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Time is a harmful and elusive thing. It always oozes through your fingers and flows away to no one knows where. What to do if all your life you wanted to write symphonies better than Mozart's, and you have two children, a wife, a mother, and a burning project in addition to everything?
We are in website We are also extremely concerned about this problem: we want to realize ourselves in life and not choke on a bone. Not to give up and do great things, we are helped by examples of famous people who certainly had enough 24 hours a day.
Leonardo da Vinci
The famous “universal man” will head our list. Recall that Leonardo is an outstanding Renaissance artist (does everyone remember Gioconda?), an inventor (all his inventions formed the basis for the construction of modern submarines), a scientist, as well as a writer and musician. And he was the first to explain why the sky is blue: "The blue of the sky is due to the thickness of the illuminated particles of air, which is located between the Earth and the blackness above." He managed all this thanks to his own developed sleep system: he slept for a total of 2 hours (lights out for 15 minutes several times a day), and in all the rest of his free time he changed the world and himself for the better.
Anton Chekhov
The brilliant brother of his brother (he had such a pseudonym). The famous master of the short story, humorist and satirist, the greatest playwright and part-time doctor. He himself admitted: “Medicine is my legal wife, and literature is my mistress. When one gets bored, I spend the night at the other. Constantly torn at the crossroads of his two talents, Chekhov was engaged in medical affairs until the end of his life. He even gave his dogs names according to the name of drugs: Bromine and Hina. But he also respected his “mistress”: over the course of his life, Chekhov created more than 300 works, including short stories and impressive dramas. And the great comedian loved to collect stamps. Here was a man!
Vladimir Nabokov
Writer and entomologist, self-taught entomologist. In honor of Vladimir Vladimirovich, more than 20 genera of butterflies are named, one of which (that's cute!) Is called Nabokovia. Nabokov also played chess very well. They made several difficult chess problems. His love for this intellectual sport was reflected in the novel "Luzhin's Defense". Recall that Nabokov was fluent in English. "Lolita" in America is loved just as much as we do.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Goethe was known not only as a great writer and poet, but also as a scientist: he made some discoveries in the field of the theory of light. In addition, he actively collected minerals - his collection includes 18,000 copies (it is clear where Faust got such a craving for alchemy). The author of the famous drama was so lucky or well done that he slept only 5 hours a day, and he had enough strength for many, many accomplishments. Perhaps this is because Goethe adhered to strict rules and was a supporter of a healthy lifestyle: he did not drink alcohol at all and could not stand the smell of tobacco smoke. That is why he lived for 82 years and managed to create so many things.
Hugh Jackman
Not only a famous actor, but also a Broadway artist, and what a one! Within one season, he managed to get all the major theater awards. Everyone knows the third area of Jackman's activity, in which he achieved success - family life. Hugh and Deborra-Lee Furness have been married for 20 years, and together they have two children. Yes, what is there! Our Hugh is generally capable of everything: he can play the piano, guitar, violin, and also ... vibrate his pupils and even juggle. Probably even Wolverine can't do that.
Salvador Dali
Everyone says that he is crazy, but they are silent about the fact that he was universal. Dali is famous not only as a painter and sculptor, but also as the director of the terrible Andalusian Dog. Dali also wrote several "works": "The Secret Life of Salvador Dali, told by himself" and "The Diary of a Genius." For the sake of his psychedelic masterpieces, the humble genius often "perverted" in terms of sleep. Let us explain: Dali hired a special servant for himself, who, seeing that the owner was starting to fall asleep in complete exhaustion, woke him up after waiting a few seconds. The disheveled Dali immediately grabbed the paper and tried to sketch what he saw in the first seconds of the superficial phase of sleep.
Mikhail Lomonosov
Russian natural scientist, chemist and physicist, poet, artist... you can hardly list everything here. Lomonosov is not just an active figure - he is revered as a reformer. It was he who carried out the reform of versification. Therefore, by memorization of iambs and choreas, we, oddly enough, are obliged to an outstanding chemist. By the way, being smart does not mean being bullied. While studying in Marburg, for example, Lomonosov perfectly mastered the ability to handle a sword. Local bullies avoided this overly capable and skillful Muscovite. That's certainly a talented person is talented in everything!
Isaac Newton
Everyone should know that he is famous not only for the apple that fell on his head. Newton wrote books on theology, where he spoke about the denial of the Holy Trinity, and was also chairman of the Royal Society of Arts. Not many people know that Newton also invented two stunningly ingenious things: a means for carrying cats and a door for them (where would we be without them now?). His love for furry and mustachioed friends is to blame for this. Newton preferred vigorous activity to sleep - he took only 4 hours a day for night rest.
