The modern Romanian anthroponymic model is binomial: it consists of a given name (Romanian rpite) and a surname (Romanian pite de famille or simply pite), for example: Ion Petrescu, Maria Petrescu. This word order, characteristic of the anthroponymy of most European languages, is found either in common speech or in the intelligentsia environment, that is. in the speech of writers, scientists, artists. The indicated arrangement of words is also accepted in the language of newspapers, magazines, on book covers (for example, Eugen Barbu, Maria Popescu). But in mass urban spoken and written speech, however, the reverse order prevails (Petrescu Ion, Petrescu Maria), spreading under the influence of alphabetical lists (payrolls, class journals, various kinds of registers) and official documents, where the surname precedes the given name.
Since in Romanian anthroponymy the surname often structurally coincides with the male name, morphologically not differing from the latter, and both word orders are widespread, it is sometimes difficult to determine which anthroponym is a surname and which name: for example, Ignat Andrei, Isac Vasile. In such cases, initials (if they appear with surnames) serve as the only way to recognize names (since in official speech only names are indicated by initials), for example: L. Andrei or A. Ignat. The initials sometimes also convey the name of the father, which, however, is not an element of the names of persons, for example: Nicolae A. Constantinescu - N. A. Constaniinescu.
From the Latin language in modern Romanian anthroponymy, not a single undoubtedly inherited name remains. Most of the current Romanian names are Greek, Latin and Hebrew in origin, penetrated mainly through the medium of Church Slavonic, which for a long time was the language of the Romanian Orthodox Church and official business and legal proceedings. All such names, of course, are calendar (hagiographic) and are characterized by the highest frequency. Typical in this regard are, for example, Ion with the book version of loan (like the Russian Ivan, this is the most common male name), Nicolae, Vasile, Georghe, Hie, Petru (Petre), Grigore, Constantin, Pavel (and the neologism Paul), Alexandru , Simion, Toma, Andrei, Michai (with the book version of Michait), Stefan, Lica, Maria (the most common female name), Ana, Elisaveta (Elisabeta), Ioana, Elena, Paraschiva, Vasilica, Ecaterina.
In the Middle Ages, names of South Slavic origin penetrated, which, in turn, occupied a strong place in Romanian anthroponymy: Bogdan, Dobre, Dragu, Dragomir, Nea-goe, Pirvu, Radu, Stan, Vlad, etc. Names of a different origin: Turkic (like Asian ), Hungarian (like Mogos), Modern Greek (Epe), make up a small proportion of all names, and from the point of view of frequency, they can be neglected. Passion for ancient history, literature and mythology in the 19th-20th centuries left, especially in the Transylvanian part of the Romanian area, such "traces" in the anthroponymy of Romanians as Cicerone, Liviu, Marias, Traian, Virgil (male names); Aurora, Cornelia, Flora, Laura, Livia, Silvia, Stela, Victoria (female names), and such anthroponyms are already common even among the rural population. In the last two centuries, some Western European names like Ernest, Jean, Richard, Robert have gained some distribution.
All the above borrowed names are opposed by a relatively large group of proper Romanian names of appellative origin, formed from the names of plants (Bujor, Busuioc, Rodica), animals (Lupu, Ursu.Mioara, Pucia), holidays (Craciun, Pascu, Florea, Eloarea) or from various other common names (Norocel, Soare, Doina, Luminita).
In recent decades, double female names began to spread, especially in cities: Ana-Maria, Mariana-Rodica, Maria-Paula. A word-forming feature of a number of female forms is their occurrence in a suffixal way on the basis of the corresponding male forms: Adrian(a), Florin(a), Ceza-rin(a), Severin(a).
Both from men and from. female names, subjectively evaluative forms are formed: hypocoristics (by reduction) such as Lache (Michalache), Veta (Elisaveta) and especially diminutives (by suffixation), that is, Jonel (Jon), Petrica (Petre), Victoras (Victor), Marioara (Maria) , Irinuca (Irina), and sometimes such forms act as official (passport) names, for example: Ionel Teodorescu.
