Seven differences between the original Winnie the Pooh and the Russian. Who wrote "Winnie the Pooh"? The history of the birth of a favorite book

When Christopher Robin was 4 years old, he and his father first came to the zoo, where the boy met a bear. After this event, the teddy bear given to Christopher for his first birthday was also named Winnie. In the future, the bear was Christopher's constant companion: "every child has a favorite toy, and especially a child who grows up as the only one in the family needs it."

Winnie the Pooh books were created by Milne from word of mouth and games with Christopher Robin; oral origin is also characteristic of many other famous literary tales. “I didn’t invent anything, I just had to write it down,” Milne later said.

Name

Character

Winnie the Pooh, aka D.P. (Piglet's Friend), P.K. (Rabbit's Friend), O.P. (Pole Discoverer), U.I.-I. (Comforter Eeyore) and N. H. (Finder of the Tail) - a naive, good-natured and modest Bear with Very Little Brains (eng. Bear of Very Little Brain); in Zakhoder's translation, Winnie repeatedly says that there are sawdust in his head, although in the original (the word eng. pulp) this is mentioned only once. Pooh's favorite things are writing poetry and honey. Pooh is "frightened by long words", he is forgetful, but often brilliant ideas come to his head. The character of Pooh, who suffers from a "lack of reason", but at the same time a "great naive sage", is attributed by a number of researchers to the archetypes of world literature. So, Boris Zakhoder compares him with the images of Don Quixote and Schweik. Liliana Lungina believes that Pooh resembles the Dickensian Mr. Pickwick. His traits are a love of food, an interest in the weather, an umbrella, "an unselfish wanderlust". She sees in him "a child who knows nothing, but wants to know everything." In English literature, the Scarecrow The Wise from the story The Wizard of Oz by Lyman Baum is also close to him.

In Pooh, several images are combined at once - a teddy bear, a live bear cub and a formidable Bear, which he wants to appear. The character of Pooh is independent and at the same time depends on the character of Christopher Robin. The fluff is what the little owner wants to see it.

The image of Pooh is central in all twenty stories. In a number of initial stories (the story with the hole, the search for Buka, the capture of the Heffalump), Pooh gets into one or another "Kind of no way" and often gets out of it only with the help of Christopher Robin. In the future, the comic features in the image of Pooh recede into the background before the "heroic". Very often, a plot twist in a story is one or another unexpected decision by Pooh. The culmination of the image of the Pooh-hero falls on the 9th chapter of the first book, when Pooh, having offered to use Christopher Robin's umbrella as a vehicle (“We will sail on your umbrella”), saves Piglet from inevitable death; the whole tenth chapter is devoted to the great feast in honor of Pooh. In the second book, Pooh's feat compositionally corresponds to Piglet's Great Feat, which saves the heroes locked in a fallen tree where the Owl lived.

In addition, Pooh is the creator, the main poet of the Wonderful Forest. He constantly composes poems from the noise that sounds in his head. About his inspiration, he says: “After all, Poetry, Chants are not things that you find when you want, these are things that find you.” Thanks to the image of Pooh, another character enters the fairy tale - Poetry, and the text takes on a new dimension.

Cycle "Winnie the Pooh"

In total, Alan Milne wrote two prose books with the participation of a bear: "Winnie the Pooh" (1926) ("Winnie-the-Pooh") and "The House at Pooh Corner" (1928) ("The House at Pooh Corner"). Both books were dedicated to "Her". The collections of poems "When We Were Very Young" (1924) ("When We Were Very Young") and "Now We Are Six" (1927) ("Now We Are Six") also contain several poems about a bear cub, although the first of he is not yet called by name. In the preface to the first prose book, Milne calls the collection "another Christopher Robin book".

Among the toys of Christopher Robin were also Piglet, which the neighbors gave to the boy, Eeyore donkey, presented by his parents, Kanga with Tiny Ru in a bag, and Tiger, also presented to his son by his parents, especially for the development of plots of bedtime stories. In the stories, these characters appear in that order. Owl and Rabbit Milne invented himself; in the first illustrations by Ernest Shepard, they do not look like toys, but like real animals. Rabbit says to Owl: “Only you and I have brains. The rest have sawdust.” During the game, all these characters received individual habits, habits and manner of speaking. The world of animals created by Milne was influenced by Kenneth Graham's story "The Wind in the Willows", which he admired and which Shepard had previously illustrated, and a hidden polemic with Kipling's "Jungle Book" is also possible.

The prose books make up a dilogy, but each of these Milne books contains 10 stories with their own plots that exist almost independently of each other:

• First book - Winnie the Pooh:
  1. We Are Introduced to Winnie-the-Pooh and Some Bees and the Stories Begin(...in which we meet Winnie the Pooh and some bees).
  2. Pooh Goes Visiting and Gets Into a Tight Place(... in which Winnie the Pooh went to visit, but ended up in a stalemate).
  3. Pooh and Piglet Go Hunting and Nearly Catch a Woozle(... in which Pooh and Piglet went hunting and almost caught Buka).
  4. Eeyore Loses A Tail and Pooh Finds One(... in which Eeyore loses his tail, and Pooh finds it).
  5. Piglet Meets a Heffalump(... in which Piglet meets the Heffalump).
  6. Eeyore Has A Birthday And Gets Two Presents(... in which Eeyore had a birthday, and Piglet almost flew to the moon).
  7. Kanga And Baby Roo Come To The Forest And Piglet Has A Bath(... in which Kanga and Baby Roo appear in the forest, and Piglet takes a bath).
  8. Christopher Robin Leads An Expotition To The North Field(... in which Christopher Robin organizes an "expedition" to the North Pole).
  9. Piglet Is Entirely Surrounded By Water(... in which Piglet is completely surrounded by water).
  10. Christopher Robin Gives Pooh A Party and We Say Goodbye(... in which Christopher Robin arranges a solemn Pyrgoroy, and we say Goodbye to All-All-All).

• Second book - The House at Pooh Corner:
  1. A House Is Built At Pooh Corner For Eeyore(... in which a house is being built for Eeyore at the Pooh Edge).
  2. Tigger Comes to the Forest and Has Breakfast(... in which Tigger comes to the forest and has breakfast).
  3. A Search is Organized, and Piglet Nearly Meets the Heffalump Again(... in which searches are organized, and Piglet again almost got caught by the Heffalump).
  4. It Is Shown That Tiggers Don't Climb Trees(...which reveals that Tigers don't climb trees).
  5. Rabbit Has a Busy Day, and We Learn What Christopher Robin Does in the Mornings(...in which the Rabbit is very busy, and we meet for the first time with Spotted Swirnus).
  6. Pooh Invents a New Game and Eeyore Joins In(... in which Pooh invents a new game, and Eeyore is included in it).
  7. Tiger Is Unbounced(... in which the Tigger is tamed).
  8. Piglet Does a Very Grand Thing(... in which Piglet performs a great feat).
  9. Eeyore Finds the Wolery and Owl Moves Into It(... in which Eeyore finds a co-worker, and Owl moves in).
  10. Christopher Robin and Pooh Come to an Enchanted Place, and We Leave Them There(...in which we leave Christopher Robin and Winnie the Pooh in an enchanted place).