Benjamin Franklin
We all know him as an uncle from the dollar and politics, but Franklin is still like our Lomonosov. He was a journalist and inventor. He invented, for example, the stove (“Pennsylvania fireplace”), and also predicted the weather. The first developed a detailed map of the Gulf Stream. He founded the Philadelphia Academy, as well as the first public library in the States. Franklin also had musical talent. Uncle Ben managed to keep up with everything by strictly following the daily regimen, in which only 4 hours a day were allotted for sleep.
Alexander Borodin
A man whose portrait hangs both in the music class and in the chemistry class. Do you know that the author of the famous opera "Prince Igor" was also a chemist and physician? He jokingly called himself a "Sunday musician": he had to sacrifice days off in order to create something of that kind for the world of music. The memory of Borodin's everyday life was left by his wife: "I could sit for ten hours in a row, I could not sleep at all, not have lunch." Still would! After all, as you know, one of Borodin's mottos was such a super-motivating phrase: "All that we do not have, we owe only to ourselves." Alexander Porfiryevich was also an active public figure - he was one of the initiators of the opening of Women's Medical Courses.
Flea (Michael Peter Balzary)
The tireless and daring bass player of the Red Hot Chilli Peppers. He became famous for his unique style of playing the bass guitar, which was dubbed as slapping and popping - slaps and tweaks. It is surprising that Flea went to study music only in 2008 (after 25 years of playing as part of a group) - he admitted that he always played by ear, but did not know music theory. Nevertheless, Flea is recognized as one of the best bass players of all time. As they say, play for a quarter of a century and learn for a century. And if you think that rock musicians do nothing but rebel all day long, then Flea is a rebuttal to you: his filmography includes 25 films, including cartoons. By the way, he is that crazy boss in the movie "Back to the Future - 2".
Michael Bulgakov
In his youth, Bulgakov worked as a zemstvo doctor, and he had to be a generalist: a general practitioner, a gynecologist, a surgeon, and a dentist. "Notes of a Young Doctor" owe their birth to that period of the young Bulgakov's life. It was difficult to combine healing and creativity, so I had to “plow” a shift, treat the unpretentious village people all day, and then also carve out time for writing ... Whatever you don’t sacrifice for the sake of art. Once, in a letter to his mother, he wrote: “At night I write“ Notes of a Zemstvo Doctor. It might turn out to be a solid thing." Bulgakov is also an example of the correct attitude towards criticism. He collected critical articles about his work, including 298 negative and 3 positive reviews from critics.
Well, do you still think that you do not have enough time?
Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich (c. 952-1015) - Baptist of Ancient Rus'
The Russian prince Svyatoslav, who ruled in Kyiv, had three sons - Yaropolk, Oleg and Vladimir. Immediately after the death of Svyatoslav, the brothers went to war with each other, each wanted to rule in Kyiv, to become an autocratic prince. Vladimir showed great foresight in this struggle and turned out to be the winner. He converted to Christianity, baptized Rus' and in every possible way contributed to the education of ordinary people.
Prince Ivan III Vasilyevich (1440-1505) - Unifier of Russian lands
The Grand Duke of Moscow Vasily II, nicknamed the Dark One, attracted his son Ivan to manage the affairs of the state during his lifetime. Thus, he confirmed his legal rights to the throne. All business papers were signed by both of them. Ivan entered into full rights after the death of his father, when he was 22 years old. Ivan III began to unite the Russian lands around Moscow, turning it into the capital of the all-Russian state. Under him, the Moscow principality got rid of the Mongol-Tatar yoke. He knew how to carefully listen to the advice of his boyars. In adulthood, Prince Ivan 3 did not like to take part in military campaigns, believing that commanders should fight, and the sovereign should decide important matters at home. For 43 years of his reign, the Moscow principality freed itself from the power of the Horde khans, significantly expanded and strengthened. Under him, the code of laws "Sudebnik" was adopted, a local system of land tenure appeared.
Peter I (1672-1725) - "What I want, it must be"
Peter 1 was truly great. Everything was great with Peter - growth, army, battles, territories, plans. He sought not only to expand the borders of the Russian state, but also to make life in it similar to what he saw in Europe. He learned a lot himself and taught others. However, in his desire to quickly introduce new orders, he often went to extremes, massacres in his time were not uncommon. He was in a hurry in everything, as if he felt that fate had given him a not very long life.
