This term has other meanings, see Rail transport (meanings). A retro train on the Great Central Railway, led by a steam locomotive GWR 5101 Railway ... Wikipedia
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We know about cable cars, highways, railway lines and so on. Each of them has its own champion - there are the straightest, longest, fastest roads.
The longest cable car
The highest and longest cable car in the world started operating in 2010 in Armenia. Its length is five kilometers seven hundred meters. The construction was carried out by the Swiss company Garaventa. The cost of construction amounted to thirteen million euros. It leads to the monastery of Tatev. Between the two stations, three pillars were built: one above the village of Halidzor, the second near the Tatev Monastery. The cabin of the cable car can accommodate up to twenty-five people and can accelerate up to thirty-seven kilometers per hour. The cable car in Armenia has the lyrical name Wings of Tatev Tatev Monastery is one of the brightest monuments of medieval architecture in Armenia. The construction of the cable car was of great importance for the country. The fact is that before the appearance of the cable car, it was not easy to get into the monastery complex, since the road leading to it was impassable. Now, to overcome the entire journey by cable car, you need to spend only eleven minutes.
The longest road in Russia
The longest railway in Russia is the Trans-Siberian Railway. Its construction began in 1891. The length is nine thousand two hundred and eighty eight kilometers. It stretched across the entire Eurasian continent. Its second name is the Great Siberian Way. The Trans-Siberian Railway is the longest road in Russia. Its length is more than 9 thousand km.
Among the world's roads, the longest was built in Russia.
We are talking about the Amur federal highway, which connects the Center of Russia with the Far East. The history of the M58 Chita-Khabarovsk highway has more than one decade. It was built in parts. The idea of the Moscow tract, which would run parallel to the Trans-Siberian Railway, was first born in 1905. Military road builders began construction only in 1978. The road had to pass through the impenetrable taiga. Fifteen years later, only six hundred kilometers of the track were built, not of the best quality. The road from Khabarovsk to Chita took five days. Only at the end of the twentieth century, the question of completing the construction of the Amur highway again arose. Khabarovsk-Chita is the last constructed section of the longest highway. Thanks to the Federal Target Program, the construction of the road continued. Now there is through traffic between Vladivostok and Moscow. The length of the Amur highway is two thousand ninety-seven kilometers. It has almost two thousand artificial structures and two hundred and eighty bridges.
The longest railway
The longest railroad is located in Russia and is called the Trans-Siberian Railway. It stretched for nine thousand, two hundred and eighty-eight kilometers across all of Eurasia, passing through all the major outlets to Europe and Asia, capturing the port cities of the Pacific Ocean. About a hundred million tons are transported along this highway every year. The beginning of the Trans-Siberian Railway is considered the Yaroslavsky railway station in Moscow, and its end is the Vladivostok railway station in the Golden Horn Bay (Sea of Japan).
The longest high-speed railway is in China.
In 2012, the longest high-speed railway began to operate in China. The length of the branch was two thousand two hundred kilometers. It stretches from Guangzhou to Beijing. Trains move along it at a speed of three hundred kilometers per hour and cover the entire journey in just eight hours. During the journey, the train makes thirty-five stops. By comparison, the journey from Guangzhou to Beijing used to take twenty-two hours. Up to 200,000 people travel along this road every day. In terms of the length of high-speed railways, China occupies a leading position. On a long section of the expressway, trains travel at a speed of 300 km / h. There is another longest railway - a toy plastic one. It was built in Shanghai. The longest plastic track is two kilometers eight hundred and eighty eight meters long and consists of almost fourteen thousand sections. Thomas the Tank Engine was launched along this toy railroad. The previous record for the longest plastic railroad was held by Japan, but the length of the last track was twenty percent less.
The longest straight road in the world
The straightest, most boring and longest road in the world is the Eyre Highway. There is nothing on the sides of the road to catch your eye, there are no picturesque landscapes, no villages, no cities, no natural water, no motels, that is, absolutely nothing even a little interesting. The longest straight road in the world is in Australia. The length of this straight highway is one thousand two hundred kilometers. It stretches along the Nullabor valley from Norseman to Siduna. This high-quality good road can be driven by any car. Some variety in this trip can be made by large wild animals, sometimes going out at dusk to take a walk along the highway.
The longest direct railway in Russia - Moscow-St. Petersburg
The United States of America has the longest rail network in the world, followed by China and India. We present to your attention the longest railways in the world based on their total operating length.
