The painting by Shishkin Ivan Ivanovich “Morning in a Pine Forest” is perhaps the most famous painting by this Russian landscape painter. The canvas depicts a she-bear with three little cubs playing on a fallen pine tree. The painting is done in Shishkin's typical style: warm shades, skillfully drawn details, soft sunlight breaking through the branches. But the main highlight of the canvas is the mischievous cubs. They are depicted so cheerful, carefree, so “alive” that it immediately becomes clear that the artist treated the forest and its inhabitants with great love and awe. Or rather, artists.
How "Morning in a Pine Forest" was Created
The history of the creation of the painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” is quite interesting - for example, not everyone knows that Shishkin is not the only author of the canvas. The idea for the painting was suggested to him by Konstantin Savitsky, who became the co-author of the painting, personally painting all the bears. But his name was erased from the canvas by the philanthropist Tretyakov who bought the masterpiece.
He noted that in the picture "everything speaks of the manner of painting, of the creative method peculiar to Shishkin." Of course, such a description of Shishkin’s painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” certainly flattered the great painter, but after the incident, Shishkin and Savitsky managed not to quarrel, but to remain friends for many years. Konstantin Savitsky even became the godfather for Shishkin's son. They were brought together by many things, so that the erased signature could not affect strong friendship and positive relationships.
Although Savitsky and Shishkin’s painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” owes much of its popularity to Tretyakov, the German confectioner Ferdinand von Einem made a significant contribution to its fame, who placed the plot from this painting on the wrapper of his “Clumsy Bear” chocolates. Of course, the image on the wrapper was very simplified, but still, people quickly fell in love with the cubs. And soon, not a single holiday was complete without the famous chocolates with waffles inside. Among the people, the painting was tacitly called “Three Bears” (which, however, is not entirely true, because there are four bears on it). But, apparently, the consonance with the folk tale "Masha and the Bears", where there were really three bears, affected. Sometimes the canvas is also called “Morning in a Pine Forest”, but this is an erroneous name.
These sweets with a waffle inside continued to be produced after the October Revolution - however, this was no longer done by von Einem's confectionery, but by the Red October enterprise. But this did not make them less fond of sweets.
This painting remains popular to this day - its reproductions can be seen in many apartments. After all, its warm, sincere atmosphere is able to bring warmth, tranquility, and comfort to the house. The original today has become an adornment of the St. Petersburg Tretyakov Gallery. Many art lovers come to admire this great work of Russian fine art.
CategoryTo start: As you know, many epoch-making events in world history are inextricably linked with the city of Vyatka (in some versions - Kirov (who is Sergei Mironych)). What is the reason for this - the stars may have stood up like that, maybe the air or alumina is somehow especially healing there, maybe the collager has influenced, but the fact remains: no matter what happens in the world is especially significant, the "hand of Vyatka" can be traced in almost everything. However, so far no one has taken responsibility and the hard work of systematizing all the significant phenomena that are directly linked to the history of Vyatka. In this situation, a group of young promising historians (in my person) undertook to make this attempt. As a result, a cycle of highly artistic scientific and historical essays on documented historical facts was born under the heading "Vyatka - the birthplace of elephants." Which I plan to post on this resource from time to time. So, let's begin.
Vyatka - the birthplace of elephants
Vyatka bear - the main character of the painting "Morning in a pine forest"
Art critics have long proven that Shishkin painted the painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” from nature, and not from the wrapper of the candy “Clumsy Bear”. The history of writing a masterpiece is quite interesting.