Catherine II (1729-1796) - Enlightened Monarchine
On June 28, 1762, a bloodless palace coup took place in St. Petersburg. The wife of Emperor Peter III, Ekaterina Alekseevna, with the help of the guards, removed her husband from power and declared herself an autocratic empress. Once on the Russian throne, Catherine II tried to win the loyalty and love of her subjects. She carried out many economic transformations, promoted the development of trade in every possible way, torture and executions were abolished in Russia, and elected courts appeared. The period of her reign was called the "golden age", and the empress herself was called the Great.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (1799-1837) - The sun of Russian poetry
Time inexorably moves us away from Pushkin, the poet, playwright, prose writer, but his creative genius becomes more and more distinct from this. His poems, poems and stories showed different aspects of Russian reality, secular life and peasant life, they reflected the restless soul of the poet, deep feelings and experiences. His poetry and prose were enthusiastically received by readers of the 19th century. It was then that the halo of his greatness was created, he was considered the founder of Russian literature, the creator of the modern literary language. It is no coincidence that the time in which he lived is called the “Pushkin era”.
Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov (1810-1881) - Surgeon from God
Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov worked for hours in the anatomical theater, cutting soft tissues, examining diseased organs, sawing bones, looking for replacements for damaged joints. Anatomy became a practical school for him, which laid the foundation for his further successful surgical activity. Pirogov was the first to come up with the idea of plastic surgery, applied anesthesia in military field surgery, for the first time applied a plaster cast in the field, suggested the existence of pathogens that cause suppuration of wounds. His works, various medical atlases put forward Russian surgery to one of the first places in the world.
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky (1821- 1881) - Defender of the poor
Despite the wide popularity of Fyodor Dostoevsky in Russia, worldwide recognition and interest in his work came after his death. Everyone noted his deep psychologism, passion in depicting "humiliated and offended". The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche wrote that Dostoevsky was the only psychologist from whom he learned anything. The works of Fyodor Mikhailovich had a noticeable influence on writers: the Austrian Stefan Zweig, the Frenchman Marcel Proust, the Englishman Oscar Wilde, the Germans Thomas and Heinrich Mann.
Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy (1828-1910) - Preacher of morality
The famous Russian theater director and creator of the acting system, Konstantin Stanislavsky, wrote in his book “My Life in Art” that in the difficult years of the first revolutions, when despair seized people, many remembered that at the same time Leo Tolstoy lived with them. And it became easier on the soul. He was the conscience of mankind. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, Tolstoy became the spokesman for the thoughts and hopes of millions of people. He was a moral support for many. It was read and listened to not only by Russia, but also by Europe, America and Asia.
Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907) - Legislator in chemistry
Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev was a versatile scientist: in the laboratory he studied new properties of materials, at plants and factories he analyzed the results of their use, and carefully summarized information at his desk. Every year he traveled to different regions of the country, traveled abroad. The Periodic Table of Chemical Elements created by him - a brilliant discovery - established the dependence of various properties of elements on the charge of the atomic nucleus and was accepted throughout the world. The collection of his scientific works is 25 volumes.
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) - Composer for all time
Foreign performers of piano music, violinists, cellists and vocalists are well aware of the International Tchaikovsky Music Competition, which is held in Moscow every 4 years. The symphonic works of the Russian composer have long been heard in the concert halls of many leading capitals of the world, his operas and ballets are in the repertoire of the world's outstanding opera houses. Tchaikovsky left behind a huge musical legacy that has become part of the global culture.
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (1849-1936) - Teacher of the theory of reflexes
Awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1904, the creator of the science of higher nervous activity, the Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov was recognized as the foreman of physiologists around the world.
Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (1863-1945) - Discoverer of the biosphere
Vladimir Vernadsky entered the history of Russian and world science as an outstanding natural scientist, thinker, and public figure. He studied such special branches of knowledge about the Earth as geology, crystallography, mineralogy, geochemistry, and biology. And he determined the paths of the general evolution of the Earth, introduced the concepts of "biosphere" and "noosphere" - the areas of distribution of life on Earth as a result of evolutionary impact on it by humans. He was the forerunner of a new branch of science - ecology.
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) (1870-1924) - Practitioner of building communism
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin is the most famous politician of the 20th century. For over 70 years in the Soviet Union, he was considered an unsurpassed genius who set the goal of building communism in Russia. In 1917, Lenin took on the impossible task of making backward agrarian Russia socialist and then communist. He dreamed that the working people would receive everything according to their needs. The idea turned out to be untenable. True, after Lenin, the country gradually switched to an industrial path of development. Communism was not achieved, but at the cost of enormous efforts, including millions of human victims, the USSR approached the leading positions on the world stage.
Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (Stalin) (1878 -1953) - Inspirer of all victories
The General Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), the head of the Soviet government, Joseph Stalin led the country to an industrial path of development, with his name the Soviet people won the Great Patriotic War, he caused mass labor heroism, under him the country became a superpower. But he planted a totalitarian, dictatorial regime in the country, carried out forced collectivization, during his time famine broke out in the country, mass repressions were carried out, the world community was divided into two camps - socialist and capitalist. In history, Stalin remained a double personality: the winner in the war and the tyrant of his own people.
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (1906-1966) - Chief Designer
Sergei Pavlovich Korolev was an outstanding design engineer who dreamed of conquering space. He made a huge contribution to organizing the production of rocket and space technology and rocket weapons in the Soviet Union. He was the first in the world to launch satellites, scientific stations, and spaceships into earth orbit. The news shocked the whole world. He dreamed of exploring the expanses of the Universe with the help of automatic devices and began to prepare a flight to Mars, but he did not manage to carry out his plans.
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Aristotle is an ancient Greek encyclopedist, philosopher and logician, the founder of classical (formal) logic. Considered one of the greatest geniuses in history and the most influential philosopher of antiquity. He made a huge contribution to the development of logic and natural sciences, especially astronomy, physics and biology. Although many of his scientific theories were refuted, they greatly contributed to the search for new hypotheses to explain them.
Archimedes (287-212 BC)
Archimedes is an ancient Greek mathematician, inventor, astronomer, physicist and engineer. Generally considered the greatest mathematician of all time and one of the leading scientists of the classical period of antiquity. Among his contributions to the field of physics are the fundamental principles of hydrostatics, statics and an explanation of the principle of action on a lever. He is credited with inventing pioneering mechanisms, including siege engines and the screw pump named after him. Archimedes also invented the spiral that bears his name, formulas for calculating the volumes of surfaces of revolution, and an original system for expressing very large numbers.
Galileo (1564–1642)
In eighth place in the ranking of the greatest scientists in the history of the world is Galileo - an Italian physicist, astronomer, mathematician and philosopher. He has been called "the father of observational astronomy" and "the father of modern physics". Galileo was the first to use a telescope to observe celestial bodies. Thanks to this, he made a number of outstanding astronomical discoveries, such as the discovery of the four largest satellites of Jupiter, sunspots, the rotation of the Sun, and also established that Venus changes phases. He also invented the first thermometer (without a scale) and a proportional compass.
Michael Faraday (1791–1867)
Michael Faraday was an English physicist and chemist, primarily known for the discovery of electromagnetic induction. Faraday also discovered the chemical effect of current, diamagnetism, the effect of a magnetic field on light, and the laws of electrolysis. He also invented the first, albeit primitive, electric motor, and the first transformer. He introduced the terms cathode, anode, ion, electrolyte, diamagnetism, dielectric, paramagnetism, etc. In 1824 he discovered the chemical elements benzene and isobutylene. Some historians consider Michael Faraday the best experimenter in the history of science.
Thomas Alva Edison (1847–1931)
Thomas Alva Edison is an American inventor and businessman, founder of the prestigious scientific journal Science. Considered one of the most prolific inventors of his day, with a record 1,093 patents in his name and 1,239 elsewhere. Among his inventions are the creation in 1879 of an electric incandescent lamp, a system for distributing electricity to consumers, a phonograph, an improvement in the telegraph, telephone, film equipment, etc.
Marie Curie (1867–1934)
Maria Sklodowska-Curie - French physicist and chemist, teacher, public figure, pioneer in the field of radiology. The only woman to win the Nobel Prize in two different fields of science - physics and chemistry. First female professor teaching at the Sorbonne University. Her accomplishments include the development of the theory of radioactivity, methods for separating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two new chemical elements, radium and polonium. Marie Curie is one of the inventors who died from their inventions.
Louis Pasteur (1822–1895)
Louis Pasteur - French chemist and biologist, one of the founders of microbiology and immunology. He discovered the microbiological essence of fermentation and many human diseases. Initiated a new department of chemistry - stereochemistry. Pasteur's most important achievement is considered to be his work in bacteriology and virology, which resulted in the creation of the first vaccines against rabies and anthrax. His name is widely known thanks to the pasteurization technology he created and named after him later. All Pasteur's works have become a vivid example of a combination of fundamental and applied research in the field of chemistry, anatomy and physics.
Sir Isaac Newton (1643–1727)
Isaac Newton was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, historian, bible scholar, and alchemist. He is the discoverer of the laws of motion. Sir Isaac Newton discovered the law of universal gravitation, laid the foundations of classical mechanics, formulated the principle of conservation of momentum, laid the foundations of modern physical optics, built the first reflecting telescope and developed the theory of color, formulated the empirical law of heat transfer, built the theory of the speed of sound, proclaimed the theory of the origin of stars and many other mathematical and physical theories. Newton was also the first to mathematically describe the phenomenon of tides.
