Russian battleships of the XX century. Fleet strike force

Grosskreuzer Program

Despite the fact that in Germany there was a discussion on the topic that it was time to combine the two classes of ships, battleships and battlecruisers into one class - high-speed battleships, work on the projects of new battlecruisers was still underway.

At a meeting with the German Kaiser, the head of the German Imperial Naval Office, Eduard von Capelle, presented the draft designs of armored and battlecruisers, known by code names as the cruisers of the GK1, GK 2 and GK 3 projects and the battlecruisers of the L1, L2, and L3 projects. On all projects, 380 mm caliber guns were chosen as the main caliber. The medium caliber was to consist of sixteen 158 mm guns, 8 guns per side.

According to the draft design, the GK1 armored cruiser was supposed to have a displacement of 34,000 tons and a length of 235 meters. The power plant of the cruiser was supposed to be 110,000 hp. With such machines, the cruiser had to reach a speed of 29 knots. According to the GK2 project, the cruiser should have turned out to be much larger:

• Displacement - 38,000 tons;


• Length - 243 meters;


• Machine power - 120,000 hp


• Maximum speed - 29.5 knots.

The sketch of the cruiser GK3 had the same overall dimensions as the cruiser under the GK2 project, however, the power of the machines on this ship was provided for somewhat less - 115,000 hp. and accordingly, the cruiser had a lower speed - 29 knots. The main attention on these cruisers was given to their armor.

These projects were carefully evaluated by the German admirals. And if von Capelle leaned towards the cruiser of the GK1 project, then the commander of the High Seas Fleet, Admiral Reinhard Scheer, was more to the liking of the GK3 project.

Actually, there was no consensus on the issue of the future cruiser in Germany, all the time there were heated debates about what maximum speed cruisers should have, what armor should be. In the period from May to July 1916, another, new cruiser project, the GK 6, was developed.

The cruiser had a displacement of 26,500 tons, a length of 235 m and the same protection as the cruiser of the GK 3 project. However, Scheer and the German Imperial Naval Office did not like the GK6 project. In their opinion, the speed of the cruiser was insufficient, and the armament and armor did not take into account the experience of Jutland.

The German admirals suggested that the engineers think about installing a fifth turret with a pair of 380 mm guns on the cruiser or, as an alternative, re-equip the cruiser with eight 420 mm guns as the main caliber.

Meanwhile, the difficult military situation in Germany led to a sharp slowdown in work on new projects and shifted their completion to 1920-21.

1. Project GK1, Main armament 8 x 38 cm, Design date April 19, 1916;


2. Project GK2, Main armament 8 x 38 cm, Design date April 19, 1916;


3. Project GK3 Main armament 8 x 38 cm, Dated April 19, 1916;


4. Project GK6, Main armament 8 x 38 cm, Design date 5 July 1916;


5. Project GK6a, Main armament 8 x 38 cm, Design date 1916;


6. Project GK7, Main armament 8 x 38 cm, Design date 1916;


7. Project GK8, Main armament 8 x 38 cm, Design date 1916;


8. Project GK8a, Main armament 8 x 38 cm, Design date 1916;


9. Project GK9, Main armament 8 x 38 cm, Design date 1916;


10. Project GK10, Main armament 8 x 38 cm, Design date 1916;


11. Project GK11, Main armament 8 x 38 cm, Design date 1916;


12. Project GK12, Main armament 8 x 38 cm, Design date 1916

Grosskampfschiff program

Assessing the experience of the battle of Jutland, it became obvious that the ships must grow in size further. However, in Germany, the growth in the size of warships was limited by the size of the stocks in Wilhelmshaven. In these shipyards it was not possible to build more ships:

• Length - 235 m;


• Width - 31 m;


• Precipitation - 9.5 m.

For the construction of larger ships, new stocks were required, as well as deepening of the fairways in the Yade and Elba rivers.

However, these restrictions did not stop the design work. It was necessary to understand, at least, to what extent the increase in shipyards is required. According to preliminary estimates, it became clear that the future high-speed battleship would have to have a displacement of at least 20,000 tons more than that of Mackensen-class battlecruisers.

Side view of the battlecruiser Mackensen. Estimated view according to the drawings.

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Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905 once again showed that a naval battle is primarily a duel between naval artillery. Only the distance from which he fought increased, and the victory was still decided by the accuracy of the hit and the breakdown power of the shells.