In the wake of the great success of the Pooh books, a whole series of publications appeared: Christopher Robin Stories, Christopher Robin Reading Book, Christopher Robin Birthday Stories, Christopher Robin Primer and a number of picture books. These editions did not contain new works, but included reprints from previous books.

World of work

The action of the Pooh books takes place in the Hundred Acre Wood (eng. The Hundred Acre Wood, translated by Zakhoder - the Wonderful Forest). It is believed that the prototype is Ashdown Forest, near the Cochford Farm bought by the Milnes in 1925 in East Sussex. In the stories, Six pines and a stream, at which the North Pole was found, as well as the vegetation mentioned in the text, including prickly gorse (English gorse-bush, translated by Zakhoder - thistle) are also presented as Real. Little Christopher Robin climbs into the hollows of trees and plays with Pooh there, and many characters in books live in hollows. Much of the action takes place in such dwellings or on the branches of trees.

Pooh's best friend is the Piglet piglet (eng. Piglet). Other characters:

The action unfolds simultaneously in three plans - this is the world of toys in the nursery, the world of animals "on their own territory" in the Hundred Acre Forest and the world of characters in the stories of father to son (this is most clearly shown at the very beginning). In the future, the narrator disappears from the story (small dialogues between father and son appear at the end of the sixth and tenth chapters), and the fairy-tale world begins its own existence, growing from chapter to chapter. The similarity of the space and world of the Winnie the Pooh characters with the classical antique and medieval epic was noted. The promising epic undertakings of the characters (travels, exploits, hunting, games) turn out to be comically insignificant, while the real events take place in the inner world of the characters (help in trouble, hospitality, friendship).

The book recreates the atmosphere of universal love and care, a “normal”, protected childhood, without pretensions to solve adult problems, which greatly contributed to the later popularity of this book in the USSR, including the decision of Boris Zakhoder to translate this book. "Winnie the Pooh" reflects the family life of the British middle class of the 1920s, later resurrected by Christopher Robin in his memoirs to understand the context in which the fairy tale arose.

Language

Milne's books are imbued with numerous puns and other types of language games, they are typically played with and distorted "adult" words (clearly shown in the scene of the Owl's dialogue with Pooh), expressions borrowed from advertising, educational texts, etc. (numerous specific examples are collected in the commentary of A.I. Poltoratsky). A sophisticated play on phraseology, linguistic ambiguity (sometimes more than two meanings of a word) is not always available to a children's audience, but is highly appreciated by adults.

Among the typical techniques of Milne's dilogy is the technique of "significant emptiness" and playing with various fictions: in "Contradiction" (preface to the second part) it is stated that the upcoming events were dreamed of by the reader; Pooh comes up with "great thoughts about nothing", Rabbit answers him that there is "no one at all" at home, Piglet describes the Heffalump - "a big thing, like a huge nothing". Such games are also designed for an adult audience.

Both books are full of poems put into the mouth of Pooh; these poems are written in the English tradition of children's absurd nonsense - continuing the experience of Edward Lear and Lewis Carroll. Samuil Marshak, the first translator of Milne's children's poems, in a letter to Galina Zinchenko, called Miln "the last<…>Edward Lear's direct heir.

Place in the work of Milne

The cycle about Winnie the Pooh overshadowed all the quite diverse and popular adult works of Milne at the time: “he cut himself off the way back to“ adult ”literature. All his attempts to escape from the clutches of a toy bear were unsuccessful. Milne himself was very upset by such a combination of circumstances, did not consider himself a children's writer and claimed that he writes for children with the same responsibility as for adults.

Philosophy

These English-language works influenced the book of the semiotician and philosopher V. P. Rudnev "Winnie the Pooh and the Philosophy of Everyday Language". Milne's text is dissected in this book with the help of structuralism, the ideas of Bakhtin, the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein, and a number of other ideas of the 1920s, including psychoanalysis. According to Rudnev, "aesthetic and philosophical ideas are always in the air ... VP appeared during the period of the most powerful flowering of prose of the 20th century, which could not but affect the structure of this work, could not, so to speak, cast its rays on it" . This book also contains a complete translation of both of Milne's books on Pooh (see above, under "New Translations").

Publications

The first chapter of "Winnie the Pooh" was published on Christmas Eve, December 24, 1925 in the London newspaper "Landan Invning News" ("London Evening News"), the sixth - in August 1928 in the magazine "Royal Shop" ("Royal Magazine"). The first stand-alone edition appeared on 14 October 1926 in London. The general cycle has no name, but is usually called "Winnie the Pooh", according to the first book.

All four of these books were illustrated by Ernest Shepard, cartoonist and colleague of Alan Milne's Punch magazine. Shepard's graphic illustrations are closely related to the internal logic of the narrative and largely complement the text, which, for example, does not report that the Heffalump looks like an elephant; Shepard is often referred to as Milne's "collaborator". Sometimes Shepard's illustrations correspond to a meaningful arrangement of text on the page. The boy was drawn directly from Christopher Robin, and the image of the boy - in a loose blouse over short pants - repeating Christopher's actual clothes - came into vogue.

In 1983, under the editorship and with notes of the philologist-Anglist A.I. Poltoratsky in Moscow, the Raduga publishing house published in one volume all four prose and verse books about Pooh and, in addition to them, six essays by Milne. The preface to the book was written by the Soviet literary critic D. M. Urnov: this work contained one of the first serious analyzes of the text of the Milnov cycle in Russia. The interest of Poltoratsky (the initiator of the publication) in Winnie the Pooh was awakened by students of the Department of Structural and Applied Linguistics (OSiPL) of the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University, who offered to parse the English text of Winnie the Pooh during classes on a special course.

Continuation

In 2009, the sequel to the Winnie the Pooh books, Return to the Enchanted Forest, was published in the UK, approved by the organization Pooh Properties Trust. Author David Benedictus sought to emulate the style and composition of the original. The illustrations for the book are also focused on maintaining Shepard's style. "Return to the Enchanted Forest" has been translated into several languages.

Abroad

Books about Winnie the Pooh, despite the difficulties with translation into other languages, have been repeatedly published abroad. In most translations, the "female" semantics of the name Winnie is not conveyed, however, in the 1986 translation of Monika Adamczyk-Harbowska into Polish, the bear bears a female name Fredzia Phi-Phi(but it's still masculine). But this translation did not win universal recognition, and in Poland the translation of the 1930s by Irena Tuwim is considered a classic, where the name of the bear is clearly masculine - Kubus Puchatek. In the Russian translation by Rudnev and Mikhailova, the name Winnie is used in the original spelling; according to the translators, this should hint at the gender ambiguity of this name.