Like other peoples, the formulas of address among Romanians depend directly on the nature of the speech situation. In family and everyday communication, they most often use when addressing names in the vocative form (Ioane, Petre, Apo, Mario) or subjective-evaluative forms in the same form (Ionica, Retrica, Anisoaro, Maricaro). In a familiar-friendly environment, they sometimes resort to the vocative form of surnames (Ionescule, Ropescule), which, as a rule, has a colloquially rude connotation. In official speech, the interlocutor is addressed by the surname, to which the positive vocative form domnule “master”, doamna “mistress”, domnisoara (duduie) “girl” is added, for example, domnule Ignat, doamna Ignat, domnisoara Ignat (with meeting on the street, in institutions). While maintaining the specified structure, the surname can be replaced by the name of the corresponding profession: tovarase director, tovarasa director; domnule doctor, doamna doctor.
The surname or title of the position is sometimes omitted (if they are unknown to the interlocutor, and also for the sake of brevity), as a result of which the appeal is expressed with only one common word: tovarase - tovarasi, domnule - do mni lor, doamna - doamnelor (meaning "girl", "girls "Respectively" young lady "," young ladies ").
The surname, as part of the full name, has a recent history in the world. Its consolidation in the documents of most countries began rather late, and its need, as personal identifier, gradually intensified due to internal migrations, the expansion of economic ties and the establishment of order in the institution of inheritance.
First surname as mandatory identifier , appears in Italy after the corresponding decree of the Pope. This was due precisely to the growth of cities and the need to distinguish people with the same names. Later in France, they took a similar step at the suggestion of Catherine de Medici, and then the trend began to spread to other countries.
Despite the fact that this part of the full name in different countries has different roots and endings (after all, the languages are different), the same factors take part in their formation, the only question is the percentage of family names of different categories . Where does the surname come from?
- From a family name. These were usually worn by the elite;
- on behalf of an ancestor. The patronymic turned into a surname;
- From the profession of an ancestor;
- From a toponym that indicates where the person's ancestor came from;
- From nickname;
- By converting a foreign language for various reasons (often political) into the language of the country of residence.
Moldovan and Romanian surnames are no exception here, and we will talk about them today.
Types of Romanian given names and surnames
We will use the word "Romanian" in relation to the entire group, since the national language of both Moldovans and Romanians is the same. I would like to immediately warn you: the article has no political connotation.
Eastern Romance ethnic groups- Moldavians and Romanians - are interesting because they are at the junction of Western European and Byzantine traditions. Their ancestors, who belonged to the Thracian tribes of the Dacians and Getae, were conquered by the Roman emperor Trajan and romanized, that is, they switched to colloquial Latin. On this basis, the Wallachian ethnic groups began to form.
The exoethnonym "Vlach" was once used in the meaning of "Roman" (speaking one of the Romance languages) in Russian chronicles. During the Great Migration of Nations, they experienced a strong Slavic influence, and later entered the sphere of influence of the Byzantine Empire and adopted Christianity of the Eastern (Orthodox) rite.
In this regard, the names of the current Moldovans and Romanians are mostly Christian, adapted to the peculiarities of the language.
The most common names among Romanians
Male names
Recently, the names Andrey, Stefan, David, Mihai, Ionuts, Daniel and a number of others have become popular.
Women's names
Andrea, Alexandra, Denise, Bianca and double names are also gaining popularity. In Moldova, a characteristic feature of female names is the existence of both Slavic and Romance names with the same meaning, for example:
Svetlana - Luminitsa
Hope - Speranza
Classification of Romanian surnames by origin
The representatives of the elite acquired the first similarity of surnames in the Wallachian and Moldavian principalities. The Wallachian principality was ruled by representatives of the Basarab family, and the Moldavian principality by Musatov.
Boyar aristocracy, representing the top of the principalities, had a heterogeneous origin, both local and foreign - Greek, Russian (however, it was not completely foreign), Kypchak, Albanian. From here come the genera Gika, Duka, Sturdza and others.
It is a stretch to call them full-fledged surnames - their representatives in different circumstances could change them. So, during the reign of the Turks, the aristocracy often “turkified” their family name with the help of the prefixes kara- and the suffix -oglo (I recall the hero of the second part of Dead Souls Constantjoglo), and after the liberation from the Ottoman Empire, the surname acquired the patronymic suffix -esku or when acquiring citizenship of the Russian Empire -ov (Kheraskov, for example).
