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A story about a palm tree in a greenhouse. V.M. Garshin

A story about a palm tree in a greenhouse. V.M. Garshin

04.07.2020

Garshin Vsevolod Mikhailovich

Attalea princeps

Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin

Attalea princeps

In one big city there was a botanical garden, and in this garden there was a huge greenhouse made of iron and glass. She was very beautiful: slender twisted columns supported the entire building; light patterned arches rested on them, intertwined with each other by a whole web of iron frames into which glass was inserted. The greenhouse was especially beautiful when the sun went down and illuminated it with red light. Then it was all on fire, red reflections played and shimmered, as if in a huge, finely polished precious stone.

Plants could be seen through the thick transparent glass. Despite the size of the greenhouse, they were cramped in it. The roots intertwined with each other and took moisture and food from each other. The branches of the trees interfered with the huge leaves of the palm trees, bent and broke them, and themselves, leaning against the iron frames, bent and broke. Gardeners constantly cut branches, tied up leaves with wire so that they could not grow where they wanted, but this did not help much. Plants needed a wide space, a native land and freedom. They were natives of hot countries, gentle, luxurious creatures; they remembered their homeland and yearned for it. No matter how transparent the glass roof is, it is not a clear sky. Sometimes, in winter, the windows were frosted over; then it was quite dark in the greenhouse. The wind hummed, beat on the frames and made them tremble. The roof was covered with swept snow. The plants stood and listened to the howling of the wind and remembered another wind, warm, moist, which gave them life and health. And they wanted to feel his breath again, they wanted him to shake their branches, play with their leaves. But in the greenhouse the air was still; except sometimes a winter storm broke the glass, and a sharp, cold stream, full of hoarfrost, flew under the roof. Wherever this jet hit, the leaves turned pale, shrank and withered.

But the glass was inserted very soon. The Botanical Garden was run by an excellent scientific director and did not allow any disorder, despite the fact that he spent most of his time studying with a microscope in a special glass booth arranged in the main greenhouse.

There was one palm tree among the plants, taller than all and more beautiful than all. The director, who was sitting in the booth, called her in Latin Attalea! But this name was not her native name: botanists came up with it. Botanists did not know the native name, and it was not written in soot on a white board nailed to the trunk of a palm tree. Once a visitor came to the botanical garden from that hot country where the palm tree grew; when he saw her, he smiled, because she reminded him of his homeland.

A! - he said. - I know this tree. And he called him by his native name.

Excuse me, - the director shouted to him from his booth, at that time carefully cutting some stalk with a razor, - you are mistaken. Such a tree as you deigned to say does not exist. This is Attalea princeps, originally from Brazil.

Oh yes, - said the Brazilian, - I quite believe you that botanists call her - Attalea, but she also has a native, real name.

The real name is the one given by science,” the botanist said dryly and locked the door of the booth so that people would not interfere with him, who did not even understand that if a man of science said something, then you need to be silent and obey.

And the Brazilian stood for a long time and looked at the tree, and he became sadder and sadder. He remembered his homeland, its sun and sky, its magnificent forests with wonderful animals and birds, its deserts, its wonderful southern nights. And he also remembered that he had never been happy anywhere, except for his native land, and he had traveled all over the world. He touched the palm tree with his hand, as if saying goodbye to it, and left the garden, and the next day he was already on the steamer home.

But the palm remained. Now it has become even harder for her, although before this incident it was very hard. She was all alone. She towered five fathoms above the tops of all other plants, and these other plants did not love her, envied her and considered her proud. This growth gave her only one grief; apart from the fact that everyone was together, and she was alone, she remembered her native sky best of all and yearned for it most of all, because she was closest to that which replaced it: to the ugly glass roof. Through it she could sometimes see something blue: it was the sky, though alien and pale, but still a real blue sky. And when the plants chatted among themselves, Attalea was always silent, yearning and thinking only about how good it would be to stand even under this pale sky.

Tell me, please, will we be watered soon? asked the sago palm, which was very fond of dampness. - I, the right, it seems, will dry up today.

I am surprised by your words, neighbor, - said the pot-bellied cactus. - Is it really not enough for you that huge amount of water that is poured on you every day? Look at me: they give me very little moisture, but I'm still fresh and juicy.

We are not accustomed to being too frugal, answered the sago palm. We cannot grow on such dry and shoddy soil as some cacti. We are not accustomed to live somehow. And besides all this, I will tell you that you are not asked to make comments.

Having said this, the sago palm was offended and fell silent.

As for me," Cinnamon intervened, "I'm almost content with my position. True, it's a bit boring here, but at least I'm sure that no one will rip me off.

But after all, not all of us were ripped off, - said the tree fern. Of course, this prison may also seem like paradise to many, after the miserable existence that they led in the wild.

Here the cinnamon, forgetting that she had been ripped off, was offended and began to argue. Some plants stood up for her, some for the fern, and a heated altercation ensued. If they could move, they would certainly fight.

Why are you arguing? Attalea said. - Can you help yourself with this? You only increase your unhappiness with anger and irritation. It is better to leave your disputes and think about the case. Listen to me: grow taller and wider, scatter branches, push against frames and glass, our greenhouse will crumble to pieces, and we will go free. If one branch hits the glass, then, of course, it will be cut off, but what will be done with a hundred strong and courageous trunks? We just need to work together, and victory is ours.

At first, no one objected to the palm: everyone was silent and did not know what to say. Finally, the sago palm made up its mind.

It's all nonsense, she said.

Nonsense! Nonsense! the trees spoke, and all at once began to prove to Attalea that she was proposing terrible nonsense. - An impossible dream! they shouted. - Nonsense! Ridiculous! The frames are strong, and we will never break them, and even if we did, so what is it? People will come with knives and axes, cut off the branches, close up the frames, and everything will go on as before. Only and will. that they will cut off whole pieces from us ...

