Roy Fox Lichtenstein (Eng. Roy Fox Lichtenstein [ˈlɪktənˌstaɪn]; October 27, 1923, Manhattan, New York - September 29, 1997, ibid.) - American artist, representative of pop art.
Roy Lichtenstein was born in New York to a middle-class Jewish family. Until the age of 12, he studied at a comprehensive school, and then entered the Franklin School for Boys in Manhattan, where he completed his secondary education. Art was not included in the school's curriculum; Liechtenstein first became interested in art and design as a hobby.
After graduating from high school, Liechtenstein left New York for Ohio to study at a local university that offered art courses and a degree in fine arts. His studies were interrupted for three years while he served in the army during the Second World War and thereafter from 1943-1946. Lichtenstein graduated from Ohio University and remained there in a teaching position for the next ten years. In 1949, Lichtenstein received a Master of Fine Arts degree from the faculty of Ohio State University, and in the same year he married Isabelle Wilson, whom he subsequently divorced in 1965. In 1951, Lichtenstein had his first solo exhibition at the Carlebach Gallery in New York.
That same year he moved to Cleveland, where he lived for the next six years, occasionally returning to New York. He changed jobs until he painted pictures - for example, in some periods he was an assistant to a decorator. The style of his work during this time varied from Cubism to Expressionism.
In 1954 his first son, David, was born. Then, in 1956, a second son appeared - Mitchell. In 1957 he moved back to New York and began teaching again.
In 1960 he began teaching at Rutgers University, where he came under the considerable influence of Allan Kaprow. This helped increase his interest in proto-pop art imagery. In 1961, Lichtenstein created his first pop art works, using pictures from comics or cartoons and technology that came from industrial printing.
Lichtenstein's first success came with his work on comics and magazine graphics. The artist chose the picture he liked, manually enlarged it by redrawing the raster, and executed it in a large format using screen printing and silkscreen printing. Most of the artist's works are made in the fixed drawing technique, which consists in the fact that the image is scaled, the raster is modified, and the resulting version is converted into the original format using screen printing. At the same time, the features of irony and sarcasm intensified in the image itself. Was friends with Andy Warhol.
The painting "Electric Cord" was painted in 1961 in the style of pop art. The painting was purchased by Leo Castelli for $750. In 1970, the painting was given to the restorer Daniel Goldreyer. After Goldreyer's death, the painting disappeared. The FBI conducted an investigation for a long time, but did not find any crime in what happened. Goldreyer died a natural death, and all the canvases that were in his workshop were in place, except for the "Electric Cord".
In 2009, the restorer's widow, while sorting through one of the lockers, discovered the missing painting and reported it to the police. The canvas was handed over to Barbara Castelli, the heiress of the owner of the art gallery. The painting is currently valued at $4 million.
In 1989, the painting "Torpedo ... Fire!" was sold at Christie's for $5.5 million, which was a record and allowed Lichtenstein to enter the top three living artists with the highest value of works.
In 2005, In the Car was sold for a record £10 million ($16.2 million).
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Roy Lichtenstein (Roy Fox Lichtenstein; October 27, 1923, Manhattan - September 29, 1997, Manhattan) - American artist, representative of pop art.
Roy Lichtenstein was born in New York to a middle-class family. Until the age of 12, he studied at a comprehensive school, and then entered the Manhattan Franklin School for Boys, where he completed his secondary education. Art was not included in the school's curriculum; Liechtenstein was the first to become interested in art and design as a hobby.
After graduating from high school, Liechtenstein left New York for Ohio to study at a local university that offered art courses and a degree in fine arts. His studies were interrupted for three years while he served in the army during the Second World War and thereafter from 1943-1946. Lichtenstein graduated from Ohio University and remained there in a teaching position for the next ten years. In 1949, Lichtenstein received a Master of Fine Arts degree from the faculty of Ohio State University, and in the same year he married Isabelle Wilson, whom he subsequently divorced in 1965. In 1951, Lichtenstein had his first solo exhibition at the Carlebach Gallery in New York.
