Speaking about the genre of landscape, it is impossible not to refer to the work of great landscape painters. Now it is difficult to imagine that two hundred years ago such a thing as a landscape did not yet exist. The traditions of Russian landscape painting began to take shape only at the end of the 18th century. Before this, artists painted under the influence of Italian and French masters, ennobling nature according to the academic laws of construction, which were considered mandatory in painting of that time.
A huge contribution to the development of Russian landscape was made by the Partnership of Traveling Exhibitions (Peredvizhniki) under the leadership of I. N. Kramskoy. Artists sang the beauty of discreet Russian nature, the simplicity of rural landscapes, and the vast expanses of Rus'.
The greatest masters of landscape:
- Alexey Kondratyevich Savrasov (1830-1897)
- Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (1817–1900)
Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (1832-1898)
Art I.I. Shishkina is surprisingly clear and transparent. His paintings are a hymn to living nature and its beauty. He created landscape art with coniferous thickets, with vast expanse, with all the simplicity of the northern landscape.
At the age of 12, at the insistence of his father, he was assigned to the 1st Kazan Gymnasium. I never finished the full course. In 1852 he moved to Moscow and entered the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Here A. N. Mokritsky became Shishkin’s mentor. After completing the course (1856), the talented student was advised to continue his education in St. Petersburg at the Academy of Arts. His training was supervised by S. M. Vorobyov.
The teachers immediately noted Shishkin’s penchant for landscape painting. Already in his first year at the academy, he was awarded a small silver medal for “View in the vicinity of St. Petersburg.” In 1858, the artist received a large silver medal for the painting “View on the Island of Valaam.”
The successes achieved allowed Shishkin to travel abroad as a scholarship holder of the academy. The journey began in Munich (1861), where Ivan Ivanovich visited the workshops of popular animal artists B. and F. Adam. In 1863, Shishkin moved to Zurich, then to Geneva, Prague, and Dusseldorf. Feeling homesick for his fatherland, he returned to St. Petersburg in 1866, before the expiration of his scholarship.
In Russia, the artist was awarded the title of academician (1865). From this time on, the most fruitful period of the painter’s work began. The paintings “Cutting Wood” (1867), “Rye” (1878), “Pines Illuminated by the Sun” (1886), “Morning in a Pine Forest” (1889; bears painted by K. A) were created Savitsky), “Ship Grove” (1898) and many others.
Shishkin worked actively in the plein air, often undertaking travel around Russia for artistic purposes. He exhibited his works almost every year - first at the academy, and then, after the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions was established (1870), at these exhibitions.
Ivan Ilyich Levitan (1860-1900)
Born on August 30, 1860 in the Lithuanian town of Kybartai into a Jewish family. My father was a minor employee in the city government. Soon after the birth of their youngest son, the family moved to Moscow. At the age of 13, Isaac was accepted into the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, in the class of A.K. Savrasov and V.D. Polenov. From the very beginning of his studies, Levitan made a living by giving lessons and commissioned portraits. He graduated from college with flying colors, but because of his background, he was awarded a diploma as a penmanship teacher.
He painted his first major painting, “The Quiet Abode,” after a trip in 1890 to the Russian North. The canvas was purchased by P. M. Tretyakov for his gallery. In 1892, the artist was forced to leave Moscow, since Jews were not allowed to live in the capitals. He settled in a village located along the Vladimirsky tract, along which convicts were driven to Siberia. The artist captured these places in the painting “Vladimirka” (1892). In the 90s Levitan made another trip, this time along the Volga. There the painting “Fresh Wind” was born. Volga" (1891-1895). An exacerbation of tuberculosis caused the artist to leave abroad, to France, then to Italy, although the efforts of friends helped him obtain permission to live in Moscow.
Returning home, in 1898 Levitan began teaching a landscape class at the school from which he graduated. His health was deteriorating, and in 1899 the artist, at the invitation of A.P. Chekhov, left for Yalta. Having returned, he began teaching again, but his health continued to deteriorate, and on August 4, 1900, Levitan died.
The landscapes of the singer of Russian nature are not just photographic images of nature - the artist managed to convey its living breath. No wonder the critic V.V. Stasov called Levitan’s paintings emotional poems. At the same time, Levitan was not only a magnificent landscape painter. His creative heritage also includes drawings, watercolors, and book illustrations.