Albert Einstein (1879–1955)
Second place in the list of the greatest scientists in the history of the world is occupied by Albert Einstein - a German physicist of Jewish origin, one of the greatest theoretical physicists of the twentieth century, the creator of general and special relativity, discovered the law of the relationship between mass and energy, as well as many other significant physical theories. Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect. Author of more than 300 scientific papers in physics and 150 books and articles in the field of history, philosophy, journalism, etc.
Nikola Tesla (1856–1943)
The greatest scientist in the world is considered to be Nikola Tesla - a Serbian and American inventor, physicist, electrical engineer, known for his achievements in the field of alternating current, magnetism and electrical engineering. In particular, he owns the invention of alternating current, polyphase system and alternating current electric motor. In total, Tesla is the author of about 800 inventions in the field of electrical and radio engineering, including the first electric clock, solar-powered engine, radio, etc. He was a key figure in the construction of the first hydroelectric power station at Niagara Falls.
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The Russian Federation is a great state that ranks first on the planet in terms of territory and national wealth. However, its main pride is made up of outstanding citizens who have left a noticeable mark on history. Our country has nurtured a huge number of famous scientists, politicians, generals, athletes and artists of world renown. Their achievements allowed Russia to take one of the leading positions in the list of superpowers of the planet.
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Who are they, outstanding citizens of Russia? The list of them can be continued endlessly, because each period in the history of our Fatherland has its own great people who have become famous in different fields of activity. Among the most prominent personalities who, to one degree or another, influenced the course of both Russian and world history, it is worth mentioning the following:
- Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky.
- Peter the Great.
- Alexander Suvorov.
- Mikhail Lomonosov.
- Dmitriy Mendeleev.
- Yuri Gagarin.
- Andrei Sakharov.
Minin and Pozharsky
An outstanding Russian citizen Kuzma Minin and his no less famous contemporary, Prince Dmitry Pozharsky, went down in history as the liberators of Russian lands from the Polish invaders. At the beginning of the 17th century, the Time of Troubles began in the Russian state. The crisis, which engulfed many areas of life, was aggravated by the presence of impostors on the throne of the capital. In Moscow, Smolensk and a number of other cities, the Polish gentry was in full swing, and the western borders of the country were occupied by Swedish troops.
In order to expel foreign invaders from Russian lands and liberate the country, the clergy called on the population to create a people's militia and liberate the capital from the Poles. The call was answered by the Novgorod Zemstvo headman Kuzma Minin (Sukhoruk), who, although not of noble origin, was a true patriot of his homeland. In a short time, he managed to gather an army from the inhabitants of Nizhny Novgorod. Prince Dmitry Pozharsky from the Rurik family agreed to head it.
Gradually, residents of the surrounding cities, dissatisfied with the dominance of the Polish gentry in Moscow, began to join the people's militia of Nizhny Novgorod. By the autumn of 1612, the army of Minin and Pozharsky numbered about 10 thousand people. In early November 1612, the Nizhny Novgorod militia managed to expel the Poles from the capital and force them to sign an act of surrender. The success of the operation became possible thanks to the skillful actions of Minin and Pozharsky. In 1818, the memory of the heroic liberators of Moscow was immortalized by the sculptor I. Martos in a monument erected on Red Square.
Peter the First
The significance of the reign of Peter I, nicknamed the Great for his services to the state, is difficult to overestimate. An outstanding citizen of Russia, Peter the Great, was on the throne for 43 years, coming to power at the age of 17. He turned the country into the greatest empire, founded the city of Petersburg on the Neva and transferred the capital from Moscow to it, conducted a number of successful military campaigns, thanks to which he significantly expanded the borders of the state. Peter the Great began to trade with Europe, founded the Academy of Sciences, opened many educational institutions, introduced the compulsory study of foreign languages, forced representatives of the noble classes to wear secular outfits.
Significance of the reign of Peter I for Russia
The sovereign's reforms strengthened the economy and science, contributed to the development of the army and navy. His successful domestic and foreign policy became the basis for the further growth and development of the state. Voltaire highly appreciated the internal transformations of Russia in the time of Peter the Great. He wrote that the Russian people in half a century managed to achieve what other peoples could not achieve in 500 years of their existence.
