She is overwhelmed with a lust for life - that is the secret of her charm.
N. Dolinina
Natasha Rostova is one of the favorite heroines of Russian literature. They argue about it, imitate it and sometimes envy it. In the novel, everyone loves her: her parents, brothers, friend Sonya, Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov, the brave hussar Denisov and the frivolous handsome Kuragin fall in love with her. But most of all, Leo Tolstoy himself loves her. He admires his heroine, admires her, and the author's attitude is transferred to the reader. What is the secret of the charm of this "black-eyed, big-mouthed, ugly, but lively girl"? Tolstoy emphasizes many times that she is not Helen; she is simply bad, almost ugly. But it also happens to be beautiful. And her beauty comes from the inner fire of revival, from spiritual overflowing, which is not always open to the prying eye. I cannot agree with those who claim that in Natasha Rostova Tolstoy embodied his ideal of a woman whose main purpose is to be a wife and mother.
Firstly, because we see Natasha as a married woman only in the epilogue, and Tolstoy speaks of this as if by the way, he does not dwell on this period of her life in detail. Yes, and he portrays her in such a way that many cannot forgive Tolstoy for the way he treated our heroine.
Secondly, because the "ideal" is something unattainable, perfect, sublime. This is something that you can strive for all your life and only slightly get closer to the goal.
Tolstoy really believed that the destiny of a woman is to be a wife and mother, raise children and live in the interests of the family. All of Natasha's spiritual strength after her marriage was "aimed at serving her husband and family."
But both in literature and in life, one can find many examples of exemplary motherhood and devotion to the family, and without Natasha’s “desolation” characteristic of Natasha: “Disheveled, in a dressing gown”, “plump and fat”, “fertile female” somehow does not really fit into the concept ideal as "the perfect embodiment, the best example of something", including motherhood.
I believe that Natasha is really an ideal, but not so much in a “feminine” sense, but in a universal human sense. This is the ideal of the naturalness of human existence, filled with inner beauty and light, which is reflected on our loved ones, pleases and excites everyone who is close to us. “She is filled with a thirst for life - this is the secret of her charm,” writes N. Dolinina. - In just one day, she manages to go through and feel so much that another girl would have enough for six months. So many things happen to her because she's eagerly looking for them."
Natasha's character is attracted not only by her love of life and joyful perception of life. She has sympathy, and pity, and sensitivity, and anger. She does not have that narcissism and indifference to everyone except herself, which is in Helen. Nor does she have that spiritual laziness that is so often found in our contemporaries. "Light", society is interesting to Natasha only when it can give her new impressions and new feelings (as it was at the first ball); when it gave her the opportunity to communicate with those
people whom she loved, to whom "she could step out of the nursery with a joyful face and show a diaper with a yellow spot instead of green."
After seven years of marriage, Pierre "felt the joyful consciousness that he was not a bad person, and felt this because he saw himself reflected in his wife." And his wife reflected that "what was truly good, everything that was not entirely good was thrown away."
Not only in her husband, but in her whole life, Natasha knew how to “throw away”, not to perceive what was bad, unnecessary, what could prevent her from being herself, from living the life she wanted and loved.
But life is complex, multifaceted, and it is impossible to live it absolutely serenely and correctly. Natasha also had to go through delusion and remorse. But that only made her closer to us. I think that Tolstoy's "dear ideal" is, first of all, simplicity and naturalness, immediacy and sincerity in everything, the fullness of inner life and a sense of harmony with the world. And all this is in Natasha Rostova.
Natasha Rostova is Tolstoy's ideal of a woman. What is an ideal? This is the highest perfection, the perfect example of something or someone. This means that it embodies those qualities that the writer considered the main thing for a woman.
A thirteen-year-old black-eyed girl, with a big mouth, ugly, but alive - this is how Natasha Rostova comes to Tolstoy's epic. Natural, sincere, full of life, she is the favorite of the family.
Natasha is self-willed, she does not adhere to stiff secular rules. This is a very rich nature: the girl knows how to imagine, fantasize, remember with her heart. It cannot be boring with her: living a full life, she involves everyone around in this life. The writer cannot restrain his admiration, talking about her dancing on a visit to her uncle: “Where, how, when she sucked into herself from that Russian air that she breathed ... this spirit, where did she get these techniques from? ..” Natasha “knew how to understand everything that was ... in every Russian person. This understanding came from a simple and kind family, from closeness to nature, to the peasants. Probably, hence her dreaminess, poetry, spontaneity, her smart heart.
