The Diamond Fund of Russia is a collection of unique works of jewelry art, rare gems and nuggets. Among the most significant exhibits of the Diamond Fund are the large and small imperial crowns, the imperial scepter with the Orlov diamond.
Bunker-42 on Taganka
Bunker-42 on Taganka is one of the most interesting and unusual museums in Moscow. It is located in a unique place - in the former secret military facility of the USSR ZKP "Tagansky", or GO-42. The complex was built during the Cold War, in the 50s of the last century, and belonged to the Ministry of Defense.
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Zurab Tsereteli Art Gallery
The Zurab Tsereteli Art Gallery in Moscow is a place that provides an excellent opportunity to get acquainted with the work of the famous sculptor and painter: many of his works are collected within these walls. The exhibition complex often hosts national and international exhibitions.
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State Museum of A. S. Pushkin in Moscow
The main exposition is located in an old building - the Khrushchev-Seleznyov estate, built after the Moscow fire of 1812. Now the building has been restored, the decoration from the time of Pushkin - the beginning of the 19th century has been preserved here, which gives the museum a special atmosphere.
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House-Museum of V. M. Vasnetsov
Behind the forest of new buildings in the Meshchansky district of Moscow lies a magical hut - the House-Museum of V. M. Vasnetsov. Combining historical and cultural significance, this attraction has been attracting many tourists from all over Russia for several decades.
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Izmailovsky Kremlin
The architectural ensemble of the Izmailovsky Kremlin was created according to the drawings and engravings of the royal residence of the 16th-17th centuries. The territory of the new Kremlin is rich in museums, where you can make a kind of journey into the past. This is the museum of Russian costume, and the museum of bread, and the museum of felt boots, and the museum of bells, and the museum of fairy tales.
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Historical Museum in Moscow
In the very heart of the capital, on Red Square, the building of the Historical Museum, the largest national museum in Russia, rises like an old Russian tower. The collection has a huge number of exhibits (almost 4.5 million) that tell about Russian history from ancient times to the present day.
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Moscow Kremlin
The Moscow Kremlin - the main attraction of the city - is located in the very center of the capital of Russia. Its powerful walls and towers, golden-domed temples, ancient chambers and palaces rise on Borovitsky Hill above the Moskva River and form an architectural and artistic ensemble of unique beauty and grandeur.
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Moscow Planetarium
The Moscow Planetarium, opened in 1929, is the oldest in Russia and one of the largest in the world. Today, the Planetarium operates the Urania Museum, the Lunarium, the Sky Park with the Large and Small Observatories (which are closed for the winter period until May), a 4D cinema and the Small Star Hall.
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Bulgakov Museum in Moscow
State Museum. M. A. Bulgakov in Moscow is the only museum dedicated to the life and work of the greatest Russian writer Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov. In 2010, the museum's exposition was replenished with pieces of furniture and things from the writer's last apartment in Nashchokinsky Lane, 3/5.
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Tretyakov Gallery
The Tretyakov Gallery is the most famous art museum in the capital, founded by the merchant Pavel Tretyakov in 1856. Today it is a large state cultural institution, which includes several museums, the main of which remains the museum complex in Lavrushinsky Lane.
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You can visit Moscow museums absolutely free of charge and at unusual times of the day during the annual Night of Museums in Moscow
Gold and diamonds
The treasures of the Russian Empire are, perhaps, a universal magnet for all categories of “museum walkers” - both foreigners and Russians, and Muscovites themselves are fascinated by the scepters and orbs, coronation dresses and gilded carriages, gold nuggets and unique diamonds in the two main state depositories of valuables - the Armory and the Diamond Fund (both in the Kremlin).
Canvases and statues
The marble masterpieces of Michelangelo and Rodin and the creations of almost all the famous painters of the planet are kept in the art museums of Moscow - the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, the Tretyakov Gallery, the Central House of Artists and the Museum of Modern Art. The number of originals not only by Russians (which is understandable), but also by foreign masters of the brush is amazing - it seems that all the famous paintings of the Impressionists and a good half of the heritage of other European artists have found shelter in Moscow. In the halls you can see the masterpieces of Botticelli, Rembrandt, Renoir, Manet and Monet, Cezanne, Gauguin, Matisse, Picasso, Toulouse-Lautrec, Constable, Picasso, Dali and many others. Museums regularly host exhibitions from the collections of the largest museum collections in the world, and the Central House of Artists also works as an exhibition and trading platform.