Symbol and allegory in "Attalea princeps" by V.M. Garshin.

"Attalea princeps" is an allegorical story, called the first fairy tale written by Garshin. It should be noted that the author did not call this work a fairy tale, this definition was given by the publisher.

"Attalea princeps" was published in the first issue of the magazine "Russian wealth" for 1880. Initially, Garshin submitted the allegory to the journal Domestic Notes, but Saltykov-Shchedrin refused to publish it. Researchers interpret the motives for refusal in different ways: from unwillingness to arrange a political dispute on the pages of the magazine to rejection of the insufficiently revolutionary ending of the fairy tale.

Let's try to decipher the name of the fairy tale "Attalea princeps". As the researcher V. Fedotov points out, in “the philosophical meaning princeps means - the basic rule, the leading position, in the military meaning - the first ranks, the front line” [cit. according to 26]. Here the name can be interpreted as the first line, the avant-garde, the first attempt to fight for freedom.

On the other hand, the first part of the name is due to the botanical genus-species name. As indicated in the "Explanatory Dictionary of Foreign Words", "Attalea" "bot. palm tree with large feathery leaves growing in the tropics of America.

The second part of the title of the tale, princeps", has several meanings. First, translated from Latin,« princeps" stands for " first in order (princeps senatus first senator on the list). Close to this meaning is the second: “(by position) the first, noblest, most eminent, chief, head, main person” and the third: “sovereign, king” [cit. according to 33]. It should also be noted that during the Roman Empire, starting from the reign of Octavian Augustus, the title "Princeps of the Senate" meant emperor. Thus the title "Attalea princeps" can be reduced to the meaning "Queen of Palms".

The plot of the tale is that in the greenhouse of the botanical garden, among other exotic plants, the palm tree Attalea princeps grows. This is the name given to it by botanists. Her native, real name is pronounced only once by a compatriot of the palm, "Brazilian" (and it remains unknown to the reader).

The allegory in the fairy tale begins already with a description of the place of action - the greenhouse. This is a beautiful building, a fusion of glass and metal. But in essence it is prison. “Plants live in it, they are cramped, they are slaves, prisoners. Brought from hot countries, they remember their homeland and yearn for it. The author uses ambiguous epithets designed to prompt the reader to the correct reading: “prisoned trees”, “crampedness”, “iron frames”, “still air”, “cramped frames”. Thus, already at the beginning of the work, the theme of freedom and lack of freedom is declared.

The palm tree is burdened by life in the greenhouse: it is stuffy there, the roots and branches of plants are closely intertwined and constantly fight for moisture and nutrients.

The reader becomes a witness to a dispute between exotic plants about life in a greenhouse. Some are quite happy: the cinnamon is happy that “no one will rip it off” here, and the cactus even reproaches the sago palm for whims: “Is it really not enough for you that huge amount of water that is poured on you every day?” . But there are those who, like Attalea princeps, grumble: “But not all of us were ripped off,” said the tree fern. “Of course, this prison may also seem like paradise to many, after the miserable existence that they led in the wild.”

As B.V. Averin, “usually the meaning of this work is seen in the opposition of small, insignificant plants that have lost their desire for freedom, a freedom-loving palm tree. This is true, primarily because the author's sympathies are really on the side of the palm tree. But this point of view, sharpening the socio-political content of the work, overshadows its philosophical content, for the expression of which Garshin chooses an allegorical form. It is important for the writer that almost all points of view expressed by plants are fair and confirmed by practice.

Each of the plants is right in its own way, but their point of view is philistine, even if they are oppressed by the dull and stuffy present, they are not able to wish otherwise, but only sigh about the past.

Attalea, the tallest and most luxurious of the palms, sometimes sees through the glass "something blue: it was the sky, although alien and pale, but still a real blue sky." The homeland is perceived by the palm tree as something inaccessible, “becomes a symbol of the distant and beautiful Fatherland of the Soul, a symbol of unattainable happiness” [Cit. according to 22].

Absorbed by dreams of a real, living sun and a fresh breeze, the palm tree decides to grow up in order to break the hated metal frames, break the windows and be free. The main thing for Attalea is the desire for freedom. She calls the rest of the plants in the greenhouse to riot, but they think she's insane. And only a small grass, a native of the northern country in which the greenhouse is located, supports the palm tree and sympathizes with it. It is this sympathy that gives Attalea princeps strength. Palma gets her way, destroying the greenhouse fetters, is free. But outside the glass prison, deep autumn, rain and snow: “She had to stand in the cold wind, feel its gusts and the sharp touch of snowflakes, look at the dirty sky, at the impoverished nature, at the dirty backyard of the botanical garden, at the boring huge city, seen in the mist, and wait until the people down there in the greenhouse decide what to do with her.

The motive of non-freedom emphasizes the image of the director of the greenhouse, who "looked more like an overseer than a scientist:" he did not allow any disorder, "he sat in a special glass booth arranged in the main greenhouse." Concern for order makes him kill a living tree, striving for freedom. according to 22].

The ending of the tale is sad: the palm tree is cut down, and the grass that sympathizes with it is uprooted and thrown "on a dead palm tree, lying in the mud and already half covered with snow."

Andersen's influence is clearly felt in the fairy tale with his manner of transforming pictures of real life with fantasy, while often doing without magical miracles, the smooth flow of the plot and, of course, a sad ending. As V. Fedotov points out, “among the foreign writers, Garshin was especially fond of Dickens and Andersen. The influence of the latter's tales is felt in Garshin's tales not by plot moves, but by the tempo-rhythm of prose, intonation" [cit. according to 26].

Thus, allegory becomes the main artistic device used by the author to convey intentions (motive and purpose of creating a work that determine its meaning).