Only once, when in contact with the "great light", an inexperienced, gullible girl will make a fatal mistake, which will turn into a mental catastrophe for her.
Admiring his heroine, talking about her poetic love for Andrei Bolkonsky, the writer shows that manifestations of such a passionate, direct nature can be dangerous. Natasha could not cope with her passion for Anatole Kuragin. Her betrayal destroys the life of Prince Andrei, causes grief to the girl's relatives. But how Natasha herself suffers, how she executes herself! A severe moral shock leads to the fact that she became withdrawn, aloof, afraid to return to life. “I am tormented only by the evil that I did to him,” the girl admits to Pierre.
The year 1812 brings Natasha out of a severe moral crisis. She did not immediately understand the whole tragedy of what was happening, remained indifferent to everything, almost did not participate in the preparation of the Rostovs for their departure from Moscow. However, having learned that the wounded remained in Moscow, because there were no carts, and the countess did not agree to take off her things and give the carts to the wounded, Natasha, “like a storm”, rushed to her parents and demanded that the carts be released for the wounded and began to manage everything herself.
And as a bitter reward, she was granted a meeting with Prince Andrei, seriously wounded in the battle of Borodino. It is difficult to read about their date in Mytishchi and impossible to tell, this meeting is so tragic and beautiful, the writer so truthfully reveals their feelings, their love, which, having been revived, has become even “bigger, better than before.” "Not a single thought about myself ... was in Natasha's soul." Now she loves Andrey with all the strength that she is capable of, guesses his desires, wants to understand what he feels, “how he hurts” the wound, lives his life. Therefore, her life ended when he was gone.
A new meeting with Pierre gradually brings Natasha back to herself, to life. Tolstoy poses very difficult questions to the reader. Does a person, keeping the memory of the deceased, still have the right to survive his grief and love again?
Natasha does not go through the difficult path of spiritual quest, she does not ask herself "eternal" questions. “She does not deign to be smart,” Pierre will say about her. Its moral strength is in the natural properties of character, in the gift of love for life, for people, for nature, in a sense of truth.
Not everyone likes her in the novel's epilogue. In a disheveled, downtrodden woman who has abandoned her "charms", thinking only of her husband and children, it is difficult to recognize the former "sorceress". But Tolstoy does not condemn his heroine, but admires her, a loving wife, a devoted mother, a homemaker. She lives in the rich spiritual world of Pierre, reflecting the main and best in him. Not understanding her husband with her mind, she intuited unmistakably what was most important in his activities, shared his thoughts without hesitation, only because these were his thoughts, and for her he is the smartest, most honest and fair person in the world. .
It is these qualities that Tolstoy values most in a woman. That is why Natasha Rostova is his favorite heroine, his ideal.
The female theme occupies an important place in Leo Tolstoy's epic novel “War and Peace”, because a woman has her own special purpose given by nature itself: she is, first of all, a mother, a wife. For Tolstoy, this is undeniable. The world of the family is the basis of human society, and the mistress in it is a woman.
The images of women in the novel are revealed and evaluated by the author with the help of his favorite technique - the opposition of internal and external.
The author speaks of the ugliness of Princess Marya, but stops our attention on the “large, deep and radiant (as if rays of warm light sometimes came out of them in sheaves)” eyes of the heroine. Eyes, as you know, are the mirror of the soul, therefore, speaking of the look, Tolstoy characterizes the inner world of the heroine, hidden from a superficial observer (for example, Mademoiselle Bourienne). Having fallen in love with Nikolai Rostov, the princess at the moment of meeting him is transformed so that the French companion almost does not recognize her: femininity, grace and dignity appear in Marya. “For the first time, all that pure spiritual work that she had lived until now came out” and made the face of the heroine beautiful.
We do not notice any particular attractiveness in appearance with Natasha Rostova either. Always on the move, responding violently to everything that happens around Natasha can “dissolve her big mouth, becoming completely bad”, “cry like a child”, because Sonya is crying; she can grow old and unrecognizably change from grief after Andrey's death. It is this vital variability in Natasha that Tolstoy likes because her appearance is a reflection of the richest world of her feelings.
