School Encyclopedia. Alyonushka's Tales - Mamin-Sibiryak D.N.

Tales of Mamin-Siberian

Mamin-Sibiryak wrote many stories, fairy tales, novels for adults and children. The works were published in various children's collections and magazines, printed as separate books. The tales of Mamin-Sibiryak are interesting and informative to read, he truthfully, with a strong word, tells about a difficult life, describes his native Ural nature. Children's literature for the author meant the connection of the child with the adult world, so he took it seriously.

Tales Mamin-Sibiryak wrote, pursuing the goal of raising fair, honest children. A sincere book works wonders, the writer often said. Wise words thrown on fertile ground will bear fruit, because children are our future. The tales of Mamin-Sibiryak are diverse, designed for children of any age, because the writer tried to reach out to every child's soul. The author did not embellish life, did not justify or justify himself, he found warm words that convey the kindness and moral strength of the poor. Describing the lives of people and nature, he subtly and easily conveyed and taught how to take care of them.

Mamin-Sibiryak worked hard and hard on himself, on his skill, before he began to create literary masterpieces. The fairy tales of Mamin-Sibiryak are loved by adults and children, they are included in the school curriculum, staging children's matinees in the gardens. The author's witty and sometimes unusual stories are written in the style of a conversation with young readers.

Mom's Sibiryak Alyonushka's fairy tales

Mamin-Sibiryak begins to read from kindergarten or elementary school. The collection of Alyonushka's tales of Mamin-Sibiryak is the most famous of them. These small tales of several chapters speak to us through the mouths of animals and birds, plants, fish, insects and even toys. The nicknames of the main characters touch adults and amuse children: Komar Komarovich - a long nose, Ersh Ershovich, Brave Hare - long ears and others. At the same time, Mamin-Sibiryak Alyonushka wrote fairy tales not only for entertainment, the author skillfully combined useful information with exciting adventures.

The qualities that develop the tales of Mamin-Sibiryak (in his own opinion):

Modesty;
industriousness;
Sense of humor;
Responsibility for the common cause;
Selfless strong friendship.

Alyonushka's fairy tales. Reading order

Saying;
Tale of the brave Hare - long ears, slanting eyes, short tail;
The Tale of the Kozyavochka;
The tale about Komar Komarovich is a long nose and about shaggy Misha is a short tail;
Vanka name day;
The Tale of Sparrow Vorobeich, Ruff Ershovich and the cheerful chimney sweep Yasha;
A fairy tale about how the last Fly lived;
The Tale of the Crow-black head and the yellow bird Canary;
Smarter than everyone;
The Tale of Milk, Oatmeal Kashka and gray cat Murka;
It's time to sleep.

Mamin-Siberian. Childhood and youth

The Russian writer Mamin-Sibiryak was born in 1852 in the village of Visim in the Urals. The place of birth in many respects predetermined his easy character, warm kind heart, love for work. The father and mother of the future Russian writer raised four children, earning their bread by hard many hours of work. From childhood, little Dmitry not only saw poverty, but lived in it.

Children's curiosity led the child to completely different places, opening pictures with arrested workers, causing sympathy and at the same time interest. The boy loved to talk for a long time with his father, asking him about everything he had seen during the day. Like his father, Mamin-Sibiryak began to acutely feel and understand what honor, justice, lack of equality are. After many years, the writer repeatedly described the harsh life of the common people from his childhood.

When Dmitry became sad and anxious, his thoughts flew to his native Ural mountains, memories flowed in a continuous stream and he began to write. For a long time, at night, pouring out their thoughts on paper. Mamin-Sibiryak described his feelings as follows: “It seemed to me that in my native Urals even the sky is cleaner and higher, and people are sincere, with a broad soul, as if I myself became different, better, kinder, more confident.” Mamin-Sibiryak wrote the kindest fairy tales precisely at such moments.

The love of literature was instilled in the boy by his adored father. In the evenings, the family read books aloud, replenished the home library and were very proud of it. Mitya grew up thoughtful and addicted ... Several years passed and Mamin-Sibiryak turned 12 years old. It was then that his wanderings and hardships began. His father sent him to study in Yekaterinburg at the school - bursa. There, all issues were resolved by force, the elders humiliated the younger ones, they fed poorly, and Mitya soon fell ill. Of course, his father immediately took him home, but after a few years he was forced to send his son to study in the same bursa, since there would not be enough money for a decent gymnasium. The teachings in the bursa left an indelible mark on the heart of a child at that time. Dmitry Narkisovich said that later it took him many years to expel terrible memories and all the accumulated anger from his heart.

