About animals! with pictures of animals! animalists!
Animalism is a special genre of fine art dedicated to the depiction of animals. Animalists - artists, sculptures (and more recently photographers) depicting animals in their works.
The animalistic genre generalizes the work of animalists in the visual arts (in painting - animalistic paintings, in sculpture - animalistic sculptures and statues, in photography - photographs and photographic portraits of various animals).
Animalism. Before the advent of photographs and the development of artistic photography, the animalistic genre was mainly represented by numerous works of painters.
Painting and animalism. Animalism in painting.
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Sculpture and animalism. Animalism in the works of sculptors.
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Photography and animalism. Animalism in the works of modern photo artists.
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Animal genre. Animalistic photographs and photographic works. Animalism and history. Animalism and modern animal photographers. Animalism and the art of animalism. These are all terms related to the animal photography genre and animal art.
In our time, in the culture of animalism, one can still single out animal writers and animal poets. Animalist writers and animalist poets also create wonderful animalistic works. These novels, stories and poems of the animalistic genre are often decorated with the works of animal painters or animal photographers.
Contemporary art and animalism are inseparable from each other.
Animalistics (Animalistic genre, Animalism) (from Latin animal - animal) is a genre of fine arts, where animals and birds are the heroes of paintings by animal painters, mainly in painting, photography, sculpture, graphics and less often in decorative art. Animalistics combines natural science and artistic principles. Artists working in the animalistic genre are called animalists.
The main task of the animalist can be both the accuracy of the image of the animal, and artistic and figurative characteristics, including decorative expressiveness or endowing animals with human features, actions and experiences (for example, the image of anthropomorphic characters in fairy tales and fables).
From sculpture, animalistic ceramics is widespread. Stylized figures of animals are found among the monuments of the animal style, in the art of the Ancient East, Africa, ancient America, and in the folk art of many countries.
The origins of this art form lie in ancient times. Everyone knows that primitive artists depicted animals in their rock paintings. At the same time, they tried to convey with maximum accuracy the anatomy of the beast, the gracefulness of its movements, the danger emanating from it.
In ancient Egypt, animalism received a new color. Egyptian gods often had the heads and bodies of animals and birds. Thus, the animals turned into heroes of mythological plots. Their image was of a religious nature, and was part of the Egyptian culture.
Images of animals are found among various peoples of the ancient East, Africa, Asia and Oceania. Images of animals and birds can be seen on the vases of ancient Greece. Their images are popular both in painting and in sculpture.
In the Middle Ages, animals began to be portrayed as heroes of folklore. These were allegorical, fabulous images.
In Europe, the animalistic genre in painting has been gaining popularity since the 17th century in the Netherlands and Flanders, and since the 18th century in France and Russia. Even the famous Rembrandt, Da Vinci, Durer, Rubens depicted animals in their paintings. Later, in addition to admiring the strength, beauty and dexterity of animals, characteristic of romanticism, the topic of their exact study became relevant.
Rice. 71. Albrecht Durer "Hare", 1502
Rice. 72. Eugene Delacroix "Young tigress with her mother", 1798-1863
A couple of centuries (XIX and XX) are marked by the peak of popularity of this genre of art graphics. Soviet animal painters successfully combined science and aesthetics in their work. Accurate knowledge of the animal world, a close relationship with it were intertwined in a creative tandem with the beauty and decorative appeal of the images.
During the Renaissance, artists began to draw animals from life for the first time. It was quite difficult to do this, because unlike people, animals are not able to pose.
During the late Middle Ages, dogs became the favorite animalistic characters of the masters of the brush - the most faithful and devoted friends of man, helpers in hunting, companions in everyday life. Some artists, such as Veronese, also depict them on their canvases dedicated to the divine history. This most prominent Venetian painter of the 16th century has dogs wherever the Savior steps.
In Russian painting, images of animals carry a certain semantic load. For example, the artist Serov, making illustrations for Krylov's fables, dresses animals in clothes, gives their images a satirical overtone. Animals take on human traits.
In the 19-20th century, the public became interested in the scientific study of animals - their anatomy, habits, features of existence. Therefore, images from romantic turn into more real ones. Artists learn to depict the structure of fur, the color of plumage, body parts and characteristic postures of animals with maximum accuracy.
Today, animalism in painting is closely intertwined with the art of photography. Interest in the image of animals does not fade away. They are part of wildlife, the beauty that artists have admired at all times. The transfer of images of animals and birds in the image requires a special approach, fine craftsmanship. Many paintings by animal painters are recognized as high works of art.