Also, the descendants of the Phanariots, the Greeks of Constantinople, who accepted Ottoman citizenship and were used by the authorities of the empire in various local and clerical positions, joined the aristocracy. They got their name from the Greek district of Istanbul - Phanar. Among the Phanariotes are the Mavrocordato, Muruzi, Katakazi, Ypsilanti clans.
The majority of the population of pre-industrial states were peasants, and surnames of peasant origin rarely have any suffixes. Most often they come from the name or nickname of the ancestor, as well as from the area from which the ancestor came. City professions were displayed on the names of city dwellers.
Often Romanian and Moldovan surname indistinguishable from the name, especially in the villages. Sometimes it came from a name in a diminutive or some other evaluative form.
Romanian family suffixes
Non-suffix surnames
Distributed in rural areas and among people from it. Occur most often from a name or nickname. Examples:
- Iancu, Dimitru, Ion, Ilie (from names)
- Ilinca, Ionel, Nitu (from modified names)
- Rusă, Turcu, Tătaru, Sîrbu (the ancestor was a foreigner)
- Lupu, Neagu, Dabija (from nicknames)
-eanu
To some extent this suffix similar to Russian -yanin. Examples:
- Munteanu (either a person from the mountains, or - for Moldovans - a person from Wallachia)
- Braileanu (from Braila)
- Ungareanu (an ancestor from Hungary came out)
- Brașoveanu (from Brasov)
Sometimes a similar suffix was put to initially foreign names in order to adapt in a foreign language environment. So, the name of the director Emil Loteanu is one of those. His ancestors from the Chernivtsi region were Lototsky, and when Bukovina was part of Romania, they became Loteanu. Sometimes this suffix occurs in surnames of Armenian origin (due to phonetic similarities).
-ea and -oiu
This group originated from one of the forms of the noun (verbal, possessive), there are many of them in Moldova and in Romanian villages.
Oprea, Ciurea, Vladoui, Lupea, Miroiu, Filipoiu
-aru
Most often it is "professionalism".
Spataru, Rotaru, Fieraru, Pantofaru, Olaru.
-escu
This suffix is found in all Romance languages and originates from Latin. As for its origin, there is more than one version (Greek, Ligurian, mixed), but the fact remains: this suffix formed adjectives, and in the Romanian language it became patronymic. He became popular with the elite and initially met only among her, later urban residents began to acquire surnames from this group. It is less common in rural areas.
It was also joined by people of non-Romanian origin in the 19th - early 20th centuries, who lived on the national outskirts, for example, residents of the north of Bukovina and Bulgarians in the south. Hearing examples:
Petrescu, Vasilescu, Ionescu, Ceaușescu, Popescu, Pârvulescu, Cristescu
Surname distribution
Below we provide two lists of the most popular Romanian and Moldovan surnames.
Romanian
Moldovan
As can be seen from the list, in Romania most common surnames- Popescu and Popa (in Russian it is something like "popovich" and "pop"), and in Moldova - Rusu (apparently, a native of Russia). You can also notice that the Moldavian ones often acquired the Russian ending -р instead of the traditional -ру.
Romanian surnames, male and female, have the property of immutability. Therefore, if you see a man with a female name, most likely this is a surname. This can be confusing if you are used to putting it after the name - Romanians do it. Sometimes initialization can help, because usually initials are used instead of a name.
have experienced a strong influence of the Russian language and culture, and therefore they can be distinguished from the Romanian ones, although under the influence of unionism the situation may change.
On the net you can find more than forty thousand Romanian surnames, an alphabetical list, as well as the features of their transliteration from Cyrillic to Latin.
Attention, only TODAY!
A correctly chosen name has a strong positive influence on the character, aura and fate of a person. It actively helps to develop, forms positive qualities of character and state, improves health, removes various negative programs of the unconscious. But how do you pick the perfect name?
Despite the fact that there are poetic interpretations in culture of what female names mean, in reality, the influence of the name on each girl is individual.
Sometimes parents try to choose a name before birth, making it difficult for the baby to form. Attempts to use astrology are no longer applicable, astrology and numerology of choosing a name have squandered all serious knowledge about the influence of a name on fate through the ages.