In 1885, Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin decided to paint a canvas that would reflect the deep strength and immense power of the Russian pine forest. The artist chose the Bryansk forests as the place for writing the canvas. For three months, Shishkin lived in a hut, seeking unity with nature. The result of the action was the landscape “Pine Forest. Morning". However, the wife of Ivan Ivanovich Sofya Karlovna, who served as the main expert and critic of the paintings of the great painter, considered that the canvas lacked dynamics. At the family council, it was decided to supplement the landscape with forest animals. Initially, it was planned to "let the hares along the canvas", however, their small dimensions would hardly have been able to convey the power and strength of the Russian forest. I had to choose from three textured representatives of the fauna: a bear, a wild boar and an elk. The selection was made by the cut-off method. The boar fell away immediately - Sofya Karlovna did not like pork. Sukhaty also did not pass the competition, as an elk climbing a tree would look unnatural. In search of a suitable bear that won the tender, Shishkin was again resettled in the Bryansk forests. However, this time he was disappointed. All the Bryansk bears seemed to the painter to be skinny and unsympathetic. Shishkin continued his search in other provinces. For 4 years the artist wandered through the forests of the Orel, Ryazan and Pskov regions, but never found an exhibit worthy of a masterpiece. “Today the bear, which is not purebred, has gone, maybe a wild boar will do?” Shishkin wrote to his wife from the hut. Sofya Karlovna helped her husband here too - in Brem's encyclopedia "Animal Life" she read that the bears living in the Vyatka province have the best exterior. The biologist described the brown bear of the Vyatka line as "a strongly built animal with a correct bite and well-standing ears." Shishkin went to Vyatka, to the Omutninsky district, in search of the ideal animal. On the sixth day of his stay in the forest, not far from his cozy dugout, the artist discovered a lair of magnificent representatives of the brown breed of bears. The bears also discovered Shishkin and Ivan Ivanovich added them from memory. In 1889, the great canvas was completed, certified by Sofia Karlovna and placed in the Tretyakov Gallery.
Unfortunately, few people remember the significant contribution of Vyatka nature to the painting “Morning in a Pine Forest”. But in vain. And to this day, the bear in these parts is found powerful and thoroughbred. It is a well-known fact that the Gromyk bear from the Zonikha animal farm posed for the emblem of the 1980 Olympics.
Vyacheslav Sykchin,
independent historian,
chairman of the cell of medvedologists
Vyatka Society of Darwinists.
“Morning in a Pine Forest” is perhaps one of the most famous paintings by Ivan Shishkin. The first thing that attracts and touches the audience looking at the masterpiece is the bears. Without animals, the picture would hardly have turned out so attractive. Meanwhile, few people know that it was not Shishkin who painted the animals, but another artist named Savitsky.
Bear Master
Konstantin Apollonovich Savitsky is no longer as famous as Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin, whose name is known, probably, even by a child. Nevertheless, Savitsky is also one of the most talented domestic painters. At one time he was an academician and a member of the Imperial Academy of Arts. It is clear that it was on the basis of art that Savitsky met Shishkin.
Both of them loved Russian nature and selflessly depicted it on their canvases. That's just Ivan Ivanovich preferred more landscapes in which people or animals, if they appeared, then only in the role of secondary characters. Savitsky, on the contrary, actively portrayed both of them. Apparently, thanks to the skill of a friend, Shishkin established himself in the idea that the figures of living beings were not very successful for him.
Help a friend
In the late 1880s, Ivan Shishkin completed another landscape, in which he depicted morning in a pine forest with unusual picturesqueness. However, according to the artist, the picture lacked some kind of accent, for which he planned to draw 2 bears. Shishkin even made sketches for future characters, but was dissatisfied with his work. It was then that he turned to Konstantin Savitsky with a request to help him with the animals. A friend of Shishkin did not refuse and gladly set to work. The bears turned out to be envious. In addition, the number of clubfoot has doubled.
In fairness, it should be noted that Shishkin himself was not going to cheat at all, and when the picture was ready, he indicated not only his last name, but also Savitsky. Both friends were satisfied with the joint work. But everything was spoiled by the founder of the world-famous gallery, Pavel Tretyakov.