The inability to provide sufficient firing angles for guns firing through ports often drove sailors to despair. The idea of ​​​​creating a rotating armored platform-tower put an end to their torment. A new solution almost simultaneously occurred to two talented designers - the American Erickson and the Englishman Kolz. But interest in the novelty in the New and Old Worlds was shown in different ways. If Erickson, after the first tower ship "Monitor", managed to build a whole cohort of battleships of the same type with him, then Kolz was much less fortunate.
Back in 1859, he developed a project for a multi-turreted warship, which officials buried in the archives of the Admiralty. The Englishman was even ahead of Erickson in the design of the tower. She was much more stable and reliable.

After long hesitation, the English admirals finally decide to give Kolz the old 131-gun ship Royal Sovereign, launched back in 1849. After some alterations, four gun turrets were installed on the armored ship. Soon the ship was checked in a training battle. Three shells hit one of the towers from a distance of 200 m. To everyone's surprise, she continued to spin as well as the others. And yet the triumph did not take place - the towers did not receive mass distribution. Without much enthusiasm, the British nevertheless laid down several tower battleships.

To the delight of skeptics, as the caliber of the guns increased, the first towers began to act up. Too much weight of the rotating device required very powerful drives and mechanisms, which were not always reliable. The heavy guns did not want to spin quickly and without jerks. Often, after a shot, the turret made the most unpredictable "body movements", and when turning, it gave a strong roll to the ship. Because of all this, the new approach to the protection of ship guns was never appreciated - the British passed the baton in the creation of tower ships to their neighbor France.

In the 1890s from the slipways of the government shipyard in Lorient, the first truly tower French battleship Brennus descends. Like later ships of this type, it had two gun turrets at the ends, with two heavy 340-mm guns in the bow turret and only one in the stern. Part of the 160-mm guns preferred to be left in the casemate, while the rest were placed in turrets. Only thirty-five years later, the British returned to the undeservedly forgotten tower structure, realizing that behind it was the future of the armored fleet.

French battleship Brennus

In 1906, they launched the battleship Dreadnought, which gave rise to a whole class of warships, later called battleships. The new ship was distinguished by its speed and invulnerability to enemy artillery. A significant displacement (17,900 tons) made it possible to protect its 160-meter hull with strong armor and equip the ship with powerful weapons. In the armored towers of the Dreadnought, located on both sides, ten 305-mm main-caliber guns were hidden. As a result of this, the ship received a double fire advantage compared to other battleships. Another 27 76 mm guns served as protection against attacks by torpedo boats.
In addition, the Dreadnought had anti-torpedo nets and five torpedo tubes. Thanks to powerful and reasonably located artillery, the battleship could impose a long-range battle on the enemy, the outcome of which completely depended on the accuracy, range and caliber of the guns.
The system of watertight bulkheads provided a good degree of unsinkability of the vessel, and the use of turbines with a capacity of 23,000 horsepower instead of traditional piston-type steam engines made it possible to reach speeds of up to 21 knots. The crew of the ship consisted of 770 people. On the model of the Dreadnought, almost all armored ships begin to be built, and its name becomes a household name.

In their attempts to create their own dreadnought fleet, the Russians even got ahead of the British - after the "Peter the Great" (1877), turrets appeared on the battleships "Emperor Nikolai 1" and "Gangut" 1889-1890. the buildings. The towers were at first treated with some distrust. So, "Gaigut" had only one bow tower, covering the only heavy gun. The first Russian battleship of a true tower type was the Twelve Apostles, launched in Nikolaev in 1891. With a displacement of more than 8,000 tons, it carried four 305-mm guns in two towers at the stern and at the bow. Four 152-mm guns were located in the upper casemate; in addition to them, the ship had 18 rapid-fire guns with a caliber of 125 mm. Belt armor 350 mm thick covered the waterline, and the lower casemate, which protected the bases of the gun turrets, was built from 30 mm armor plates.