The hero's return 1950
That same year he moved to Cleveland, where he lived for the next six years, occasionally returning to New York. He changed jobs until he painted, for example, in some periods he was an assistant to a decorator. The style of his work at this time changed from cubism to expressionism.
In 1954 his first son, David, was born. Then, in 1956, a second son, Mitchell, appeared. In 1957 he moved back to New York and began teaching again.
In 1960 he began teaching at Rutgers University, where he came under the considerable influence of Allan Kaprov. This contributed to an increase in his interest in the images of proto-pop art. In 1961, Lichtenstein made his first pop art works, using pictures from comics or cartoons and technology that came from industrial printing.
Lichtenstein's first success came with his work on comics and magazine graphics. The artist chose the picture he liked, manually enlarged it by redrawing the raster, and made it in a large format using screen printing and silkscreen printing. At the same time, the features of irony and sarcasm intensified in the image itself.
Cowboy On Horseback 1951
Indians Pursued by American Dragoons After Wimar 1952
The Cattle Rustler 1953
girl with ball 1961
The kiss 1962
Girl in Mirror 1964
New Seascape 1966
Modern Sculpture with Apertures 1967
Still Life with Goldfish (and Painting of Golf Ball) 1972
The Red Horseman 1974
Forest scene 1980
Landscape with Figures and Sun 1980
Landscape with Figures and Sun 2 1980
Mountain Village 1985
woman with hat 1986
Coast Village 1987
Reflections Handshake 1988
Reflections II 1988
Interior with Yellow Chair 1993
Knapp Brushstroke Sculpture 1994
Nude with Yellow Pillow 1994
Collage for Brushstroke Still Life with Coffee Pot 1996
Coup de Chapeau I 1996
Brushstroke Still Life with Lamp 1997
Collage for Nude 1997
Collage for Interior with Ajax 1997
Collage for Interior with Nude Leaving 1997
Fully
Roy Lichtenstein is an American artist, graphic artist and sculptor, one of the main representatives of pop art, creators of pop culture...Roy Lichtenstein is a great master of pop art, whose work, in the style of comics, symbolized the vulgarization of culture in modern American life. Using bright, "acid" colors and industrial typographic methods, he ironically combined the objects and stereotypes of "mass culture" and examples of the "high" art of painting close to him.
Born in New York in 1923, Lichtenstein studied briefly at the Art Students League and then at Ohio State University. After serving in the army from 1943 to 1946, he returned to Ohio to earn a master's degree and teach art.
In 1951, Lichtenstein returned to New York, where he had his first solo exhibition. He also continued to teach, first at New York State College and later at Douglass College, a branch of Rutgers University in New Jersey.
In the 1950s, Lichtenstein used the basic techniques of Abstract Expressionism, but also began to introduce themes such as cowboys and Indians or paper money into his paintings.
In 1961, while still teaching at Douglass College, inspired by the work of his colleague Allan Kaprow, he turned to the use of comics and cartoon characters in his paintings, through which he developed his easily recognizable style and gained worldwide fame. The Last Oink... (1962, Museum of Modern Art) was the first impressive example of his new painting.
Roy Lichtenstein, "Hopelessness"
Primary spectral colors - red, yellow and blue, sharply limited to black - became his favorites. Sometimes, however, he used green. Instead of color tones, he used half dot, a method by which image and tone density are modulated in typographic printing.
American blondes and courageous fighter pilots, private detectives and supermen, thanks to Liechtenstein, have become on a par with the Mona Lisa
Sometimes he would just pick a picture from a comic book, reconstruct it a bit, transfer the canvas, and apply the dot pattern. "I want my painting to look like it was made by a computer," Lichtenstein explained.
Roy Lichtenstein, "Grrrrrrrrrr!!"
Despite the fact that many of his paintings are relatively small, Liechtenstein's methods of processing the object give a sense of monumentality to the images seem massive and grandiose in size!.
Roy Lichtenstein, "Scream Criticism"
Starting in 1962, he turned to the works of such artists as Picasso, Mondrian, and even Monet, whose work he refracted in his own style. With the help of this technique, the paintings of his predecessors, turned into comics, seemed to be deprived of a certain “sacred” aura.