Radchenko A.N. Images-symbols in V. Garshin's fairy tale "Attalea Princeps" [Electronic resource] Access mode:

Skvoznikov V.D. Realism and romance in the works of V.M. Garshina // Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Dep. lit. and yaz. 1957. T. 16. Issue. 3.

Sokolova M. Romantic tendencies of critical realism in the 80s-90s (Garshin, Korolenko) // Development of realism in Russian literature: In 3 vols. M., 1974. T. 3.

Explanatory dictionary of foreign words L. P. Krysina M: Russian language, 1998.

Fedotov V. Reality and fairy tales of Garshin. [Electronic resource] Access mode:

Philosophical Encyclopedic Dictionary. – M.: Sov. Encycl., 1989.

Shestakov V.P. Allegory // Philosophical Encyclopedia. – M.: Sov. Encycl., 1960.

Shubin E.A. The genre of the story in the literary process // Russian literature. 1965. No. 3.

Shustov M. P. Fairy tale tradition in Russian literature of the 19th century Nizhny Novgorod, 2003.

Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron / under. ed. I.E. Andreevsky. T. 1. - St. Petersburg, 1890.

Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron / under. ed. K.K. Arseniev and F.F. Petrushevsky. T. 19. - St. Petersburg, 1896.

Electronic Latin-Russian Dictionary. [Electronic resource] Access mode:

Electronic encyclopedic dictionary [Electronic resource] Access mode:

Electronic literary dictionary [Electronic resource] Access mode:

Subject: HF V.M. Garshin. Fairy tale "Attaleaprinceps».

Lesson type: lesson learning new material.

The purpose of the lesson: to acquaint with the biography and work of V.M. Garshin, to introduce them into the artistic world of the writer; to help students understand the ideological, semantic and artistic content, moral problems of a fairy tale "Attaleaprinceps»; form moral guidelines; create conditions for the development of the ability to interpret a work of art, oral speech, figurative and logical thinking.

Tasks: A)educational - to acquaint with the biography of V.M. Garshin, with the fairy tale "Attalea Princeps", with the ideological, semantic and artistic content of the work;

b)developing - develop the ability to interpret a work of art, develop oral speech, develop figurative and logical thinking, develop the creative abilities of students;

V)educational - education of norms of morality and morality through understanding the meaning of a work of art.

Planned educational results:

Personal: is aware of his difficulties and strives to overcome them, shows the ability to self-evaluate his actions, deeds.

Metasubject -

Cognitive: performs educational and cognitive; carries out operations of analysis, synthesis, comparison, classification, establishes cause-and-effect relationships, draws conclusions.

Communicative : builds small statements, carries out joint activities in pairs and working groups, taking into account specific educational and cognitive tasks.

Subject: know : information about the life and work of V.M. Garshin (briefly); the plot and content of the tale; be able to : characterize the characters and their actions.

Forms of work: frontal, individual.

DURING THE CLASSES:

I. Organizational moment. Creating an emotional state.

II. Announcement of the topic and objectives of the lesson.

III. Work on the topic of the lesson.

1) The story of the teacher about the life and work of the writer. (The teacher's story may be replaced by a student's report.)

Vsevolod Garshin. This is the name of a writer who created only one volume of stories and died at the age of 33. He left us several wonderful tales: "The Tale of the Toad and the Rose", "Attalea princers", "That which was not." And the last work of this writer was the well-known fairy tale “The Traveling Frog”.

Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin was born on February 2, 1855 in the Ekaterinoslav province, in the estate of his grandmother, which was called "Pleasant Valley". One of his grandfather was a landowner, the other was a naval officer, his father was also a military man, an officer of a cuirassier regiment. From the earliest years, the scenes of military life were imprinted in the mind of the boy.

A servant lived in the Garshin family - an old soldier Zhukov, a participant in many military campaigns. His stories were very fond of listening to little Vsevolod. Under their influence, as early as four years old, he was repeatedly going on a “campaign”, to the war. He ordered pies for the cook on the way, collected some linen, tied everything in a bundle, put it on his shoulders and came to say goodbye to his family. Sad, he came to his mother to say goodbye. “Farewell, mother,” he said, “what to do, everyone must serve!” “But you wait until you grow up,” answered the mother, “where can you go, my dear, so small?” "No, mother, I must," and the boy's eyes filled with tears. When the turn came to parting with the nanny, she began to cry and lament over him, as over a real recruit. Vsevolod burst into bitter tears and finally agreed to his mother's persuasion to postpone the campaign until morning.

When his father retired, he bought a house in the steppe town of Starobelsk. There the childhood of the future writer passed.

When Vsevolod was five years old, his mother left for St. Petersburg with her older brothers, and Vsevolod stayed with his father. Garshin wrote. “Never, it seems, have I read such a mass of books as when I was three years old with my father, from the age of five to eight.” Many years later, Garshin recalled himself as a small child when he lived with his father, how they sat together on long winter evenings, his father at the expense, Vsevolod at the book. The tallow candle burned dimly, then the flame became dim, and it was necessary to remove the carbon from the candle with special tongs. The years spent with the father are not only reading books; this is rural nature, steppe expanse, birds and animals. Vsevolod spent whole days wandering around the neighborhood, picking mushrooms, watching insects, lizards, frogs, studying the habits of animals.

Meanwhile, the boy grew up, entered the gymnasium. He studied, by his own admission, "quite badly", he received good marks only for Russian "compositions" and in the natural sciences, which he loved very much. However, he had “the friendliest memories” of the gymnasium, and he remembered his teachers and educators with gratitude. Comrades doted on him, and he maintained good relations with them.

After graduating from high school, Vsevolod entered the Mining Institute.

But the time to "serve" nevertheless came when the Russian-Turkish war began in 1877. Vsevolod Garshin went to fight as a volunteer. In the war, Garshin was wounded in the leg, he was promoted from ordinary soldiers to officers, and at the end of the war he was transferred to the reserve.