The appearance of the next Russian turret battleship Navarii was not long in coming. It was he who became the prototype of Russian dreadnought warships of the early 20th century. Despite the lack of armor in the extremities, the Navarii was considered practically invulnerable to enemy artillery by the time it entered service. At the same time, this ship, built on the model of the English battleship Trafalgar, had a significant disadvantage - a low freeboard, because of which the Navarin could not boast of good seaworthiness.
The Tsushima tragedy that broke out during the Russo-Japanese War was not an accident either for the Navarin or for the Sysoya the Great, which repeated its fate, which was built in its image and likeness. At night, after a battle that exhausted everyone, light Japanese destroyers attacked the surviving Russian ships. From the explosion on the Navarin, a steam line burst, and several royal boilers failed.
The ship fought back with all the guns, but it was not possible to escape from the fatal torpedo. Under the hole - at the cost of forty sailors' lives - they managed to get a plaster. But the wounded battleship lost its course, and soon enemy ships caught up with it again. Two mines fired by the Japanese completed the job - the ship quickly fell to the starboard side and disappeared into the abyss ...

Squadron battleship "Navarin" in "Victorian" coloring. Four chimneys and the absence of a foremast gave the ship a rather unusual look.

After Tsushima, the Russians begin to rebuild the fleet. On June 3, 1909, the laying of four armored battleships took place: Sevastopol, Poltava, Petropavlovsk and Gangut. The ships were of the same type - for the first time in the Russian fleet, their main caliber guns (305 mm) were placed in one line in four 3-gun turrets. And just two years later, construction began on a new series of dreadnought battleships of the Empress Maria type.

The events of the war confirmed the timeliness of this step. In July 1914, two German ships broke through the Anglo-French cordons to the Bosphorus - the battle cruiser Goeben and the light cruiser Breslau. The raid of these ships, sailing under the Turkish flag, but in reality was under command of the German Admiral Sushen, at once nullified the superiority of the Russian Black Sea Fleet over the enemy squadron. "Goeben" with its ten 208-mm guns and twelve 150-mm guns turned out to be stronger than "Evstafiya" - the best Russian battleship at that time, and surpassed it in speed by more than one and a half times (27 knots against 16).

Each of the battleships of the type "Empress Maria" was able to stop the excesses of the "Goeben" or any of its similar ships. The armament of the battleships consisted of twelve guns of the main 305-mm caliber, twenty 130-mm guns and four torpedo tubes. It was much more difficult to sink new Russian ships than before. Bulkheads now reached the upper deck, and a third bottom was installed in the turret compartments.

The fate of the last Black Sea dreadnoughts was decided by the revolution. In April 1917, "Emperor Alexander III" (one of the ships of the "Empress Maria" series) was renamed and became known as "Will". The same fate befell other battleships - the pride of the Russian fleet. A year later, Russia was swept by a wave of foreign intervention. In order not to fall into the hands of the Germans, the Black Sea Fleet broke through from Sevastopol to Novorossiysk.

In the heat of fierce battles that took place on land and at sea, the Bolsheviks were unable to save their rich inheritance. On July 18, 1918, by order of Lenin, the battleship Free Russia (formerly Empress Catherine the Great) was scuttled; went to the bottom and other large ships. The rest of the ships returned to Sevastopol, where they once again had to change owners. Among them was the dreadnought Volya, which was renamed General Alekseev for the second time. In 1920, the White Guards took the recaptured fleet to Bizerte.

France started building dreadnought battleships much later than Russia and other European powers. The first French dreadnought "Jean Bar" appeared when the "Emperor Alexander III" was already living out his last years, "Jean Bar" and the battleships that followed him were nothing more than a diligent imitation of foreign battleships - not a single new one appeared in their design element.

The beginning of the Russo-Japanese War took Japanese shipbuilders by surprise. Japan owed all its victories exclusively to battleships built in English shipyards. With the launch of the first battleships "Aki" and "Satsuma", laid down by Japanese craftsmen back in 1903, they were clearly in no hurry. They were completed and remade after the end of the war. Despite this, the first Japanese armored ships did not fall into the category of dreadnoughts. Quickly catching up, the Japanese created two dreadnought-type battleships similar to each other - Kawachi and Settsu. They had 12 guns of the main 305-mm caliber, placed in six gun turrets. The last Japanese super-dreadnoughts, Fuzo and Yamashiro, laid down on the eve of the First World War, were built according to the American system. With a record large displacement of 30,600 tons, they outnumbered other battleships with artillery power. For the first time they used guns with a caliber of 356 mm.