A. V. Suvorov
The most outstanding citizen of Russia in the second half of the 18th century is, of course, the great commander, Generalissimo of the Russian land and sea forces Alexander Suvorov. This talented commander fought over 60 major battles and was not defeated in any of them. The army under the command of Suvorov managed to win even in those cases when the enemy forces significantly outnumbered it. The commander took part in the Russian-Turkish wars of 1768-1774 and 1787-1791, brilliantly commanded the Russian troops during the storming of Prague in 1794, and in the last years of his life led the Italian and Swiss campaigns.
In the battles, Suvorov used the tactics of warfare developed by him personally, which was significantly ahead of its time. He did not recognize military drill and instilled in the soldiers love for the Fatherland, considering it a guarantee of victory in any battle. The legendary commander made sure that during military campaigns his army was provided with everything necessary. He heroically shared all the hardships with the soldiers, thanks to which he enjoyed great authority and respect among them. For his victories, Suvorov was awarded all the high military awards that existed in his time in the Russian Empire. In addition, he was a holder of seven foreign orders.
M. V. Lomonosov
Outstanding citizens of Russia glorified their country not only in the art of statecraft or military tactics. Mikhail Lomonosov belongs to the cohort of the greatest domestic scientists who have made a huge contribution to the development of world science. Born into a poor family and unable to get a decent education, from early childhood he had a high intellect and was drawn to knowledge. Lomonosov's desire for science was so strong that at the age of 19 he left his village, went on foot to Moscow and entered the Slavic-Greco-Roman Academy. This was followed by studies at St. Petersburg University at the Academy of Sciences. To improve knowledge in the natural sciences, Michael was sent to Europe. At the age of 34, the young scientist became an academician.
Lomonosov, without exaggeration, can be considered a universal person. He possessed brilliant knowledge of chemistry, physics, geography, astronomy, geology, metallurgy, history, and genealogy. In addition, the scientist was an excellent poet, writer and artist. Lomonosov made many discoveries in physics, chemistry and astronomy, and became the founder of the science of glass. He owns the project of creating Moscow University, which was later named after him.
D. I. Mendeleev
The world famous chemist Dmitry Mendeleev is the pride of Russia. Having been born in Tobolsk in the family of the director of the gymnasium, he had no barriers to education. At the age of 21, young Mendeleev graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the St. Petersburg Pedagogical Institute with a gold medal. A few months later, he defended his dissertation for the right to lecture and began teaching practice. At 23, Mendeleev was awarded a master's degree in chemistry. From this age, he began teaching at the Imperial University of St. Petersburg. At the age of 31, he becomes a professor of chemical technology, and after 2 years - a professor of general chemistry.
World fame of the great chemist
In 1869, at the age of 35, Dmitri Mendeleev made a discovery that made him famous all over the world. We are talking about the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements. It became the basis for all modern chemistry. Attempts to systematize the elements according to their properties and atomic weight were made even before Mendeleev, but he was the first to clearly formulate the pattern existing between them.
The periodic table is not the only achievement of the scientist. He wrote many fundamental works on chemistry and initiated the creation of the Chamber of Weights and Measures in St. Petersburg. D. I. Mendeleev was a holder of eight honorary orders of the Russian Empire and foreign countries. He was awarded a doctorate degree from the Turin Academy of Sciences, Oxford, Cambridge, Princeton, Edinburgh and Göttingen Universities. The scientific authority of Mendeleev was so high that he was nominated for the Nobel Prize three times. Unfortunately, other scientists have become laureates of this prestigious international award every time. However, this fact in no way diminishes the merits of the famous chemist before the Fatherland.
Yu. A. Gagarin
Yuri Gagarin is a prominent Russian citizen of the Soviet era. On April 12, 1961, on the Vostok-1 spacecraft, he flew into space for the first time in the history of mankind. Having spent 108 minutes in Earth's orbit, the astronaut returned to the planet as a hero of international proportions. Gagarin's popularity could be envied even by world movie stars. He made official visits to more than 30 foreign countries and traveled all over the USSR.
An outstanding citizen of Russia, Yuri Gagarin, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and the highest distinctions of many countries. He was preparing for a new space flight, but a plane crash that occurred in March 1968 in the Vladimir region tragically cut short his life. Having lived only 34 years, Gagarin became one of the greatest people of the 20th century. Streets and squares in all major cities of Russia and the CIS countries are named after him, monuments to him are erected in many foreign countries. In honor of Yuri Gagarin's flight, April 12 is celebrated as International Cosmonautics Day all over the world.