The first story that he wrote brought him fame, it was called "Four Days" and was dedicated to military events. “The reason for this was a real incident with one of the soldiers of our regiment,” wrote Vsevolod Garshin in his autobiography. The story tells how a wounded soldier lay on the battlefield for four days, still dreaming of surviving, only an accident saved him.

The 70s were overshadowed by a serious illness. Garshin suffered from a mental disorder since childhood. He died and was buried in Petersburg.

2) A student's scientific report about a palm tree ("scientific consultant" - 5th grade students

Attalea - a genus of palms with large feathery leaves. There are about 20 types of attalea. Attalea grows in the American tropics. Coarse, dark fibers are extracted from the leaves of the Brazilian attalea, which go to brushes, rugs, ropes, ropes. Hard seeds of other types are used for turning products. Some attaleas are grown in greenhouses.

3) Reading a fairy tale by a teacher.

V.M. Garshin

The greenhouse was especially beautiful when the sun went down and illuminated it with red light. Then it was all on fire, red reflections played and shimmered, as if in a huge, finely polished precious stone. Plants could be seen through the thick transparent glass.

The botanical garden was run by an excellent scientific director and did not allow any disorder, despite the fact that most of his time was spent studying with a microscope in a special glass booth arranged in the main greenhouse.

– A! - he said. - I know this tree. And he called him by his native name.

– Excuse me, - the director shouted to him from his booth, at that time carefully cutting some stalk with a razor, - you are mistaken. Such a tree as you deigned to say does not exist. This is Attalea princeps, originally from Brazil.

– Oh yes, - said the Brazilian, - I quite believe you that botanists call her - Attalea, but she also has a native, real name.

– The real name is the one given by science,” the botanist said dryly and locked the door of the booth so that people would not interfere with him, who did not even understand that if a man of science said something, then you need to be silent and obey.

And the Brazilian stood for a long time and looked at the tree, and he became sadder and sadder.

He remembered his homeland, its sun and sky, its magnificent forests with wonderful animals and birds, its deserts, its wonderful southern nights. And he also remembered that he had never been happy anywhere, except for his native land, and he had traveled all over the world.

He touched the palm tree with his hand, as if saying goodbye to it, and left the garden, and the next day he was already on the steamer home. But the palm remained. Now it has become even harder for her, although before this incident it was very hard. She was all alone.

– Tell me, please, will we be watered soon? asked the sago palm, which was very fond of dampness. “I really think I’m going to dry up today.

– I am surprised by your words, neighbor, - said the pot-bellied cactus. “Is it not enough for you that huge amount of water that is poured on you every day?” Look at me: they give me very little moisture, but I'm still fresh and juicy.

– We are not accustomed to being too frugal, answered the sago palm. “We can't grow on soil as dry and trashy as some cacti. We are not accustomed to live somehow. And besides all this, I will tell you that you are not asked to make comments.

Having said this, the sago palm was offended and fell silent.

– As for me," Cinnamon cut in, "I'm almost content with my position. True, it's a bit boring here, but at least I'm sure that no one will rip me off.

– But after all, not all of us were ripped off, ”said the tree fern. “Of course, this prison may also seem like paradise to many, after the miserable existence that they led in the wild.

– Why are you arguing? Attalea said. – Will you help yourself with this? You only increase your unhappiness with anger and irritation. It is better to leave your disputes and think about the case. Listen to me: grow taller and wider, scatter branches, push against frames and glass, our greenhouse will crumble to pieces, and we will go free. If one branch hits the glass, then, of course, it will be cut off, but what will be done with a hundred strong and courageous trunks? We just need to work together, and victory is ours.

At first, no one objected to the palm: everyone was silent and did not know what to say. Finally, the sago palm made up its mind.

– This is all nonsense,” she said.

– Nonsense! Nonsense! the trees spoke, and all at once began to prove to Attalea that she was proposing terrible nonsense.

– An impossible dream! they shouted.

– Nonsense! Ridiculous! The frames are strong, and we will never break them, and even if we did, so what is it? People will come with knives and axes, cut off the branches, close up the frames, and everything will go on as before. It will only happen that whole pieces will be cut off from us ...

– Well, as you wish! answered Attalea. “Now I know what to do. I'll leave you alone: live as you like, grumble at each other, argue over water supplies and stay forever under a glass jar. I will find my own way. I want to see the sky and the sun not through these bars and glass - and I will see!

And the palm tree proudly looked with its green top at the forest of comrades spread out under it. None of them dared to say anything to her, only the sago palm quietly said to the cicada neighbor:

– Well, let's see, let's see how they cut off your big head so that you are not very arrogant, proud!

The rest, though silent, were still angry with Attalea for her proud words.

Only one little grass was not angry with the palm tree and was not offended by her speeches. It was the most miserable and contemptible of all the greenhouse plants: friable, pale, creeping, with sluggish plump leaves. There was nothing remarkable about it, and it was used in the greenhouse only to cover the bare ground. She wrapped herself around the foot of a large palm tree, listened to her, and it seemed to her that Attalea was right. She did not know the southern nature, but she also loved the air and freedom. The greenhouse was a prison for her too.

But she was not a big tree, but only a small and sluggish grass. She could only wrap herself even more tenderly around the trunk of Attalea and whisper to her her love and desire for happiness in an attempt.

– Of course, we are not at all so warm, the sky is not so clear, the rains are not as luxurious as in your country, but still we also have the sky, and the sun, and the wind. We do not have such lush plants as you and your comrades, with such huge leaves and beautiful flowers, but we also grow very good trees: pines, firs and birches. I am a small weed and will never get to freedom, but you are so great and strong! Your trunk is solid, and it won't be long before you grow to a glass roof. You will break through it and go out into the light of God. Then you will tell me if everything is as beautiful as it was. I'll be happy with that too.