Japanese battleship Satsuma

Russia, fascinated by imperial games, has long forgotten about battleships of coastal defense. The experience of the Russians in this area was limited to only three seaworthy battleships, one of which was the Admiral Ushakov. In turn, in the Scandinavian countries, this type of ship was taken much more seriously. This was facilitated by the features of the sea landscape. The coastline of the northern states was heavily indented by numerous shallow skerries, where coastal defense battleships were simply irreplaceable. In 1896, Danish shipbuilders launched a small battleship Skold with a displacement of only 2160 tons. One 240 mm caliber gun and two 119 mm guns were installed on it. Their power was increased by lengthening the trunks.

Following him, two more ships of the same type were built - Haluf Trolle and Olfert Fischer. With a displacement of 3500 tons, they carried stronger artillery weapons: two 240 mm, four 150 mm and six 47 mm guns. Such ships continued to be built until the First World War.

The last and most advanced coastal defense battleship was to be the Nils Jewell, the decision to build which was made in 1914. It was planned to install two heavy 305-mm guns and ten 120-mm quick-firing guns on the new ship. The experience of the last war forced the Danes to reconsider their decisions.

In Copenhagen, they realized that the time of artillery battles of surface ships of the coast guard was gone forever. Shallow water, torpedo boats, destroyers and submarines did not allow large enemy battleships with heavy artillery on board to approach the Scandinavian coast. But the coastal defense battleship has new opponents - landing craft, airships and aircraft. It is not surprising that the Niels Jewel, launched in 1918, was armed in a completely different way than previously planned. Instead of large and medium-caliber guns, ten 150-mm quick-firing guns, two 47-mm guns and four 57-mm anti-aircraft guns were installed on it.

The rapid development of military shipbuilding in this country is a striking example of what a state can do when it is constantly aroused to activity by the will and wisdom of its sovereign. In 1870, Germany had only one shipyard - in Danzig, where it was possible to build ships of any larger size. But, after that, in a short time, shipyards began to be built with incredible speed in other parts of the empire, and the Kiel Canal was also dug, and that same Germany, which 25 or 30 years ago did not have sufficient funds to start at least a small fleet, and which, no more than 10 years before, bought half of its warships in England, is now not only building all its own warships at home, but is also successfully endowing most of the foreign states.

Tactical and technical data of battleships built or built in the late 19th - early 20th century

If we take the case of a normal deepening; then we will see that in wartime the ship cannot save it; before the battle it will be so loaded with coal and ammunition that the armor belt will almost completely go under water. As a result, the waterline is not protected on side roll or during circulation. Otherwise, i.e. if the immersion is too small, the lower edge of the armor belt will come out of the water and again the waterline will be unprotected. In addition, it is impossible to expect that the ship, even in good weather, would always be without a list (when turning all the guns on one side, with uneven filling of coal pits, etc.). With even a slight hole at the waterline, the water rushing into it will violate the horizontality of the ship, you will have to let water into the compartments of the opposite side, the ship will sink, and with it the belt.

So, in all cases, it turns out that the armor belt is too narrow. It is true that on modern battleships the armor reaches the waterline, but this is only in the middle part of the ship, while the bow and stern are protected only by a narrow armor belt, while the underwater part in the middle part of the hull is not protected, and here it is necessary to continue the armor belt with a thickness of at least 160 mm. Indeed, in practice it has already become clear that the penetration of the underwater part often occurs not from the direct impact of the projectile, but when it breaks near the ship, when the projectile or its fragments still have the strength to overcome the resistance of the water and pierce the underwater unarmored part of the hull. When you think that such an insignificant reason is enough to put a ship out of commission, then it is worth thinking about increasing the armor belt, not worrying about the increase in displacement resulting from this.

How to proceed with underwater protection is a matter of technology. We, on the latest ships, for example, on the Tsesarevich, used a special kind of protection: the underwater part is not armored, and on each side there is a longitudinal armored bulkhead, which is located relatively far from the submerged part of the hull. This bulkhead is only 38 mm thick and should, by its location, represent a significant weight without increasing, especially the safety of the ship. These partitions protect only the middle part of the ship. It goes without saying that underwater armor would also have to be designed so that the ship could withstand the explosion of self-propelled and fixed mines of the barrier.

The conning tower is also subject, of course, to modifications. The modern conning tower, so to speak, hangs in the air, and only a thin armored tube (to protect the wires) connects it to the armored deck.