Just like the original name (with an article in the middle), translated, for example, niderl. Winnie de Poeh, esper. Winnie la Pu and Yiddish ‏װיני-דער-פּו ‏‎ ( Vini-der-pu), almost the same - lat. Winnie ille Pu. Sometimes the bear cub is called one of his two names. For example, “Bear Pooh” (German Pu der Bär, Czech Medvídek Pú, Bulgarian Sword Pooh, “Pu a-Dov” (Heb. ‏פו הדוב ‏‎)) or “Winnie the Bear” (French Winnie l' ourson); the mentioned Polish name Kubuś Puchatek belongs to the same category. There are also names where there are no original names, for example, Hung. Micimackó, dat. Peter Plys, Norwegian Ole Brumm or Mishka-Pluh in the original version of Zakhoder's translation (1958).

In German, Czech, Latin and Esperanto, the name Pooh is rendered as Pu, in accordance with the English pronunciation. Nevertheless, thanks to Zakhoder, the natural-sounding name very successfully entered the Russian (and then Ukrainian, Ukrainian, Vinni-Pukh) tradition fluff(playing on Slavic words fluff, plump obvious in Polish name too Puchatek). In the Belarusian translation of Vital Voronov - Belarusian. Vinya-Pykh, the second part of the name is translated as "Pykh", which is consonant with Belarusian words puff(arrogance and pride) and out of breath .

In the USSR and Russia

For the first time, the Russian translation of "Winnie the Pooh" was published in the magazine "Murzilka", No. 1 for 1939, in which two chapters were published: "About the bear Winnie the Poo and the bees" and "How Winnie the Poo went to visit and got into trouble” translated by A. Koltynina and O. Galanina. The author's name was not given, but it was subtitled "An English Fairy Tale". This translation uses the names Winnie-Poo, Piglet, and Christopher Robin. The illustrator of the first publication was the graphic artist Aleksey Laptev, the chapter in No. 9 for 1939 was illustrated by Mikhail Khrapkovsky.

The first complete translation of "Winnie the Pooh" in the USSR came out in 1958 in Lithuania (lit. Mikė Pūkuotukas), it was made by the 20-year-old Lithuanian writer Virgilijus Chepaitis, who used the Polish translation of Irena Tuvim. Subsequently, Chepaitis, having become acquainted with the English original, significantly revised his translation, which was then repeatedly reprinted in Lithuania.

In the same year, Boris Vladimirovich Zakhoder got acquainted with the book. Acquaintance began with an encyclopedic article. Here is what he himself said about it:

Our meeting took place in the library, where I looked through the English children's encyclopedia. It was love at first sight: I saw a picture of a cute bear cub, read a few poetic quotes - and rushed to look for a book. Thus came one of the happiest moments of my life: the days of work on Pooh.

In No. 8 of the Murzilka magazine for 1958, one of the chapters was published in the retelling of Boris Zakhoder: “How Mishka-Plyukh went to visit and ended up in a hopeless situation.” The Detgiz publishing house rejected the manuscript of the book (it was considered "American"), but on July 13, 1960, "Winnie the Pooh and Everyone Else" was signed for printing by the new Detsky Mir publishing house. Circulation of 215 thousand copies with illustrations by Alice Poret. The artist also illustrated a number of subsequent publications in the publishing house "Kid". Along with small black-and-white pictures, Poret also created color multi-figure compositions (“Saving Little Roo”, “Saveshnik”, etc.), as well as the first map of the Hundred-Acre Forest in Russian. Over time, the name of the book was established - "Winnie the Pooh and All-All-All." In 1965, the book, which had already become popular, was also published in Detgiz. The imprint of several early editions erroneously listed "Arthur Milne" as the author. Although in 1957 the publishing house "Iskusstvo" already published one book by Alan Alexander Milne ("Mr. In 1967, the Russian Winnie the Pooh was published by the American publishing house Dutton, where most of the books about Pooh were published and in whose building Christopher Robin's toys were stored at that time.

Song of Winnie the Pooh (from chapter 13)

Winnie the Pooh lives well in the world!
That is why he sings these Songs aloud!
And no matter what he's doing
If he doesn't get fat,
But he will not get fat,
And, on the contrary,
By-
hu-
deet!

Boris Zakhoder

The composition and composition of the original in Zakhoder's retelling were not fully respected. In the 1960 edition, only 18 chapters are present, the tenth from the first book and the third from the second are omitted (more precisely, the ninth chapter is reduced to a few paragraphs added at the end of the ninth). Only in 1990, on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the Russian Winnie the Pooh, Zakhoder translated both missing chapters. The third chapter of the second book was published separately in the journal Tram, in the February 1990 issue. Both chapters were included in the final edition of Zakhoder's translation as part of the collection "Winnie the Pooh and Much More", published in the same year and subsequently reprinted several times. In this edition, as in the first, there are no prefaces and dedications, although the division into two books (“Winnie the Pooh” and “The House at the Pooh Edge”) is restored, and the through numbering of chapters is replaced by a separate one for each book. The fragment at the end of the ninth chapter about the holiday in honor of Winnie the Pooh, now actually duplicating the text of the tenth chapter, has been preserved in full text. The very fact of the existence of a more complete edition of Zakhoder's translation is relatively little known; the text has already managed to enter the culture in an abbreviated form.

Zakhoder always emphasized that his book is not a translation, but paraphrase, the fruit of co-creation and "re-creation" of Milne in Russian. Indeed, his text does not always literally follow the original. A number of finds missing from Milne (for example, the various names of Pooh's songs - Noise Makers, Chants, Howlers, Nozzles, Puffers - or Piglet's question: “Does Heffalump love piglets? And How does he love them?"), fits well into the context of the work. Milne does not have a complete parallel and the widespread use of capital letters (Unknown Who, Relatives and Friends of the Rabbit), the frequent personification of inanimate objects (Pooh approaches the "familiar puddle"), more "fabulous" vocabulary, not to mention a few hidden references to Soviet reality. He ambiguously perceived the style of Zakhoder’s “Pooh” Korney Chukovsky: “His translation of Winnie the Pooh will be successful, although the translation style is shaky (in the English fairy tale, fathers, piglet, etc.)”. ().

At the same time, a number of researchers, including E. G. Etkind, still attribute this work to translations. Zakhoder's text also retains the language game and humor of the original, "the intonation and spirit of the original" and "with jewelry precision" conveys many important details. The advantages of the translation also include the absence of excessive Russification of the world of the fairy tale, the observance of the paradoxical English mentality.

The book in the retelling of Zakhoder from the 1960s-1970s was extremely popular not only as a children's reading, but also among adults, including the scientific intelligentsia. In the post-Soviet period, the tradition of the presence of Zakhoder's "Winnie the Pooh" in a stable circle of family reading continues.

From the first, abridged version of the retelling by Boris Zakhoder, and not from the English original, some translations of "Winnie the Pooh" into the languages ​​​​of the peoples of the USSR were made: Georgian (1988), Armenian (1981), one of the Ukrainian versions (A. Kostetsky).

Viktor Chizhikov participated in illustrating Soviet publications. More than 200 color illustrations, screensavers and hand-drawn titles for "Winnie the Pooh" belong to Boris Diodorov. B. Diodorov and G. Kalinovsky are the authors of black-and-white illustrations and color inserts in the 1969 edition of Children's Literature; a cycle of colored Diodorov illustrations was created in 1986-1989 and appeared in several editions. The first edition of the Ukrainian translation by Leonid Solonko was illustrated by Valentin Chernukha.