And so, let's go!
United States: 250 thousand km
With over 250,000 km, the US rail network is the largest in the world. Freight lines make up about 80% of the entire railway network of the country, and the total length of the passenger line is about 35,000 km.
The US freight rail network consists of 538 railroads (7 Class I railroads, 21 regional railroads, and 510 local railroads) operated by private organizations. Union Pacific Railroad and BNSF Railway are among the largest freight rail networks in the world. Amtrak's national passenger rail network includes more than 30 rail routes connecting 500 destinations in 46 US states.
The US currently has a plan to build a 27,000 km national high-speed rail system by 2030. Construction of high-speed rail in California, the nation's first high-speed rail project, already began in 2014. Three other high-speed projects are also under development, including a Midwest high-speed rail line connecting Chicago to Indianapolis or St. Louis, Texas high-speed rail, and the Northeast High-Speed Corridor.
China: 100 thousand km
With a length of more than 100,000 km, China's railway network ranks second in the world. In 2013, the extensive network operated by the state-owned China Railway Corporation had 2.08 billion passengers (the second largest after Indian Railways) and 3.22 billion tons of cargo (the second largest after the US rail network).
The railway in China is the main mode of transport. The country's railway network includes more than 90,000 km of conventional rail routes and about 10,000 km of high-speed lines. By 2050, the country's total railway network should exceed 270,000 km.
The rapid expansion of China's high-speed rail network in recent years makes it the largest in the world. The Beijing-Guangzhou High-Speed Line (2,298 km) is the world's longest high-speed rail line. According to forecasts, by 2020 the total length of China's high-speed rail network will reach 50,000 km.
Russia: 85,500 km
The entire Russian railway network, operated by the state-owned monopoly Russian Railways (RZD), comprises over 85,500 km. In 2013, Russian Railways carried 1.08 billion passengers and 1.2 billion tons of cargo, the third largest volume of cargo after the US and China.
The Russian rail network includes 12 main lines, many of which provide direct links to European and Asian national rail systems such as Finland, France, Germany, Poland, China, Mongolia and North Korea. The Trans-Siberian Railway (Moscow-Vladivostok line) with a length of 9.289 km is the longest and one of the busiest railway lines in the world.
In 2009, Russian Railways launched a high-speed express between St. Petersburg and Moscow (Sapsan), which was not particularly successful due to the fact that its movement proceeds along the same lines as conventional trains. Following this, a dedicated high-speed corridor was planned between the two cities, with a proposed investment of $35 billion.
India: 65 thousand km
India's nationwide rail network, the fourth largest in the world, is owned and operated by State Indian Railways and includes over 65,000 km of operational route. In 2013, the Indian railway network carried about 8 billion passengers (1st in the world) and 1.01 million tons of cargo (4th in terms of volume in the world).
The Indian railway network is divided into 17 zones and serves more than 19,000 trains per day, including 12,000 passenger and 7,000 freight. By 2017, the national railway operator planned to add 4,000 km of new lines, as well as significantly transform existing ones. It also plans to build a 3,338 km exclusive freight network with the implementation of the Eastern and Western Specialized Freight Corridors (DFC) - two of the six planned dedicated freight corridors.
As a pilot project, a 534 km high-speed line is being built in the country on the Mumbai-Ahmedabad route with an estimated investment of $9.65 billion.
Canada: 48 thousand km
Canada's railway lines are the fifth largest in the world. Canadian National Railway (CN) and Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) are the two major rail transport networks operating in the country, with Via Rail operating 12,500 km of intercity passenger rail service. Algoma Central Railway and Ontario Northland Railway are among the few smaller rail operators that provide passenger service to some rural areas of the country.
Three Canadian cities - Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver - have extensive commuter rail systems. In addition, Rocky Mountaineer and Royal Canadian Pacific offer luxury rail tours that take in the beauty of the country's scenic highlands.
However, Canada does not have a single high-speed line on its rail network. Until recently, there have been many proposals for high-speed lines such as Toronto-Montreal, Calgary-Edmonton and Montreal-Boston, but none of them have gone beyond preliminary studies since January 2014.
Germany: 41 thousand km
The state-owned Deutsche Bahn operates a 41,000 km rail network, which accounts for about 80% of total freight traffic and 99% of long-distance passenger traffic.