Unlike the beloved heroines of Tolstoy, Natasha Rostova and Princess Marya, Helen is the embodiment of external beauty and at the same time strange immobility, like a fossil. Tolstoy constantly emphasizes her monotonous, frozen smile and the antique beauty of her body. She resembles a beautiful, but soulless statue. It is not for nothing that the author does not speak at all about her eyes, which, on the contrary, always attract our attention in the heroines beloved by Tolstoy. Helen is good outwardly, but is the personification of immorality and depravity. For a high-society beauty, marriage is the path to enrichment. She cheats on her husband all the time, the animal nature prevails in her nature. Pierre is struck by her inner rudeness. Ellen is childless. “I'm not such a fool as to have children,” she utters blasphemous words. Not being divorced, she struggles with the problem of whom she should marry, unable to choose between her two suitors. Helen's mysterious death is due to the fact that she is entangled in her own intrigues. Such is this heroine, such is her attitude to the sacrament of marriage, to the duties of a woman. But for Tolstoy this is the most important thing.
Princess Marya and Natasha become wonderful wives. Not everything is available to Natasha in Pierre's intellectual life, but with her soul she understands his actions and helps her husband in everything. Marya captivates Nicholas with spiritual wealth, which is not given to his uncomplicated nature. Under the influence of his wife, his unbridled temper softens, for the first time he realizes his rudeness towards the peasants. Marya Bolkonskaya does not understand the economic concerns of Nikolai, she is even jealous of her husband. But the harmony of family life lies in the fact that the husband and wife, as it were, complement and enrich each other, constitute one whole. Temporary misunderstanding, light conflicts are resolved here by reconciliation.
Marya and Natasha are wonderful mothers, but Natasha is more concerned about the health of her children (Tolstoy shows how she takes care of her youngest son), Marya surprisingly penetrates into the character of the child, takes care of spiritual and moral education. We see that the heroines are similar in the main, most valuable qualities for the author - they are given the ability to subtly feel the mood of loved ones, share someone else's grief, they selflessly love their family.
A very important quality of Natasha and Marya is naturalness, artlessness. They are not able to play a role, do not depend on prying eyes, they can violate etiquette. So, at her first ball, Natasha stands out precisely for her spontaneity, sincerity in the manifestation of feelings. Princess Mary, at the decisive moment of her relationship with Nikolai Rostov, forgets that she wanted to be aloof and polite. She sits, thinking bitterly, then cries, and Nikolai, sympathizing with her, goes beyond the scope of secular conversation. As always with Tolstoy, everything is finally decided by a look that expresses feelings more freely than words: “and the distant, the impossible suddenly became close, possible and inevitable.”
By creating a system of female images, the writer builds his ideal of a woman. In my opinion, this ideal can be reduced to the formula: naturalness, sensitivity, love.
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
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What should be the ideal woman? Research of female images of L.N. Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace"
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…What is beauty And why do people deify it? Is she a vessel in which there is emptiness, Or a fire flickering in a vessel? N. Zabolotsky
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Goals and objectives of the study: To analyze the female images of the novel "War and Peace"; 2. Find out which of the heroines of the epic novel can be called an ideal woman? 3. Find images of the ideal woman in Tuvan literature
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Research hypothesis: Natasha Rostova, the heroine of L.N. Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace", can be called an ideal woman, as she is beautiful internally ("black-haired with a big mouth, ugly, but lively girl"), or Helen Kuragina, who amazes everyone with her extraordinary beauty (“she was so good that not only was there no trace of coquetry in her, but, on the contrary, she seemed to be ashamed of her .. victoriously acting beauty”)
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Compile the characteristics of the heroines of the novel "War and Peace", compare your observations with the opinions of critics, literary critics; 2. Find out which of the heroines corresponds to the image of an ideal woman? Research progress:
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She does not at all lose her charm from the fact that her changeable, expressive face becomes ugly in moments of strong emotional excitement or grief. Upon learning that the wounded were being left in Moscow, she ran to her mother "with a face disfigured by anger." In the scene at the bedside of the wounded Andrei, "Natasha's thin and pale face with swollen lips was more than ugly, it was scary." But her eyes are invariably beautiful, full of living human feelings of suffering, joy, love, hope. Simplicity and spirituality make Natasha attractive. Natasha Rostova
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Natasha, having entered the life of Andrei Bolkonsky, spiritually resurrects him after difficult family trials (the death of his wife) and a difficult period of disappointment in ambitious hopes. Having accidentally overheard the night conversation of the girls at the window in Otradnoye, in which Natasha dreamed of flying like birds, Prince Andrei suddenly saw the beauty of the world around him and realized that life was worth living. The girl brings hope into his life. Natasha Rostova and Andrei Bolkonsky Natasha finds her happiness in a quiet happy family life
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Natasha Rostova - the ideal woman? Comparison of the obtained results with the hypothesis
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Results obtained in the course of the study: According to Tolstoy, the ideal woman is the Keeper of the hearth, the basis of the family; Kind, simple, sincere, disinterested; natural; Understanding the problems of society; It is characterized by the movement of the soul.