Christmas calendars, holy people, without consulting a seeing, perspicacious specialist, do not provide any real help in assessing the influence of names on the fate of a child.
Lists of popular, happy, beautiful, melodic female names - in fact, generalizations, and completely turn a blind eye to the individuality, energy, soul of the child.
Beautiful and modern Romanian names should first of all suit the child, and not the relative external criteria of beauty and fashion. Who don't care about your child's life.
A variety of statistical characteristics - positive traits of a name, negative traits of a name, choosing a profession by name, the impact of a name on business, the impact of a name on health, the psychology of a name can only be considered in the context of a deep analysis of the character, energy structure, tasks for life and kind of a particular child.
Name compatibility topic(and not the characters of people) is an absurdity that turns inside out on the interactions of different people the internal mechanisms of the influence of a name on the state of its carrier. And it cancels the entire psyche, the unconscious, energy and behavior of people. It reduces the entire multidimensionality of human interaction to one false characteristic.
Meaning of the name does not give a full impact, this is only a small part of the impact. For example, Lyuba (love), this does not mean that the girl will be happy in family life, and carriers of other names are unhappy. The name can weaken her health, block her heart center and she will not be able to give and receive love. On the contrary, it will help another girl to solve problems for love or family, it will greatly facilitate life and achieve goals. The third girl may not bring any effect at all, whether there is a name or not. Etc. Moreover, all these children can be born on the same day. And have the same astrological, numerological and other characteristics. And the same name. But fates are different.
The most popular Romanian names for girls are also misleading. 95% of girls are called names that do not make life easier. You can only focus on the innate character of the child, spiritual vision and the wisdom of a specialist. And experience, experience and once again the experience of understanding what is happening.
The secret of the female name, as a program of the unconscious, a sound wave, vibration is revealed by a special bouquet primarily in a person, and not in the semantic meaning and characteristics of a name. And if this name destroys the child, then there would be no beautiful, melodious with a patronymic, astrological, blissful, it would still be harm, destruction of character, complication of life and aggravation of fate.
Below is a list of Romanian names. Try to choose a few, the most suitable in your opinion for the child. Then, if you are interested in the effectiveness of the impact of the name on fate, .
List of female Romanian given names alphabetically:
Aionela - good god
Alexandreina - protector of mankind
Alina - soothing
Andria - man, warrior
Anka - benefit, grace
Bogdana - a gift from God
Bogna - a gift from God
Viorica - bell
Violeta - purple or violet flower
Vadoma - knowledge
Violet - purple or purple flower
Violla - purple or purple flower
Dana is a gift from God
Jaell - wild goat
Georgeta - peasant woman
Jofranca - free
Dika - from Magdala
Doina - folk song
Donka is invaluable
Dorina - from the Doric tribe
Drina - their Hadria
Dakiena - she-wolf
Ilina - torch, moon or secret escape
Ilinka - god - my god
Joan - good god
Juliana - Youth
Julia - youth
Kizzy - cinnamon tree
Constanta - sustainable
Cosmina - order, beauty
Krina - lily
Camellia - guardian
Lala - tulip
Lenuta - torch, moon or secret escape
Luminita - small, light
Lulaja - the flower of life
Luminitsa - small, light
Love is love
Lover - love
Mala - necklace
Mirela - amazing
Miruna - peace
Michaela - who is like a god?
Madeline - from Magdala
Nadia - hope
Narkisa - insensitivity, sleep
Nicoleta - the victory of the people
Ohana - good god
Rodica - fertile
Ruxendra - dawn
Simza - joy
Stanka - great government
Sorina - the sun
Stela - star
Stephanie - crown
Senda - protector of mankind
Taleita - little girl
Tsera - the light of dawn
Tseritsa - light of dawn
Tshilaba - seeker of knowledge
Fifika - it will multiply
Florica - flower
Shofranca - free
Ash is alive
Ekaterina - pure
Elizabeth - God is my oath
Esmeralda - emerald
Fate is character. Character is corrected, including through thoughts. The main idea is the name. The name lays changes in the character. Then character changes fate and future. Since all people are different, any generalizations that ignore the individuality of a person are incorrect.