In addition to Deutsche Bahn, more than 150 private railway companies operate on the network, providing regional passenger and freight services. The S-Bahn serves the main suburban and urban areas, and the Hamburg Cologne Express (HKX) is a major long-distance passenger operator after Deutsche Bahn.
Since mid-2013, the German rail network has had over 1,300 km of high-speed lines and over 400 km of new high-speed lines under construction. In 1991, Deutsche Bahn launched the InterCity Express (ICE) high-speed service for the first time. Now, a high-speed network that allows express trains to reach speeds of up to 320 km/h connects major German cities and neighboring countries such as France, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands and Austria.
Australia: 40 thousand km
The Australian rail network is the seventh largest in the world. Much of the rail network's infrastructure is owned and maintained by the Australian government, either at the federal or state level. However, most trains are operated by private companies.
Aurizon (formerly QR National), Genesee and Wyoming Australia, and Pacific National are among the country's major freight operators. Great Southern Railway, NSW TrainLink and Queensland Rail are leading long haul freight operators. Metro Trains Melbourne, Sydney Trains, V/Line and Adelaide Metro provide commuter passenger services to major areas of Australia. In addition, a number of private mountain railways operate in the country.
The Australian rail network currently does not have a high-speed line. So far, there are only plans for its construction - it should connect Brisbane, Sydney, Canberra and Melbourne. The estimated construction cost is $114 billion, but the first phase of the 1,748-kilometer high-speed network will not be implemented until 2035.
Argentina: 36 thousand km
Argentina's current rail network of over 36,000 km ranks eighth in the world. At the end of the Second World War, there were about 47,000 km of railway lines in Argentina, which were operated mainly by British and French railway companies. But declining profits and increased highway construction in the following decades reduced the network to 36,000 km, which remains at that level to this day. In 1948, the railway companies operating on the network were nationalized and the state railway corporation Ferrocarriles Argentinos was formed.
The Argentine Railway was privatized between 1992 and 1995, with concessions being granted to various private companies to operate six divisions of the formerly state-owned railway network. Cities such as Buenos Aires, Resistencia and Mendoza offer extensive commuter passenger services as well as long distance domestic passenger services.
The oft-discussed Argentinean high-speed rail is still only a dream. In 2006, the development of a 310 km high-speed line between Buenos Aires and Rosario was announced. However, the project was not implemented. A second high-speed line of 400 km between Rosario and Cordoba has also been proposed.
France: 29 thousand km
The French rail network is the second largest in Europe and the ninth largest in the world. The French rail network is predominantly passenger oriented. More than 50% of the country's railway lines are electrified. Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Français (SNCF) is the country's main rail operator.
Long distance high-speed passenger services in the country are known as Train à Grande Vitesse (TGV) and standard long distance passenger services are branded Intercités. Short to medium distance passenger transport services are known as Transport Express Régional (TER). The network offers links to neighboring countries such as Belgium, Italy and the UK.
France was one of the first contributors to develop technology for high-speed rail - SNCF commissioned the TGV high-speed rail in 1981. The country's current high-speed network exceeds 1,550 km. The Tours-Bordeaux S-Bahn project, due to be completed in 2017, will add another 302 km.
Brazil: 28 thousand km
The first railway line in Brazil started operating in 1984. In 1957, the railway network was nationalized and the Rede Ferroviária Federal Sociedade Anônima (RFFSA) was created. The country's rail network has been divided into various services, which have been operated by a number of private and public operators since 2007.
The 28,000 km network is mainly focused on freight and iron ore. Passenger transportation services in the country are mainly concentrated in urban and suburban areas. Eight Brazilian cities have a metro system, the largest being the São Paulo Metro.
In 2012, the Brazilian government announced the construction of 10,000 km of new freight and high-speed passenger lines by 2042. The country also plans to build a high-speed rail link between Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro with a length of 511 km.
Everyone is familiar with the Guinness Book of Records, which captures all the most unusual human achievements. The tallest man in the world, the shortest, the fastest, as well as the largest building or the most gigantic sculpture of coins - all this contains this book. Have you ever thought about the longest railway in the world? What is she?
Trans-Siberian Railway
This is the name of the longest railway in the world. More than 100 years have passed since the day of its construction, because the construction was completed in the distant 1916, and began in 1891. But to this day, it remains the longest railway in the world, connecting the capital of Russia with Vladivostok. On its way lie the largest industrial cities, such as Kirov, Perm, Yekaterinburg, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Taishent, Irkutsk, Khabarovsk.