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“The essence of her life is love,” wrote Leo Tolstoy. It is she who brings Prince Andrei out of a difficult spiritual crisis and raises to life the heartbroken - after the death of Petya - mother, she is all filled with “a passionate desire to give herself all to help the dying Andrei and his sister, and after marriage with the same boundless passion dedicate yourself to the interests of the family.” The image of Natasha expresses the ideal of a woman that the great writer worshiped all his life. Love helps her find her place in life, her love resurrects the souls of other people, helps them to believe in their own strength, to find themselves.
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Princess Marya is the ideological heroine of Tolstoy. “Of all the faces ... the closest thing to the author’s soul is undoubtedly Princess Marya Bolkonskaya with her deep radiant eyes and the same soul,” Tolstoy’s personal secretary N. N. Gusev confirmed. “The eyes of the princess, large, deep and radiant (as if rays of warm light occasionally came out of them in sheaves), were so good that very often, despite the ugliness of the whole face, these eyes became more attractive than beauty.” Can Marya Bolkonskaya be called an ideal woman? In some ways, she is similar to Natasha, but in some ways she is opposed to her.
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Comparative characteristics of NATASHA MARIA BOLKONSKY Childishly direct, cheerful, easy to communicate, frivolous and amorous, Natasha from the first meeting wins over those around her. The always sad, quiet and thoughtful Princess Marya, on the contrary, does not know how to please at all. Natasha cannot be alone for a minute. She is used to being the center of attention, being everyone's favorite. Marya says about herself: “I ... have always been a savage ... I love to be alone ...” Natasha's amorousness knows no bounds. Boris Drubetskoy, teacher, brilliant Vasily Denisov, again Boris, but already a handsome adjutant, finally, Prince Andrei. Marya matures for her love gradually, for a long time, as if afraid of her and not believing in her possibility. Natasha goes to her true love through many hobbies Marya - in modest solitude
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Both of them are open to sympathy and ready to help. They also have some external resemblance: they are both not very beautiful. But in the moments when Natasha and Marya show the best qualities of their souls, they are transformed and become beautiful. When you first meet the heroines, you can see common features in them: love for people and sincerity. Tolstoy, emphasizing this circumstance, expresses his deep conviction that the true beauty of a person is not external, but internal. Natasha Marya Natasha can throw herself on the neck of a complete stranger to express her gratitude to him. Marya, on the other hand, expresses her love by patience in relations with her father and help to her "God's people."
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Natasha and Marya are at first very far from the goal to which the author leads them - from a quiet and happy family life, absorbing without a trace. Princess Mary does not consider it possible for herself to leave her father, from her sad seclusion. Marya wants nothing for herself personally and is ready to give her life as a sacrifice to other people. Frivolous Natasha for a long time cannot sacrifice her way of life, freedom for her loved one. Self-sacrifice is the motto of Mary's life. Natasha's motto is cheerfulness. Princess Marya Bolkonskaya wants to be obedient to God. Marya is driven by Duty and Faith Natasha Rostova strives to be happy Natasha is all vanity and sensuality
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Conclusions: According to L.N. Tolstoy, the appointment of a woman is a family, a moral influence on her husband and children, she is the owner of inner beauty, sincerity, kindness, she is a “living nature”, devoid of “spiritual meanness”. This is how we see the heroine of the novel, Natasha Rostova.