After graduating from the bursa, Mamin-Sibiryak entered the theological seminary, but left it, as he himself explained that he did not want to become a priest and deceive people. Having moved to St. Petersburg, Dmitry entered the veterinary department of the Medical and Surgical Academy, then moved to the Faculty of Law and never graduated.

Mamin-Siberian. First work

Mamin-Sibiryak studied well, did not miss classes, but was a keen person, which for a long time prevented him from finding himself. Dreaming of becoming a writer, he determined for himself two things that needed to be done. The first is to work on your own language style, the second is to understand people's lives, their psychology.

Having written his first novel, Dmitry took it to one of the editorial offices under the pseudonym Tomsky. Interestingly, the editor of the publication at that time was Saltykov-Shchedrin, who, to put it mildly, gave a low rating to the work of Mamin-Sibiryak. The young man was so depressed that, leaving everything, he returned to his family in the Urals.

Then troubles came one after another: the illness and death of his beloved father, numerous moves, fruitless attempts to get an education after all ... Mamin-Sibiryak went through all the trials with honor and already in the early 80s the first rays of glory fell on him. The collection "Ural stories" was published.

Finally, about the tales of Mamin-Sibiryak

Mamin-Sibiryak began to write fairy tales when he was already an adult. Before them, many novels and short stories were written. A talented, warm-hearted writer, Mamin-Sibiryak enlivened the pages of children's books, penetrating young hearts with his kind words. Alyonushka's tales of Mamin-Sibiryak should be read especially thoughtfully, where the author easily and informatively laid down a deep meaning, the strength of his Ural character and nobility of thought.
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Mamin-Siberian. Stories and tales
for children. Reading for free online

Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin, whom readers know by the surname Mamin-Sibiryak, was born on November 6, 1852 in the village of Visim in the Perm province in the family of a hereditary priest Narkisa Mamin. The writer recalled his childhood reverently: “There was not a single bitter memory, not a single childish reproach,” and in his numerous letters to his parents, the words “Mom” and “Dad” were written with a capital letter.

But in adulthood, Dmitry was destined for terrible trials of poverty, serious illnesses, dozens of unpublished works and drama in his personal life ...

“Wrote 100 volumes, published 36”

While studying at the Yekaterinburg Theological School, Dmitry Mamin practically starved. About that period he will write later: “the school did not give anything to my mind, did not read a single book ... and did not acquire any knowledge.”

Then there was a study at the veterinary department of the Medical and Surgical Academy of St. Petersburg. Without completing his studies, he moved to the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. In order to somehow feed himself, he wrote to newspapers, earned money by tutoring. "I spent three years wandering 12 hours a day in private lessons." The writer recalled the life of that period as a difficult period - sometimes he did not have food for several days, his clothes were old, full of holes. Of course, constant malnutrition and hypothermia made themselves felt - Dmitry fell ill with a severe form of tuberculosis. Due to illness, he quits his studies and leaves for the Urals in the city of Nizhnyaya Salda, where his parents had moved by that time. But soon a new misfortune struck the future writer - his father passed away from a serious illness. And Dmitry takes care of all the maintenance of his mother and sister.

Trying to earn money, he literally does not get up from the table and writes, writes articles, essays, novels. It was the most difficult period that not everyone could survive - for 9 years. Mamin sent dozens of his works to various editorial offices and was refused everywhere. “It will be typed into 100 volumes, but only 36 have been published,” he later admitted. The author Dmitry Sibiryak signed - then everything that was beyond the Ural Mountains was considered Siberia. And under the novels, the writer put the signature Mamin-Sibiryak. Unlike other writers, Mamin-Sibiryak mastered almost all literary genres: novel, essay, story, short story, fairy tale, legend.

It was not until 1881 that the Russkiye Vedomosti newspaper in Moscow finally published a series of essays “from the Urals to Moscow”. Later, essays about the Ural land and the novel "Privalovsky Millions" were published in the magazine "Delo" of St. Petersburg.

M. Gorky, D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak, N. D. Teleshov and I. A. Bunin. Yalta, 1902. Neva magazine, No. 49, 1914, p. 947.

"I owe her too much"

By the way, he finished this novel in September 1883 in the house Maria Yakimovna Alekseeva, with whom the writer lived in a civil marriage from 1878 to 1891. Narodnik Sergeev from Nizhny Tagil recalled that she was one of the most educated women in the Urals at that time, spoke several foreign languages, was a good literary editor, and played the piano. Maria Yakimovna was older than Mamin-Sibiryak and left her husband for the sake of the young writer, even though she had three children. She edited the works of Dmitry, sometimes even rewriting entire pieces anew and did not let him fall into melancholy due to the fact that the novels were not published.

Dmitry in one of the letters will write to his mother: “I owe too much to Maria Yakimovna in everything, and in my stories a good half belongs to her”, “she is always ready to give the last to help another”.