The city of Plyos is associated with the name of Isaac Levitan. Levitan comes to Plyos for three summers in a row, in 1888-1890. There is not a single corner or path in the vicinity of Plyos where the great master has visited. Inspired by the magical beauties of Plyos, he paints almost 200 paintings and sketches here! Now famous paintings: “Above Eternal Peace”, “After the Rain. Plyos", "Evening. Golden Reach”, “Birch Grove” and many others have become decorations of the collections of the Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian Museum and many collections in Russia and abroad.
Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov (1844-1927)
Born on June 1, 1844 in the Borok estate (now Polenovo in the Tula region) in the family of archaeologist and bibliographer D. V. Polenov. After receiving secondary education, Vasily entered the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts (1863), and a little later began attending lectures at the Faculty of Law at the university.
In 1872, Polenov, who completed both courses with honors, was awarded a trip abroad at the expense of the academy. He visited Vienna, Venice, Florence, Naples, and lived in Paris for a long time. The visit home was short-lived; in 1876 the artist volunteered for the Serbian-Montenegrin-Turkish war.
In subsequent years, he traveled a lot in the Middle East and Greece (1881-1882, 1899, 1909), Italy (1883-1884, 1894-1895). In 1879 he joined the Society of Peredvizhniki artists. In 1882-1895. taught at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.
In recognition of his merits, Polenov was elected a full member of the Academy of Arts in 1893. Since 1910, he was involved in the development of provincial theaters, becoming three years later the head of a special section at the Moscow Society of People's Universities.
Polenov is known as the author of works of various genres. He addressed historical and religious themes - “Christ and the Sinner” (1886-1887), “On Lake Tiberias” (1888), “Among the Teachers” (1896); in 1877 he created a series of studies of Kremlin cathedrals and palace chambers; at various times he made theatrical scenery. According to his sketches, churches were built in Abramtsevo (in collaboration with V.M. Vasnetsov) and in Bekhov near Tarusa (1906). But the landscapes that brought Polenov the greatest fame were “Moscow Courtyard” (1878), “Grandmother’s Garden”, “Summer” (both 1879), “Overgrown Pond” (1880), “Golden Autumn” (1893). ), conveying the poetic charm of the corners of city life and pristine Russian nature.
The artist spent the last years of his life in the Borok estate, where he organized a museum of art and scientific collections. The museum-estate of V. D. Polenov has been operating here since 1927.
Alexey Kondratyevich Savrasov (1830 - 1897)
The artist was born on May 12 (24), 1830 in Moscow, in the family of the merchant of the 3rd guild, Kondraty Artemyevich Savrasov. Contrary to the wishes of his father, who dreamed of adapting his son to “commercial affairs,” the boy entered the Moscow School of Painting and Sculpture in 1844, where he studied in the class of landscape painter K.I. Rabus. During his studies, in 1850, he completed the painting “Stone in the Forest near the Spill,” which art critics consider somewhat awkward in composition. In the same year, for the painting “View of the Moscow Kremlin by Moonlight,” he was awarded the title of non-class artist.
Founding member of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions (see Peredvizhniki). In S.'s early works, romantic effects predominate ("View of the Kremlin in inclement weather", 1851, Tretyakov Gallery).
In the 1850-60s. Savrasov more often moves to calm, narrative images, in some cases marked by a desire for color unity of works ("Losiny Island in Sokolniki", 1869, ibid.), to enhance the emotional sound of chiaroscuro. The result of these searches was the painting “The Rooks Have Arrived” (1871, ibid.), where Savrasov, depicting an outwardly unprepossessing motif and emphasizing the moment of transition in the life of the natural environment (the onset of early spring), managed to show the deep intimacy of his native nature. Savrasov’s subsequent works are also distinguished by their lyrical spontaneity and interest in the plein air (Country Road, 1873; Courtyard, 1870s; Grave over the Volga, 1874, private collection, Moscow).
Alexey Savrasov, one of the largest representatives of the lyrical movement in Russian landscape, had a huge influence on Russian landscape painters of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
A.K. passed away Savrasov September 26, 1897, buried in Moscow, at the Vagankovskoye cemetery. The alley where he is buried bears his name. His favorite student was Isaac Levitan
Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi (1841-1910)
Born in January 1841 in Mariupol in the family of a shoemaker of Greek origin. Having been orphaned, he was raised in a family of relatives. He started drawing early and mastered painting mostly on his own.
In 1855, he went on foot to Feodosia to study with I.K. Aivazovsky. The influence of the famous marine painter on young Kuindzhi was undoubtedly. At the end of the 60s. Kuindzhi arrived in St. Petersburg. The artist presented his first works in 1868 at an exhibition at the Academy of Arts and soon firmly established himself as a master of landscape: “Autumn thaw” (1872); "The Forgotten Village" (1874); “Chumatsky tract in Mariupol” (1875), etc.