It is worth quoting the words of the German naval writer, Count Reventlov, after the incident with the “Tsesarevich”: “In the conning tower, the instruments for controlling the ship were damaged, all the officers and sailors in it were killed or seriously wounded - all this was due to the action of gases and fragments of a shell that exploded at the outer wall of the felling without breaking through it. It was necessary that the projectile (when shooting at the “Tsesarevich”, the Japanese most of all aimed at the conning tower, which can be seen from the number of hits in front and behind the cabin, and therefore it can be said with certainty that the projectile that hit the cabin itself did not accidentally hit it) exploded near a narrow gap left for the horizon. Fragments or gases got inside the cabin through this gap, maybe both, which put the ship out of action for a long time without damaging at the same time a single important mechanism. There are no such mechanisms in the conning tower.

The possibility of a repetition of such a case is unacceptable. It is unthinkable to put up with the fact that a few fragments of a shell that fell into the wheelhouse could deprive the ship of all the combat ability concentrated in it. Again, it must not be allowed that at one point of the ship, in the conning tower, both the squadron commander and the commander, and all the chief officers, would be simultaneously during the battle. If it is difficult to achieve complete protection of the commander due to the need to have a free outlook, then other participants, controls can be completely protected, since during the battle the helmsman, for example, does not need a field of vision. In this case, in no case should the question of severity be frightening: the complete safety of the participants in the control and possibly greater safety for the commander are of more importance than part of the artillery weapons.

The points chosen to control the ship should be protected with armor no less than 400 or even 500 mm thick, and the armor should be extended to the very armored deck - for the conning tower, the latter condition is all the more necessary. The cases with the “Tsesarevich” and “Rurik” should draw attention to the often repeated cases of damage to the steering wheel, almost at the very beginning of the battle. As a result, the ship is disabled or loses almost all of its combat capability. It is necessary to protect the rudder head, tiller, steering gears - in general, the entire steering compartment.

In general terms, battleships of the H class (Braunschweig) and N (Deutschland) are exactly the same - displacement, length, width, recess, number of horsepower, etc. The speed of the N class is slightly higher than that of the H class. The N class has water tube boilers. These boilers are less heavy than cylindrical boilers, due to which the stock of coal in class N is greater than in class H (normal 800 tons, instead of 700). Heavy and medium artillery are the same. On the "Deutschland" class - 17-cm guns placed in a casemate are farther apart than on the "Braunschweig". This reduces the ability to shoot down two guns with one shot. This was achieved by a large slope of the front and rear walls of the casemate and a slight lengthening of the entire casemate.

The gun ports are significantly improved thanks to wedge-shaped holes, the angle of fire reaches 137 °. This form of ports is borrowed from the American Navy. On the Braunschweig class, at each corner of the casemate, one turret with a 17-cm gun is placed; on the Deutschland class, instead of towers, separate casemates were arranged: this put an end to the tower system for medium artillery. 88 mm guns are mounted on the roofs of the casemates: There are a total of 22 such guns. This shows that light artillery has also undergone a change and this is due to the increase in the size of destroyer fighters, which have a huge move, which are difficult to hit.

Any warship is a kind of exhibition of the achievements of the military-industrial complex of its time. Its weapons design is based on the most advanced research in science, engineering and technology. The twentieth century was truly the "golden age" of military shipbuilding, and it all began with the mighty battleships and dreadnoughts.

Steam-powered ships replaced sailboats in the middle of the 19th century. The first battle of the latest steam-powered armored warships took place during the American Civil War. In March 1862 armadillo northerners " Monitor"and the ship of the southerners" Virginia” met in battle on the roadstead of Hampton Roads. At that time, the use of such ships bordered on the experiment. The tactics of warfare of ships with such serious weapons and protection simply did not exist. Armadillos will become the main striking power of the fleets of the leading maritime powers of the world only in 30-40 years. At the beginning of the 20th century, ships of this class will be named in memory of the recent sailing ships of the past.

Multideck battleship for three centuries it has been the basis of the combat power of the sailing navies of the world. From the time of the Anglo-Dutch wars of the 17th century until the Battle of Jutland in 1916, the outcome of the war at sea was decided by an artillery duel, so the ships lined up so that during the volley of their guns they were turned sideways to the enemy in order to achieve maximum fire power. Battleships were also designed for line combat. During naval battles, these large ships with powerful weapons lined up in battle line, following in wake formation.

armadillos and battleships operated as part of the squadron's combat unit. They were intended to destroy enemy ships and artillery bombardment of targets on the coast.

battleship "Peter the Great"

On May 5, 1869, a significant event took place at the Admiralty Shipyard in St. Petersburg - the first parapet-tower ship in the Russian Empire, and in the world, was laid down for the Russian fleet. It was designed by Admiral Popov. In England, which was then considered the mistress of the seas, a ship of a new type "dreadnought" was laid down six months later.

