Shvabrin and Maria. Grinev and Shvabrin (based on the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter") (school essays)

Shvabrin and Grinev are the main characters of A. S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter".
Both are noblemen, both are officers, both serve in the Belogorsk fortress, both are in love with Masha Mironova.
This is where their similarities end. Shvabrin was transferred to the fortress for murder, Pyotr Grinev got here at the request of his father, who wanted his son to receive first-class army training not in the capital.
Young people understand their duty differently. As soon as Emelyan Pugachev took the Belogorsk fortress, Shvabrin, trimmed to a circle, immediately went over to his side, fearing for his life. Grinev honestly told the impostor that he swore allegiance to the empress and would not serve him.
Shvabrin also behaves ugly towards Grinev. He tells his parents about the unworthy behavior of his son, envious of the fact that it was Peter, and not him, that Masha Mironova preferred .. In addition, he laughs at his friend's poems instead of supporting him. Shvabrin does not know how to make friends, to betray - at the expense of "times".
Both Shvabrin and Grinev are nobles, but the second of them follows the covenant "take care of honor from a young age", and the first only thinks about his own skin. Presenting two peers to the readers, Pushkin makes it clear that the song of the Shvabrins before the court of history has long been sung, and the Grinevs are the elite of Russia and its future.

In his novel "The Captain's Daughter" A.S. Pushkin puts the problem of honor and human dignity in the first place. Throughout the work, he comprehensively develops this issue, confronting the main character Pyotr Grinev with other characters.
So, the complete opposite of Grinev is Alexei Ivanovich Shvabrin. It would seem that these people have a lot in common. Both of them are of noble birth, both are young, quite well educated.
These characters seem to have a lot in common. No wonder Pushkin emphasizes that these people were in close contact: “Of course, I saw A. I. Shvabrin every day ...”
We understand that both of them are interested in literature, poetry in particular. So, Shvabrin knows well the work of V.K. Trediakovsky, and Grinev's poems were highly appreciated by Sumarokov himself.
In addition, the heroes have another common interest - Masha Mironova. Both of them are in love with the captain's daughter, both look after her. But it was this feeling, first of all, that showed the difference between the heroes, their completely opposite moral qualities, life principles.
Masha refused Shvabrin, and he, in retaliation, began to slander the innocent girl. He literally poured mud on the heroine, not at all embarrassed later to sit down with her and her parents at the same table, to visit their house. Moreover, Alexei Ivanovich, seeing that there was mutual sympathy between Grinev and Masha, did everything so that young people would not be together.
Pyotr Grinev does not share and does not accept such behavior of his "friend". He considers him unworthy not only of a nobleman, but of an honest person in general. Grinev challenges Shvabrin to a duel, seeking to protect the good name of his beloved. It is important that Alexei Ivanovich behaves dishonestly in this duel of honor.
But in the fullness of the nature of the heroes revealed during the uprising of Pugachev. Both of them became witnesses and participants in terrible events that threatened them and their loved ones with death.
Shvabrin took the easy path. He, forgetting about his oath to the empress, about his noble honor, went over to the side of Pugachev: “After all, he cut his hair in a circle and now he feasts with us right there! Agile, nothing to say! Thus, Shvabrin becomes a traitor, preferring a dishonorable life to an honest death.
Grinev, under the same conditions, chooses another. He declares to Pugachev’s face that he cannot become his supporter, because he swore on the Bible that he would be faithful to the empress: “No,” I answered with firmness. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the empress: I can’t serve you.”
Such behavior of the hero commands respect even from Pugachev. He releases Peter from the fortress. But, more than that, the rebel helps Grinev to rescue Masha from the imprisonment in which the girl was imprisoned by Shvabrin. The dishonest Alexei Ivanovich, taking advantage of his position, forced the girl to marry him. And only a brave act of loving Peter saved Masha from starvation.
As a result, Grinev, despite the evil machinations of Shvabrin, who slandered him, emerges victorious from all events. The preserved honor, self-esteem, and Masha's love help the hero stay alive and move on with his head held high. Shvabrin, seriously wounded, was captured by state troops, began to bear the stigma of a criminal and traitor.
Pushkin shows us that it is possible to save oneself, to emerge victorious from the difficult trials of life, only by preserving one's own honor, the Man in oneself. This writer clearly demonstrates to us on the example of two of his heroes - Grinev and Shvabrin. Frightened, following the lead of his baser instincts, a person risks not his body, but his soul. And it's much scarier, in my opinion.