– Why, little weed, do you not want to go out with me? My trunk is hard and strong: lean on it, crawl over me. It means nothing to me to take you down.

– No, where do I go! Look how lethargic and weak I am: I cannot lift even one of my branches. No, I'm not your friend. Grow up, be happy. I only ask you, when you are released, sometimes remember your little friend!

Then the palm tree began to grow. Even before, visitors to the greenhouse were surprised at her enormous growth, and she became taller and taller every month. The director of the botanical garden attributed such rapid growth to good care and was proud of the knowledge with which he set up the greenhouse and conducted his business.

And she grew, spending all her juices just to stretch out, and depriving them of her roots and leaves. Sometimes it seemed to her that the distance to the vault did not decrease. Then she strained all her strength. The frames got closer and closer, and finally the young leaf touched the cold glass and iron.

– Look, look, - the plants began to speak, - where she climbed! Will it be decided?

– How she has grown terribly,” said the tree fern.

– Well, what has grown! Eka is unseen! If only she could get fat like me! said a fat cicada with a barrel like a barrel.

– And what is it dragging on? It still won't do anything. The grilles are strong and the glass is thick.

Another month has passed. Attalea rose. Finally, she firmly rested against the frames. There was nowhere else to grow. Then the trunk began to bend. Its leafy top crumpled, the cold rods of the frame dug into the tender young leaves, cut and mutilated them, but the tree was stubborn, did not spare the leaves, in spite of everything it pressed on the grates, and the grates were already moving, although they were made of strong iron. The little grass watched the fight and froze with excitement.

– Tell me, don't you feel pain? If the frames are already so strong, isn't it better to retreat? she asked the palm tree.

– Hurt? What does it mean to hurt when I want to go free? Didn't you yourself encourage me? Palm replied.

– Yes, I encouraged, but I did not know that it was so difficult. I feel sorry for you. You are suffering so much.

– Shut up, weak plant! Do not feel sorry for me! I will die or be free!

And at that moment there was a loud bang. A thick iron strip burst. Shards of glass fell and rang. One of them hit the headmaster on his way out of the greenhouse.

– What it is? he yelled, shuddering as he saw pieces of glass flying through the air. He ran away from the greenhouse and looked up at the roof. Above the glass vault, the straightened green crown of a palm tree proudly rose.

"Only that? she thought. “Is that all that I have languished and suffered for so long?” And this was the highest goal for me to achieve?

It was deep autumn when Attalea straightened its top into a punched hole. It was drizzling with a fine rain mixed with snow; the wind drove low gray ragged clouds.

And Attalea realized that it was all over for her. She froze. Back under the roof again? But she couldn't come back. She had to stand in the cold wind, feel its gusts and the sharp touch of snowflakes, look at the dirty sky, at the impoverished nature, at the dirty backyard of the botanical garden, at the boring huge city seen in the fog, and wait for people down there, in the greenhouse, they won't decide what to do with it. The director ordered the tree to be cut down.

– It would be possible to build a special cap over it,” he said, “but for how long? She will grow up again and break everything. And besides, it will cost too much. Cut her down!

They tied the palm tree with ropes so that, falling, it would not break the walls of the greenhouse, and sawed it low, at the very root. The little grass that wrapped around the tree trunk did not want to part with its friend and also fell under the saw. When the palm tree was pulled out of the greenhouse, the stalks and leaves, smashed with a saw, were lying on the section of the remaining stump.

– Pull out this rubbish and throw it away,” the director said. “She has already turned yellow, and drinking has spoiled her very much. Plant something new here.

One of the gardeners with a deft blow of a spade tore out a whole armful of grass. He threw it into a basket, carried it out, and threw it into the back yard, right on top of a dead palm tree that lay in the mud and was already half-covered with snow.

4) « Attalea princeps »: heroic and ordinary in a fairy tale. Antithesis as the main artistic technique. The pathos of the work.

1. Conversation on the questions:

- What is this tale about?

- Is there anything in common between this work and A. Pogorelsky's fairy tale "The Black Hen"?

- How do you envision the characters?

2. Vocabulary work.

- Look in the explanatory dictionary for explanations of the words "pride" and "pride". Write them down in a notebook. About which of the heroes of the Russian fairy tales you read(“Magic Ring”, “Scarlet Flower”, “Finist - Clear Falcon”) you can say: “this is a proud person”, “pride has seized this person”).

- Write one description in writing - a proud and proud, arrogant person - according to the following plan:

height;

head position (head up, shoulders straightened; head up);

facial expression (nose, lips, eyes);

hairstyle;

gait;

cloth.

- Play the role of a proud and proud person at home in front of your parents: how he speaks, how he walks. Then one of you will have to act out these roles in class.

PHYSICAL MINUTE

3. Analysis of the fairy tale by episodes.

1) Analysis of the 1st fragment of the tale from the words: "In one big city ..." - to the words: "there the leaves turned pale, shrank and withered."

Important points to pay attention to:

The intonation at the beginning of the tale is calm, narrative.

The first paragraph - admiring the greenhouse as a wonderful work of art, the creation of human hands.

In the second paragraph, along with the words “prisoned plants”, anxiety appears, intonations become tense.

- From which sides does the writer show us the greenhouse? What is its duality?(On the one hand, this is a beautiful gem; on the other hand, it is a prison for plants.)

- How did the plants feel in the greenhouse? How do you understand the phrase: "No matter how transparent the glass roof, but it is not a clear sky"?

- What was the air like in the greenhouse? What kind of wind did the plants dream about?

- What feelings and emotions did plants show at the time of the struggle for moisture and food?

- What attitude towards the greenhouse is created by the reader after the first page of the tale?