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Switch to the value of life
In this case, there are several types of name borrowing:
- from Slavic languages;
- from antiquity (Roman);
- from Christianity (we are talking about church calendars, all names are mainly Greek, Latin, Hebrew).
The most extensive group in the list of male Romanian names are borrowings from the Bible and from church books. The Romanians "mastered" religion gradually. Unlike other Slavic peoples, Christianization took place in the area of their residence during the 3rd - 4th centuries (in the period from the 9th to the 12th centuries). As a result of this, the Hebrew Ion ("Yahweh is merciful"), the ancient Greek Gheorghe ("farmer") and Vasile ("royal, regal") can be observed in the language.
Also, Romanian adopted some of the South Slavic names during cohabitation with other peoples until the 14th century, for example, Drag (translated as “dear”). Common Slavic roots are typical for words of this origin.
Another item on the list of borrowings is the arrangement of the names of the Roman gods and heroes of the epic. Similar names appeared in Romanian thanks to the passion of Europeans for ancient literature, theater and architecture. Examples: Ovidiu (from the Roman genus name Ovidius, probably translated as "sheep"), Liviu (from "Livius", probably meaning "shine blue" or "envy").
There is also a group of ancient Romanian male names that originated from the names of plants, animals, holidays and other phenomena. Take a look: Bujor - translated from Romanians. means "peony", Ursu - translates as "bear".
Features of Romanian male names and surnames
There are several anthroponymic factors that distinguish Romanians from other European nations.
Firstly, this is the absence of special signs of difference between the surname and the first name (for example, Ion Petrescu - both names look like a given name). Structurally and morphologically, the first often coincides with the male name. For a person who is unfamiliar with the word order in a full name in various speech situations, it will be an impossible task to determine the name and surname.
The law is:
If the situation involves officialdom (documents) or it is ordinary colloquial / written speech, then the surname is put first and then the given name.
In common parlance or in books/magazines, the word order is reversed.
Another way to recognize is to identify abbreviations in the text. It is the first letter with a dot at the end that means that this refers to the boy's name.
The second feature is the abundance of diminutive names, often shortened names, which are used both in official and informal settings. For example, there is the name Paraschiv, the short form of which is Chivu. However, both forms are used in newspapers and on TV - Chivu Stoica (this is the name of the Romanian politician) and Paraschiv Vasilescu (this is the name of the general).
Conclusion
So, we have considered the main channels of borrowing and origin of Romanian names for men. Now we can say with confidence that the anthroponymy of this language was influenced by relations with neighboring peoples living in adjacent areas, the adoption of Christianity and the medieval fascination with ancient culture. Still in Romanian at the peak of popularity are names from church calendars, they are simple and understandable to any Slav.
If you have not yet decided which name to choose for your baby, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the list of names below.
It is no secret that Moldovan and Romanian names are quite beautiful and harmonious in sound, which is why they have gained their popularity far beyond the borders of these countries. Moldavian and Romanian surnames are worth a special mention. Their translation can often denote some kind of profession, a characteristic feature of a person, his successes. And in combination with the name, play a decisive role in determining the fate of a person and his character.
Origin Classification
Romanian and Moldovan names are indigenous to the inhabitants of these countries. Many of them are quite often used in Russia. Conventionally, the following classes of names can be distinguished:
- borrowed from Slavic languages;
- originated in the territories of Italy and Spain;
- taken from the Catholic and Orthodox calendars;
- appeared in ancient Rome.
Moldovan names
The following Moldovan female names are in the top three most popular: Angela, Tatiana and Elena. Top 3 among men: David, Maxim, Alexandru.
List of the most on the territory of Moldova and their etymological meaning:
Even rare Moldovan names are often found in Russia, as well as in other countries.
What are children called in Moldova
List of popular Moldovan names for boys and girls:
Choosing a name for a child is a very responsible matter. It must be selected with love and attention, taking into account the prevalence, euphony, as well as compatibility with the surname and patronymic.
Romanian variants
Top 3 Romanian female names: Maria, Elena, Anna. Three Romanian male names: Gheorghe, John, Vasile.
The following male and female names are also common in Romania:
Since ancient times, it was believed that the name affects the future fate and the formation of a person's character. If, when meeting, pay special attention to the meaning of a person’s name, then thanks to this you can get to know him better.