Artifacts and Antiquities
Enthusiastic followers of Clio will not be disappointed by Moscow history museums. Magnificent expositions of artifacts from the depths of centuries - from the diggers of a primitive man to the originals of iconic documents of the 20th century are displayed in the Historical Museum on Red Square (4.5 million exhibits!) And its branches, the Museum of Victory and others. We hasten to assure you that the dust of centuries here smells exclusively of valuable exhibits, and not of museums as such - many expositions are created with the latest technology. What are at least the dioramas of the Great Patriotic War or millions of tears-beads, "dripping" from the heights of the dome in the Hall of Memory and Sorrow. Antiquities of a different kind are presented in the Paleontological Museum - one of the largest museums in the world in terms of the number of fossil artifacts. Here you can see the remains of ancient life, from the prints of invertebrates and prehistoric ferns to 20-meter skeletons of mammoths.
For walkers
Those who wish to combine business with pleasure are invited to the museum-reserves and estates of Moscow: Kolomenskoye and Kuskovo, Tsaritsyno, Ostankino and Arkhangelskoye. Thematic gardens have been laid out on vast territories and a bunch of landscape decorations have been invented, white-skinned marble maidens, bashfully, but not too convincingly covering their charms with folds of chitons, pour water from bottomless jugs, and front entrances are guarded by hairy stone lions. Manor buildings can be safely considered masterpieces of architecture: palaces, galleries, outbuildings, grottoes and all kinds of houses were built by the best architects of the 18-19 centuries, and unique materials were used for their decoration. The grotto in the Kuskovo estate, for example, is lined with 24 types of sea shells, and in Ostankino, the Theater Hall, the richly decorated home theater of the Sheremetev count family, stands out in particular. Well, the famous hipped-roof church in Kolomenskoye is generally one of the symbols of Moscow. The estates have permanent exhibitions that are not inferior in value to museum collections: Kuskovo, for example, invites you to the Museum of Ceramics, where you can see rare examples of faience and glass from different countries, from antiquity to the present.
For naturalists
Brought up on the books of Grzimek and Drozdov's programs, they will find rest for their souls in the Moscow museums of flora and fauna. The first place among them is undoubtedly occupied by the Darwin Museum - one of the most significant natural science repositories in Europe. Its expositions tell about evolution "from and to" (at least to its current "peak"), give an idea of the diversity of life on earth, natural selection, heredity and other aspects of Darwin's theory. There are also unique collections here, the envy of zoologists from all over the world - a collection of stuffed albinos and melanists from different animal kingdoms. Another temple of natural sciences is the Zoological Museum at Moscow State University. Its systematic exposition presents all groups of modern animals, from unicellular to birds and mammals. A special mention deserves the lovely scientific terrarium, where you can see a collection of live reptiles, including recently discovered species. Well, you can look at the diversity of life on Earth "from above" by visiting the recently opened Moscow Planetarium. Its halls are equipped with the latest technology, there are a lot of interactive exhibits and an interesting half-hour film about our Universe is regularly shown.
For talent lovers
Can't you imagine life without belles-lettres? Welcome to the chambers of the geniuses of artistic thought: the Pushkin Museum on Prechistenka and his memorial apartment on the Arbat, Turgenev's house on Ostozhenka, the Mayakovsky Museum, Bulgakov's "Bad Apartment", the houses-museums of Chekhov, Tolstoy, Yesenin, Dostoevsky ... Here you can fully breathe in the creative vibes fluttering in the air, plunge into the real atmosphere of the creation of famous works, see personal items, wardrobe items, manuscripts and notebooks. Museum shops sell facsimiles of handwritten pages and numerous materials on the writers' biographies. The most extensive museum - of course, "our everything": an abundance of halls and exhibits, as well as a lot of thematic cultural events. Bulgakov's apartment No. 50 enjoys special love of the public - indescribable energies are rushing here, and a thick cat's tail seems to have just flashed in the doorway.