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Helen becomes for Pierre the cause of moral torment, shame, disappointment, through her fault he is forced to shoot himself in a duel with Dolokhov. The falsehood and unnaturalness of his relationship with Helen Pierre felt even before marriage with her. “But she is stupid, I myself said she was stupid,” he thought. - It's not love. On the contrary, there is something nasty in the feeling that she aroused in me, something forbidden. When Bezukhov, having married Helen, finds out about her connection with Dolokhov, he clearly recalls the rudeness of her thoughts, the vulgarity of expressions ("I'm not some kind of fool ... go try it yourself ..."). Helen only marries for her own enrichment. It is no coincidence that Tolstoy leaves her. “I am not such a fool as to have children,” she utters blasphemous words. Helen personifies immorality and depravity. The heroine influences people's lives in her own way and reveals herself in love and marriage in her own way. Helen Kuragina
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Here is what Tolstoy's contemporary D. I. Pisarev writes about Helen Kuragina: rank ... "" In fact, in the novel there is only one unconditional beauty - Helen Bezukhova, but she is also one of the most repulsive characters, the personification of debauchery and evil unconditionally condemned by the author. " A similar opinion in the article "Mosaic of the epic" is expressed by the Soviet critic P.L. Weil: Helen Kuragina The external and internal appearance of the "brilliant beauty" Helen the writer always shows us in a uniformly beautiful smile. We understand that this is a mask that hides the spiritual emptiness, stupidity and immorality of the "magnificent princess." Helen embodies the spirit of St. Petersburg salons, aristocratic living rooms. "Where you are - there is debauchery, evil," - in these words of Pierre, addressed to Helen, the essence of her and the society surrounding her is expressed.
Literature lesson in grade 10 on the topic “The ideal of a woman in Leo Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace”
Of what elusively subtle and varied
shades of spiritual and bodily life are woven
this "of the purest charm of the purest
sample". Like Pushkin's Tatyana
she embodies, as it were, the muse of the poet, reflects
his own face in the mirror "forever
feminine."
D. Merezhkovsky
Purpose: to introduce the female characters of Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace"; reveal the ideal of a woman in the works of I.S. Turgenev, A.S. Pushkin, I.A. Goncharov.
During the classes
1) L.N. Tolstoy argued: “A woman is all the better, the more she discards personal aspirations to position herself in a maternal vocation.” And the talented writer of the 60s of the 19th century, Tsebrikova, in the article "Our grandmothers" reproached Natasha Rostova for complete indifference to the problem of women's liberation, emancipation. Who is right: the author of the novel or the critic?
2) Conversation.
What female images did we meet when studying the literature of the 19th century?
(Tatyana Larina, Turgenev girls, Olga Ilyinskaya)
What is the ideal of a woman in Turgenev, Pushkin, Goncharov? How did these writers imagine her role in society?
There are a sufficient number of female characters in the novel, but which one is Tolstoy's favorite? Let's try to answer this question.
1. The first image is Sonya. What place does she occupy in the novel? How does the author feel about Sonya? Is the writer right when he calls Sonya “the poor, from whom everything is taken away” and “empty flower”? (she is not a daughter in the family, but she is very comfortable here, because she is just as reverently and tenderly loved as other children).
2. The next image is Vera. Her strange, cold behavior does not fit with the situation in the family. She is the exception, which, as always, only confirms the rule.
Berg and Vera Rostova. Does Berg love Vera? It is not a matter of material calculation (Berg could have found a richer bride) and not only in the desire to intermarry with the counts. Berg loves Vera in his own way, because he finds his own soul in her. The love of these heroes does not exalt them, it does not come from the heart, because Berg does not have a heart, or he has it as neat and dry as he does.
3. Julie Karagina. What guided Boris Drubetskoy's relationship with Julie? The author once again emphasizes falsehood and self-interest in the relations of people of light. Tolstoy shows how people of high society are guided when entering into marriages (Nizhny Novgorod forests, Penza estates, and not love).
4. Helen. A bright beauty, a symbol of brilliance, but also the emptiness of social life. A female predator, ready for any immorality and intrigue for the sake of money and position in society. The cold splendor, marble shoulders and unchanging smile make her look like a soulless statue.