What was the difference between the squadron armadillo « Peter the Great» from their predecessors sailboats and paddle steamers. Firstly, the first Russian battleship was armed with two twin-gun turrets, the caliber of each gun was 305 mm, and the barrel length reached 30 calibers. Also, the armament included 14 smaller caliber artillery pieces and two torpedo tubes. The thickness of the armor belt of the ship and the artillery turret varied from 203 to 365 mm. The body of the battleship was made of metal using a special checkered system. The ship had a double bottom and was separated by watertight bulkheads to ensure unsinkability. Two steam engines with a capacity of more than 8000 hp helped the battleship to reach speeds of up to 14 knots.

Technical characteristics of the squadron battleship "Peter the Great":

Length - 98 m;

Width - 19 m;

Draft - 8 m;

Displacement - 10105 tons;

Cruising range - 3600 miles;

Crew - 440 people;

In Russia, the construction of battleships, which have become a source of pride and a symbol of the military power of the state, was carried out on an unprecedented scale. By the beginning of the 20th century, there were 17 heavy squadron battleships in the Russian imperial fleet. The largest of these were Petropavlovsk», « Tsesarevich», « Retvizan», « Peresvet», « Victory», « Poltava», « Sevastopol», « Chesma" And " Emperor Nicholas I».

Battleship "Poltava"

battleship "Tsesarevich"

battleship "Retvizan"

Battleship Pobeda

battleship "Sevastopol"

battleship "Emperor Nicholas I"

battleship "Peresvet"

One of the most tragic pages in the history of the Russian fleet is connected with the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War. On the night of January 27, 1904, without declaring war, Japanese destroyers attacked Russian warships stationed in the Port Arthur roadstead. As a result of a sudden attack, they were disabled armadillos « Retvizan», « Tsesarevich"and cruiser" Pallas". Soon Vice-Admiral Makarov, one of the outstanding naval commanders of that time, arrived in Port Arthur. He took the most decisive measures to prepare the fleet for active combat operations, and on March 31 the Pacific squadron went out to meet the Japanese fleet. However, the battleship Petropavlovsk, on which Admiral Makarov was located, was blown up by Japanese mines and sank. The admiral is dead. Twice more Russian ships attempted to escape from Port Arthur to Vladivostok, and both times they ended in failure - the squadron died.

The Japanese fleet landed troops in August 1904 and began the siege of Port Arthur. Four months later, the city was surrendered. After the death of the 1st Pacific squadron, the 2nd squadron of the Pacific Fleet was formed on the basis of the Baltic Fleet. It was headed by Vice Admiral Zinovy ​​Rozhdestvensky. The squadron included about 30 ships armed with 228 artillery pieces. Having made a six-month sea passage to the Far East, warships approached the Tsushima Islands, where the Japanese fleet of Admiral Togo was waiting for them. It consisted of about 120 warships armed with over 900 artillery pieces. The firepower of the Japanese fleet surpassed the Russian squadron by 4.5 times. The outcome of the upcoming battle was predetermined. The vast majority of Russian warships died in battle with superior enemy forces.

The tragedy of Port Arthur and Tsushima forced Russian shipbuilders to reconsider the concept of building large armored ships. In 1907, the Russian Empire approved a program for the construction of four battleships of a new type - battleships. About 40 ship designs were considered, of which eight were from well-known foreign shipyards. In April 1907, Emperor Nicholas II approved one of the four options developed by the Naval Admiralty shipbuilding program. Its purpose was to replenish the ship composition lost during the Russo-Japanese War. It was planned to build seven battleships of a new, so-called dreadnought type, making everything obsolete armadillos.

The lead in the series of dreadnoughts was the Sevastopol with a displacement of 23,000 tons. The ship was armed with 12 305 mm guns, 16 120 mm guns, and four torpedo tubes. By the beginning of World War I, three more battleships of this series were built and commissioned into the fleet - “ Petropavlovsk», « Poltava" And " Gangut". Subsequently, three additional battleships of the modernized series were built. During the First and Second World Wars, the firepower of battleships was mainly used for artillery support of ground forces in coastal areas.