Favorite city of Dmitry Donskoy.
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When planning a future vacation in Moscow, it is worthwhile to study in advance not only hotels, restaurants and attractions, but also prices and car rental conditions. Well, the lineup, of course. Renting a car in Moscow without a driver is inexpensive without a mileage limit - we created this page just for such purposes. It can be useful!
A unique opportunity to travel through time and space is provided by museums, which contain exhibits of various national cultures created by the hands of both modern masters and famous ancestors. The topic of the article is the most famous and great museums in the world that you should visit.
general review
What criteria are taken as a basis?
- One of the most important is attendance. The leader is the French Louvre, whose record is approaching 10 million people. In second place is the British Museum (about 8 million). The Metropolitan Museum (USA) and the Vatican Museum are respectively third and fourth in the rankings. Each of them exceeded the attendance threshold of 6 million.
- Footprint. The leader here is again the Louvre, although officially it is assigned the third position (160 thousand square meters). Formally, it is ahead of, for example, the Art Museum of Japan (Tokyo), but the exhibition area of the Louvre is the most impressive (58 thousand square meters).
- The greatest museums in the world are determined by the number of exhibits and their historical value.
- Another criterion is the choice of travelers. The Traveller's Choice competition is held annually, which has the "Museums of the World" nomination. In 2016, the Metropolitan Museum of Art topped the rating, and the top ten included the Art Institute of Chicago, the Hermitage (third position) and the very young September 11 Museum (USA), opened in 2013. Its expositions are dedicated to the tragic events in New York.
Greatest Louvre (France)
Before becoming a museum, the Louvre was a fortress, and then the residence of the kings of France. Its expositions were presented to the public in 1793, during the Great Bourgeois Revolution. The unique collection was formed by King Francis I and constantly replenished. Its treasuries today contain more than 300,000 exhibits, 35,000 of which are on display for visitors at the same time: from Egyptian and Phoenician antiquities to modern sculptures and jewelry.
The most valuable works of art are the statues of Venus de Milo and Nike of Samothrace, Delacroix and the great Rembrandt. Art lovers come to see the masterpiece of the outstanding Renaissance master Leonard da Vinci - "Mona Lisa". In 1911, the painting was stolen by an Italian from Perugia, but returned 27 months later after lengthy negotiations with Italy. All the greatest museums in the world ensure the preservation of paintings. "Mona Lisa" is the only exhibit that is not insured by the state, because it is considered priceless.
Today, the museum, located on Rue Rivoli in the center of Paris, includes the Old and New Louvre. In 1989, the American Yong Ming Pei implemented a project to unite the Louvre into a single complex. A special entrance was built in the form of a glass pyramid, which made it possible to triple the number of visitors.
British Museum (London)
The date of its foundation (1753) is impressive. The beginning of the collection was laid by the doctor Hans Sloan, a collector of ancient manuscripts, books, plants and medals. Today it is the largest historical and archaeological repository in Great Britain, where about 13 million exhibits are collected. They are placed in 100 galleries on a territorial and chronological basis. The pearls of the exposition are the marbles of the Parthenon, attributed to the Greek sculptor Phidias, who made it possible to decipher the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, a piece of the beard of the Great Sphinx from Giza. The world's greatest museums have formed rich collections by robbing colonial countries.
In the 19th century, the old building was demolished, and in its place, the architect Robert Smike built a unique neoclassical building. Located in the Bloomsbury area, in the 20th century it underwent redevelopment (Foster's project), acquiring a modern look. A feature of the museum is the creation on its basis in 1972 of a separate structure - the British Library.
Vatican Museums - a single complex
It is generally accepted that the complex occupies the largest area. The impression is formed due to the high density of exhibits per unit area. The entire Vatican is located on just half a square kilometer, while the museum's fund is 50 thousand paintings, sculptures and jewelry. All the greatest museums in the world (photos are presented in the article) have unique features.