Stubborn Tretyakov
It was Tretyakov who purchased Morning in a Pine Forest from Shishkin. However, the philanthropist did not like 2 signatures in the picture. And since after the purchase of this or that work of art, Tretyakov considered himself the sole and full owner of it, he took and erased the name of Savitsky. Shishkin began to object, but Pavel Mikhailovich remained adamant. He said that the manner of writing, including with regard to bears, corresponds to the manner of Shishkin, and Savitsky is clearly superfluous here.
Ivan Shishkin shared the fee received from Tretyakov with a friend. However, he gave Savitsky only the 4th part of the money, explaining that he did the sketches for "Morning" without the help of Konstantin Apollonovich.
Surely, Savitsky was offended by such an appeal. In any case, he did not write a single canvas in tandem with Shishkin. And Savitsky's bears, in any case, really became the decoration of the picture: without them, "Morning in a Pine Forest" would hardly have received such recognition.
“Morning in a Pine Forest” is perhaps one of the most famous paintings by Ivan Shishkin. The first thing that attracts and touches the audience looking at the masterpiece is the bears. Without animals, the picture would hardly have turned out so attractive. Meanwhile, few people know that it was not Shishkin who painted the animals, but another artist named Savitsky.
Bear Master
Konstantin Apollonovich Savitsky is no longer as famous as Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin, whose name is known, probably, even by a child. Nevertheless, Savitsky is also one of the most talented domestic painters. At one time he was an academician and a member of the Imperial Academy of Arts. It is clear that it was on the basis of art that Savitsky met Shishkin.
Both of them loved Russian nature and selflessly depicted it on their canvases. That's just Ivan Ivanovich preferred more landscapes in which people or animals, if they appeared, then only in the role of secondary characters. Savitsky, on the contrary, actively portrayed both of them. Apparently, thanks to the skill of a friend, Shishkin established himself in the idea that the figures of living beings were not very successful for him.
Help a friend
In the late 1880s, Ivan Shishkin completed another landscape, in which he depicted morning in a pine forest with unusual picturesqueness. However, according to the artist, the picture lacked some kind of accent, for which he planned to draw 2 bears. Shishkin even made sketches for future characters, but was dissatisfied with his work. It was then that he turned to Konstantin Savitsky with a request to help him with the animals. A friend of Shishkin did not refuse and gladly set to work. The bears turned out to be envious. In addition, the number of clubfoot has doubled.
In fairness, it should be noted that Shishkin himself was not going to cheat at all, and when the picture was ready, he indicated not only his last name, but also Savitsky. Both friends were satisfied with the joint work. But everything was spoiled by the founder of the world-famous gallery, Pavel Tretyakov.
Stubborn Tretyakov
It was Tretyakov who purchased Morning in a Pine Forest from Shishkin. However, the philanthropist did not like 2 signatures in the picture. And since after the purchase of this or that work of art, Tretyakov considered himself the sole and full owner of it, he took and erased the name of Savitsky. Shishkin began to object, but Pavel Mikhailovich remained adamant. He said that the manner of writing, including with regard to bears, corresponds to the manner of Shishkin, and Savitsky is clearly superfluous here.
Ivan Shishkin shared the fee received from Tretyakov with a friend. However, he gave Savitsky only the 4th part of the money, explaining that he did the sketches for "Morning" without the help of Konstantin Apollonovich.
Surely, Savitsky was offended by such an appeal. In any case, he did not write a single canvas in tandem with Shishkin. And Savitsky's bears, in any case, really became the decoration of the picture: without them, "Morning in a Pine Forest" would hardly have received such recognition.
Plot
With rare exceptions, the plot of Shishkin's paintings (if you look at this issue broadly) is one - nature. Ivan Ivanovich is an enthusiastic, enamored contemplator. And the viewer becomes an eyewitness of the artist's meeting with his native spaces.
Shishkin was an extraordinary connoisseur of the forest. He knew everything about trees of different species and noticed mistakes in the drawing. In the open air, the artist’s students were literally ready to hide in the bushes, just not to hear the dressing in the spirit of “There can’t be such a birch” or “these fake pines”.