Comparative characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin (option 2)

The Belogorsk fortress was far from the then cultural and political centers, however, a wave of the Pugachev rebellion reached it. The small garrison accepted an unequal battle. The fortress fell. Yemelyan Pugachev instigates his "imperial" court, that is, he mercilessly cracks down on unarmed people. It is this moment in the story that is the key to the comparative characterization of the two heroes of The Captain's Daughter - Grinev and Shvabrin.
Grinev was brought up in the family of a retired military man and became an officer himself. Petrusha is a soft and conscientious young man, full of the brightest dreams. For him, the height of human well-being is service in the guard. However, life itself dispels his illusions. After a card loss to Zurin, Grinev is ashamed. The meeting with the counselor that followed shortly shows that Petrusha is a good person. Despite Savelich's admonition, Grinev gives the counselor a hare sheepskin coat from his shoulder. Service in the Belogorsk fortress turned out to be easy, Petrusha falls in love with the commandant's daughter Masha Mironova. Being in love makes Grinev a poet. Petrusha shares his poetic samples with Alexei Shvabrin, a young officer exiled to the fortress for participating in a duel. It turns out that Shvabrin was also in love with Masha, but was refused. Shvabrin tries to denigrate the girl in the eyes of Grinev, and he challenges him to a duel. Petrusha receives a slight wound from his former friend. But even after that, Shvabrin continues to envy Grinev, because Masha and her parents carefully look after the wounded young man. However, Shvabrin soon gets the opportunity to take revenge.
Pugachev called on everyone to join his rebellious army. Shvabrin happily agrees: he swears allegiance to the impostor. Grinev, despite the mortal danger, does not change the military oath and dares to stand up for the orphaned Masha Mironova. Thus, rivals in love and opponents in a duel stand on opposite sides of the barricades. Shvabrin's position is, after all, less advantageous: by joining Pugachev, he thus placed himself outside the law once and for all. Grinev, whom Pugachev remembers from a meeting on the way, tells the impostor the truth about his beloved, hoping for indulgence from the leader. Grinev wins this psychological battle by saving himself and Masha.
Two officers of the Russian army - Pyotr Grinev and Aleksey Shvabrin behave completely differently: the first follows the laws of officer honor and remains faithful to the military oath, the second easily becomes a traitor. Grinev and Shvabrin are carriers of two fundamentally different worldviews. This is how they are portrayed by the author of the story "The Captain's Daughter"

In his novel The Captain's Daughter, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin described things that are very important for a decent human life, such as honor, duty and love. It seems to me that in this novel the writer tried to describe the ideal relationship between two ordinary people, the Russian officer Pyotr Grinev and the captain's daughter Maria Mironova.
Although most of the work is devoted to Grinev, in the novel the main character is Masha Mironova. It is in this sweet girl, the daughter of Captain Ivan Mironov, that Pushkin describes the ideal of a daughter, woman and wife. In the work, Masha appears before us as a sweet, clean, kind, caring and very faithful girl.
Maria's lover, Pyotr Grinev, was brought up from childhood in an atmosphere of high worldly morality. The personality of Peter combines the caring, kind and loving heart of his mother and the honesty, courage and directness that he inherited from his father.
For the first time, Pyotr Grinev meets Maria Mironova when he arrives at the Belogorsk fortress. Peter immediately gets the impression of Masha as a frivolous, frivolous girl. In short, Grinev perceives Masha as a simple "fool", because this is exactly how officer Shvabrin describes the captain's daughter to Petra. But soon Grinev notices in Maria a very kind, sympathetic and pleasant person, the exact opposite of Shvabrin's description. Grinev penetrates Masha with deep sympathy, and every day this sympathy became more and more. Listening to his feelings, Peter began to compose poems for his beloved, which became the reason for Shvabrin's mockery of Grinev. At this moment, we notice in Pyotr Grinev the qualities inherent in a real man. Peter intercedes for his beloved Masha Mironova without any cowardice and, with a desire to defend the honor of the captain's daughter, appoints a duel with Shvabrin. The duel ended not in Grinev's favor, but not at all because of Grinev's weakness in front of Shvabrin, but because of a stupid situation that distracted Peter from his opponent. Outcome - Grinev wounded in the chest.
But it was this event that became a turning point in the relationship between Mary and Peter. The first person whom Pyotr Grinev, sick and weak after the “defeat” in a duel, saw at his bedside was his beloved Maria Mironova. At this moment, Peter's feelings for Masha flared up in his heart even stronger and with renewed vigor. Without waiting, at the same second Grinev confessed to Masha his feelings and invited her to become his wife. Maria kissed Peter and confessed her mutual feelings to him. Worried about his already weak condition, she asked him to come to his senses and calm down, not to waste strength. At this moment, we notice in Maria a caring and affectionate girl, worried about the condition of her beloved.
From a new side, Masha is shown to us when Grinev receives a refusal from his father to bless his chosen one. Maria refuses to marry without the approval of her fiancé's parents. This situation reveals Masha Mironova to us as a pure, bright girl. In her opinion, without the blessing of the parents, Peter will not be happy. Masha thinks about the happiness of her beloved and is even ready to sacrifice her own. Mary admits the idea that Peter needs to find another wife, pleasing to the hearts of his parents. Without his beloved, Grinev loses the meaning of existence.
At the time of the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, Maria remains an orphan. But even in such a difficult period for her, she remains true to her honor, she does not give in to Shvabrin's attempts to marry her to herself. She decides that it is better to die altogether than to marry a man she despises.
Masha Mironova sends Grinev a letter telling of her suffering in Shvabrin's captivity. Peter's heart breaks with excitement for his beloved, Mary's suffering is literally transferred to Peter. Grinev, without any army, goes to save his beloved. At that moment, Peter did not think about anything but his beloved. Although the rescue of Mary is not complete without the help of Pugachev, Grinev and Masha are finally reunited. Having gone through such suffering and obstacles, two loving hearts still unite. Peter sends his fiancee to the village with his parents, worried for her safety. Now he is already sure that his father and mother will accept his bride, knowing her better. Peter himself went to serve the Empress, because he must serve his homeland, even risking his life. Not for the first time, Peter Grinev appears before us as a brave man.
Grinev's service ended successfully, but trouble came from where they were not expected. Grinev is accused of friendly relations with Pugachev. The case turned out to be very serious, there were too many accusations. At that moment, when even Grinev's parents lost faith in their son, only his beloved Maria believed her fiancé. Masha decides on a very risky and courageous act - she goes to the empress herself to prove the innocence of her fiancé. And she succeeds, thanks to her unceasing faith in Peter and her love for him. Maria saves her lover, just as Grinev saved Maria a little earlier.
The novel ends more than happily. Two loving hearts united after going through many obstacles. And all these obstacles only strengthened the love of Maria Mironova and Pyotr Grinev. Two loving people have gained a lot through their mutual love. Maria gained courage that she did not have before, but the fear for the life of her beloved forced her to step over her fears. Thanks to mutual love for Masha, Pyotr Grinev became a real man - a man, a nobleman, a warrior.
The relationship of these heroes is the author's ideal of a relationship between a man and a woman, where the main thing is love, fidelity, reciprocity and endless devotion to each other.
P.s: I'm in the 8th grade, I would like to hear criticism about my essay. Are there any semantic errors? As for punctuation, I would like to hear if there are many extra punctuation marks, and vice versa, there are not enough of them. Thanks in advance for your help and criticism.