2) Analysis of the 2nd fragment of the tale from the words: "But the glass was inserted very soon" - to the words: "... and the next day he was already riding the steamer home."(When describing the director, when reading his remarks, a dry, pedantic tone sounds, somewhat grouchy to hostile. When reading the remarks of the Brazilian and the paragraph dedicated to his memories of his homeland, the tone becomes lyrical, dreamy, thoughtful.)

- Do you think the director of the greenhouse and the traveler from Brazil are alike? How are they not similar?

- What is the main job of a director? What has the Brazilian been doing in recent years?(The Brazilian director is opposed to each other: the first one sits in a glass booth and examines the drugs, the second travels around the world and sees the whole world. The first sees and hears only what he wants to see and hear (Refused to know the native name of the palm tree): the eyes of the second are open to the world , he perceives phenomena in their entirety, without rejecting the opinions of other people (“... I fully believe you that botanists call her Attalea , but she has a native, real name.")

- Why did the Brazilian decide to leave for his homeland?

- Which of the people - the director or the traveler - is closer in spirit to the palm tree?

3) Analysis of the 3rd fragment of the tale from the words: “But the palm tree remained” - to the words: “The rest, although they were silent, were still angry withAttaleafor her words.

(The first paragraph of this passage shows us the beautiful soul of the palm tree, its feelings and longing. It is contrasted with plants chatting among themselves: a capricious sago palm, a self-satisfied cactus, cinnamon, philistine-satisfied with life, a stinging fern. The dispute of plants is interrupted by a proud palm tree, calling them to break out together to freedom.)

- What is the behavior of plants in a greenhouse like? What did they care about? What were they proud of?

- Why did the plants begin to prove to the palm tree that it was offering them “terrible nonsense”? What is the reason for their resentment?(Fear for your life, fear of change.)

- Why didn't the plants support the palm tree in its quest for freedom? Why were they hostile to the palm tree, wishing it harm, like a sago palm tree, and angry with it?

4) analysis of the 4th fragment of the tale from the words: “Only one little grass ...” - to the words: “... sometimes remember your little friend!” (pp. 157-159).

(By changing the intonations in the volume of the voice when reading a fairy tale, one should try to convey the contrast between the palm tree in the small grass and at the same time the love and respect that the grass felt for the palm tree.)

- Why did grass, unlike other plants, understand the palm tree?(“She did not know the southern nature, but she also loved the air and freedom. The greenhouse was a prison for her.”)

- Why did the grass want the palm tree to enter God's light? Why did she think that she herself would never get to freedom?

- How does weed make us feel?(We pity her in admiring her ability to empathize, to understand the feelings of the palm tree.)

5) Analysis of the 5th fragment of the tale from the words: “Then the palm tree began to grow” - to the words: “A straightened green crown of the palm tree proudly rose above the glass vault.”(This is the most dynamic passage. Intonations during reading become more and more tense, the expectation of a denouement causes excitement. Plants are surprised, but still try to gloat. Grass sympathizes and pities the palm tree. Before us is the climax of a fairy tale. The tension of the struggle is replaced by proud intonations of victory.)

- What feelings did the director of the botanical garden experience, looking at the rapidly growing palm tree?

- Why was the palm tree ready to utter a cry of anger when struck with a cane?

- How did the palm fight for freedom? What price did she pay for wanting to see the real sky?(“Then the trunk began to bend. Its leafy top crumpled, the cold rods of the frame dug into the tender young leaves, cut into mutilated them, but the tree was stubborn, did not spare the leaves, in spite of everything, pressed on the gratings, and the gratings were already giving in, although were made of strong iron.")

- Why did the little grass freeze with excitement?

- Why did the palm tree not want pity? Why did she say, “I will die or be free!”?

- To what ideal did the palm strive?

- What feelings do you think the director experienced when he saw the proudly straightened top of the palm tree?

6) Analysis of the 6th fragment of the tale from the words: “Just something? she thought, until the end.

- The palm reached its goal: it broke through the roof of the greenhouse, broke free and saw the sky. Why was the palm tree disappointed? Why did she realize that it was all over for her?

- What did the palm tree expect to see and what did it actually see?

Let us emphasize the contradiction of dreams and reality, the opposition of the ideal and the acquired reality.

- How did the director reason, deciding that it was necessary to cut down a palm tree? Why did he order the little weed to be thrown away?

- How do we feel when we read about how the palm tree died? Are we experiencing the death of weed?

IV. Lesson results.(Reflection).

- What feelings do you have after reading the story? What was your mood while reading the piece? Did it change as you read?

- What is the name of the technique that the author uses when describing the greenhouse, first showing the beauty of the greenhouse, and then describing it as a prison? (Antithesis .)

- What are the plants living in the greenhouse like?

- Is there a place on earth where everyone is happy? Who has an opinion on this?

- What wisdom did you discover from the content of the work? Which of these wisdoms are closest to you and would you like to use them in your life?

V. D / s. 1) Read a fairy taleP.P. Ershov "Humpbacked Horse".

2) Zassignment: answer the question “What, what are the facts of the biography of V.M. Garshin could serve as a reason for creating a fairy tale,Attaleaprinceps“?»

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Tale of Attalea princeps

Garshin Vsevolod Mikhailovich

Tale of Attalea princeps summary:

The fairy tale "Attalea princeps" describes the fate of a palm tree that lives in a greenhouse and strives for freedom. Living under a glass dome of a greenhouse, she longed to get out and see the blue sky, wildlife. She yearned for her native countries, from where she was brought. Every month the palm tree grew higher and higher. The director of the botanical garden attributed her rapid growth to good care. Finally, the palm tree reached such a height that it broke one of the trellises and shattered the glass. There was only a cold autumn wind and drizzling rain outside. The palm began to freeze and realized that it was all over for her. She wanted to go back to the greenhouse, but she couldn't. Then the director of the greenhouse ordered to cut it down and throw it away. Tortured by a saw, a yellowed palm tree was mercilessly thrown into the backyard right into the mud, along with a small grass that did not want to part with a poor friend.