A characteristic feature of which was a large number of main battery guns.

ships

• The Dreadnought is a British warship. Launched in 1573.
• "Dreadnought" - British frigate (original name - "Torrington"). Launched in 1654.
• The Dreadnought is a British warship. Launched in 1691.
• The Dreadnought is a British warship. Launched in 1742.
• "Dreadnought" - a British warship, later - a hospital ship. Launched in 1801.
• "Dreadnought" - British battleship (original name - "Fury"). Launched in 1875.
• "Dreadnought" - a British battleship that revolutionized naval affairs and became the ancestor of the class of ships named after him. Launched in 1906.
• "Dreadnought" - the first British nuclear submarine.
• Dreadnought (class of ships) - a class of ships, the ancestor of which was HMS Dreadnought (1906).

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• "Dreadnoughts" - performance / video version by Evgeny Grishkovets.
• "Dreadnought" - a coarse-wool fabric like a beaver, a coat made of such a fabric.
• "Dreadnought" - a type of guitar.
• The Dreadnoughts are a Canadian Celtic punk band.

Computer game terms

• "Dreadnought" is a vehicle in the online game Allods Online.
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• "Dreadnought" is a spaceship from Homeworld 2 and Homeworld: Cataclysm.
• Dreadnought is a class of warships in the computer game EVE Online.
• The "Dreadnought" is a battle suit for mortally wounded Space Marines in the Warhammer 40k universe.
• "Dreadnought" - a combat rocket ship of the USSR in the computer games "Red Alert 2" and "Red Alert 3".
• The Dreadnought is a giant flying warship in the video game Final Fantasy II.
• Dreadnought - the class of the largest military spaceships in the game Mass Effect
• "Dreadnought" is the third profession of a human warrior in the online game Lineage II.
• "Dreadnought of the Balaur" - Dredikon, a warship in the online game Aion.
• The Dreadnought is the largest and most powerful combat spaceship in the Earth fleet in the computer game Conquest: Frontier Wars.
• The Dreadnought is the flagship of the Ur-Quan race of alien invaders in the Star Control game series.
• The Dreadnought is the largest Drakkar spaceship from the online strategy game Alpha Empire.
• "Dreadnought" - a warship, the main force of the fleet in the game Empire.
• The Dreadnought is a warship built by goblins in the Warcraft III universe.

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See what "Dreadnought" is in other dictionaries:

1) English battleship, which marked the beginning of the class of battleships. Entered service in 1906. EdwART. Explanatory Naval Dictionary, 2010 Dreadnought is the common name for large artillery ships at the beginning of the 20th century, preceding ... Marine Dictionary

- (eng. Dreadnought lit. fearless), English battleship (built in 1906). Had 10 305 mm turret guns and 24 76 mm guns, 5 torpedo tubes; armor up to 280 mm. Until the 30s. Dreadnoughts were called battleships of this type ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Dreadnought, ah, husband. A large battleship, the forerunner of the modern battleship. | adj. dreadnought, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

- (Dreadnought) English battleship, a prototype of a class of modern powerful battleships, for which his name has become a household name. D. was built in England in 1905-06. based on the experience of the Russo-Japanese War. Had a displacement of 17900 tons, ... ... Marine Dictionary

Exist., number of synonyms: 5 battleship (12) ship (101) battleship (5) ... Synonym dictionary

Lenin. Razg. Shuttle. iron. Cruiser Aurora". Sindalovsky, 2002 ... Big dictionary of Russian sayings

- (eng. dreadnought letters. fearless) in the first decades of the 20th century. a large battleship with powerful long-range artillery. New dictionary of foreign words. by EdwART, 2009. dreadnought dreadnought, m. [eng. drednought] (Mor.). Armadillo big ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

A; m. dreadnought] Large fast battleship of the first decades of the 20th century. with powerful weapons, the forerunner of the modern battleship. * * * Dreadnought "Dreadnought" (eng. "Dreadnought", lit. fearless), English battleship ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

- ("Dreadnought") English battleship, which marked the beginning of this class of ships. Building "D." was an attempt to take into account the experience of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905, which revealed the shortcomings of battleships (See Battleship). Built in 1905 ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia