It is no coincidence that hissing consonants got such an interesting name - they really seem to hiss, because they are pronounced in a special way. Our article for grade 2 students tells in detail about them: what groups such sounds are divided into, which ones have features and phonetic characteristics.
What are these sounds and how to pronounce them
Hissing sounds are distinguished from the rest by the acoustic noise that they produce, that is, hissing. You can pronounce them correctly only with the lips open and slightly extended forward, while the teeth are almost closed. Thus, a gap is obtained, passing through which the air hisses. So, a striking example of a hissing consonant sound is the sound [u], which is clearly pronounced in this way, without adding a voice. All four of these sounds are always pronounced on the exhale. At the same time, the sound does not pass from the sides: it is blocked by the tongue pressed against the molars and the hard palate. That is, in order to pronounce the hissing sound correctly, you need to “make” a ladle from the tongue.
We can say that they have a difficult character - it is difficult to pronounce them not only for children, but also for many adults. To learn how to do this correctly, you need to monitor not only the setting of the tongue and lips, but also the exhaled air: its jet passes approximately in the middle and should be wide enough. You can check this by raising your hand to your mouth.
If you follow your articulation, you will notice that all hissing sounds are based on one - [w]. So, [g] appears if you add a voice to it, that is, a trembling of the vocal cords. With [u], the middle part of the tongue rises, and with [h], a bow in front of the labiodental fissure is also added to such a rise.
Unpaired or paired?
The science of the Russian language considers unpaired sounds [h] and [u], and [zh] and [sh] - paired only on one basis. And indeed, since other sounds that have a pair, they cannot be completely combined. However, there are two signs by which they can be combined into groups - this is sonority / deafness and hardness / softness. So, [g] and [w] are only hard sounds, and [h] and [u] are soft. It doesn't matter what vowels come after them. Even if you put a soft sign after the letter denoting a hard hissing, the sound will be pronounced firmly.
As for the division into deaf and voiced, [w], [h] and [u] belong to the first category, and only [g] to the second, since a voice is added when it is pronounced. Thus, [g] and [w] are paired on the basis of deafness / voicedness.
It used to be different - [w] and [w] were soft, but already from the 14th century they began to become the same as they are today, that is, hard.
Phonetic characteristics of hissing sounds
So, each sound has its own characteristics. To consolidate the information, you need to parse all four separately, without mentioning in the classification that they are hissing:
- [g] - solid, voiced, paired.
- [w] - solid, deaf, paired.
- [h] - soft, deaf, unpaired.
- [u] - soft, deaf, unpaired.
What have we learned?
There are only four hissing sounds in Russian - these are [w], [g], [h] and [u]. They are so called because of the special manner of pronunciation. Their phonetic characteristics, the way they are pronounced, make these sounds special and complex.
In Russian, consonants have several classifications. Let's analyze them separately.
Hard and soft, paired, unpaired
All letters of the Russian alphabet, except for vowels (a, o, u, e, s, e, u, i, ё, u), as well as hard (b) and soft (b) signs, are consonants. Only consonants can be divided into soft and hard.
For example, (b) - (b´): bolt-bit, (d) - (d´): oak - business. In the first case, the consonant sound is hard, in the second - soft.
By hardness-softness, consonants form pairs. There are 15 such pairs. Consonants do not have a pair - (c), (g), (w), (h), (u), (d). In this regard, they are called unpaired.
Among unpaired 4 consonants hiss when pronounced, that is, they are hissing. This is (g), (w), (u), (h). In this case, (w) and (g) are always hard, and (u) and (h) are always soft. It just needs to be remembered.
Thus, (w) and (g) are solid unpaired hissing consonants.
Features of the use of "zh" and "sh" in words
So, let's look at how these sounds manifest themselves in words. Let's do a sound analysis.
Shorts - (shorts). Here the sound (sh) stands next to the sound (o). There are no doubts about pronunciation and spelling.
Whisper - (sh o p a t). Since the sound (sh) is always hard, the sound (e) is not able to soften it, as, for example, in the word "children", where (d´) becomes soft. Doubts arise when choosing between "e" and "o". In this case, to check the spelling, we select a single-root word with “e” or “e” (whisper).
As for the sound (g), the same rule applies here. Only it is necessary to distinguish between the roots - burnt and -burn. To choose the correct spelling, we turn to the context.
For example, "Petya burned his hand." In this context, it means action. "Burn" is a verb, so "ё" is written. "Father had a severe burn." Here the word "burn" is a noun and it is written with "o".
Another rule: "zhi-shi always write through I." It means that after "w" and "sh" "s" cannot be written. In general, the exceptions are:
- foreign words (fichu, jury);
- foreign names (Jules);
- abbreviations (interbureau).
Usually, children do not have serious difficulties in understanding the difference between vowels and consonants. But on hard and soft consonants, you should dwell in more detail.
How to teach children to distinguish between hard and soft consonants
The very first thing to teach a child is that consonants can be hard and soft, but not letters.
Typical mistake:
Children confuse sound and letter. Remember that a sound is a sound, and a letter is an icon, it is written. A letter cannot be hard or soft, only a consonant sound can be hard or soft in pronunciation.