A. D. Sakharov
In addition to Gagarin, there were many other prominent citizens of Russia in the Soviet Union. The USSR became famous throughout the world thanks to Academician Andrei Sakharov, who made an invaluable contribution to the development of physics. In 1949, together with Yu. Khariton, he developed a project for a hydrogen bomb - the first Soviet thermonuclear weapon. In addition, Sakharov conducted a lot of research on magnetohydrodynamics, gravity, astrophysics, and plasma physics. In the mid-70s, he predicted the advent of the Internet. In 1975, the academician was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
In addition to science, Sakharov was active in human rights activities, for which he fell out of favor with the Soviet leadership. In 1980, he was stripped of all titles and top awards, after which he was deported from Moscow to Gorky. After the start of Perestroika, Sakharov was allowed to return to the capital. In the last years of his life, he continued to engage in scientific activities, and was also elected a deputy of the Supreme Council. In 1989, the scientist worked on a draft of a new Soviet constitution that proclaimed the right of peoples to statehood, but a sudden death did not allow him to complete the work he had begun.
Prominent citizens of Russia in the 21st century
Today, a huge number of people live in our country, glorifying it in politics, science, art and other fields of activity. The most famous scientists of our time are the physicists Mikhail Allenov and Valery Rachkov, the urbanist Denis Vizgalov, the historian Vyacheslav Vorobyov, the economist Nadezhda Kosareva, etc. The outstanding artists of the 21st century include artists Ilya Glazunov and Alyona Azernaya, conductors Valery Gergiev and Yuri Bashmet, opera singers Dmitry Hvorostovsky and Anna Netrebko, actors Sergei Bezrukov and Konstantin Khabensky, directors Nikita Mikhalkov and Timur Bekmambetov and others. Well, the most prominent politician in Russia today is its President - Vladimir Putin.
Who is the most famous person on the planet? This is a difficult question, to which no one will have an unequivocal answer, because with this choice a lot depends on sympathy for a particular person. In the modern world, popularity is measured with the help of subscribers in social networks: instagram, twitter, facebook. It is from this quantity that the current youth is repelled. But how to tell about those people who died long ago and did not find this world in the form in which we perceive it now? The answer will not keep you waiting.
The most famous scientists
The first one I would like to mention is Sigmund Freud. The father of psychoanalysis, thanks to his findings, modern psychologists understand what role childhood plays in a person's life. Freud also owns a structured approach to the analysis of a person's personality: on the ego (I), ID (it) and superego (superego). It is almost impossible to imagine that today's psychology lesson would be complete without mentioning Freud's theory of personality.
Another notorious psychologist is Carl Jung. At the university he was fond of psychiatry, made many conclusions that were successful, both among physicians and philosophers.
The man who first made the atomic bomb made a great discovery in understanding the theory of black holes - Robert Oppenheimer. The American scientist did not suspect that from his first big discovery such a deadly weapon would be obtained that could take more than one thousand lives. But the theory of black holes was warmly accepted by another famous scientist, Stephen Hawking. Subsequently, the Briton brought the idea to a new level and has already published more than a dozen books, which are in great demand all over the world.
Alexander Flemming made from several types of molds the world's first antibiotic - penicillin, with the help of which it was possible to save the lives of a large number of people. Also behind this scientist is another important discovery - he discovered the antibacterial substance Lysozyme in the saliva of a dog. There is even such an expression: heals like a dog. Such a rapid recovery of wounds is just the same dictated by the action of lysozyme.
Mikhail Lomonosov and Antoine Laurent Lavoisier worked almost at the same time. One was noted in many areas not only of scientific life, but also of creative life (Mikhail Vasilyevich wrote several absolutely amazing poems). Antoine Laurent made a breakthrough in the field of combustion of matter, and Lomonosov put the theory of mass conservation in order. The contribution of scientists cannot be overestimated; many modern scientists use the fruits of their work.
Albert Einstein. Everyone at least a little, but heard about this man, or at least saw his photograph with his tongue hanging out. The scientist is known for looking at physics from a different angle, came up with the theory of relativity, on which the science of the 21st century now lives, and made a significant contribution to the pacifist and atheistic movement.
Failed artist
Yes, this is one of the most brutal dictators in the history of mankind. The Nazi who perpetrated the genocide of the Jewish people, claiming six million lives in ovens and camps. Adolf Hitler, with his terrible efforts, won first place in the list of the most famous people in the world, but I must say that this glory turned out to be a sad outcome for him - suicide.
Now many people are arguing about how the fate of the 20th century would have been if Hitler had not been at the helm of Nazi Germany, but continued to paint his paintings. But history does not know the subjunctive mood, it happened and you need to be able to put up with it.
In the biography of Hitler, before he came to power, there is nothing special. Born and raised in an ordinary family: his father worked at customs, his mother was a peasant woman. Adolf did not finish school, he wanted to enter an art school, but was refused twice. I decided to make money with creativity, without having an education. For several years he lived starving.