In the 1990s - 2000s, new series of illustrations continued to appear in Russia: Evgenia Antonenkova; Boris Diodorov continued his series of illustrations for the extended edition of Zakhoder's translation.

The 1990s became the time for the creation of new translations of Winnie the Pooh into Russian. Zakhoder's retelling has ceased to be the only one. Victor Weber's translation became the most famous of the alternatives to Zakhoder's and was published several times by the EKSMO publishing house; in addition, it was printed parallel to the original in a bilingual annotated edition published in 2001 by the Raduga publishing house. Weber's version retains the division into two parts, as well as the prefaces and poetic dedications in each of them, all 20 chapters are fully translated. Nevertheless, according to a number of critics, L. Bruni), this translation is not as valuable from an artistic point of view as Zakhoder's, and in a number of places it overly literalizes the original, neglecting the language game; the translator consistently strives to avoid Zakhoder's decisions, even where they are indisputable. Translations of poetry (performed not by Weber, but by Natalia Rein) were also criticized. Weber has Piglet - Piglet, Heffalump - Hobotun, and Tiger - Tiger.

There was a transformation of the names of the characters in the translations of Disney cartoons, although this has nothing to do with the translation of Milne's text. Since the names Piglet, Tiger, Eeyore were invented by Zakhoder, these names were changed to others ( Piglet, Tigrulya, Ushastik).

In 1996, the Moimpeks publishing house published a parallel English text, "for the convenience of learning languages", a translation by T. Vorogushin and L. Lisitskaya, which, according to A. Borisenko, "quite corresponds" to the task of interlinear, but, according to M Yeliferova, "is full of unmotivated deviations from the original, as well as such errors against Russian style that are not justified by referring to the tasks of the interlinear" . The names are the same as those of Zakhoder, however, the Owl, in accordance with the original, is made a male character, which with such a name in Russian looks like a mistake.

Screen adaptations

USA

In 1929, Milne sold the rights to commercial exploitation (eng. merchandising right) of the image of Winnie the Pooh to American producer Stephen Schlesinger. During this period, in particular, several performance records based on Milne's books were released, very popular in the USA [ ] . In 1961, these rights were bought from Schlesinger's widow by Disney Studios [ ] . The Disney Company has also acquired the copyright for Shepard's drawings, his teddy bear image is referred to as "Classic Pooh". According to the plot of some chapters of the first book, the studio released short cartoons ( Winnie the Pooh and the honey tree, winnie the pooh and worries day, Winnie the Pooh and Tigger with him! And ). In Disney films and publications, the character's name, unlike Milne's books, is written without hyphens ( Winnie the Pooh), which may reflect American punctuation as opposed to British punctuation. Since the 1970s, Disney has been releasing cartoons based on newly invented plots that are no longer associated with Milne's books. Many fans of Milne's works feel that the plots and style of Disney films have little to do with the spirit of the Vinnie books. The Milne family, in particular, Christopher Robin, spoke sharply negatively about Disney products.

The American researcher of creativity Milne Paola Connolly states: ““Untwisted”, parodied and modified in commercial production, the characters of the fairy tale have become a cultural myth, but a myth very far from the author. Especially this process of alienation intensified after the death of Milne. The appearance of the cartoon characters, in general, goes back to Shepard's illustrations, but the drawing is simplified, and some memorable features are exaggerated. Shepard's Winnie the Pooh wears a short red blouse only in winter (search for Buka), while Disney's wears it all year round.

The second cartoon about Winnie the Pooh called Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day won the 1968 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Subject. In total, in the 1960s, Disney released 4 short films about Winnie the Pooh: ( Winnie the Pooh and the honey tree, winnie the pooh and worries day, Winnie the Pooh and Tigger with him! And Winnie the Pooh and a holiday for Eeyore), as well as a television puppet show ( Welcome to Pooh's Edge).

A distinctive feature of the Americanization of the plot was the appearance in the full-length film The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977), which includes, along with new scenes, three previously released short cartoons, a new character named Gopher (in Russian translations, he is referred to as Gopher). The fact is that the gopher animal is found only in North America. Gopher's appearance has become programmatic - he exclaims: "Of course, I'm not in the book!".

Copyright for the image of Winnie the Pooh and his friends is one of the most profitable in the world, at least as far as literary characters are concerned. The Disney company now earns $1 billion a year from sales of videos and other Pooh-related products, the same as Disney's own famous images of Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Donald Duck, Goofy and Pluto combined. In a 2004 Hong Kong survey, Winnie was the favorite Disney cartoon character of all time. In 2005, similar sociological results were obtained at

Although the versions differ from each other, they are united by one thing - the friendship of a boy and a bear. This was the reason for writing the story.

Interesting Facts

Everyone who has ever read a book about Winnie or watched a cartoon knows that the bear does not like honey in the soul. Actually this is not true. The real Winnipeg didn't like honey, but she simply adored condensed milk. Growing up, Christopher told how he constantly treated her to condensed milk.

No one knows why the author added Pooh to the name of Winnie. Opinions vary. Some say that the bear got this nickname thanks to a swan named Pooh, who lived with friends of the Milns. Others were sure that all this was due to the pen with which the author wrote. The company that produced the pen of which the author wrote the work was called Swan Pen, which in translation sounds like “Swan Pen”.

forest life

The Milns did not live in London all their lives. In 1925, the whole family successfully moved to an estate near the city of Hartfield. The estate was located near Ashdown Forest, which became a favorite vacation spot for the whole family.

The emergence of Winnie the Pooh

Unlike other stories, shrouded in mysteries and myths, the story of the emergence of Winnie the Pooh himself is simple and understandable. Christopher Robin had a toy teddy bear called Winnie the Pooh. The child also had other toys, which later became the prototypes of the characters. Among them were: a piglet, whose donkey really had its tail torn off, a tiger cub and a kangaroo with a kangaroo cub. Milne has already invented the owl and the rabbit himself.

Conclusion

Although the story of Winnie the Pooh himself sometimes seems a little gloomy, the fairy tale itself has fallen in love with many generations. The story of friendship between a little boy and a teddy bear with sawdust in his head has stuck in the hearts of millions of children around the world, and perhaps even outlive us.

Vinnie is the mascot of the Corps. 1914

Like many other characters in Milne's book, Winnie the bear got its name from one of the real toys of Christopher Robin (-), the writer's son. In turn, the Winnie the Pooh teddy bear was named after a bear named Winnipeg (Winnie), kept in the 1920s at the London Zoo.

The Pooh books are set in Ashdown Forest in East Sussex, England, represented in the book as the Hundred Acre Wood. The Hundred Acre Wood, translated by Zakhoder - Wonderful forest).