The students were so afraid of Shishkin that they hid in the bushes.
As for people and animals, they occasionally appeared in Ivan Ivanovich's paintings, but they were more of a background than an object of attention. “Morning in a Pine Forest” is perhaps the only canvas where bears compete with the forest. For this, thanks to one of Shishkin's best friends - the artist Konstantin Savitsky. He proposed such a composition and depicted animals. True, Pavel Tretyakov, who bought the painting, erased the name of Savitsky, so for a long time the bears were attributed to Shishkin.
Portrait of Shishkin by I. N. Kramskoy. 1880
Context
Before Shishkin, it was fashionable to paint Italian and Swiss landscapes. “Even in those rare cases when artists took up the image of Russian areas, Russian nature was Italianized, pulled up to the ideal of Italian beauty,” recalled Alexandra Komarova, Shishkin’s niece. Ivan Ivanovich was the first who painted Russian nature realistically with such rapture. So that looking at his paintings, a person would say: “There is a Russian spirit, there it smells of Russia.”
Rye. 1878
And now the story of how Shishkin's canvas became a wrapper. Around the same time that “Morning in a Pine Forest” was presented to the public, Julius Geis, the head of the “Einem Partnership”, was brought a candy for testing: a thick layer of almond praline between two wafer plates and glazed chocolate. The confectioner liked the candy. Geis thought about the name. Here his gaze lingered on the reproduction of the painting by Shishkin and Savitsky. And so the idea of \u200b\u200b"Clumsy Bear" appeared.
The wrapper, familiar to everyone, appeared in 1913, it was created by the artist Manuil Andreev. To the plot of Shishkin and Savitsky, he added a frame of fir branches and the stars of Bethlehem - in those years, sweets were the most expensive and desired gift for the Christmas holidays. Over time, the wrapper went through various adjustments, but conceptually remained the same.
The fate of the artist
“Lord, can my son really be a house painter!” - Ivan Shishkin's mother lamented when she realized that she could not convince her son, who decided to become an artist. The boy was terribly afraid of becoming an official. And by the way, it's good that he didn't. The fact is that Shishkin had an uncontrollable craving for drawing. Literally every sheet that was in the hands of Ivan was covered with drawings. Just imagine what the official Shishkin could do with the documents!
Shishkin knew all the botanical details about trees
Ivan Ivanovich studied painting first in Moscow, then in St. Petersburg. Life was hard. The artist Pyotr Neradovsky, whose father studied and lived with Ivan Ivanovich, wrote in his memoirs: “Shishkin was so poor that he often did not have his own boots. To go somewhere out of the house, it happened that he put on his father's boots. On Sundays they went to dinner together at my father's sister's.
Wild in the north. 1891
But everything was forgotten in the summer in the open air. Together with Savrasov and other classmates, they went somewhere outside the city and there they painted sketches from nature. “There, in nature, we really studied ... We studied in nature, and also rested from gypsum,” Shishkin recalled. Even then he chose the theme of life: “I really love the Russian forest and only write it. The artist needs to choose one thing that he likes the most ... You can’t scatter in any way. By the way, Shishkin learned to masterfully write Russian nature abroad. He studied in the Czech Republic, Germany, Switzerland. Pictures brought from Europe brought the first decent money.
After the death of his wife, brother and son, Shishkin drank for a long time and could not work.
Meanwhile in Russia, the Wanderers protested against the Academicians. Shishkin was incredibly happy about this. In addition, among the rebels, many were friends of Ivan Ivanovich. True, over time, he quarreled with both those and others and was very worried about this.
Shishkin died suddenly. He sat down at the canvas, just about to start work, yawned once. and all. That's exactly what the painter wanted - "instantly, immediately, so as not to suffer." Ivan Ivanovich was 66 years old.