In 1870 he first visited the island of Valaam, where he subsequently painted a lot. As contemporaries believed, it was the landscapes created there that attracted the attention of viewers.
The painting “Ukrainian Night” (1876) simply stunned the public and determined the author’s special path in art. With her, Kuindzhi began his “pursuit of light” - he sought to achieve the complete illusion of natural lighting. This was manifested to the highest degree in the painting “Night on the Dnieper” (1880) with a sparkling moonlit path in velvet darkness.
The painter revealed the possibilities of the landscape in a new way, transforming, purifying and elevating reality. He achieved extraordinary intensity and brightness of colors and new color solutions. He is characterized by numerous “sunny” paintings and sketches (including “Birch Grove”, 1879).
The intense contrast of rich tones, lighting effects - all this was unusual for 19th century painting. phenomenon. Misunderstanding among his colleagues forced Kuindzhi to refuse to participate in exhibitions at the moment of his greatest success. The last time he exhibited his work was in 1882.
The artist lived as a hermit in Crimea, where he created a series of large canvases and hundreds of sketches, continuing to experiment with paints and color. Among Kuindzhi’s later works are his only narrative painting, “Christ in the Garden of Gethsemane” (1901) and “Night” (1905-1908), breathing extraordinary harmony.
In 1909, Arkhip Ivanovich founded the Society of Artists (which later received his name), which provided support to people of art. The painter bequeathed his entire fortune and the works in his studio to this Society.
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Take a break from worries, household chores, and fuss for a while and plunge into the secrets of the nature of your native Russia, business Europe, hospitable Asia, and the distant North Pole. Watch the life of animals, explore magical places around the world. Don’t forget to download them for free to your phone and desktop to create a special charm on your screen and always be on the same wavelength with beauty.
We are glad to welcome you to the blog about contemporary art. Today I want to talk about painting, so this post is entirely dedicated to landscapes by Russian artists. In it you will find the most complete information about the work of Alexander Afonin, Alexey Savchenko and Viktor Bykov. All of them are not just talented, but divinely gifted individuals. Their creativity is multifaceted, original and skillful. They attract the attention of not only citizens of the Russian land, but also representatives and collectors from far abroad countries. Writing about them briefly is quite a difficult task, but we will try to summarize the information in order to present to your eyes only the most interesting and important from the lives of artists and their work. Well, let's move on to the landscapes of Russian artists?
Landscapes of the true Russian artist Alexander Afonin
Alexander Afonin is called a true Russian artist, a modern Shishkin, which is quite justified. He is a member of the International Federation of Artists UNESCO (1996) and has been awarded the title of Honored Artist of the Russian Federation since 2004. The artist was born in 1966 in Kursk. Started drawing at the age of 12. Gradually growing up, the young man began to be attracted to reproductions of world masterpieces of painting. Father Pavel was a support for Alexander, he explained to him the basics of drawing and tonality. Learning art at home, Afonin entered the Kursk Art School, from which he graduated in 1982.The period from 1982 to 1986 became a turning point for the artist for the rest of his life. In addition to the fact that during this time period Afonin received his education at the Zheleznogorsk Art School, it was then that he learned professionalism. Today Alexander considers this school one of the best in Russia.
Alexander Pavlovich Afonin prefers to paint landscapes not from photographs or in the office, but from nature. The artist claims that copying photographic landscapes is a good breeding ground for degradation, in particular, the loss of a sense of freshness and a sense of air. No wonder great masters like Levitan, Savrasov, Kuindzhi walked for kilometers in search of nature.
Thanks to his talent and hard work, in 1989 Afonin entered the Russian Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, which at that time was just beginning the history of its existence. Alexander graduated from graduate school, became an associate professor at the academic department of painting and drawing, and was also appointed head of a landscape workshop. Now Alexander Pavlovich is already a professor, head of the department and honored artist of his homeland. The artist believes that every remote corner of the Russian land can and should be captured in the field of high art.
The author’s paintings are so poetic and imbued with freshness that you don’t even want to take your eyes off one canvas to look at another. We wish you to receive a sea of positive emotions while viewing the landscapes of the Russian artist.