List of stories/chapters

"Winnie the Pooh" is a dilogy, but each of Milne's two books is divided into 10 stories (stories) with their own plot, which can be read, filmed, etc. independently of each other. In many translations, the division into two parts is not preserved, stories can be numbered consecutively as chapters, and some of them are skipped. But still, both books are usually translated and published together. (The exception was the unusual fate of the German Winnie the Pooh: the first book was published in German translation in 1928, and the second only in; between these dates - a number of tragic events in German history.) Further, in parentheses, the name of the corresponding chapter is given in the retelling of Boris Zakhoder.

• First book - Winnie the Pooh:
  1. We Are Introduced to Winnie-the-Pooh and Some Bees and the Stories Begin(...in which we meet Winnie the Pooh and some bees).
  2. Pooh Goes Visiting and Gets Into a Tight Place(... in which Winnie the Pooh went to visit, but ended up in a stalemate).
  3. Pooh and Piglet Go Hunting and Nearly Catch a Woozle(... in which Pooh and Piglet went hunting and almost caught Buka).
  4. Eeyore Loses A Tail and Pooh Finds One(... in which Eeyore loses his tail, and Pooh finds it).
  5. Piglet Meets a Heffalump(... in which Piglet meets the Heffalump).
  6. Eeyore Has A Birthday And Gets Two Presents(... in which Eeyore had a birthday, and Piglet almost flew to the moon).
  7. Kanga And Baby Roo Come To The Forest And Piglet Has A Bath(... in which Kanga and Roo appear in the forest, and Piglet takes a bath).
  8. Christopher Robin Leads An Expotition To The North Field(... in which Christopher Robin organizes an "expedition" to the North Pole).
  9. Piglet Is Entirely Surrounded By Water(... in which Piglet is completely surrounded by water).
  10. Christopher Robin Gives Pooh A Party and We Say Goodbye(... in which Christopher Robin arranges a solemn Pyrgoroy and we say Goodbye to All-All-All).
• Second book - The House at Pooh Corner:
  1. A House Is Built At Pooh Corner For Eeyore(... in which a house is being built for Eeyore at the Pooh Edge).
  2. Tigger Comes to the Forest and Has Breakfast(... in which Tigger comes to the forest and has breakfast).
  3. A Search is Organized, and Piglet Nearly Meets the Heffalump Again(... in which searches are organized, and Piglet again almost got caught by the Heffalump).
  4. It Is Shown That Tiggers Don't Climb Trees(...which reveals that Tigers don't climb trees).
  5. Rabbit Has a Busy Day, and We Learn What Christopher Robin Does in the Mornings(...in which Rabbit is very busy and we meet Spotted Snapper for the first time).
  6. Pooh Invents a New Game and Eeyore Joins In(... in which Pooh invents a new game and Eeyore is included in it).
  7. Tiger Is Unbounced(... in which the Tigger is tamed).
  8. Piglet Does a Very Grand Thing(... in which Piglet performs a great feat).
  9. Eeyore Finds the Wolery and Owl Moves Into It(... in which Eeyore finds a co-worker and Owl moves in).
  10. Christopher Robin and Pooh Come to an Enchanted Place, and We Leave Them There(...in which we leave Christopher Robin and Winnie the Pooh in an enchanted place).

The most common version of Zakhoder's retelling has only 18 chapters; two of Milne's original chapters - the tenth from the first book and the third from the second - are omitted (more precisely, the tenth chapter is reduced to one paragraph, "fastened" at the end of the ninth). In 1990, on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the Russian Winnie the Pooh, Zakhoder translated these two chapters and released a complete edition, but this text turned out to be relatively little known; the abridged version is still being republished, and so far only it has been presented on the Internet.

Character

Winnie the Pooh, aka D.P. (Piglet's Friend), P.K. (Rabbit's Friend), O.P. (Pole Discoverer), U.I.-I. (Comforter Eeyore) and N. H. (Tail Finder) is the naive, good-natured and modest "Bear with Little Brains" (Eng. Bear of Very Little Brain); in Zakhoder's translation, Vinnie repeatedly says that there are sawdust in his head, although in the original it is only mentioned once about chaff ( pulp). Pooh is "frightened by long words", he is forgetful, but often brilliant ideas come to his head. Pooh's favorite pastimes are writing poetry and eating honey.

The image of Pooh is at the center of all 20 stories. In a number of initial stories, such as the story with the hole, the search for Buka, the capture of the Heffalump, Pooh gets into one or another "Keyless situation" and often gets out of it only with the help of Christopher Robin. In the future, the comic features in the image of Pooh recede into the background before the "heroic". Very often, a plot twist in a story is one or another unexpected decision by Pooh. The culmination of the image of the Pooh-hero falls on the 9th chapter of the first book, when Pooh, having offered to use Christopher Robin's umbrella as a vehicle (“We will sail on your umbrella”), saves Piglet from inevitable death; the whole tenth chapter is devoted to the great feast in honor of Pooh. In the second book, Pooh's feat compositionally corresponds to Piglet's Great Feat, which saves the heroes locked in a fallen tree where the Owl lived.

In addition, Pooh is the creator, the main poet of the Hundred Acre (Wonderful) Forest, he constantly composes poems from the noise that sounds in his head.

The name Winnie (it was worn by the she-bear after whom Pooh was named) is perceived in English as characteristically feminine (“I thought it was a girl,” Father says to Christopher Robin in the prologue). In the English tradition, teddy bears can be perceived as both "boys" and "girls", depending on the choice of the owner. Milne often refers to Pooh as a masculine pronoun (he), but often leaves his gender indefinite (it). In the vast majority of translations Pooh is masculine. The exception was the translation of Monika Adamczyk into Polish (), where the main character is a bear named Fredzia Phi-Phi. But this translation did not win recognition; in Poland, the pre-war translation by Irena Tuwim (sister of the poet Julian Tuwim) is considered a classic, where Kubus Puchatek masculine (moreover, even his name has been changed to unambiguously masculine - Kubuś is a diminutive of Jakub). Winnie the Pooh has another name - Edward(Edward), a diminutive of which is the traditional English name for teddy bears, Teddy. Bear (Bear) is always used as the "surname" of Pooh, after Christopher Robin knighted him, Pooh receives the title Sir Pooh de Bear(Sir Pooh de Bear).

Authentic Christopher Robin toys: Eeyore, Kanga, Pooh, Tigger and Piglet. New York Public Library

A Winnie the Pooh teddy bear that belonged to Christopher Robin is now in the New York Library's children's room. He doesn't look much like the bear we see in Shepard's illustrations. The model for the illustrator was "Growler" (Growler), his own son's teddy bear. Unfortunately, it was not preserved, becoming a victim of a dog that lived in the artist's family.

Pooh's best friend is piglet Piglet. Other characters:

• Christopher RobinChristopher Robin
• Eeyore (Eeyore)
• Little Roo
• Owl
• Rabbit
• Tiger (Tigger)

Disney adaptations and sequel films

Disney Winnie the Pooh

Winnie the Pooh in the USSR and Russia

The image of Winnie the Pooh, created by the artist E. Nazarov and the animator F. Khitruk

Retelling by Boris Zakhoder

The history of Winnie the Pooh in Russia begins in 1958, when Boris Vladimirovich Zakhoder met the book. Acquaintance began with an encyclopedic article. Here is what he himself said about it:

Our meeting took place in the library, where I looked through the English children's encyclopedia. It was love at first sight: I saw a picture of a cute bear cub, read a few poetic quotes - and rushed to look for a book. Thus came one of the happiest moments of my life: the days of work on Pooh.