The main shrine of this is the Sistine Chapel, where since the 15th century it has been painted with frescoes by the great Michelangelo, it is the crown of the creation of human hands. To get there, you need to go through dozens of museum halls, enjoying the magnificence of Catholic churches, tombs and paintings by Raphael and other artists.
The small state itself can be viewed as a single museum of architectural monuments, the construction of which began in the 14th century.
Metropolitan Museum of Art (USA)
The New York Museum ranks first among Traveller's Choice laureates, although it was founded in a later period - in 1870. It began with private collections donated to the state and exhibited in the premises of the dance school. At the turn of the century, the main building was built by the architect Hyde , and a little later - the side wings of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, representing a number of buildings of different times.They are connected by stairs and passages, storing 3 million works of art.Here is the largest collection created by the Costume Institute.
Not all of the world's greatest museums, which are described in the article, can boast of holding large-scale events, such as the annual Met Gala charity ball with the participation of world stars. In 2016, the Costume Institute celebrated its 70th anniversary.
National Prado Museum
The painting of the great Spaniards is presented in Madrid. The National Museum was founded in 1785 and has collected large-scale collections of paintings by Goya, Velasquez, Zurbaran and El Greco. There are also works by great Italian and Flemish masters, samples of ancient coins, jewelry and porcelain. Since 1819, the museum has been housed in the current classicist building (architect Villanueva) and is open to visitors. On an area of 58 thousand square meters. meters exhibited 1300 works, and the rest (more than 20 thousand) are stored in storerooms.
The world's greatest museums often have branches. The contemporary art of the Prado is presented in Villahermosa Palace. A feature of the Spanish museum is the restrained elegance of the buildings, in contrast to the Louvre and the Hermitage, which we will dwell on below.
Hermitage (St. Petersburg)
The name is translated from French as a secluded place, but today it is one of the most visited in the world. Founded by Catherine at the end of the 18th century, the museum has the title of the best in 2014. Under Nicholas I, the collection became so large that the doors of the Imperial Palace opened to the public. Today, 3 million works of art delight the eye of visitors, telling a story from the Stone Age. Of particular interest are the Diamond and Gold Storerooms of the Hermitage, where an additional ticket is required.
The great Russian museums are located in buildings of cultural and historical significance for the country. The Hermitage consists of five buildings spread out on the banks of the Neva (Palace Embankment). Luxurious Winter Palace in baroque style by architect B. Rastrelli is the decoration of St. Petersburg and the greatest historical monument.
This incredible underwater museum, with dozens of life-sized sculptures, is used as artificial coral reefs for local flora and fauna.
2. Hermann Boerhaave Museum. City of Leiden, Netherlands
Before becoming a museum dedicated to human mutations, before mutation became a great discovery in medicine, botany and physiology, this building was a simple hospital. Now in it you can see the collection of Sebald Justinus Brugmans, which includes jars, test tubes and various kinds of mutations in them.
3. Museum of instant noodles Momofuku Ando. Osaka city, Japan
5. Divorce Museum. City of Zagreb, Croatia
Every item in this collection - whether it's a wedding dress or even an axe - has its own story in the final stages of a failed relationship.
6. Museum of bad art. City of Beston, Massachusetts
This museum features the works of famous artists who have gone awry, as well as strange copies of paintings by other artists.
7. Sewer Museum of Paris. City of Paris, France
Believe it or not. But this museum dedicated to the sewers of Paris was founded in the Paris sewers in 1800, and it is still active today. It presents many historical exhibits and not necessarily on the theme of its name.
8. Mutter Museum. City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
This museum boasts hundreds of specimens of skulls and skeletons showing numerous pathologies in the human structure.
9. Museum of dog collars. City of Kent, England
This museum has collected accessories for man's best friend for five centuries.
10. Museum of death. City of Los Angeles, California City of New Orleans, Louisiana
According to its creators, the museum was founded in 1995 "so that visitors can find out the whole truth hidden from them in the media regarding some events related to the death or murder of people." The museum does not conduct tours. Each visitor can independently examine everything, which will take about an hour.