The total length of the Trans-Siberian Railway is 9.289 km. It is capable of handling up to 100 million tons per year. In 2002, full electrification took place.
The population of such a world is 160,000 figurines, most of which are completely unique. The cost of this large-scale project is estimated at 16 million US dollars.
Own life
Here time does not stand still. You can watch the change of day and night when the lanterns are lit. The work of traffic lights, the movement of trucks, barges, even firefighters who eliminate the fire. Ordinary residents of the town do things that are familiar to us: ride and walk in parks, wait for a bus at a bus stop, swim in the river and even obscene in tall grass.
If you walk around this miniature town, you can understand that we are not much different from its inhabitants.
China breaks all records
Recently, China has opened the "New Silk Road", which will allow the export of cheap Chinese goods to Europe.
The route "Yiwu - Madrid" passes through the whole of China, Kazakhstan, crosses Russia, Belarus, Poland, Germany, France and, in the end, stops in the capital of Spain. The train leaving Yiwu will arrive in Madrid in 21 days.
To date, this route is used only for the purpose of industrial transportation of goods. But China has invested $40 billion in such a large-scale project. And, as confirmed by the Chinese media, is not going to stop. The Chinese authorities are already considering options for the development of trade routes through Turkey, as well as the option of building a connection between the largest ports in the Indian Ocean.
TASS-DOSIER. 180 years ago, on November 11 (October 30, old style), 1837, the first public railway in Russia was opened.
It connected St. Petersburg and Tsarskoye Selo.
The editors of TASS-DOSIER have prepared a note on the history of Russian railways.
In Tsarist Russia
Ideas for the creation of railways in the Russian Empire began to appear as early as the 1820s, shortly after the launch of the first line in England. Proposals were put forward to build the first railway from St. Petersburg to Moscow, Tver or Rybinsk. However, all these projects were met with distrust from the government due to the high cost, and also because of the uncertainty about the reliability of the railway in the conditions of the Russian winter.
The beginning of testing of the first Russian steam locomotive in August 1834 is considered the birthday of the Russian railway industry. It was built by mechanics and inventors Efim Alekseevich Cherepanov (1774-1842) and his son Miron Efimovich (1803-1849) to transport ore at the Vyisky plant in Nizhny Tagil. The steam engine, called the "land steamer", could carry more than 200 pounds of weight (about 3.2 tons) at a speed of 12-15 miles per hour (13-17 km / h).
The first public passenger railway in Russia, Tsarskoye Selo, was opened in 1837 and connected St. Petersburg with Tsarskoye Selo; locomotives for it were ordered in England.
In 1840, traffic was opened along the second railway on the territory of the Russian Empire: a line from Warsaw to Skierniewice was built with the money of Polish bankers. In 1848, it merged with the Krakow-Upper Silesian Railway (Austria) and became known as the Warsaw-Vienna Railway (total length with the Austrian section is 799 km).
On February 1, 1842, Emperor Nicholas I signed a decree on the construction of the St. Petersburg - Moscow railway with a length of 650 km. On November 13, 1851, its official opening took place. Exactly at 11:15 a.m. The first passenger train departed from St. Petersburg to Moscow, which stayed on the way for 21 hours and 45 minutes. At first, two passenger and four freight trains ran between St. Petersburg and Moscow. During the construction of the line, a gauge of 1,524 mm (5 feet) was chosen - later it became the standard on Russian railways (since the 1980s, railways in the USSR were switched to a compatible gauge of 1,520 mm).
From 1865 to 2004, the Ministry of Railways (in 1917-1946 - the People's Commissariat) of Railways (MPS, NKPS) was in charge of the railways in the country.
On March 17, 1891, Emperor Alexander III instructed his son Nikolai Alekseevich, the future Emperor Nicholas II, "to start building a continuous railway through the whole of Siberia, with the aim of connecting the abundant natural gifts of the Siberian regions with a network of internal rail communications." The solemn ceremony of the beginning of the construction of the road took place on May 31, 1891 near Vladivostok. The construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway was completed on October 18 (October 5, old style), 1916, with the commissioning of a three-kilometer bridge across the Amur near Khabarovsk.
Even before the completion of construction, the Trans-Siberian Railway gave impetus to the development of Siberia; in 1906-1914, more than 3 million people moved to the eastern regions with its help. As of 2017, the Trans-Siberian is the longest railway in the world (9,288.2 km).