"Detgiz" rejected the manuscript of the book (curiously, it was considered "American"). In 1960, it was published by the newly established Detsky Mir publishing house with illustrations by Alisa Ivanovna Poret. The original title of the book (under which the first edition was published) was "Winnie the Pooh and All the Rest", later the name "Winnie the Pooh and All-All-All" was established. In 1965, the already very popular book was published in Detgiz. The imprint of the first few editions erroneously listed "Arthur Milne" as the author of the book. Already in 1967, the Russian Winnie the Pooh was published by the American publishing house Dutton, where most of the books about Pooh were published and in the building of which Christopher Robin's toys were stored at that time.

Zakhoder always emphasized that his book is not a translation, but paraphrase, the fruit of co-creation and "re-creation" of Milne in Russian. Indeed, his text does not always literally follow the original. A number of finds missing from Milne (for example, the various names of Pooh's songs - Noise Makers, Chants, Howlers, Nozzles, Puffers - or Piglet's famous question: "Does Heffalump like piglets? And How does he love them?”), fits well into the context of the work.

As already mentioned, for a long time Zakhoder's retelling was published without two stories - "chapters" from Milne's original; they were first translated by him and included in the 1990 collection Winnie the Pooh and More. The "complete" version of Zakhoder's translation, however, is still little known compared to the earlier one.

Illustrations

In Soviet times, several series of illustrations for Winnie the Pooh became famous.

More than 200 color illustrations, screensavers and hand-drawn titles for "Winnie the Pooh" belong to Boris Diodorov.

• Winnie the Pooh () - based on the first chapter of the book
• Winnie the Pooh is visiting () - based on the second chapter of the book
• Winnie the Pooh and the Day of Worries () - based on the fourth (about the lost tail) and sixth (about the birthday) chapters of the book.

The script was written by Khitruk in collaboration with Zakhoder; the work of the co-authors did not always go smoothly, which ultimately became the reason for the termination of the release of cartoons (initially it was planned to release a series throughout the book, see Zakhoder's memoirs). Some episodes, phrases and songs (primarily the famous "Where are we going with Piglet ...") are not in the book and were written specifically for cartoons. On the other hand, Christopher Robin is excluded from the cartoon's plot (against Zakhoder's will); in the first cartoon, his plot role was transferred to Piglet, in the second - to the Rabbit.

While working on the film, Khitruk wrote to Zakhoder about his concept of the main character:

I understand him this way: he is constantly filled with some kind of grandiose plans, too complex and cumbersome for those trifling things that he is going to undertake, so plans collapse when they come into contact with reality. He constantly gets into trouble, but not out of stupidity, but because his world does not coincide with reality. In this I see the comic of his character and actions. Of course, he likes to devour, but this is not the main thing.

Actors of the first magnitude were involved in voicing the series. Winnie the Pooh was voiced by Evgeny Leonov, Piglet - Iya Savvina, Eeyore - Erast Garin.

The cartoon series has gained immense popularity. Quotes from it became the common property of Soviet children and adults and served as the basis for creating the image of Winnie the Pooh in Soviet humorous folklore (see below).

For this cycle, among other works, Khitruk received the USSR State Prize in 1976.

jokes

Winnie the Pooh and Piglet became characters in a cycle of Soviet jokes. This cycle is a testament to the popularity of cartoons among adults, as the jokes go far beyond "children's humor", and many are emphatically "non-childish". In them, some brutality and straightforwardness of the image of Pooh, obvious already in Khitruk's film, come to the fore; "adult" features are attributed to the bear - in addition to the "lover of devouring," Pooh becomes a lover of drinking and releasing witticisms with sexual overtones. Often in jokes in the spirit of black humor, the "gastronomic" qualities of Piglet are played up. Finally, the jokes about Pooh and Piglet, like the cycle about Stirlitz, contain elements of a language game (in particular, a pun), for example:

Somehow Piglet comes to Winnie the Pooh, and some bear opens the door.
- Hello, is Winnie the Pooh at home?
- Firstly, not Winnie the Pooh, but Benjamin the bear, and secondly, he is not at home!
Piglet, offended:
- Yeah, then tell that the boar Fifty dollars came in!

Jokes continue to be created in the post-Soviet era: for example, in one version of the text just quoted, the secretary of Pooh, the “new Russian,” is talking to Piglet, and in another joke, Piglet submits a denunciation “Winnie the Pooh lives well in the world” to the tax office.

Network humor

Winnie the Pooh brought to life a large layer of network humor. These are not only anecdotes, but also stories by different authors. The most popular theme is Winnie the Pooh as a hacker and sysop.

Publication of the original

J. T. Williams used the image of a bear to satire philosophy ( Pooh and the Philosophers, "Pooh and the Philosophers"), and Frederick Krüs - on literary criticism ( The Pooh Perplex, "Down confusion" and Postmodern Pooh, "Postmodern Pooh"). In "Down confusion" a comic analysis of "Winnie the Pooh" was made from the point of view of Freudianism, formalism, etc.

All these English-language works influenced the book of the semiotician and philosopher V.P. Rudnev "Winnie the Pooh and the Philosophy of Everyday Language" (the name of the hero - without a hyphen,). Milne's text is dissected in this book with the help of structuralism, the ideas of Bakhtin, the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein and a number of other ideas of the 1920s, including psychoanalysis. According to Rudnev, "aesthetic and philosophical ideas are always in the air ... VP appeared during the period of the most powerful flowering of prose of the 20th century, which could not but affect the structure of this work, could not, so to speak, cast its rays on it" . This book also contains a complete translation of both of Milne's books on Pooh (see above, under "New Translations").

Name in different languages

In English, between the name Winnie and the nickname Pooh there is the article the, as is usually the case in nicknames (cf. the names of the monarchs Alfred the Great - Alfred the Great, Charles the Bald - Charles the Bald, or literary and historical characters John the Baptist - John the Baptist, Tevye the Milkman - Tevye the milkman); likewise, for example, niderl. Winnie de Poeh and Yiddish װיני-דער-פּו ( Vini-der-pu). In many European languages, he is called one of these two names: “Bear Pooh” (German. Pu der Bar, Czech. Medvídek Pú, Bulgarian Sword Pooh) or "Winnie the Bear" (fr. Winnie l'ourson). The Poles, as already mentioned, call him Kubus (Yasha - a diminutive of Jakub) Puhatok (Polish. Kubus Puchatek). There are also names where there is neither Winnie nor Pooh, for example, Hung. Micimackó, Danish Peter Plys or Norwegian Ole Brumm.