Does Helen have a "heart" (in Tolstoy's sense)?
Helen has never loved anyone, her heart is dead. She does not just get carried away and make mistakes, moving from admirer to admirer, but this is her conscious line of behavior. That is why depravity and evil appear, that she has no heart, but only base instincts. In the novel, Napoleon says of her: "This is a beautiful animal." The baseness of her behavior with Pierre, her connection with Dolokhov and B. Drubetsky, her ugly role in the story with Natasha and Anatole, her attempt to marry two husbands at once while Pierre is alive - everything creates the appearance of a depraved and prudent secular beauty. “Where you are, there is debauchery, evil,” Pierre said about her, and this exhausts her characterization.
5. Princess Liza Bolkonskaya. What place does she occupy in the novel?
6. Princess Marya Bolkonskaya. She has an ugly face with beautiful radiant eyes, looking into which you forget about the ugliness of her face, heavy steps, awkward figure. She is the embodiment of a deep spirituality and amazing, selfless love. All her virtues stand out especially brightly in comparison with Julie. She is smart, romantic and religious. He humbly endures his father's mockery, without ceasing to love him. What is the most important thing for a princess? (to do good).
7. Natasha Rostova. “I definitely don’t know what kind of girl this is; I can't analyze it at all. She is charming. And why, I don’t know: that’s all that can be said about her. (L.N. Tolstoy) Natasha is ugly. Tolstoy emphasizes this many times. Her charm is in simplicity, naturalness. Natasha is filled with a thirst for life. She strives to do everything herself, to feel for everyone, to see everything, to participate in everything. Natasha's indestructible thirst for life somehow influenced the people who were next to her. The basis of its existence is love.
A) Natasha and Boris.
B) Natasha and Denisov.
C) Natasha and Andrey. The bright, happy, poetic world of Natasha helps Prince Andrei feel and feel life in a new way (a night in Otradnoye). The heroine's first ball was the beginning of her and Prince Andrei's love, the love of two very different people. Passion for Anatole Kuragin experienced very hard. Judges herself. Meeting with Prince Andrei after a serious wound, caring for the hero. It is hard to see her suffering after the death of Prince Andrei. She feels very lonely. The death of her brother, this "new wound" brought Natasha to life. Love for people wins, the desire to be with them.
D) Natasha and Anatole Kuragin.
Why did Natasha get carried away by Anatole? Having fallen in love, she wants happiness now, immediately. He should be with her always, everywhere. Loving every minute and being loved is her only need. There is no Prince Andrei nearby, which means time stops. The days are wasted. She does not know people, does not imagine how they can be insidious, low. So, having got into the environment of the socialite Helen, Natasha involuntarily succumbs to his influence, loving Bolkonsky, is fond of Kuragin, believing that he is a noble person and marries her.
How do you assess Natasha's act? Are we right to judge her? Passion for Anatole was due to the indestructible need of the heroine to live fully, to love, to be loved. And this is another proof that we are not looking at a scheme, but a living person. He tends to err, seek, make mistakes.
D) Natasha and Pierre. Natasha has experienced a lot; mental suffering, of course, changed her appearance, her feelings became deeper, her manifestation more restrained. The woman who appears before us at the end of the novel is indifferent to the problems of female emancipation. Tolstoy showed Natasha in a wonderful period of her life, when there is nothing more important for her than a child. What about her relationship with her husband? She did not understand everything in Pierre's activities, but for her he is the best, most honest and fair. Tolstoy sees the highest vocation and purpose of the heroine in motherhood, in the family, in raising children, since it is the woman who is that bright and kind beginning that leads the world to harmony and beauty. Love and family are the basis of life, the moral basis of everything that happens in life. The image of Natasha expresses the ideal of a woman, whom Tolstoy worshiped all his life. We can say with confidence: many generations will learn from Natasha her ability to do good, her ability to live, love, feel the beauty of the world around her, to be a faithful wife, a loving mother, to raise worthy sons and daughters of the Fatherland. One of the main ideas of the novel is embodied in the image of Natasha: there is no beauty and happiness where there is no goodness, simplicity and truth.
8. Summing up the lesson. Students draw conclusions about the ideal woman of L.N. Tolstoy.