This tale shows that even plants have desires and that you need to achieve your goal, no matter what.

The tale of Attalea princeps read:

In one large city there was a botanical garden, and in this garden there was a huge greenhouse made of iron and glass. She was very beautiful: slender twisted columns supported the entire building; light patterned arches rested on them, intertwined with each other by a whole web of iron frames into which glass was inserted. The greenhouse was especially beautiful when the sun went down and illuminated it with red light. Then it was all on fire, red reflections played and shimmered, as if in a huge, finely polished precious stone.

No matter how transparent the glass roof is, it is not a clear sky. Sometimes, in winter, the windows were frosted over; then it was quite dark in the greenhouse. The wind hummed, beat on the frames and made them tremble. The roof was covered with swept snow. The plants stood and listened to the howling of the wind and remembered another wind, warm, moist, which gave them life and health. And they wanted to feel his breath again, they wanted him to shake their branches, play with their leaves. But in the greenhouse the air was still; except sometimes a winter storm broke the glass, and a sharp, cold stream, full of hoarfrost, flew under the roof. Wherever this jet hit, the leaves turned pale, shrank and withered.

There was one palm tree among the plants, taller than all and more beautiful than all. The director, who was sitting in the booth, called it Attalea in Latin. But this name was not her native name: botanists came up with it. Botanists did not know the native name, and it was not written in soot on a white board nailed to the trunk of a palm tree. Once a visitor came to the botanical garden from that hot country where the palm tree grew; when he saw her, he smiled, because she reminded him of his homeland.

- A! he said, “I know this tree. And he called him by his native name.

“Excuse me,” the director shouted to him from his booth, who at that time was carefully cutting some stalk with a razor, “you are mistaken. Such a tree as you deigned to say does not exist. This is Attalea princeps, originally from Brazil.

- Oh, yes, - said the Brazilian, - I quite believe you that the botanists call her Attalea, but she also has a native, real name.

“The real name is the one given by science,” the botanist said dryly and locked the door of the booth so that people would not interfere with him, who did not even understand that if a man of science said something, then you need to be silent and obey.

But the palm remained. Now it has become even harder for her, although before this incident it was very hard. She was all alone. She towered five fathoms above the tops of all other plants, and these other plants did not love her, envied her and considered her proud. This growth gave her only one grief; apart from the fact that everyone was together, and she was alone, she remembered her native sky best of all and yearned for it most of all, because she was closest to that which replaced it: to the ugly glass roof. Through it she could sometimes see something blue; it was a sky, though alien and pale, but still a real blue sky. And when the plants chatted among themselves, Attalea was always silent, yearning and thinking only about how good it would be to stand even under this pale sky.

- Tell me, please, will we be watered soon? asked the sago palm, which was very fond of dampness. “I really think I’m going to dry up today.

“Your words surprise me, neighbor,” said the pot-bellied cactus. “Is it not enough for you that huge amount of water that is poured on you every day?” Look at me: they give me very little moisture, but I'm still fresh and juicy.

“We are not accustomed to being too frugal,” replied the sago palm. “We can't grow on soil as dry and trashy as some cacti. We are not accustomed to live somehow. And besides all this, I will tell you that you are not asked to make comments.

Having said this, the sago palm was offended and fell silent.

“As for me,” Cinnamon intervened, “I am almost content with my position. True, it's a bit boring here, but at least I'm sure that no one will rip me off.

“But we weren’t all ripped off,” said the tree fern. “Of course, this prison may also seem like paradise to many, after the miserable existence that they led in the wild.

Here the cinnamon, forgetting that she had been ripped off, was offended and began to argue. Some plants stood up for her, some for the fern, and a heated altercation ensued.

If they could move, they would certainly fight.

- Why are you arguing? Attalea said. – Will you help yourself with this? You only increase your unhappiness with anger and irritation. It is better to leave your disputes and think about the case. Listen to me: grow taller and wider, scatter branches, push against frames and glass, our greenhouse will crumble to pieces, and we will go free. If one branch hits the glass, then, of course, it will be cut off, but what will be done with a hundred strong and courageous trunks? We just need to work together, and victory is ours.

At first, no one objected to the palm: everyone was silent and did not know what to say. Finally, the sago palm made up its mind.

“It's all nonsense,” she said.

- Nonsense! Nonsense! the trees spoke, and all at once began to prove to Attale that she was proposing terrible nonsense. - An impossible dream! they shouted. - Nonsense, absurdity! The frames are strong, and we will never break them, and even if we did, so what is it? People will come with knives and axes, cut off the branches, repair the frames, and everything will go on as before. It will only happen that whole pieces will be cut off from us ...

- Well, as you wish! answered Attalea. “Now I know what to do. I'll leave you alone: live as you like, grumble at each other, argue over water supplies and stay forever under a glass jar. I will find my own way. I want to see the sky and the sun not through these bars and glass - and I will see!

And the palm tree proudly looked with its green top at the forest of comrades spread out under it. None of them dared to say anything to her, only the sago palm quietly said to the cicada neighbor:

- Well, let's see, let's see how they cut off your big head so that you are not very arrogant, proud!

The rest, although silent, were still angry with Attale for her proud words. Only one little grass was not angry with the palm tree and was not offended by her speeches. It was the most miserable and contemptible of all the greenhouse plants: friable, pale, creeping, with sluggish plump leaves. There was nothing remarkable about it, and it was used in the greenhouse only to cover the bare ground. She wrapped herself around the foot of a large palm tree, listened to her, and it seemed to her that Attalea was right. She did not know the southern nature, but she also loved the air and freedom.