In English, the "h" in the name Pooh is not pronounced, this name constantly rhymes with who or do, in German, Czech, Latin and Esperanto it is transmitted as Pu. Nevertheless, thanks to Zakhoder, the natural-sounding name entered the Russian tradition quite successfully. fluff(playing on Slavic words fluff, plump evident in the Polish name as well). In the Belarusian translation of Vital Voronov - Belarusian. Vinya-Pykh, the second part of the name is translated as "Pykh", which is consonant with Belarusian words puff(arrogance and pride) and out of breath.

In Zakhoder's retelling and in the credits of Soviet cartoons, Pooh's name is spelled, as in Milne's original, with a hyphen: Winnie the Pooh. In the 1990s, perhaps influenced by Disney cartoons, where Winnie the Pooh without hyphen, spelling variant spread Winnie the Pooh(for example, in the works of Rudnev and Mikhailova; in some editions of Weber's translation there is a hyphen, in others it is not). In the Russian Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Academy of Sciences, edited by V.V. Lopatin, the name is written with a hyphen. In the non-normative Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language by A. A. Zaliznyak, edition of the city, also given Winnie the Pooh. In accordance with the texts through which this name entered Russian culture, in this article the traditional spelling is adopted - through a hyphen.

Other interesting facts

Winnie the Pooh is so popular in Poland that in Warsaw and Poznan streets are named after him (pol. Ulica Kubusia Puchatka).

The sign on Pooh's house reads "Sanders". This is used as a pun in the story: Pooh "lives under the name" Sanders.

In modern English there is a very decent word Pu(English) Poo), meaning poop. The word sounds exactly like the bear's name.

The official date of birth of Winnie the Pooh is August 21, that is, the day when Christopher Robin Milne turned one year old. On this day, Milne gave his son a teddy bear (which, however, received the name Pooh only four years later).

The toys of Christopher Robin, which became the prototypes of the heroes of the book (except for Little Roo, who has not survived), are in the USA (given there by Milne the father for an exhibition, and after his death acquired by the Dutton publishing house), were kept in the publishing house, and now time on display at the New York Public Library. Many Britons believe that this most important part of the country's cultural heritage should return to their homeland. The question of the restitution of toys was raised even in the British Parliament (1998

Winnie the Pooh is the main character in two prose books by the English writer Alan Alexander Milne. The stories about the "bear with sawdust in his head", written for his only son Christopher, gained worldwide success. Ironically, it was the wonderful bear cub, beloved by the whole world, that overshadowed almost all the work of the English playwright already known at that time ...

Alan Alexander Milne was quite an "adult" writer and wrote serious books. He dreamed of earning the fame of the great author of detective stories, wrote plays and short stories. But... on December 24, 1925, on Christmas Eve, the first chapter of Pooh "in which we first meet Winnie the Pooh and the bees" was printed in the London evening paper and broadcast on BBC radio.

Both prose books about Winnie the Pooh are dedicated to "Her" - Milne's wife and Christopher Robin's mother Dorothy de Selincourt; these dedications are written in verse.

Winnie the Pooh: a trip to Russia

The wonderful teddy bear Winnie the Pooh very soon after his birth became very popular and began to travel around the world. Books about his adventures were published in many languages ​​of the world, including Russian.

The first translation of works about Winnie the Pooh into Russian was published in 1958 in Lithuania. However, the best and most famous translation is the one made by the writer Boris Vladimirovich Zakhoder.

In the same 1958, the writer was looking through an English children's encyclopedia in the library and quite by accident came across an image of a cute bear cub.

This teddy bear, named Winnie-the-Pooh, liked the writer so much that he rushed to look for a book about him and set to work on translating it into Russian. The first edition of the book in Russian was signed for publication on July 13, 1960. 215,000 copies were printed.

Russian Winnie the Pooh

At first the book was called "Winnie the Pooh and All the Rest", but then it was called "Winnie the Pooh and All-All-All". The book immediately became very popular and was reprinted in 1965. And in 1967, Winnie the Pooh in Russian was also published by the American publishing house Dutton, which released most of the books about Pooh.

Boris Zakhoder always emphasized that his book is not a literal translation of Alan Milne's book, but is a retelling, "understanding" of the book in Russian. The text of the Russian Winnie the Pooh does not always literally follow the original.

The tenth chapter from Milne's first book and the third chapter from Milne's second are omitted. And only in 1990, when Winnie the Pooh turned 30 in Russian, Zakhoder translated the missing chapters. However, the Russian Winnie the Pooh has already managed to enter children's literature in an "abbreviated" form.

Film adaptation of Winnie the Pooh

Since the 1960s, this book has become extremely popular not only among children, but also among their parents, as a wonderful book for family reading. Therefore, the adventures of friends were filmed.

Director Fyodor Khitruk at the Soyuzmultfilm film studio created three animated films about Winnie the Pooh:

• In 1969 - Winnie the Pooh
• In 1971 - Winnie the Pooh comes to visit
• In 1972 - Winnie the Pooh and the day of worries

The script for these cartoons was written by Khitruk in collaboration with Zakhoder. Unfortunately, their relationship was complicated, and only three episodes were produced, although it was originally planned to have an animated series based on the entire book.

Some episodes, songs and phrases are missing from the book (for example, the famous song "Where are we going with Piglet"), as they were composed and written specifically for cartoons.

Actors of the first magnitude were involved in voicing cartoons: Evgeny Leonov (Winnie the Pooh), Iya Savvina (Piglet), Erast Garin (Donkey Eeyore). The cartoon cycle gave the adventures of friends even more popularity.

Differences between the original Winnie and the Russian version:

Names

The meaning of the names of the heroes in the original and in our translation is interesting. So, Winnie-the-Pooh turned into Winnie the Pooh, and Piglet turned into Piglet.

♦ The original name of the main character - Winnie-the-Pooh - should literally be translated as Winnie-Foo, but this option can hardly be considered harmonious. The Russian word "pooh" is similar in spelling with the English pooh - that is, the usual transliteration, in addition, it was with this pooh that Christopher Robin called swans to him, and fluff is associated with them. By the way, everyone remembers that Winnie the Pooh has sawdust in his head, although in the original Winnie is a bear with very small brains.

♦ The English word piglet, which became its own in Milne's book, means "pig". It is this meaning that should be considered the closest in meaning, but for a Soviet child, and now for a Russian one, this character is known in literary translation as Piglet.

♦ Donkey Eeyore in Russian translation became Eeyore. By the way, this is a literal translation - Eeyore sounds like "iyo", and this is the sound that donkeys make.

♦ Owl - Owl - remained an owl, like Rabbit - Rabbit and actually Tigger - Tigger.

Owl

Despite the fact that the name of this character has practically remained the same - Owl really translates into Russian as an owl, the hero himself has undergone significant changes in the Russian version. Milne came up with a masculine character, that is, in Russia he should be called either Owl (which, of course, is far from the original), Owl or even Owlet. With us, first of all, thanks to the translation of Boris Zakhoder, this is a female character. By the way, Owl Milna is far from the most intelligent hero of the book - she likes to use smart words, but is not very literate, and Owl Zakhoder - and the Soviet cartoon directed by Khitruk - is a smart elderly lady who resembles a school teacher.

"Outsider V."

