sense of taste and style;
the presence of figurative thinking;
high sensuality of refinement and aesthetics;
developed imagination with a non-standard approach.

List of popular professions

In the modern world, people work, the only exception is the proportion that consists of rich people and sybarites. The rest have to work hard for 8-12 hours. Men and women work, and it is impossible to say that this specialty is only for men, and this one is only for women.

Here is a list of popular creative professions where there is no gender differentiation.

Actor - performs roles in theater and cinema. A person easily gets used to a different image, taking on himself along with a new mask. It is based on the principle of masterful transformation, which is achieved in two ways:

internal - getting used to the role, reincarnation and acceptance of all habits and character traits;
external - reincarnation occurs with the use of makeup, makeup, clothes and masks. Change also gait, statement of speech.

The designer is complex and . The designer designs and creates a world that is user-friendly. A professional is able to transform into a consumer and decide what is suitable for him and what is not. This is a specialist who has an artistic taste, erudition, original thinking and a quick reaction. Visual experience, the ability to draw and design is a prerequisite for this specialty.

The interior designer creates comfort in the room by arranging furniture, choosing wallpapers, curtains and decor elements.
Landscape designer - creating a unique outdoor area. It is divided into three areas: biological, historical and engineering.

Make-up artist - creating an image with makeup. There are several directions depending on the responsibilities.

A stylist creates a new image for a person, which becomes permanent for a person.

Make-up master - applying cosmetics to hide imperfections and highlight the advantages of the face. The services of a make-up artist are used for various celebrations.

Cosmetologist - a specialist selects the image and teaches the basics of skin care.

This is a creative and creative profession that requires constant development of creative abilities. Since fashion is constantly changing and new techniques appear, a rapid development of a career in the field is possible.

The gallerist is an expert who has complete information about existing styles and authors. The gallery owner has organizational skills. He selects the premises, finds sponsors and advertises the exhibition of any format and level.

Fashion designer is a popular creative specialty in the field of creating clothes. It implies the development of design, the creation of patterns, the choice of suitable fabrics, decorative elements and tailoring. Since these processes require a careful approach, there are three areas that better reveal the specialty:

Fashion designer - creating new images that should be transferred to paper. A specialist in this creative profession creates a new collection, forming fashion trends.
Constructor - brings the artist's ideas to life. He creates patterns, selects decor and textiles, with which you can embody extravagant images.
Fashion designer of fur products - must know the nuances of manufacturing. He invents and embodies original images of vests, coats, handbags, hats and other fur products.

A cartoonist or an animalist requires an original perception of the world, since in order to create cartoonish images it is necessary to subtly perceive fairy-tale images and plot.

Creative specialties for girls without higher education

You can get a creative profession that will bring a stable income without higher education. The most common of them require a special perception of the world and creativity.

Photographer. If you are able to create excellent shots even on a soap dish, feel free to develop your own talents in this direction. This is hard work. But if you are interested in the surrounding nature, structures, buildings, you are sensitive to details, develop in this direction. Find out where the master courses take place. Be interested in the work of other masters and form your own style.

Nail and eyelash extensions are a specialty that allows you to achieve results without extra costs for training. The owner of a sense of taste and perseverance is able to earn money for his own car and travel. To master the basics, you will have to complete special courses. The rest is up to you and your creativity.

Hairdresser - creates masterpieces from hair. Learn fashion trends, features of hair care. You can master the basics by attending Loreal or Wella hairdressing schools or by graduating from a college specializing in the production of representatives of this profession.

Creative professions for men

The profession of a chef is gaining popularity. Everyone is able to express their own creative fantasies. The ability to cook familiar dishes and give them original forms. To master the basics to perfection, study at a culinary college or technical school.

The stylist is an image maker. Creates an image, choosing makeup, haircut, clothes. Remember that in large cities.

Regardless of the chosen profession, creative fields require the daily invention of new artistic images. If you are ready for this, feel free to step on the chosen path.

When choosing a future specialty, remember: work can and should bring pleasure! That is why people with a rich inner world make a choice in favor of creativity as an occupation for life. We bring to your attention a list of the most interesting creative professions.

Among those who are called people of creative professions, you will not meet a person who is tired of the professional routine. The opportunity to create, creating something new, amazingly beautiful, unusual, is a reward in itself. And if others like the result of creativity, the material reward will be as generous as the moral satisfaction from your favorite work.

For the realization of artistic inclinations

• theater and film actors;
• ballet, circus, original genre dancers;
• musicians and singers;
• illusionists;
• hosts of celebrations.

The life and work of representatives of these professions is inextricably linked with the show and the festive atmosphere that invariably accompanies it, audience sympathy, applause, and enthusiasm.

The professional activity of an artist is strikingly different from the work of an engineer, doctor or teacher. The main thing always remains the creative component, personal talent and charisma of the artist. And even the routine (regular rehearsals, memorizing a large amount of information, etc.) can be no less interesting than the performance itself.