Nature landscapes of different seasons from Alexey Savchenko
Alexey Savchenko is a fairly young artist, but already recognizable and very promising. The main theme of his paintings, created thanks to the sketch style of painting, are small towns, half-forgotten villages, surviving churches, in a word, the outback of vast Russia. Savchenko specializes in natural landscapes of different seasons. As a rule, his paintings convey the nature of the central zone of the Russian Federation.Landscapes by Russian artist Alexey Savchenko They take it not by color, but by some capricious northern mood. , maximum color realism - perhaps this is what is very clearly visible in the author’s paintings.
Alexey Alexandrovich born in 1975. He was lucky to be born in the wonderful historical city of Sergiev Posad, the pearl of the “Golden Ring”, primarily known as a place of mass Orthodox pilgrimage.
In 1997, Alexey received the specialty of graphic designer, graduating from the All-Russian College of Toys. In 2001 - Faculty of Fine Arts and Folk Crafts at Moscow Pedagogical University. Since 2005 - member of the Creative Union of Artists of Russia. Constantly takes part in exhibitions of professional artists. Many of his works are among art collectors in Russia and abroad.
“Forest as if alive” by Russian artist Viktor Bykov
Viktor Aleksandrovich Bykov is a famous Russian landscape painter, the author of many works directly related to the beauty and lyricism of Russian nature. The artist was born in 1958. He started painting quite early. In 1980 he graduated from art school. In the period from 1988 to 1993, Viktor Bykov studied at the famous Stroganovka, which is now called the Moscow State Academy of Arts and Industry. S.G. Stroganov.
Today, the author’s style of painting in contemporary art circles is called naturalistic realism; in the old days of the last century they would have said “the forest is as if it were alive.” Rich tones in the hands of an experienced artist give the desired effect of living paintings. Barely connected lines, combined with textured thick layers of paint applied in a continuous array on the canvas, make the Russian artist’s original landscapes both bright and rich in detail. Through this technique, an enthusiastic feeling of the fantastic nature of the paintings, their fabulous infinity, is achieved.
The landscapes in the paintings of the Russian artist convey incredible realism; it seems as if they are telling about the nature of life of the sun's rays and, at the same time, moving transparent air in huge volumes. The artist’s paintings are full of harmonious colors, fresh images, and the mood of Mother Nature.
His winter ones are admirable, in which finely selected shades absolutely miraculously recreate various natural states - from the resistance of frost in the spring, the crystal freshness of a snowy morning to the mysterious silence of a late winter evening. The snow cover in the artist’s paintings makes one feel the structure of the snow, the graininess of its slender crystals.
Landscapes by Russian artist Viktor Bykov popular both in their native Fatherland and abroad (private collections in France and Germany). Reproductions of the artist are used in decorative designs, even when creating patterns for embroidery. And who knows, perhaps we come across Victor’s work much more often, unfocused, incognito, without attaching much importance to it, or mentally giving ourselves up to dreams of colorful landscapes of the Russian land and its talented artists.
To complete the post, watch a wonderful video about classical landscapes by Russian artists:
Russian forest in paintings by Russian artists
"I hope the time will come when all Russian nature
alive and spiritual, will look from the canvases of Russian artists" (I.I. Shishkin)
The nature of Russia is diverse and unique. Wonderful Russian poets sang its beauty in their poems: Zhukovsky V.A., Pushkin A.S., Tyutchev F.I., Fet A.A., Nekrasov N.A., Nikitin I.S. and others. And then we saw Russian nature in the paintings of landscape artists: I. Shishkin, A. Kuindzhi, I. Ostroukhov, I. Levitan, V. Polenov, G. Myasoedov, A. Gerasimov, A. Savrasov, V. Nikonov and many others painters.
IN In the paintings of Russian artists we see how landscapes of nature convey that thin invisible line that separates us from it. Nature in painting reflects the world in which it is not man who dominates nature, but nature who dominates him. A world where colors heighten feelings of unity with nature. Seasons in painting are a special theme in the landscapes of nature paintings by Russian artists, because nothing touches as sensitively as the change in the appearance of nature according to the seasons. Along with the season, the mood of nature changes, which the artist’s brushes convey with ease in paintings.
Nature -... Not a cast, not a soulless face - It has a soul, it has freedom, It has love, it has a language... (“Not what you think, nature..." ,F.I. Tyutchev)Ostroukhov.I.S.
Ostroukhov I.S. 
Ostroukhov I.S. 
Polenov V.D. 
Shishkin I.I. 
Shishkin I.I. 
Shishkin I.I. 
Kuindzhi A.I. 
Kuindzhi A.I. 
Zhukovsky S.Yu. 
Levitan I.I. 
Levitan I.I. 
Levitan I.I. 
Levitan I.I. 
Petrovichev P.I. 
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