Thanks to Alekseeva, Dmitry Narkisovich began to publish more actively over time, managed to save up for a house in the center of Yekaterinburg for his mother and sister. Major works "Bread", "Mountain Nest", "Gold", "Three Ends" were published. In the novel "Three Ends" Mamin-Sibiryak described all the hardships of the life of factory workers in the Urals in the first decade after the abolition of serfdom. Classic Chekhov will say about the style of Mamin-Sibiryak: “Mamin’s words are all real, but he himself speaks them and does not know others.”

And yet, for the public, the writer for many years was a "talented provincial" and nothing more. His novels never became, in modern terms, bestsellers, unlike the works of his colleagues. This incredibly offended Mamin-Sibiryak, in 1889 he complained to a friend in a letter that he “gave them a whole region with people, nature and all the riches, and they don’t even look at my gift.” Metropolitan criticism point-blank did not notice his works, which extremely depressed the writer. He became depressed and drank.

Maria Moritsovna Heinrich-Abramova. Source: Public Domain

Bright comet of happiness

But further into the life of Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak comes not just love - passion. A 40-year-old writer meets a 25-year-old actress from St. Petersburg Maria Moritsevna Heinrich-Abramova and falls in love with her. But their romance took place in the most difficult conditions - firstly, the husband does not give Maria a divorce, secondly, all relatives and friends dissuade Dmitry Narkisovich from this union, thirdly, the writer is tormented by a wild sense of guilt before Yakimova, who put their family life on the altar Life is literally everything... Fourthly, Abramova is not allowed to play because of gossip...

As a result, Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak and Maria Abramova leave for St. Petersburg. About that period, Dmitry Narkisovich will write to one of his friends that there were “15 months of absolute happiness” in his life. On March 20, 1892, the writer's lover gives birth to a girl. The child comes at a huge price - Maria Moritsevna died the day after giving birth. Mamin-Sibiryak will write to his mother: “... happiness flashed like a bright comet, leaving a heavy and bitter aftertaste ... Sad, hard, lonely. Our girl is in our arms Elena all my happiness." At that time, Dmitry Narkisovich almost committed suicide, started drinking again, almost lost his mind. In a letter to his sister, he says: “I have one thought about Marusya ... I go for a walk in order to talk loudly with Marusya.”

Stories for Alyonushka

The only thing that keeps him on the ground is his daughter with cerebral palsy, whom he calls Alyonushka. The nanny helps the girl to take care of, "Aunt Olya" - subsequently Olga Frantsevna Guvale will become the wife of Mamin-Sibiryak.

Sitting by his daughter's bed, the writer tells her stories. So there was a cycle of works for children "Alyonushka's Tales", published in 1896. Mamin-Sibiryak says: “This is my favorite book. It was written by love itself.

Unfortunately, Dmitry Narkisovich had to spend a lot of effort to achieve paternity rights. After all, the girl was listed as "the illegitimate daughter of the petty bourgeois Abramova."

And only many years later, thanks to the great efforts of the writer's wife Olga Frantsevna, as a result, official documents were received.

The last period of the writer's life was incredibly difficult. One by one, his writer friends die Anton Chekhov, Gleb Uspensky, Konstantin Stanyukovich, Nikolai Garin-Mikhailovsky. Mamin-Sibiryak himself is practically not printed, he is in poverty. In 1910, his beloved mother died. In 1911, the writer suffers a cerebral hemorrhage, he is paralyzed. In the summer of 1912, Mamin-Sibiryak fell ill with pleurisy of the lungs. The "singer of the Urals" passed away in November 1912 in St. Petersburg. Two years later, his beloved daughter Alyonushka will die of tuberculosis.

In the family of the factory priest Narkis Matveyevich Mamin (1827-1878). He was educated at home, then studied at the Visim school for the children of workers, later at the Yekaterinburg Theological School (1866-1868) and at the Perm Theological Seminary (until 1872, he did not complete the full course). In 1872 he entered the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy in the veterinary department. Since 1874, he wrote reports for newspapers on the meetings of scientific societies to earn money. In 1876, without graduating from the academy, he moved to the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. After studying for a year, he was forced to leave the university due to financial difficulties and a sharp deterioration in health (pleurisy began).

On August 4, 1911, Dmitry Narkisovich suffered a cerebral hemorrhage, which resulted in paralysis of his arms and legs. In the summer of 1912, he again fell ill with pleurisy. He died on November 2 (15), 1912 in St. Petersburg. He was buried at the Volkovskoye cemetery in St. Petersburg.

Addresses

In Ekaterinburg

• 1878-1891 - Kolobovskaya street, 41.

In St. Petersburg

• 1891-1893 - Sapper Lane, 8;
• 1908-1912 (November 2) - Vereiskaya street, 3.

Creation

He entered the literature with a series of travel essays "From the Urals to Moscow" (1881-1882), published in the Moscow newspaper "Russian Vedomosti". Then his essays “In the Stones”, stories (“At the turn of Asia”, “In thin souls” and others) were published in the Delo magazine. Many were signed with the pseudonym "D. Siberian".

The first major work of the writer was the novel "Privalovsky millions" (1883), which was published in the magazine "Delo" for a year and was a great success. In 1884, the novel The Mountain Nest appeared in the Otechestvennye Zapiski magazine, which cemented Mamin-Sibiryak's reputation as an outstanding realist writer.

Long trips to the capital (1881-1882, 1885-1886) strengthened the literary ties of Mamin-Sibryak. He met V. G. Korolenko, N. N. Zlatovratsky, V. A. Goltsev and other writers. During these years he wrote and published many short stories and essays.

The last major works of the writer are the novels "Features from the Life of Pepko" (1894), "Shooting Stars" (1899) and the story "Mumma" (1907).

In his novels and stories, the writer depicted the life of the Urals and Siberia in the post-reform years, the capitalization of Russia and the breakdown of public consciousness, legal norms and morality associated with this process.

Artworks

Novels

• "In the whirlpool of passions" ()
• "Privalovsky millions" (, filmed)
• "Mountain Nest" ()
• “Wild Happiness” (“Vein”, twice filmed (In the power of gold) and (Gold)
• "Stormy Stream" ("On the Street",)
• "Birthday boy" ()
• "Three ends" ()
• "Gold" ()
• "Spring Thunderstorms" ()
• "Untitled" ()
• "Features from the life of Pepko" ()
• "Bread" ()
• "Early shoots" ()
• "The general favorite of the public" ()
• "Falling stars" ()

Stories, novellas, essays

• "From the Urals to Moscow", a series of essays (-),
• "Okhonin's eyebrows", a story ()
• "Ural stories", a collection of stories ()
• "Siberian stories", a collection of stories ().
• "Alyonushka's Tales" (-)
• "Grey neck" (, filmed)
• "Zarnitsy" ()
• "In the Urals" ()
• “Fighters. (Essays on spring rafting on the Chusovaya River)"
• "Last Brands"
• "Adopted"
• "Muzgarka" or "Zimovye"
• "White-fronted"

Memory

• Several streets are named after the writer, including one located in Yekaterinburg.
• On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the writer's birth, in 2002, the Union of Writers of Russia and the Association of Writers of the Urals established the Prize named after D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak, annually awarded to authors whose works are somehow connected with the Urals. The first award ceremony was held in November 2002 in the writer's homeland, in the village of Visim (Sverdlovsk region).
• In Yekaterinburg, on Pushkin Street, there is a house-museum of D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak, which opened in 1946.
• In the village of Visim, Sverdlovsk region (in the vicinity of Nizhny Tagil), in the historical homeland of the writer, on D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak Street, there is another house-museum of D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak.
• In 1963, the Nizhny Tagil Drama Theater received the name of the writer.
• The writer is depicted on the front side of the banknote of 20 Ural francs issued in 1991.
• The possibility of naming a nature reserve after the writer was considered, but in the end it was named Visimsky.
• In the city of Yekaterinburg, the civil Senate proposed to award the writer the title " Honorary citizen of Yekaterinburg".

Bibliography

• Mamin-Sibiryak, D. N. PSS: in 8 volumes - M .: T-vo A. F. Marx, 1915.
• Mamin-Sibiryak, D. N. Sobr. cit.: in 8 volumes - M .: GIHL, 1954-1955.
• Mamin-Sibiryak, D. N. Sobr. cit.: in 10 volumes - M .: Pravda, 1958.
• Mamin-Sibiryak, D. N. Sobr. cit.: in 6 volumes - M .: Khudozh. lit., 1980-1981.
• Mamin-Sibiryak, D. N. PSS: in 20 volumes - Yekaterinburg: Bank of Cultural Information, 2002- ... [Edition continues]

Editions

• Mamin-Sibiryak, D. N. Story and stories. - Ufa: Bashkirsk. book. publishing house, 1978.
• Mamin-Sibiryak, D. N. Privalovsky millions. - Sverdlovsk: Middle Ural book. publishing house, 1980. - 448 p.
• Mamin-Sibiryak, D. N. Mountain nest. Meetings. - Sverdlovsk: Middle Ural book. publishing house, 1981. - 432 p.
• Mamin-Sibiryak, D. N. Wild happiness. Golden fever. Essays and stories. - Sverdlovsk: Middle Ural book. publishing house, 1981. - 448 p., portr.
• Mamin-Sibiryak, D. N. Gold. On the road. - Sverdlovsk: Middle Ural book. publishing house, 1982. - 448 p.
• Mamin-Sibiryak, D. N. Three ends. - Sverdlovsk: Middle Ural book. publishing house, 1982. - 416 p.
• Mamin-Sibiryak, D. N. Ural stories: in 2 volumes. - Sverdlovsk: Middle Ural book. publishing house, 1983. - V.1, 432 p.
• Mamin-Sibiryak, D. N. Traits from the life of Pepko. - Sverdlovsk: Middle Ural book. publishing house, 1984. - 432 p.
• Mamin-Sibiryak, D. N. Bread. - Sverdlovsk: Middle Ural book. publishing house, 1984. - 432 p.

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Literature

• Dyshalenkova R. Connoisseur of the Ural region / No. 11. - Magnitogorsk: "West-East Alliance", 2007. - S. 56-57.
• Russian writers and poets. Brief biographical dictionary. - M., 2000.

see also

Notes

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An excerpt characterizing Mamin-Sibiryak, Dmitry Narkisovich

Quickly in the semi-darkness, they dismantled the horses, tightened the girths and sorted out the commands. Denisov stood at the guardhouse, giving his last orders. The infantry of the party, slapping a hundred feet, advanced along the road and quickly disappeared between the trees in the predawn fog. Esaul ordered something to the Cossacks. Petya kept his horse in line, impatiently waiting for the order to mount. Washed with cold water, his face, especially his eyes, burned with fire, chills ran down his back, and something in his whole body trembled quickly and evenly.
- Well, are you all ready? Denisov said. - Come on horses.
The horses were given. Denisov was angry with the Cossack because the girths were weak, and, having scolded him, sat down. Petya took up the stirrup. The horse, out of habit, wanted to bite his leg, but Petya, not feeling his weight, quickly jumped into the saddle and, looking back at the hussars moving behind in the darkness, rode up to Denisov.
- Vasily Fyodorovich, will you entrust me with something? Please… for God's sake…” he said. Denisov seemed to have forgotten about the existence of Petya. He looked back at him.
“I’ll tell you about one thing,” he said sternly, “obey me and not meddle anywhere.
During the entire journey, Denisov did not say a word to Petya and rode in silence. When we arrived at the edge of the forest, the field was noticeably brighter. Denisov said something in a whisper to the esaul, and the Cossacks began to drive past Petya and Denisov. When they had all passed, Denisov touched his horse and rode downhill. Sitting on their haunches and gliding, the horses descended with their riders into the hollow. Petya rode next to Denisov. The trembling in his whole body grew stronger. It was getting lighter and lighter, only the fog hid distant objects. Driving down and looking back, Denisov nodded his head to the Cossack who was standing beside him.
- Signal! he said.
The Cossack raised his hand, a shot rang out. And at the same moment there was heard the clatter of galloping horses in front, shouts from different directions, and more shots.
At the same moment as the first sounds of trampling and screaming were heard, Petya, kicking his horse and releasing the reins, not listening to Denisov, who shouted at him, galloped forward. It seemed to Petya that it suddenly dawned brightly, like the middle of the day, at the moment a shot was heard. He jumped to the bridge. Cossacks galloped ahead along the road. On the bridge, he ran into a straggler Cossack and galloped on. There were some people in front—they must have been Frenchmen—running from the right side of the road to the left. One fell into the mud under the feet of Petya's horse.
Cossacks crowded around one hut, doing something. A terrible cry was heard from the middle of the crowd. Petya galloped up to this crowd, and the first thing he saw was the pale face of a Frenchman with a trembling lower jaw, holding on to the shaft of a pike pointed at him.
“Hurrah!.. Guys…ours…” Petya shouted and, giving the reins to the excited horse, galloped forward down the street.
Shots were heard ahead. Cossacks, hussars, and ragged Russian prisoners, who fled from both sides of the road, all shouted something loudly and incoherently. A young man, without a hat, with a red frown on his face, a Frenchman in a blue greatcoat fought off the hussars with a bayonet. When Petya jumped up, the Frenchman had already fallen. Late again, Petya flashed through his head, and he galloped to where frequent shots were heard. Shots were heard in the courtyard of the manor house where he had been last night with Dolokhov. The French sat there behind the wattle fence in a dense garden overgrown with bushes and fired at the Cossacks crowded at the gate. Approaching the gate, Petya, in the powder smoke, saw Dolokhov with a pale, greenish face, shouting something to people. "On the detour! Wait for the infantry!” he shouted as Petya rode up to him.
“Wait?.. Hurrah!” Petya shouted and, without a single minute's hesitation, galloped to the place where the shots were heard and where the powder smoke was thicker. A volley was heard, empty and slapped bullets screeched. The Cossacks and Dolokhov jumped after Petya through the gates of the house. The French, in the swaying thick smoke, alone threw down their weapons and ran out of the bushes towards the Cossacks, others ran downhill to the pond. Petya galloped along the manor's yard on his horse and, instead of holding the reins, waved both hands strangely and quickly, and kept falling further and further from the saddle to one side. The horse, having run into a fire smoldering in the morning light, rested, and Petya fell heavily to the wet ground. The Cossacks saw how quickly his arms and legs twitched, despite the fact that his head did not move. The bullet pierced his head.
After talking with a senior French officer, who came out from behind the house with a handkerchief on a sword and announced that they were surrendering, Dolokhov got off his horse and went up to Petya, motionless, with his arms outstretched.
“Ready,” he said, frowning, and went through the gate to meet Denisov, who was coming towards him.
- Killed?! exclaimed Denisov, seeing from a distance that familiar to him, undoubtedly lifeless position, in which Petya's body lay.
“Ready,” repeated Dolokhov, as if pronouncing this word gave him pleasure, and quickly went to the prisoners, who were surrounded by dismounted Cossacks. - We won't take it! he shouted to Denisov.
Denisov did not answer; he rode up to Petya, dismounted from his horse, and with trembling hands turned towards him Petya's already pale face, stained with blood and mud.
“I'm used to anything sweet. Excellent raisins, take them all,” he remembered. And the Cossacks looked back with surprise at the sounds, similar to the barking of a dog, with which Denisov quickly turned away, went up to the wattle fence and grabbed it.
Among the Russian prisoners recaptured by Denisov and Dolokhov was Pierre Bezukhov.

About the party of prisoners in which Pierre was, during his entire movement from Moscow, there was no new order from the French authorities. On October 22, this party was no longer with the troops and convoys with which it left Moscow. Half of the convoy with breadcrumbs, which followed them for the first transitions, was beaten off by the Cossacks, the other half went ahead; the foot cavalrymen who went ahead, there was not one more; they all disappeared. The artillery, which the first crossings could be seen ahead of, was now replaced by the huge convoy of Marshal Junot, escorted by the Westphalians. Behind the prisoners was a convoy of cavalry things.
From Vyazma, the French troops, who had previously marched in three columns, now marched in one heap. Those signs of disorder that Pierre noticed on the first halt from Moscow have now reached the last degree.
The road they were on was paved on both sides with dead horses; ragged people, lagging behind different teams, constantly changing, then joined, then again lagged behind the marching column.
Several times during the campaign there were false alarms, and the soldiers of the convoy raised their guns, fired and ran headlong, crushing each other, but then again gathered and scolded each other for vain fear.
These three gatherings, marching together - the cavalry depot, the depot of prisoners and Junot's convoy - still constituted something separate and whole, although both, and the other, and the third quickly melted away.
In the depot, which had at first been one hundred and twenty wagons, now there were no more than sixty; the rest were repulsed or abandoned. Junot's convoy was also abandoned and several wagons were recaptured. Three wagons were plundered by backward soldiers from Davout's corps who came running. From the conversations of the Germans, Pierre heard that more guards were placed on this convoy than on prisoners, and that one of their comrades, a German soldier, was shot on the orders of the marshal himself because a silver spoon that belonged to the marshal was found on the soldier.
Most of these three gatherings melted the depot of prisoners. Of the three hundred and thirty people who left Moscow, now there were less than a hundred. The prisoners, even more than the saddles of the cavalry depot and than Junot's convoy, burdened the escorting soldiers. Junot's saddles and spoons, they understood that they could be useful for something, but why were the hungry and cold soldiers of the convoy standing guard and guarding the same cold and hungry Russians, who were dying and lagging behind the road, whom they were ordered to shoot - it was not only incomprehensible, but also disgusting. And the escorts, as if afraid in the sad situation in which they themselves were, not to give in to the feeling of pity for the prisoners that was in them and thereby worsen their situation, treated them especially gloomily and strictly.
In Dorogobuzh, while, having locked the prisoners in the stable, the escort soldiers left to rob their own shops, several captured soldiers dug under the wall and ran away, but were captured by the French and shot.
The former order, introduced at the exit from Moscow, that the captured officers should go separately from the soldiers, had long been destroyed; all those who could walk walked together, and from the third passage Pierre had already joined again with Karataev and the lilac bow-legged dog, who had chosen Karataev as his master.
With Karataev, on the third day of leaving Moscow, there was that fever from which he lay in the Moscow hospital, and as Karataev weakened, Pierre moved away from him. Pierre did not know why, but since Karataev began to weaken, Pierre had to make an effort on himself in order to approach him. And going up to him and listening to those quiet groans with which Karataev usually lay down at rest, and feeling the now intensified smell that Karataev emitted from himself, Pierre moved away from him and did not think about him.
In captivity, in a booth, Pierre learned not with his mind, but with his whole being, with his life, that man was created for happiness, that happiness is in himself, in satisfying natural human needs, and that all misfortune comes not from lack, but from excess; but now, in these last three weeks of the campaign, he learned another new, comforting truth - he learned that there is nothing terrible in the world. He learned that just as there is no position in which a person would be happy and completely free, so there is no position in which he would be unhappy and not free. He learned that there is a limit to suffering and a limit to freedom, and that this limit is very close; that the man who suffered because one leaf was wrapped in his pink bed, suffered in the same way as he suffered now, falling asleep on the bare, damp earth, cooling one side and warming the other; that when he used to put on his narrow ballroom shoes, he suffered in exactly the same way as now, when he was completely barefoot (his shoes had long been disheveled), his feet covered with sores. He learned that when he, as it seemed to him, of his own free will married his wife, he was no more free than now, when he was locked up at night in the stable. Of all that he later called suffering, but which he then hardly felt, the main thing was his bare, worn, scabbed feet. (Horse meat was tasty and nutritious, the saltpetre bouquet of gunpowder, used instead of salt, was even pleasant, there was not much cold, and it was always hot during the day on the move, and at night there were fires; the lice that ate the body warmed pleasantly.) One thing was hard. First, it's the legs.

Dmitry Mamin was born on October 25 (November 6, n.s.), 1852, in the Visimo-Shaitansky plant of the then Perm province (now the village of Visim, Sverdlovsk region, near Nizhny Tagil) in the family of a priest. He was educated at home, then studied at the Visim school for the children of workers.

Mamin's father wanted him to follow in the footsteps of his parents in the future and be a minister of the church. Therefore, in 1866, the parents sent the boy to receive spiritual education at the Yekaterinburg Theological School, where he studied until 1868, and then continued his studies at the Perm Theological Seminary. During these years, he participated in the circle of advanced seminarians, was influenced by the ideas of Chernyshevsky, Dobrolyubov, Herzen. His first creative attempts belong to his stay here.

After the seminary, Dmitry Mamin moved to St. Petersburg in the spring of 1871 and entered the Medical and Surgical Academy at the veterinary department, and then transferred to the medical department.

In 1874, Mamin passed the exams at St. Petersburg University. For about two years he studied at the natural faculty.

In 1876, he moved to the law faculty of the university, but never even finished his course there. Mamin was forced to leave his studies due to financial difficulties and a sharp deterioration in health. The young man began to develop tuberculosis. Fortunately, the young body was able to overcome a serious illness.

In his student years, Mamin took up writing short reports and stories for newspapers. The first small stories of Mamin-Sibiryak appeared in print in 1872.

Mamin well described his student years, his first difficult steps in literature, along with acute material need, in his autobiographical novel “Features from the Life of Pepko”, which became not only one of the best, brightest works of the writer, but also perfectly showed his worldview, views and ideas.

In the summer of 1877, Mamin-Sibiryak returned to his parents in the Urals. His father died the following year. The whole burden of caring for the family fell on Dmitry Mamin. In order to educate his brothers and sister, as well as be able to earn money, the family decided to move to Yekaterinburg. Here began a new life for a young writer.

Soon he married Maria Alekseeva, who also became a good literary adviser to him.

During these years, he makes many trips throughout the Urals, studies literature on the history, economics, ethnography of the Urals, immerses himself in folk life, communicates with people who have vast life experience.

Two long trips to the capital (1881-82, 1885-86) strengthened the writer's literary ties: he met Korolenko, Zlatovratsky, Goltsev, and others. During these years, he wrote and published many short stories and essays.

In 1881-1882. a series of travel essays "From the Urals to Moscow" appeared, published in the Moscow newspaper "Russian Vedomosti". Then his Ural stories and essays appear in the publications Ustoi, Delo, Vestnik Evropy, Russian Thought, Domestic Notes.

Some of the works of this time were signed with the pseudonym "D. Sibiryak". Adding a pseudonym to his name, the writer quickly gained popularity, and the signature Mamin-Sibiryak remained with him forever.

In these works of the writer, creative motives characteristic of Mamin-Sibiryak begin to be traced: a chic description of the grandiose Ural nature (which is not subject to any other writers), showing its impact on life, human tragedy. In the works of Mamin-Sibiryak, the plot and nature are inseparable, interconnected.

In 1883, Mamin-Sibiryak's first novel, Privalov's Millions, appeared on the pages of the Delo magazine. He worked on it for ten (!) years. The novel was a great success.

In 1884, his second novel, The Mountain Nest, was published in Otechestvennye Zapiski, which cemented the glory of a realist writer for Mamin-Sibiryak.

In 1890, Mamin-Sibiryak divorced his first wife and married a talented actress of the Yekaterinburg Drama Theater M. Abramova. Together with her, he moves forever to St. Petersburg, where the last stage of his life passes.

A year after the move, Abramova dies due to difficult childbirth, leaving her sick daughter Alyonushka in her father's arms. The death of his wife, whom he loved deeply, shook Mamin-Sibiryak to the core. He suffers a lot, he does not find a place for himself. The writer fell into a deep depression, as evidenced by his letters to his homeland.

Mamin-Sibiryak begins to write a lot again, including for children. So he wrote Alyonushka's Tales (1894-96) for his daughter, which gained great popularity. "Alyonushka's Tales" are full of optimism, bright faith in goodness. "Alyonushka's Tales" forever became a children's classic.

In 1895, the writer published the novel "Bread", as well as the two-volume collection "Ural Stories".

The last major works of the writer are the novels "Features from the Life of Pepko" (1894), "Shooting Stars" (1899) and the story "Mumma" (1907).

“Is it really possible to be satisfied with one's own life. No, to live a thousand lives, to suffer and rejoice with a thousand hearts - that's where life and real happiness are! says Mamin in "Features from the Life of Pepko." He wants to live for everyone, to experience everything and feel everything.

At the age of 60, on November 2 (November 15, NS), 1912, Dmitry Nirkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak died in St. Petersburg.

In 2002, on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the writer D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak, a prize named after him was established in the Urals. The prize is awarded annually on the birthday of D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak - November 6

Mamin-Sibiryak Dmitry Narkisovich- Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin Sibiryak. MAMIN SIBIRYAK (real name Mamin) Dmitry Narkisovich (1852 1912), Russian writer. In the novels “Privalovsky millions” (1883), “Mountain nest” (1884), “Gold” (1892), pictures of the mining life of the Urals and ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (1852 1912), writer. In 1872 76 he studied at the veterinary faculty of the Moscow Art Academy, in 1876 77 at the law faculty of the university. At the same time, he was engaged in reporter work and published his first stories in St. Petersburg magazines. Literary life ... ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)

Real surname Mamin (1852 1912), Russian writer. One of the founders of the so-called sociological novel: “Privalovsky Millions” (1883), “Mountain Nest” (1884), “Gold” (1892), where he depicts, often satirically, mining ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Mamin Sibiryak (pseudonym; real name Mamin) Dmitry Narkisovich, Russian writer. Born in the family of a priest. Studied in Perm ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

MAMIN SIBIRYAK (real name Mamin) Dmitry Narkisovich (1852 1912) Russian writer. The novels Privalovsky Millions (1883), Mountain Nest (1884), Gold (1892) realistically depict the mining life of the Urals and Siberia in the 2nd half. 19 in … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

MAMIN-SIBIRYAK Dmitry Narkisovich- MAMIN SIBIRYAK (real name Mamin) Dmitry Narkisovich (18521912), Russian writer. Rum. "Privalovsky Millions" (1883), "Mountain Nest" (1884), "Wild Happiness" ("Vein", 1884), "Stormy Stream" ("On the Street", 1886), "Three Ends" (1890), " Gold"… … Literary Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (pseudo-Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin) (1852 1912). Rus. prose writer, better known for his realistic novels about the life of the Urals and Siberia during the formation of capitalist relations there. Genus. in the Visino Shaitansky plant of the Verkhoturye region. Perm province. WITH… … Big biographical encyclopedia

- (real name Mamin; 1852–1912) - Russian. writer. Genus. in the family of a priest. Studied at a spiritual school. Without finishing the course in honey. - surgical. academy, entered the legal. f t Petersburg. un ta. Due to material insecurity and poor health, there was ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Nicknames

Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin 1896 Aliases: Sibiryak Date of birth: October 25 (November 6) 1852 (18521106) Place of birth: Visimo Shaitansky plant of the Perm province Date of death ... Wikipedia

Books

• , Mamin-Sibiryak Dmitry Narkisovich. He wrote action-packed novels, historical novels, short stories and essays about the inhabitants of industrial settlements and taiga zaimok. He knew well the life and customs of the Ural mines, lived in Siberia, ...
• Tales and stories for children. Mamin-Sibiryak (number of volumes: 2), Mamin-Sibiryak D.. He wrote action-packed novels, historical novels, stories and essays about the inhabitants of industrial settlements and taiga zaimok. He knew well the life and customs of the Ural mines, lived in Siberia, ...