If artistry, creativity, the ability to stand up well in front of an unfamiliar audience and instantly reincarnate are integral features of your personality, you will find your calling by choosing the path of an artist.

To work in the fashion industry

The work of a fashion designer is not just creative: it crowns the list of the most sought-after modern specialties and leads the list of the most interesting ones. It is these people who influence how society will look, that is, directly on fashion - creating modern clothes, shoes, accessories. A good example of the fashion designer's influence on the images of modern celebrities is the work of Alexandra Tumashova, who created costumes for the popular Russian TV shows "Ice Age", "Stars on Ice", etc.

The best of the models make their creator in demand, popular and, as a result, rich. But often a representative of the profession, speaking about its advantages, puts the opportunity to create and communicate with interesting people in the first place, and material well-being - only in the second place.

To succeed in the career of a fashion designer, you need creativity, creativity and the ability to draw - after all, any idea born of your talent needs to be visualized for its further implementation.

For those who love the fine arts

Modern technologies have significantly expanded the list of specialties available to those who have chosen the creative profession of an artist. Fine art has gone far beyond the usual "classical" framework, and today you can be not just a painter, designer, illustrator, restorer or sculptor, but also an author of graphic novels, an animator or a master of digital graphics. All these creative professions are suitable for girls and boys: the gender of the artist does not matter, the main thing is talent and a sincere desire to devote one's life to the chosen cause.

Fine art opens up the broadest prospects for professional activity. Employees can specialize in one or more of its areas, choosing the most popular and interesting for themselves. Often, creative tandems of an artist with fashion designers, designers, constructors are formed to implement complex, interesting, unique projects.

For creativity in jewelry

Jewelry craftsmanship is the art of creating jewelry using voluminous solid materials (mainly metals and gems). The profession of a jeweler is close to the specialty of an artist, but has its own characteristics. Have you heard the expression "jewelry precision"? A jeweler requires not only imagination, creativity, talent, but also:

• perseverance;
• painstaking;
• utmost attention to detail;
• excellent eye gauge;
• perfect accuracy;
• high precision of manipulations;
• the ability to feel the material.

A master who possesses all of these qualities is able to create things of stunning beauty. In his hands, even inexpensive polymers turn into real works of art and acquire special value, including material value.

The profession is great for creative people who prefer to work alone and are able to concentrate on one task for a long time.

The choice of specialization is a personal matter. All areas of jewelry are in demand: from the creation of designer jewelry (interior, precious or bijouterie) to the repair and restoration of jewelry created by someone else. Another significant plus is a good remuneration for work. Jewelry workshop workers receive high salaries, and the remuneration of talented private craftsmen often reaches six to seven figures.

For those who want to make people beautiful

What could be more interesting for a creative person than making people around them beautiful? This is the task that the stylist faces every day, helping the client to create the perfect image. The creative component of the profession lies in the ability to harmoniously combine the smallest features in order to hide the flaws in appearance and emphasize advantages.

For those who have chosen the profession of a stylist, different specializations are available:

• make-up artist - make-up master;
• hairdresser - a specialist in hairstyles (haircuts, styling, coloring, hair care);
• image maker - consultant on the selection of outfits and the creation of an individual wardrobe;
• multimaster is a generalist who has mastered all areas of the stylist's activity.

The qualities necessary for such a profession are communication skills, good taste, a sense of proportion and the ability to look great in any situation. The appearance of a specialist is important, as it is the visiting card of the master - without words, eloquently talks about the talent and level of professional training.

To realize literary talents

• from a journalist to an author of literary works;
• from a blogger who publishes his original work on the Internet to a speechwriter who creates speeches for prominent political and public figures;
• from screenwriters who create scripts for festivities, performances, films, to analysts, observers, critics, reviewers.

The main thing that unites those who have chosen the creative profession of a writer is the ability to express their thoughts in an interesting and vivid way.

It is impossible to learn the profession of a writer in any educational institution. The closest specializations in universities are journalism, philology, the scenario department of theater and cinematographic educational institutions. But if you have a talent for writing, then the main profession does not matter: anyone can become a successful writer!

For those interested in the performing arts

Unlike a writer who conveys thoughts and images through words, the director translates his (or someone else's) ideas into reality, showing the audience his own vision of the events set out in the script. Moreover, the combination of two or even three creative professions in directorial practice is not uncommon, because directors take an active part in creating scripts (or write them on their own), selecting actors, costumes, scenery, musical accompaniment, special effects.

Working as a director requires remarkable willpower, leadership qualities and great creative potential. But the results of this work bring maximum satisfaction to creative people.

For real creators

The list of design creative professions includes dozens of different specializations. Architectural, landscape, interior, industrial, graphic, lighting, transport, computer, printing ... this is only a small part of modern types of design. But all of them are united by a common meaning: a designer is a person who develops and designs images in a particular area, that is, he constructs the world around us.

In the work of a designer, there are no trifles, or rather, every smallest detail matters. Operating with these trifles, arranging them in a different order, the creator creates new forms of familiar things, making people's lives more convenient, more beautiful, easier.

By choosing a direction of interest, you can get a creative profession in order to combine a hobby with a specialty and do what you love all your life.

For connoisseurs of natural beauty

The work of a florist leads the top, which includes the most interesting creative professions for girls. But among successful florists, including eminent ones, there are many men. A specialist in the field of floristry creates the most beautiful compositions, bouquets, decorations, from flowers and plants. It is not only the creative component of the profession that attracts employees to this type of activity, but also the beauty of the materials used and the results of the work. Floristry makes it possible to show talent, taste, creativity, constantly being in the process of creativity.

Have you loved to draw since childhood? Are you really good at fine arts? Your skills can be applied in later life. Almost every person is sure that getting money for doing what you love is an essential attribute of a happy life. Below are some examples of professions closely related to drawing.

5. Design engineer

A specialist of this profile does not just create “dry” drawings. The designer must have artistic imagination, the ability to translate his ideas not just into visual images, but into clear, practical schemes. The duties of a design engineer are:

1. Development of technical, as well as draft or working designs of products, using automation tools, as well as best practices, in conjunction with ensuring that the designs being developed comply with those. tasks, safety and health standards.
2. Conducting research of a patent nature, determining the indicators of the technical level of the designed products.
3. Drawing up kinematic diagrams, theoretical linkages, generalized layouts of individual structural elements based on diagrams and sketches; verification of working projects, control of drawings according to the profile of work, sketching of complex parts from nature. Detailing of any complexity.
4. Carrying out technical calculations, cost analysis of the effectiveness of structures; drawing up operating instructions and explanatory notes, technical level maps, patent and license and technical passports, test programs and various technical documentation. Calculation of risks.
5. Study and analysis of design documentation required for the design and design of products received from other organizations.
6. Feasibility study of the structures being developed, coordination of projects with other departments of the enterprise, supervisory authorities, customers.
7. Participation in commissioning, installation, testing, commissioning of systems, prototypes, assemblies and parts, new liyuo modernized designs. Direct participation in the preparation of applications for inventions.
8. Giving conclusions, reviews on rationalization proposals. Expert evaluation of draft standards for assembly units and individual structural elements.

4. Artist

Many people think that an artist is just a person who paints paintings to order or “from the heart”, and then sells them. This is too imprecise a definition. In fact, the activities of artists are divided into the following main profiles:

1. Illustrator. These specialists create pictures that convey the meaning of certain texts.
2. Schedule. Such masters work in only one contrasting color, most often black. To create such drawings, usually a pencil or ink is used.
3. Cartoonist. This person creates funny portraits and parodic, ironic or sarcastic images of various events.
4. Painter. A specialist in this industry paints pictures from nature.
5. Fashion designer. Engaged in the creation of sketches of clothing items. Invents new outfits and even clothing collections.
6. copyist. Such an artist creates reproductions, copies of paintings.
7. Restorer. A professional of this type returns the original look to the masterpieces of fine art.
8. Miniature painting specialist. Able to create manually the smallest images, sometimes not visible to the naked eye.
9. Portraitist. Specializes exclusively in the creation of portraits.

There are many other, lesser known or not so common specializations that are directly related to drawing.

3. Calligrapher

Calligraphy is the art of beautiful writing. This type of activity was most developed in countries that profess Islam (since depicting a person was forbidden there), as well as in Japan and China, where the art of calligraphy was (and remains) an integral part of traditional philosophy. Nowadays, calligraphy is a decorative art. Calligraphy is increasingly being replaced by digital printing. But true connoisseurs of art prefer handmade results. Main activities of calligraphers:

1. Font development.
2. Registration of guest cards for festive events, lists, business cards, invitations and congratulatory letters.

Any inscription created by a calligrapher is unique. It is impossible to fake such an inscription. Therefore, specialists of this profile are used mainly for special cases and are highly paid.

2. Multiplier

A person of this profession is not only an artist, but also a director. creates and prepares a visual range of animated products and constructs a scenario and storyline. Also, the activities of specialists of this type include:

1. Creation of scenery and cartoon characters.
2. Elaboration of the nature of facial expressions and movements of characters.
3. Creation of sketches of animated scenes.
4. Coloring and storyboarding of material.
5. Animation of phrases - both key and intermediate.

1. Architect

Translated from ancient Greek, the architect, literally means "senior builder." Of course, this is not a foreman, but a specialist in the design of buildings for any purpose. The activities of an architect include:

1. Development of the concept, drawings and design documentation for construction; implementation of the author's control over the implementation of the project.
2. Management of all construction processes.
3. Designing entire urban areas and large complexes, developing master plans for settlements, drawing up urban planning documentation.
4. Creation of projects for the breakdown of personal plots, gardens, parks.
5. Restoration of architectural monuments.
6. Ensuring the development and control of the implementation of regulations in the field of urban planning.
7. Scientific and teaching activities.