It was the sixties and art had already tasted Warhol's canned Campbell's soup.
Roy Lichtenstein, "M-Maybe"
Roy Lichtenstein, "The Drowning Woman"
Thanks to Liechtenstein, after simple objects, such examples of mass culture as magazine advertising, comics and chewing gum inserts proved their creative value.
Roy Lichtenstein, whose work is evaluated in the context of creating a new modern style of world art, is famous for changing his style of writing and aesthetic orientation several times. The artist was constantly looking for his path, which would distinguish him from the entire cohort of artists. Now the paintings of this master are sold at auctions at a price of several tens of millions of dollars.
Childhood and the first steps in vocation
Roy Lichtenstein, the future maestro of one of the most popular arts of the twentieth century, was born in the industrial part of the suburbs of New York (October 27, 1923). The artist was educated in an ordinary school institution. Soon, the boy's parents decided that he had a natural inclination for painting and sent him to a course at a prestigious school, the profile direction of which was the historical development of art in the world.
The new item really fascinated the guy. Even after graduating from the elementary school, he does not stop developing in this direction, attending courses at the student branch of the arts. The limited family budget made it impossible for Roy to organize further worthy education in New York. His parents send him to the province, where the aspiring artist is studying at the Department of Fine Arts at the University of Ohio.
Formation
Roy Lichtenstein became fascinated with the study of the basics of design and fine art. He is trying to develop his own style and style of creation. The first works of the master resemble the works of Picasso and Braque. While the artist is looking for his individuality, the war begins (1943), and he is drafted into the army.
At the end of hostilities, Roy is demobilized and manages to graduate from a higher educational institution, receiving a master's degree in art. He remains at the university as a lecturer. The world saw the first works of the master in 1948. It happened at an exhibition in Cleveland. However, the initial pancake became "lump". The artist's works were not distinguished by originality and novelty, which did not impress critics and connoisseurs of the genre.
Development and recognition
Soon Roy Lichtenstein, whose style was transformed into a combination of cubism and expressionism, organizes a solo exhibition in Manhattan. Theorists notice the master's work, focusing on unique tones and non-standard plots.
Roy soon got fed up with teaching. He moves to Cleveland, is constantly in search of a new direction, changes several jobs. As a result, the artist becomes more and more disappointed, he lacks originality and peculiarity.
The fifties of the twentieth century for the master become a turning point in his career. He drastically changes his style, becoming more interested in advertising posters, comics, images associated with popular culture. Roy Lichtenstein combines advertising posters, cartoon characters and parts of comics in his work, creating a special focus in the visual arts.
glory peak
Roy Lichtenstein, whose works initially cause disappointment and discontent among critics, does not despair. He soon gets a lot of fans, and some experts position his work as the creation of a new style.
In the sixties, the artist is at the pinnacle of success. His paintings are acquired by the most famous and prestigious galleries. There are many successors who write works in a similar direction. The next two decades became a period of establishment of a new style, called pop art. Roy Lichtenstein is rightfully considered the founder of this idea and never stops experimenting with different combinations. His latest works combine the trend of abstractionism and neo-expressionism.
In 1949, Roy received a master's degree and married Isabella Wilson. The couple had two sons: David (1954) and Mitchell (1956). The couple divorced in 1965.
One of the reasons why the artist chose the direction of pop art was a dispute between his sons that his father could not draw more beautifully than was done in the design of standard comics at that time.
The most famous paintings that Roy Lichtenstein wrote:
- Ohhhh…;
- "Electric cord";
- Torpedo Los;
- in the car;
- I can see the whole room.
In 1962-63, the artist made interpretations of Picasso's paintings of weeping girls. Women are depicted as helpless victims, as well as as sufferers from their own defiance. They prefer to die, but do not turn to the help of a loved one.
Lichtenstein said that he takes a small frame from a comic book or cartoon film that fits into an opaque projector. Then he transfers the picture to the canvas and processes it with a pencil until he achieves the desired results.