Main Animal Artists:
- Yi Yuanji (circa 1000 - circa 1064) is a Chinese artist, especially known for his skill in painting monkeys.
- Zhu Zhanji (1398-1435) - Chinese emperor and master of painting dogs and monkeys.
- Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) - German painter and graphic artist.
- Frans Snyders (1579-1657) - Flemish painter.
- Jan Wildens (1586-1653) Flemish painter.
- Jan Veit (1611-1661) - Flemish painter and engraver.
- Ivan Grot (1717-1801) - Russian painter.
- George Stubbs (1724-1806) English painter.
- Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863) - French painter and graphic artist.
- Joseph Wolf (1820-1899) - German graphic artist and painter.
- Brighton Riviere (1840-1920) - English painter.
- Vasily Vatagin (1883-1969) - Russian painter and sculptor.
- Evgeny Charushin (1901-1965) - Russian graphic artist, Honored Art Worker of the RSFSR.
- Konstantin Flerov (1904-1980) - Russian paleontologist, graphic artist and painter, doctor of biological sciences.
- Nikolay Kondakov (1908-1999) - Russian biologist, illustrator, candidate of sciences.
- Andrey Marts (1924-2002) - famous Soviet and Russian animal sculptor, Honored Artist of the RSFSR.
- Robert Bateman (born 1930) is a Canadian animal painter.
- Rjen Purtvliet (1932-1995) was a Dutch illustrator.
- Marina Efremova (born 1961) is a Russian animal painter.
And nimalism is a genre in the visual arts dedicated to our smaller brothers. The heroes of the works of animal artists are animals and birds (animal - from Latin “animal”). Love for life and nature, the perception of oneself as a part of the living world - this is what drives the brush of creators who bow their heads before the creatures to whom man is greatly indebted.
The history of animalism in painting
Animalists in their works try to maintain the accuracy of the image of the animal and at the same time add artistic expressiveness to the image. Often the beast is endowed with human traits, actions and emotions. The origins of this type of art lie back in the primitive world, when ancient people tried to convey the anatomy of an animal, its beauty and danger to humans in cave paintings.
From the origins of antiquity
Sculptural monuments of animals and animal ceramics are an integral part of the history of Ancient Africa, America and the East. In Egypt, the gods were often depicted with the heads of birds and beasts. Ancient Greek vases also feature decorative images of animals. Animalism was equally developed in all countries.
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages added to the images of animals allegorical and fabulous. The favorite characters of the masters of that time were dogs. Faithful friends surrounded a person in everyday life, on a walk, hunting. The famous Venetian painter of the 16th century, Veronese, introduces the image of a dog into religious subjects - the animals follow the foot of the Savior.
Renaissance
Renaissance masters tried to paint animals from life, which was quite difficult. You can't force any animal to freeze and pose. In the XVII-XVIII centuries, animalistic painting developed rapidly in the Netherlands, France and Russia. Images of animals can be found in the paintings Rembrandt, Rubens And Leonardo da Vinci. Serov endowed images of animals with special meaning in Russian art - his illustrations for Krylov's fables convey the ideas of instructive texts with inimitable liveliness and satire.
On the threshold of the millennium
The 19th-20th centuries alienated animalists a little from romanticism and sublimity in creating images of animals. Realism becomes a characteristic feature of the era. Painters try to accurately convey the anatomy of the animal. Color, posture, habits - everything is so photographic in the paintings that it is sometimes difficult to see the trace of the artist's brush. Later, hyperrealism became widespread in animalistics, when small details are brought to the fore at the behest of the master, who wants to focus on one of the qualities of the animal.
Famous paintings and artists of the animalistic genre. Creators of the East
One of the first representatives of animal painting in painting is the Chinese artist Yi Yuanji, who worked at the beginning of the 11th century. He became famous for his unique depictions of monkeys in subjects imbued with the style of the East. The Emperor Xuande of the Ming Dynasty continued his ideas. Drawing monkeys and dogs was his favorite pastime.
Painters of Europe and the world
famous german Albrecht Dürer, who worked in the Renaissance, left numerous watercolors and lithographs, quite realistically conveying images of animals ( "Lion", "Rabbit", "Stork" and others).
A truly outstanding animal painter is the Flemish Frans Snyders (XVI-XVII centuries). His still lifes with hunting trophies are true masterpieces that adorn numerous galleries and exhibition halls in Europe. Some of the artist's most popular paintings are "Deer Hunting", as well as "Fox and Cat".
Animalism was not at that time a popular genre of painting, but the bourgeois liked to commission paintings depicting horses and other domestic animals. Portraits of people in the Baroque style often included images of birds and animals.