The museum itself, in addition to numerous autopsy documents, videos and photographs from crime scenes, also contains the head of Bluebeard, a French serial killer.
11. Vent-Heyvan Museum. City of Fort Havan, Kentucky
This museum has amassed an incredible collection of posters and photographs that describe the history of the talking dolls. It is worth a visit if you are not confused by the sight of hundreds of dolls watching you from the very beginning to the end of your visit to the museum.
12. Museum of paintings "Cat's House". City of Amsterdam, Netherlands
This museum has collected an incredible collection of sculptures, paintings and other utensils about cats. All of them indicate that these hairballs are an integral part of human life.
13. Museum of Bread Culture. City of Ulm, Germany
Despite the fact that this museum has collected 16,000 relics related to baking, there are almost no examples of baking or recipes for it in this museum.
14. House of Winchesters. City of San Jose, California
In 1884, the house was purchased by Sarah Winchester, widow of William Winchester, son of Oliver Winchester, inventor of the famous rifle.
After her husband's death, Sarah had an audience with a medium in Boston who "communicated with the spirit of her late husband." The spirit of the deceased allegedly reported that Sarah's misfortunes (the death of her only daughter shortly after birth, the relatively early death of William) are due to the fact that the family is cursed with those who died from a rifle created by his father. In order to avoid further problems, the woman must build a special house in which the spirits cannot harm her. The widow bought the house and spent almost all of her millions on rebuilding it.
15. Museum of British lawn mowers. City of Southport, England
Not only does this museum have 200-year-old lawn mowers, but visitors are also allowed to try out the lawn mowers used by Princess Diana and Prince Charles.
16. Jurassic Technology Museum. City of Los Angeles, California
The name of the museum has nothing to do with dinosaurs. Here is a whole collection of scientific and artistic rarities.
According to the head of the Smithsonian Institution, "Museums like this, unlike most others, are very important because they show the history of the development of scientific technology, which kindle people's interest in science."
Despite the fact that some of the exhibits, such as the decaying bones of the Russian dogs Belka and Strelka, are fake, the guides still show them as genuine. Visitors have something to discuss among themselves.
17. Barney Smith Art Museum. City of San Antonio, Texas
Retired plumber Barney Smith has created over 1,000 works of art on toilet lids. At first, for 10 years, he collected his works in his old garage, but when journalists found out about his collection and crowds of people began to come to him, the garage was rebuilt into a real museum.
Today, there are about one hundred thousand museums all over the world, and this figure is not accurate, since new ones are periodically opened and already created ones are being developed. In every corner of the world, even in the smallest settlements, there are local history or other museums dedicated to a particular topic. Everyone knows the largest museums in the world: some contain the maximum number of exhibits, while others amaze with their scope and area.
Major art museums
If we take European fine art, then one of the largest collections is collected in Uffizi galleries in Italy. The gallery is located in the Florentine Palace of the times of 1560 and consists of paintings by the most famous creators of the world: Raphael, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, Lippi and Botticelli.
No less famous is one of the largest museums of fine arts -. The beginning of the founding of the museum falls at the end of the 18th century, when it was decided to make the royal collection the property and heritage of culture, to give everyone the opportunity to look at it. The most complete collections of works by Bosch, Goya, El Greco and Velazquez are stored there.
Among the largest museums, it is worth noting Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin in Moscow. There are priceless collections of works by French impressionists, collections of Western European painting.
The largest art museums in the world
The most famous among the largest art is considered to be Hermitage. A museum complex of five buildings, where exhibits from the Stone Age to the 20th century are located. Initially, it was only a private collection of Catherine II, consisting of works by Dutch and Flemish artists.
One of the largest art museums is Subway in New York. Its founders were several businessmen who revered art and knew a lot about it. Initially, three private collections formed the basis, then the exposition began to grow rapidly. To date, the main support for the museum is provided by sponsors, the state practically does not take part in development. Surprisingly, you can get into one of the largest museums in the world for a nominal fee, even just asking for a ticket at the ticket office window without money.