History of one painting
The work of the master called “Drowning Girl” was written in 1963 using oil and synthetic paints on canvas. When it was created, the tendencies of comic drawings were used. The bubbles convey thoughts, and the dots convey the effect of mechanized printing. These two factors became fundamental in the pop art movement.
The picture itself is a masterpiece of melodrama, depicting a woman in a tragic situation. The canvas depicts a crying girl against the backdrop of a raging ocean. She is unwilling to call for help, preferring death by drowning. The woman's head lies on the water, as if on a pillow, thus implying that this is the final resting place of the heroine. Most critics rated the picture as suspended in time and space.
Conclusion
An outstanding artist of his era, Roy Lichtenstein, who created a new trend in the visual arts, died on September 29, 1997 in Manhattan. He became not only the progenitor of the new style, but also the idol of many connoisseurs. His paintings are sold for several million dollars, which speaks of the extraordinary talent and thinking of the master. Roy's works take pride of place not only in private collections, but also in the most prestigious galleries and museums in the world. Few people have been able to achieve such results thanks to multiple attempts at mixing styles and natural perseverance.
Via Moon Cat
How interesting these tests sometimes coincide - perhaps the last thing I expected was that the description of me would be in the style of pop art! However, what is most striking is that it is in this style that I myself have been little lately ... So what if a copy is a finished work in the end ... And I like this style with its plasticity, completely typographic method of applying contours, irony, "anti-sensitivity" and wonderful touching at the same time... Photos of my art in this style (may be...) and my copy of this girl with a ribbon (the quality, alas, is so-so - "mobile") are attached. My girl turned out to be angry and harmful ... But Roy's is unhappy and insecure ... I don’t even know what is best for the female lot! Voila!
And you can read about the founder of the style
Roy Lichtenstein (1923 - 1997)
Roy Lichtenstein is an American artist, graphic artist and sculptor, one of the main representatives of pop art, creators of pop culture...Roy Lichtenstein is a great master of pop art, whose work, in the style of comics, symbolized the vulgarization of culture in modern American life. Using bright, "acid" colors and industrial typographic methods, he ironically combined the objects and stereotypes of "mass culture" and examples of the "high" art of painting close to him.
Born in New York in 1923, Lichtenstein studied briefly at the Art Students League and then at Ohio State University. After serving in the army from 1943 to 1946, he returned to Ohio to earn a master's degree and teach art.
In 1951, Lichtenstein returned to New York, where he had his first solo exhibition. He also continued to teach, first at New York State College and later at Douglass College, a branch of Rutgers University in New Jersey.
In the 1950s, Lichtenstein used the basic techniques of Abstract Expressionism, but also began to introduce themes such as cowboys and Indians or paper money into his paintings.
In 1961, while still teaching at Douglass College, inspired by the work of his colleague Allan Kaprow, he turned to the use of comics and cartoon characters in his paintings, through which he developed his easily recognizable style and gained worldwide fame. The Last Oink... (1962, Museum of Modern Art) was the first impressive example of his new painting.
Roy Lichtenstein, "Hopelessness"
Primary spectral colors - red, yellow and blue, sharply limited to black - became his favorites. Sometimes, however, he used green. Instead of color tones, he used half dot, a method by which image and tone density are modulated in typographic printing.
American blondes and courageous fighter pilots, private detectives and supermen, thanks to Liechtenstein, have become on a par with the Mona Lisa
Sometimes he would just pick a picture from a comic book, reconstruct it a bit, transfer the canvas, and apply the dot pattern. "I want my painting to look like it was made by a computer," Lichtenstein explained.
Roy Lichtenstein, "Grrrrrrrrrr!!"
Despite the fact that many of his paintings are relatively small, Liechtenstein's methods of processing the object give a sense of monumentality to the images seem massive and grandiose in size!.
Roy Lichtenstein, "Scream Criticism"
Starting in 1962, he turned to the works of such artists as Picasso, Mondrian, and even Monet, whose work he refracted in his own style. With the help of this technique, the paintings of his predecessors, turned into comics, seemed to be deprived of a certain “sacred” aura.
It was the sixties and art had already tasted Warhol's canned Campbell's soup.
Roy Lichtenstein, "M-Maybe"