It is also impossible not to recall one of the strongest animal painters of the 20th century - Canadian Robert Bateman. His bison, elephants, lions, deer and leopards look at the viewer from the window of wildlife, ajar on the canvas of the master.
Russian artists
Russia has opened many great animal painters to the world. Vasily Vatagin devoted his life to studying the habits and plasticity of animals. His works in graphics, watercolor and pencil are so piercing that you can feel the breath and look of the animal on you. Excellent examples of works in the animal genre of Serov - "Bathing a Horse" And "Oxen".
Another unsurpassed master of Russian animalism is Konstantin Savitsky. It was his famous bears that got into Shishkin's painting "Morning in a Pine Forest". Evgeny Charushin, Konstantin Flerov, Andrey Marts are representatives of the Soviet period in the development of the direction.
Animal painting in the modern world is very close to the art of photography. Fine craftsmanship and great love for living beings are required to create such masterpieces. It is as if the artists are knocking on the human heart with a request: "Take care of this world of nature, it is leaving us."
The main object of this genre of fine arts are animals (from lat. animal - animal).
This genre was widespread in ancient times: stylized images of animals are found in the art of the Ancient East, America, Africa, Oceania and in the folk art of other countries.
Most often, we see images of animals in painting, sculpture, graphics, decorative art, and later in photography.
The animalistic genre can be conditionally divided into two areas: natural science and art. In the first case, an accurate depiction of the animal from the point of view of its physiology is important for the animal artist, and in the second case, the artistic characteristics of the animal, including metaphor (transferring human traits to animals). This mainly applies to illustrators of fairy tales and fables.
Animalism in painting
Frans Snyders (1579-1657)
Van Dyck "Portrait of Snyders with his wife" (portrait fragment)
Flemish painter, master of still life and animal paintings. Initially, he was engaged in still lifes, but then he became interested in animalistic plots and hunting scenes. His works amaze with the monumentality and thoughtfulness of the compositions, the virtuoso depiction of the physiology of the animal, its vitality and inner power.
F. Snyders "Boar Hunt" (1625-1630)
Paulus Potter (1625-1654)
Bartholomeus van der Gelst "Portrait of Paulus Potter"
The Dutch artist Potter died very young, at 29, but left a whole gallery of paintings with detailed images of domestic animals in the meadows, paintings with hunting scenes.
P. Potter "Young Bull"
It was the images of animals that provided him with worldwide fame.
The artist's most famous painting is The Young Bull, which is in the Mauritshuis Museum in The Hague.
P. Potter "Horses in the Meadow" (1649)
Horses are the most popular character in animalistic paintings. But each artist has his own attitude to this strong and noble animal.
George Stubbs (1724-1806)
D. Stubbs "Self-portrait"
English artist and biologist, one of the leading European animal painters. Thoroughly studied human and animal anatomy at the York Hospital. He is the author of several scientific works, including the work "Anatomy of horses" (1766), therefore, from a scientific point of view, he could depict animals flawlessly.
D. Stubbs "Whistlejacket" (1762)
Franz Marc (1880-1916)
German painter of Jewish origin, representative of German expressionism. He volunteered for the front of the First World War and was killed by a shell fragment during the Verdun operation at the age of 36, leaving his creative plans unfulfilled.
F. Mark "Blue Horse" (1911)
He often depicted animals (deer, foxes, horses) in a natural setting, presenting them as higher, pure beings. Such is the romantic canvas "Blue Horse". Mark's work is distinguished by a bright palette combined with cubist images, sharp and hard color transitions. The most famous was his painting "The Fate of Animals". It is currently on display at the Basel Art Museum (Switzerland).
F. Mark "The Fate of Animals" (1913)
The animal world always attracts not only professional artists, but also children. In the children's world, animals occupy a place no less than a person.
Samira Sagitova (3 years 8 months) "Funny chickens"
Jim Killen "Funny Puppies"
Animalism in sculpture
Pyotr Karlovich Klodt (1805-1867)
PC. Klodt
The family of the future sculptor came from the Baltic German aristocrats Klodt von Jurgensburg, consisted of hereditary military men. P. K. Klodt was born in 1805 in St. Petersburg, but his childhood and youth were spent in Omsk - his father served as chief of staff of the Separate Siberian Corps. There, the baron's penchant for drawing, carving and sculpting manifested itself. Most of all, the boy loved to portray horses, he saw a special charm in them.
Narva triumphal gates
After graduating from the Academy of Arts, Klodt, together with other experienced sculptors, designed the Narva Gate, the palace pier of the Admiralteyskaya embankment.