Among the largest museums in the world, both in terms of the number of exhibits and the area occupied, their places of honor are occupied by Gugong in China and Cairo Egyptian Museum. Gugun is a huge architectural and museum complex, which is about three times the size of the Moscow Kremlin. Each of the museums has its own special history and is worthy of the attention of tourists.
Tourists and travelers, being in a particular country, try to visit the most significant museums. So in St. Petersburg - this is the Hermitage, in London - this is the British Museum, and in the capital of France - the Louvre.
The most famous museum in London
The most famous museum in London is the British Museum. Its foundation was initiated by the government in the middle of the eighteenth century. Just six years after the emergence of such an idea and the expressed initiative, the museum invited the first visitors. Thousands of people were involved in its creation and development.The British Museum has two more names, the first is the Museum of Stolen Masterpieces, the second is the Museum of All Civilizations. All names are fully justified. Most of the treasures presented there were not obtained in a completely honest way. So, the Rosetta Stone, which helped in deciphering the ancient hieroglyphs, was taken along with other ancient Egyptian monuments from Napoleon's army.
A similar story happened with the sculptural friezes of the Parthenon - they were taken out of Greece by a certain English lord on the written order of the Turkish government. In a similar way, the collection of this museum was replenished with sculptures of the temple of Artemis in Ephesus, and sculptures of the mausoleum in Halicarnassus, and a number of other works of art. It should be noted that the exposition of the British Museum itself is not very large. In terms of the size of the exposition, the National Gallery is in first place in London.
The most famous museums in Russia
The most famous museums in Russia are the Tretyakov Gallery, located in the capital of Russia, and the world-famous Hermitage in St. Petersburg. The Hermitage is considered one of the largest cultural and historical museums in the world. It owes its origins to the personal collection of Catherine II. This museum was formed and opened to visitors in the middle of the nineteenth century. The date of its foundation is considered to be 1764, when the empress acquired a huge collection of Western European paintings. To date, this museum is represented by almost three million works of art, monuments of world culture. The Hermitage is represented by several majestic buildings, where the main one is the Winter Palace. All these buildings are located near the embankment of the Neva River.A huge collection of Russian fine art on a global scale is represented by the Tretyakov Gallery. This collection is recognized as the most significant on a global scale, for which the Russians should be grateful to the merchant Pavel Tretyakov. The history of the gallery began precisely with his personal and largest collection at that time, made up of works of Russian art.
Vatican Museum
The Vatican Museum is recognized as the largest museum in the world. Its exposition is fifty thousand objects presented in the halls, the number of which is one thousand four hundred. In order to simply bypass all these halls, you need to walk about seven kilometers.The first place that almost all visitors want to get to is the Sistine Chapel. The structure of the museum is such that if you want to get into the Vatican Pinakothek, which is one of the farthest halls, visitors must go through all the previous halls. Naturally, it is impossible to see a significant part of the museum even in a day. In order to have time to see all the most interesting, you can start from the Egyptian Museum, then follow the famous Belvedere, and then to the Raphael Stanzas and the Sistine Chapel. It is the chapel that is called the main shrine of the museum.
It is known that the construction of the Vatican began in the fourth century, when the church of St. Peter and the residence of the high priest were laid. In the ninth century, fortified walls appeared, and in the thirteenth century a vast new papal cloister was built.
Despite the small territory owned by the Vatican, fabulous treasures are concentrated there. They accumulated gradually, but over the years the collection became so huge that it became necessary to create several museums.
The Louvre is the most famous museum in the world
The Louvre is the largest art museum in the world. Every tourist visiting Paris tries to get to the Louvre. At one time it was a castle of the French kings, which was built in 1190 by Philip Augustus. It became a museum only in 1793 and then opened to visitors. The area occupied by the Louvre is one hundred and ninety-five thousand square meters. The area occupied by the exposition is sixty thousand six hundred square meters. The Louvre collection has about 400 thousand exhibitsThe most impressive is the painting department. Arriving there, you can see the works of Rembrandt, Caravaggio, Rubens, Goya, Vermeer and Titian. By the way, according to the site, it is in the Louvre that the most mysterious and famous painting in the world, the Mona Lisa, is located.
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