Sometimes children can easily learn to distinguish between soft and hard sounds by ear.
But it happens that this is difficult, and in this case, signs will come to the rescue by which one can distinguish hard sounds from soft ones.
Distinctive features of soft and hard sounds
What sound comes after the consonant:
- If after the consonant there is a vowel a, o, u, e, s, then the consonant is solid.
- If after the consonant there is a vowel and, e, u, i, then the consonant is soft.
Working with examples:
In the words "mother", "nora" - solid consonants, because after them come "a" and "o".
In the words "fly", "nanny" - consonants are soft, because after them come "e", "and", "I".
- If another consonant sounds after a consonant, then the first consonant will be hard.
- There are sounds that can only be hard and sounds that can only be soft, no matter what sound is heard and what letter is written after them.
Always solid sounds - w, w, c.
Always soft - th, h, u.
A common way to learn these sounds is a simple technique: we write the letters that convey these sounds in a line, and underline "th, h, u". The underline symbolizes the pillow on which soft sounds sit. The pad is soft, so the sounds are soft.
Soft sign and hard sign
- If the consonant is at the end of the word, and after it is the letter “b”, then the consonant is soft.
This rule is easy to apply if the child sees the written word, but it will not help if the child performs the task by ear.
Movement of the tongue when pronouncing soft and hard sounds
When pronouncing a soft sound, the tongue moves slightly forward, approaching the palate (or touching it) with its middle.
When pronouncing solid sounds, the tongue does not move forward.
Table of signs of hard and soft sounds
Solid:
- Before a, o, u, uh, s.
- At the end of a word before a consonant.
- Zh, c, sh.
Soft:
- Before the vowels e, e, i, u, i.
- If after the consonant there is a soft sign (dust, measles).
- Y, h, sh.
A picture or just a list of thematic words is shown, and the task is given to choose words with soft or hard consonants. For example:
Voiced and voiceless consonants
There are 11 pairs of voiced/voiced consonants in Russian.
The phonetic difference between voiced and voiceless consonants lies in the tension of the vocal cords. Deaf sounds are pronounced with the help of noise, without tension of the ligaments. Voiced sounds are pronounced with a voice, are caused by the vibration of the vocal cords, because. noisy air comes out of the larynx.
Mnemonic technique for memorizing deaf sounds:
Memorize the phrase: “Stepka, do you want a cabbage? - Fi! All consonants here are deaf.
Examples of tasks for children
Tasks for training the difference of paired consonants can be compiled for each pair according to the following principle (using the example of the D/T pair):
Tasks for the difference between a pair of consonants Г/К
Hissing consonant sounds - Russian Language Textbook Grade 1 (Kanakina, Goretsky)
Short description:
Very often, the names of speech sounds are given for a reason. The vowels are so named because they are vociferous. A new topic in your Russian textbook is called “Hissing Consonants”. These are the sounds [w] and [g], [u '] and [h ']. And they really hiss, don't they?! It turns out that such a name was given to them on the principle of onomatopoeia. In the science of the Russian language, they are unpaired. But still they form two pairs. Always solid unpaired [w] and [g] - this is one pair. And always soft unpaired [u ’] and [h ’] are different. Not only in their sound, but also in their character, these consonants stand out from others. We can say that they have a difficult character. Several rather difficult cases of spelling in Russian written speech are associated with them. You should take a closer look and listen to the hissing consonant sounds. To study their character, to understand their peculiarities, means to successfully cope with those rules that will need to be learned in the future. 
hissing sounds
Hissing sounds SHIS, -pl, -pis; nesov.
Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949-1992 .
See what "Hissing sounds" are in other dictionaries:
- (gram.) in school grammatical terminology, the anterior lingual alveolar spirants of coronal articulation deaf w and voiced w, as well as the complex consonant deaf h, consisting of palatal (soft) alveolar stop t and ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Palatal (palatine dental) fricative (g) and (w) and affricate (h), so called by the acoustic impression they produce ... Dictionary of linguistic terms
Self-name: slüvensťĕ, vensťĕ Countries: Germany ... Wikipedia
hiss, spit, write; incompatibility 1. Make deaf sounds, reminiscent of the drawn out pronunciation of the sound “sh”. The snake hisses. 2. trans. To speak in a voice choked with anger (colloquial). 3. trans. To grumble, scold, expressing one's discontent, anger (colloquial). Sh.… … Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
Vulture turkey ... Wikipedia
Vertineck ... Wikipedia
Vulture turkey Vulture turkey Scientific classification Kingdom: Animals Type ... Wikipedia
The most characteristic sign of birds from the family of ducks can be considered their beak, which serves as a sieve and allows them to hunt their food in a special way. This beak is rarely longer than the head, usually straight, wide, flat on the upper part ... ... Animal life
"Dove" redirects here; see also other meanings. Rock dove ... Wikipedia
Rock dove Scientific classification Kingdom: Animals Type: Chordates ... Wikipedia
Books
- Hissing sounds, Novotortseva N. The Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education (FSES DO) reflects the need for corrective work with preschool children. The material of the notebook allows ...
- Hissing sounds, N. V. Novotortseva. The Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education (FSES DO) reflects the need for corrective work with preschool children. The material of the notebook allows ...