Klodt's horses in front of the Berlin castle
His works adorn both the main gate of the Royal Palace in Berlin and the Royal Palace in Naples. Copies of sculptures are installed in gardens and palace buildings in Russia: in the vicinity of St. Petersburg (near the Orlovsky Palace in Strelna and Peterhof, as well as on the territory of the Golitsyn estate in Kuzminki near Moscow, the Kuzminki-Vlakhernskoye estate).
Golitsyn's estate in Kuzminka X
Evgeny Alexandrovich Lansere (1848-1886)
Russian sculptor-animalist. Just like Klodt, from childhood he chose the topic that he was passionate about all his life - horses.
E. Lansere "Circassian and a woman on a horse"
Lansere was a famous animal painter, he perfectly depicted horses, including in historical subjects. He was a master of plot plastic miniatures, glorified the Russian sculptural school abroad, taking part in world exhibitions in London (1872), Paris (1873), Vienna (1873), Antwerp (1885) and other European cities. His works were cast in many leading factories and in bronze foundries of private firms.
Animalism in graphics
Konstantin Konstantinovich Flerov (1904-1980)
Soviet paleontologist, doctor of biological sciences, professor. Head of the Paleontological Museum. Yu. A. Orlova. An artist-reenactor and animal painter, recreated the appearance of many fossil animals.
He studied at the biological department of Moscow University and at the same time was engaged in drawing and painting. After graduating from the university, he worked for 30 years at the Zoological Institute in Leningrad. Participated in many trips and scientific expeditions.
While working at the Darwin Museum in Moscow, Flerov created a series of paintings and sculptures on the basis of biological collections. The knowledge of a professional zoologist and a professional artist allowed him to successfully recreate the appearance of animals from skeletons, create their sculptural images and paint paintings on the themes of the ancient world.
Animalism in photography
With the invention of photography, the possibilities of animal artists have expanded significantly. The world of animals appears in a huge variety of colors, plots and types.
We bring to your attention two wonderful photos of photoanimalists from the site www.rosphoto.com
A. Gudkov "Giraffe and bird"
How much love for animals in this photo and a sense of humor! As well as the ability to "catch the moment."
S. Gorshkov "Fox"
Sergey Gorshkov is the winner of the Golden Turtle competition in the Photographer of the Year category in 2007 and 2011. Winner of the international Shell Wildlife Photographer of the Year 2007, was awarded the Russian Photographer of the Year award.
His photograph "The Fox" impresses not only with the technique of execution, but also with psychological depth. Look at the photo: the fox's disposition, her caution, insinuatingness and cunning are brilliantly captured.
"Bumblebee". Photo by V. Akishina
Animal painters depict animals and birds on their canvases. This is a very peculiar direction of fine art. Its notable feature is that the paintings do not carry a deep semantic load.
The origins and development of animalism in the section of painting
The roots of this direction of painting goes back to the time of primitive people. It was they who were the first animal painters who created petroglyphs of animals and birds. And today, scientists are amazed at their amazing accuracy in the transfer of the anatomical features of animals.
Animalism was developed in ancient Egypt. In this country, many of the gods worshiped by the inhabitants had the heads of animals or birds. Thus, the animalistic direction became part of the religion and Egyptian culture as a whole. Images and sculptures of animals and birds are found in many ancient cultures around the world.
In the Middle Ages, artists mostly depicted animals in paintings as an integral part of folklore. And only during the Renaissance animalism began to develop in a realistic direction. That is, for the first time, artists began to draw representatives of the animal world from nature.
Modern animal artists are real masters. After all, it is very difficult to realistically depict an animal or a bird, since it is impossible to make it pose.
Pictures of animal painters are very popular. They arouse the admiration of the audience and attract attention. But, despite this, there are not so many modern masters whose works are known all over the world.
The most famous Russian artistic animalists are:
- Vasily Vatagin Alekseevich (1863 - 1969) Being a biologist by education, he devoted his whole life to studying the plasticity and habits of animals and tried to accurately convey this in his paintings. That is why his work is very expressive and interesting.
- Serov Valentin Alexandrovich (1865 - 1911) He deservedly can be considered an animal painter, since many of his plot canvases depict animals, moreover, the attitude of people towards them is especially emphasized in his works.
- Kukunov Mikhail Maksimovich (1918 - 1998) His drawings are realistic and characteristic. The artist always painted from nature and called it "hunting". The master's works are filled with love for animals and evoke sincere positive emotions.
Only a person who has a natural gift to feel the natural and animal world can become a real artist - animal painter.