The famous sign with the inscription "Outsider V.", which hangs next to the entrance to Piglet's house, is also worthy of our attention.

In the Russian version with the inscription there are no questions - it means "no entry to outsiders", however, Piglet himself explained it this way: Outsiders V. is the name of his grandfather - Outsiders Willy or William Outsiders, and the plate is valuable for his family.

In the original, the situation is much more interesting. The English phrase Trespassers W. is an abbreviated version of Trespassers Will be prosecuted, which literally means “Those who invaded this territory will be prosecuted” (which is completely replaced by the traditional “Entrance is prohibited to outsiders”).

According to some reports, Milne may have deliberately included this phrase in his text so that the children, having read up to this episode, asked their parents to tell them about this expression and, first of all, the words trespasser and trespass.

Heffalump

The scary and terrible Heffalump is a fictional character in stories about Winnie the Pooh. In English, the word heffalump is used, which is similar in sound and spelling to another English word - actually used in the language - elephant, which means "elephant". By the way, this is how the Heffalump is usually depicted. In the Russian translation, the chapter dedicated to this character - ... in which a search is organized, and Piglet meets the Heffalump again (the chapter in which the search is organized, and Piglet meets the Heffalump again), did not appear immediately - Zakhoder translated it only in 1990.

Cartoon

The original version and the Soviet cartoon Khitruk are very different.

♦ First, there is no Christopher Robin in the cartoon.

♦ Secondly, the Soviet Winnie the Pooh is more like a real bear, while Winnie Milne is a toy. It also looks like a child's toy in the Disney cartoon. In addition, our Winnie the Pooh does not wear clothes, and the original one sometimes wears a blouse.

♦ Thirdly, characters such as Tigra, Kanga and Roo are missing.

♦ Fourthly, the loss of Eeyore's tail and its miraculous finding associated with a birthday are only found in the cartoon. In the book, these two events are completely unrelated to each other - two separate stories.

Songs of Winnie the Pooh

The famous songs of Winnie the Pooh - "I am Cloud, Cloud, Cloud, and not a bear at all" - in the Russian version are more colorful. First of all, thanks to their name. What in English is simply called song - “song”, in Russian is called “song-puffer”, “grumbler”, “noisemaker”.

The appearance of Kanga in the original version of the work is a real shock for the heroes. The reason for this is the fact that all the characters that act in the book at that time are masculine, and Kanga is feminine. That is why the invasion of the girl's boy world becomes a big problem for the rest. In the Russian version, this effect does not work, since our Owl is also feminine.

♦ Christopher Robin's real toys were also Piglet, Eeyore without a tail, Kang, Roo and Tiger. Owl and Rabbit Milne invented himself.

♦ Christopher Robin's toys are in the New York Public Library.

♦ In 1996, Milne's favorite teddy bear was sold in London at the Bonham House auction to an unknown buyer for £4,600.

♦ The very first person in the world who was lucky enough to see Winnie the Pooh was the then young artist, Punch magazine cartoonist Ernest Sheppard. It was he who first illustrated Winnie the Pooh.

♦ Initially, the teddy bear and his friends were black and white, and then they became colored. And the teddy bear of his son posed for Ernest Sheppard, not Pooh at all, but “Growler” (or Grumpy).

♦ When Milne died, no one had any doubts that he had discovered the secret of immortality. And this is not 15 minutes of fame, this is real immortality, which, contrary to his own expectations, was brought to him not by plays and short stories, but by a little bear with sawdust in his head.

♦ Worldwide sales of Winnie the Pooh since 1924. to 1956 exceeded 7 million.

♦ By 1996, about 20 million copies had been sold, and by Muffin alone. This does not include publishers in the US, Canada, and non-English speaking countries.

According to Forbes magazine, Winnie the Pooh is the second most profitable character in the world, second only to Mickey Mouse. Every year, Winnie the Pooh brings in $5.6 billion in revenue.

♦ At the same time, Milne's granddaughter, living in England, Claire Milne, is trying to get her bear cub back. Or rather, the right to it. So far unsuccessful.

The most famous bear cub in the world turns 85 today: Winnie-the-Pooh, Winnie de Poeh, Pu der Bär, Medvídek Pú, Winnie l "ourson, Kubuś Puchatek, Micimackó, Peter Plys, Ole Brumm and the more familiar Winnie the Pooh - that's all he is.

His "official" birthday is August 21, 1921, the day Alan Alexander Milne gave his son the toy that became famous all over the world. True, not immediately - at first the name of Winnie belonged to the Winnipeg bear, "an acquaintance" of little Christopher Robin, but only three years later it was "gifted" to the bear cub.

There were other options: Winnie could become Edward. Edward Baer, ​​from the diminutive Teddy Bear, which is the name of all teddy bears in England - "Teddy Bear". Sometimes they mistakenly believe that Winnie the Pooh has a third name - Mr. Sanders. But this is not at all true: according to the book, he literally lived under this name, it's just an inscription on Vinnie's house. Perhaps this is his older relative, or just some kind of bear, about which we know nothing.

Pooh also had many titles: Piglet Friend, Rabbit's Companion, Pole Discoverer, Eeyore's Comforter and Tail Finder, Very Low IQ Bear and Christopher Robin's First Mate on the Ship, Pleasantly Mannered Bear. By the way, in the last chapter, Winnie becomes a knight, so he can rightfully be called Sir Pooh de Bear, that is, Sir Pooh Bear, write the creators of the official website about Winnie the Pooh.

Christopher Robin's real toys were also Piglet, Eeyore without a tail, Kanga, Roo and Tiger. Milne invented the owl and the Rabbit himself, and in Shepard's illustrations they look not like toys, but like real animals.

The prefix Pooh (Pooh) in the name of the bear cub appeared thanks to a swan who lived with friends Milnov, he appears in the collection "When we were very small." By the way, it is necessary to pronounce it correctly as "Pu", but in the Russian language "fluff" has taken root also because it hints at the plumpness, fluffiness of the protagonist. However, in the book of Boris Zakhoder there is another explanation: "If a fly landed on his nose, he had to blow it off:" Puff! Pooh!" And maybe - although I'm not sure - maybe that's when they called him Pooh.

Winnie the Pooh is the main character in two of Milne's books: Winnie-the-Pooh (the first chapter was published in a newspaper before Christmas, December 24, 1925, the first separate edition was published October 14, 1926 by the London publishing house Methuen & Co) and The House at Pooh Corner (House on Poohovoy edge, 1928). In addition, two collections of Milne's children's poems, When We Were Very Young (When we were very young) and Now We Are Six (Now we are six years old), contain several poems about Winnie the Pooh.

The Pooh books are set in Ashdown Forest in East Sussex, England, presented in the book as The Hundred Acre Wood.

Despite the image familiar to us, in the original he looks a little different: he has chaff (pulp) in his head, while, according to Zakhoder, he has sawdust in his head. Pooh is "frightened by long words", he is forgetful, but often brilliant ideas come to his head. Pooh's favorite pastimes are composing poetry (noise makers, howlers, chants and puffers) and eating honey.