Anna, before I start criticizing the work, I want to say that this is a very good text for grade 8. But it can be improved.

My remarks.

1. "The Captain's Daughter" - stylization for family notes. Pushkin hides under the mask of the Publisher and pretends that the author of the book is the supposedly real-life Pyotr Andreevich Grinev himself. Therefore, to state "although most of the work is given to Grinev, in the novel Masha Mironova is still the main character" is incorrect both from the point of view of style (naturally, Grinev is not a "heroine"), and from the point of view of meaning.

2. No "Peter" and "Mary". These are the heroes of the 18th century, not TV presenters. There are no such names in the book! There is Pyotr Andreevich or Petrusha and Marya Ivanovna or Masha.

3. Lots of retelling. Where is the analysis? More dynamic!

4. Masha is too often "nice". Too many "feelings" and words with the root "-love-". No need to squeeze.

5. "Mary's lover, Pyotr Grinev, from childhood was brought up in an atmosphere of high worldly morality. The caring, kind and loving heart of his mother and the honesty, courage and directness inherited from his father are combined in the personality of Peter." - Oh ... And Petrusha, until the age of 16, chased pigeons and played leapfrog, liked to listen to the tales of the poultry-keeper Agafya, studied poorly and was generally "grown undersized" (Does he not remind Mitrofan? And Father Grinev's appeal to Savelich does not resemble "old dog" "Old Hrychovka" Eremeevna?).
No need to be so pathetic about Grinev. He most of all resembles the beloved hero of Russian fairy tales, Ivanushka the Fool, and not Stirlitz, who has a "Nordic, self-possessed character" and who "impeccably performs his duty."

6. It must be said directly that the love story of two fictional characters develops against the backdrop of a page in the real tragic history of Russia (the actions of the Pugachev army in the Orenburg province and the siege of the city). The characters go through tragic circumstances and grow up. They find support from the two main figures of the era - Pugachev and Catherine.

7. Be sure to mention the title (why exactly "The Captain's Daughter", and not "Masha and Petrusha", or "Masha Mironova", or "Love and Pugachevshchina"?). In a difficult moment, Masha wakes up the character of her father-hero.

I will not write about literacy. There are extra commas, and spelling with speech errors needs to be checked.
Once again I repeat that in general the essay is not bad. It needs to be improved to make it great.