By 1916, the framework of the modern railway system of Russia was formed: all the main radii of the railways of Moscow and St. Petersburg were built, in 1908 traffic was launched along the ring railway in Moscow (now the Moscow Central Ring, MCC). The total length of railways, including access roads, exceeded 80,000 km.
IN THE USSR
As a result of the First World War and the Civil War, more than 60% of the railway network was destroyed, up to 90% of the rolling stock was lost. Transportation was restored to the level of 1913 only in 1928.
In the 1920s, the electrification of Soviet railways began. The first electric train was launched on May 13, 1926 on the territory of modern Azerbaijan along the commuter route between Baku and Sabunchi. On October 1, 1929, electric trains connected Moscow and Mytishchi. In 1932, the first electric locomotives were built in the USSR. The construction of a new type of railway for the country also began: on May 15, 1935, the Moscow Metro began to work. Before the collapse of the USSR, he and other subways were subordinate to the People's Commissariat / Ministry of Railways.
Railways played a crucial role during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945: 20 million wagons were transported for the needs of the front, civilians and entire factories were evacuated through them, and the wounded were transported. The railway continued to operate despite the fact that Nazi aircraft dropped 44% of all bombs destined for the USSR on its facilities.
In 1956, the last steam locomotive, P36-0251, was produced in the USSR. By 1980, the railways of the Soviet Union were finally switched to heat and electric traction.
In the 1960s-1980s, railways were especially actively built to the deposits of natural resources in Siberia. In 1984, traffic was opened along the Baikal-Amur Mainline.
In 1984, regular operation of the first high-speed electric train, the ER200, began in the USSR. It ran between Moscow and Leningrad, the speed reached 200 km/h. Travel time was 4 hours 50 minutes, but subsequently reduced to 3 hours 55 minutes.
Russian Railways
In 2001, the reform of railway transport was launched in Russia. As part of it, the Ministry of Railways was liquidated, its economic functions were transferred to Russian Railways OJSC (RZD).
In 2007, as part of the industry reform, freight operators were separated from Russian Railways, including the First Freight Company (privatized in 2011-2012). Since 2010, the largest part of passenger traffic on long-distance trains has been carried out by the subsidiary Federal Passenger Company. Russian Railways has various stakes in commuter transportation operators and a number of other organizations in the industry.
On December 17, 2009, a new high-speed train - Siemens Velaro Rus ("Sapsan") - set off on the first commercial flight with passengers between Moscow and St. Petersburg. The minimum travel time for trips is 3 hours 35 minutes. Russian Railways operates 20 ten-car "Sapsans" (maximum speed - 250 km / h) and more than 60 electric locomotives EP20 and ChS200, developing speeds up to 200 km / h. The joint company of Russian Railways and Finnish Railways (VR Group) - Karelian Trains - owns four high-speed trains of the Pendolino type ("Allegro", maximum speed 220 km/h).
Since 2013, Russian Railways has been operating Siemens Desiro Rus (Lastochka) electric trains manufactured in Germany and Russia, with a maximum speed of 160 km/h. They are also used on the MCC (passenger traffic on the Moscow Railway Ring was resumed after an 80-year break in 2016).
Statistics
According to Rosstat, the operating length of public railways in Russia as of 2016 was 86,363.7 km, of which about 44,000 km were electrified. In addition, about 60 thousand km of factory and service tracks adjoin the public network. At the end of 2016, Russian rail transport transported 1 billion 325 million tons of cargo (4 million tons less than a year earlier). Passenger transportation grew from 1 billion 26 million people to 1 billion 40 million people in 2016.
In total, about 1 million people are employed in railway transport, of which 774 thousand are employed by Russian Railways. The average salary in Russian Railways, according to the company's annual report for 2016, is 46,852 rubles.
Regular high-speed traffic (over 200 km/h) has been established on the Moscow-St. Petersburg line (645 km).
Among the main development projects are the expansion of the capacity of the Trans-Siberian and Baikal-Amur main lines, the development of the Moscow railway junction, including the passenger traffic on the MCC opened in 2016, the development of high-speed communication, the railway infrastructure of Siberia and the Far East.
In August 2017, traffic was opened on the railway line between Zhuravka (Voronezh region) and Millerovo (Rostov region) on the Moscow-Adler highway, bypassing the territory of Ukraine.