The greenhouse was a prison for her too. “If I, an insignificant, sluggish grass, suffer so much without my gray sky, without a pale sun and cold rain, then what must this beautiful and mighty tree experience in captivity!” - so she thought, and tenderly wrapped herself around the palm tree and caressed it. “Why am I not a big tree? I would take advice. We would grow up together and go free together. Then the rest would see that Attalea was right.”

But she was not a big tree, but only a small and sluggish grass. She could only wrap herself even more tenderly around Attale's trunk and whisper her love and wish for happiness in the attempt.

“Of course, we are not at all so warm, the sky is not so clear, the rains are not as luxurious as in your country, but still we have the sky, and the sun, and the wind. We do not have such lush plants as you and your comrades, with such huge leaves and beautiful flowers, but we also grow very good trees: pines, firs and birches. I am a small weed and will never get to freedom, but you are so great and strong! Your trunk is solid, and it won't be long before you grow to a glass roof. You will break through it and go out into God's light. Then you will tell me if everything is as beautiful as it was. I'll be happy with that too.

“Why, little weed, don’t you want to go out with me?” My trunk is hard and strong; lean on it, crawl on me. It means nothing to me to take you down.

- No, where do I go! Look how lethargic and weak I am: I cannot lift even one of my branches. No, I'm not your friend. Grow up, be happy. I only ask you, when you are released, sometimes remember your little friend!

“Yes, sir, look at Attalea princeps,” he said. - Such tall specimens are rare in Brazil. We have applied all our knowledge so that the plants develop in the greenhouse just as freely as in the wild, and I think we have achieved some success.

At the same time, he patted the hard wood with his cane with a satisfied look, and the blows resounded loudly through the greenhouse. The leaves of the palm trembled from these blows. Oh, if she could moan, what a cry of rage the headmaster would hear!

He imagines that I am growing for his pleasure, thought Attalea. “Let him imagine!”

And she grew, spending all her juices just to stretch out, and depriving them of her roots and leaves. Sometimes it seemed to her that the distance to the vault did not decrease. Then she strained all her strength. The frames got closer and closer, and at last the young leaf touched the cold glass and iron.

“Look, look,” said the plants, “where she got to!” Will it be decided?

“How terribly she has grown,” said the tree-fern.

- Well, what has grown! Eka is unseen! If only she could get fat like I do,” said a fat cicada with a barrel like a barrel. - And what is it stretching for? It still won't do anything. The grilles are strong and the glass is thick.

The little grass watched the fight and froze with excitement.

"Tell me, are you hurt?" If the frames are already so strong, isn't it better to retreat? she asked the palm tree.

- Hurt? What does it hurt when I want to go free. Didn't you yourself encourage me? Palm replied.

- Yes, I encouraged, but I did not know that it was so difficult. I feel sorry for you. You are suffering so much.

"Shut up, weak plant!" Do not feel sorry for me! I will die or be free!

And at that moment there was a loud bang. A thick iron strip burst. Shards of glass fell and rang. One of them hit the headmaster on his way out of the greenhouse.

- What it is? he yelled, shuddering as he saw pieces of glass flying through the air. He ran away from the greenhouse and looked up at the roof. The green crown of a palm tree rose proudly above the glass vault.

"Only that? she thought. “Is that all that I have languished and suffered for so long?” And this was the highest goal for me to achieve?

It was deep autumn when Attalea straightened its top into a punched hole. It was drizzling with a fine rain mixed with snow; the wind drove low gray ragged clouds. She felt like they were embracing her. The trees were already bare and seemed to be some kind of ugly dead. Only the pines and fir trees had dark green needles. The trees looked gloomily at the palm tree. “You will freeze! as if they were telling her. You don't know what frost is. You can't endure. Why did you come out of your greenhouse?"

And Attalea realized that it was all over for her. She froze. Back under the roof again? But she couldn't come back. She had to stand in the cold wind, feel its gusts and the sharp touch of snowflakes, look at the dirty sky, at the impoverished nature, at the dirty backyard of the botanical garden, at the boring huge city seen in the fog, and wait until people down there, in greenhouse, they won't decide what to do with it.

The director ordered the tree to be cut down. “It would be possible to build a special cap over it,” he said, “but for how long? She will grow up again and break everything. And besides, it will cost too much. Cut her down."

They tied the palm tree with ropes so that, falling, it would not break the walls of the greenhouse, and sawed it low, at the very root. The little grass that wrapped itself around the tree trunk did not want to part with its friend and also fell under the saw. When the palm tree was pulled out of the greenhouse, the stalks and leaves, smashed with a saw, were lying on the section of the remaining stump.

“Tear this rubbish out and throw it away,” said the headmaster. “She has already turned yellow, and drinking has spoiled her very much. Plant something new here.

Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin

Attalea princeps

- A! - he said. - I know this tree. And he called him by his native name.

“Oh yes,” said the Brazilian, “I fully believe you that the botanists call her Attalea, but she also has a native, real name.

- Tell me, please, will we be watered soon? asked the sago palm, which was very fond of dampness. “I really think I’m going to dry up today.

Having said this, the sago palm was offended and fell silent.

“As for me,” Cinnamon intervened, “I am almost content with my position. True, it's a bit boring here, but at least I'm sure that no one will rip me off.

“But we weren’t all ripped off,” said the tree fern. “Of course, this prison may also seem like paradise to many, after the miserable existence that they led in the wild.

At first, no one objected to the palm: everyone was silent and did not know what to say. Finally, the sago palm made up its mind.

“It's all nonsense,” she said.

- Nonsense! Nonsense! the trees spoke, and all at once began to prove to Attalea that she was proposing terrible nonsense. - An impossible dream! they shouted.

- Nonsense! Ridiculous! The frames are strong, and we will never break them, and even if we did, so what is it? People will come with knives and axes, cut off the branches, close up the frames, and everything will go on as before. Only and will. that they will cut off whole pieces from us ...