An interesting change in the attitude of the German dictator to military service. In 1913, he fled to Munich, where he was hiding from the mandatory draft, but a year later, he was subjected to a medical examination, where he was declared unfit. During the First World War, a sense of patriotism awakens in him, he signs up as a volunteer and goes to the front. In military operations, Hitler proves himself to be a good soldier, receives several military awards and the rank of corporal. After the war, he signed up for the German Workers' Party. In 1933, this political assembly receives a majority of votes, Hitler is appointed Reich Chancellor. From this moment begins the most tragic story of the 20th century.
Adolf Hitler had a lover, Eva Braun. They got married the day before committing a double suicide, due to the failure of the Nazi troops on all fronts. There is an opinion that the leader of the German Empire fled to the country of Latin America. But actually it is not. Geneticists using a DNA test proved that the body they found belonged to Hitler.
Actors and directors
The foundation of today's cinema, which we know and love, was laid in the image of a mustachioed peasant in a hat by Charlie Chaplin. How much self-irony in his work? When watching The Dictator, you ask yourself the question: what kind of a brilliant actor does it take to make fun of such a formidable personality? He was a man who was not afraid of anything, constantly discovering something new for this genre of art.
Each movie lover will name his list of the best actors. But if we compare these opinions, it will be possible to observe some identical choice. This is quite understandable. How can you be indifferent to the game of Tom Hanks, Johnny Depp or Leonardo DiCaprio? An actor needs to be in demand, you need to play, constantly act in films - this is an indicator of his popularity. We will see him on our monitors or cinemas, he will enter the images of our favorite heroes or create new ones.
In Russian cinema, one can name more than a dozen really talented artists. Among Hollywood celebrities, neither Oleg Tabakov, nor Evgeny Mironov, nor Konstantin Khabensky would be lost.
But cinema is determined not only by the acting of the actors, but also by the genius of the director. What names come to mind? Hitchcock, Stanley Kubrick, Quentin Tarantino, or maybe Tarkovsky? One thing we know for sure is that their films can be viewed with pleasure more than once.
Among Russian creators, I would also like to single out the talent of Nikita Mikhalkov, who was awarded the American Academy Award for Best Film. I would also like to recall Andrei Ryazantsev, who directed our favorite comedies: The Irony of Fate or Enjoy Your Bath, Office Romance and many others.
Revolutionary in the fashion world
Coco Chanel was born in August 1883. Few people know her real name - Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel. The girl thought that with such a name it was impossible to succeed and change something, she took her pseudonym from the symbiosis of two songs that she sang in taverns: “KoKoRiKo” and “QuiQuaVuCoco”.
The revolutionary and rebel by nature began her journey, oddly enough, in a monastery. There, local nuns taught her sewing lessons. This was not enough for Coco to change the entire fashion vector at that time. She made mind-blowing new suits out of jersey, a fabric only worn by men, which led the public to ambiguous conclusions. But she didn't care, the main thing was that women finally felt free, felt that they were entering society by wearing a pair of slender trousers.
Further, a new idea appeared in Chanel's head: she wanted to create perfumes that girls would buy for themselves, and not be content with only gifts from the stronger sex. That is how the perfume product appeared, known throughout the world under the trade name Chanel No.5. And this time, Coco challenged society: the design of the bottle was made in a black and sleek style, reminiscent of the look of men's toilet water. At that time, girls had the right to wear the aroma of mono perfumes, consisting of only one ingredient. As many as 80 components were used in the fragrance from Chanel, thus she broke another stereotype.
Girls often ask the question: "What to wear?". Chanel answered him too. Having made a miniature black dress that is suitable for any occasion in life, be it a trip to the theater or a walk in the park on a quiet summer evening in the presence of a gentleman.
For all her popularity, Coco Chanel could not escape from herself. She never admitted to anyone that she did not have a mother, and she saw her father for the last time at 12, that she began her journey in a monastery, and not in a good and intelligent family, subtracting 10 years from her age.
But her contribution to the 20th century cannot be overestimated. It was she who first discovered to the world that a woman is not just an incubator for bearing children, a woman is a person who thinks and feels.
Who is the most famous person in the world?
Many people think that Jesus Christ. You can argue with them, you can even refute the existence of this person. But the fact that this name is familiar to everyone is not a shadow of a doubt. How many copies of the bible have been sold so far, and how many people belong to a faith where Christ is at the center of everything? Lots and lots of this and that.
We can only speculate, but we will never know who is the most famous. Or maybe it's just not necessary?