Thanks a lot for the criticism. Today I re-read the essay with a fresh mind and found a lot of inaccuracies, made many corrections. And extra commas really are not enough. Thanks again for your help and appreciation of my work.

I agree with Tatyana Vladimirovna, the essay as a whole is not bad, but it can and should be improved :). I will also make a few comments:

The genre of "The Captain's Daughter" is not a novel, as you, Anna, write, but a historical story. This is an actual error.

To get away from retelling, I advise you to find in the text the words with which the characters themselves speak about their feelings throughout the story. These reference points will make it possible to analyze the development of Grinev and Masha's love, and it will be easier for you to correctly place the accents in the essay.

Too many mistakes, especially speech and grammatical.

Vera Mikhailovna, I wouldn't frighten a girl about a factual error.
The genre of "The Captain's Daughter" is defined by researchers in different ways. This is a debatable question, and there is no definitive answer to it.
Arguments in favor of the fact that this is a story: in the center of the event, the average volume, chronicle plot, the minimum number of side storylines.
Arguments in favor of the novel: reliance on the fate of specific heroes, the private life of the heroes is connected with the social life of the era; an indirect sign is the orientation of the CD to the historical novels of Walter Scott.
Even the compilers of the Unified State Exam in literature cannot decide: either a story appears in the codifier, or a novel (the last three years - a novel). In part B, it is required to write "novel".
I am personally sure that this is a story, but another position also has a right to exist.

In The Captain's Daughter, several storylines develop simultaneously. One of them is the love story of Peter Grinev and Masha Mironova. This love line continues throughout the novel. At first, Peter reacted negatively to Masha due to the fact that Shvabrin described her as "a complete fool." But then Peter gets to know her better and discovers that she is "noble and sensitive." He falls in love with her and she loves him back too.

Grinev loves Masha very much and is ready for a lot for her sake. He proves this more than once. When Shvabrin humiliates Masha, Grinev quarrels with him and even shoots himself. When Peter is faced with a choice: to obey the general’s decision and stay in the besieged city, or to respond to Masha’s desperate cry “you are my only patron, intercede for me, poor!”, Grinev leaves Orenburg to save her. During the trial, risking his life, he does not consider it possible to name Masha, fearing that she will be subjected to humiliating interrogation - "it occurred to me that if I name her, the commission will demand her to account; and the thought of entangling her between vile tales villains and bring her to a face-to-face confrontation ... ".

But Masha's love for Grinev is deep and devoid of any selfish motives. She does not want to marry him without parental consent, thinking that otherwise Peter "will not have happiness." From a timid "coward" she, by the will of circumstances, is reborn into a resolute and steadfast heroine who managed to achieve the triumph of justice. She goes to the court of the Empress to save her beloved, to defend her right to happiness. Masha was able to prove the innocence of Grinev, in fidelity to his given oath. When Shvabrin wounds Grinev, Masha nurses him - "Maria Ivanovna did not leave me." Thus, Masha will save Grinev from shame, death and exile just as he saved her from shame and death.

For Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova, everything ends happily, and we see that no vicissitudes of fate can ever break a person if he is determined to fight for his principles, ideals, love. An unprincipled and dishonest person who does not know a sense of duty often expects the fate of being left alone with his vile deeds, baseness, meanness, without friends, loved ones and just close people.

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In the novel by A. S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" two opposite characters are depicted: the noble Pyotr Grinev and the dishonest Alexei Shvabrin. The history of their relationship is one of the main plot cores of The Captain's Daughter and reveals in detail the problem of protecting honor in the novel.

composition:

The novel by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter" is devoted to the problem of protecting and preserving honor. To reveal this topic, the author depicts two opposite characters: the young officer Pyotr Grinev and Alexei Shvabrin, exiled to the Belogorsk fortress for a duel.

Young Pyotr Grinev appears in the novel as an infantile, poorly educated nobleman, not ready for adult life, but in every possible way wishing to break out into this adult life. The time spent in the Belogorsk fortress and in the battles near Orenburg changes his character and fate. He not only develops all his best noble qualities, but also finds true love, remaining an honest person as a result.

In contrast to him, the author depicts Alexei Shvabrin from the very beginning as a man who clearly crossed the line between honor and dishonor. According to Vasilisa Yegorovna, Alexei Ivanovich "was discharged from the guards for murder, he does not believe in the Lord God." Pushkin endows his hero not only with a bad character and a penchant for dishonest deeds, but also symbolically draws a portrait of a man with a “swarty face and remarkably ugly”, but at the same time “excessively lively”.

Perhaps it is Shvabrin's liveliness that attracts Grinev. The young nobleman is also very interesting to Shvabrin, for whom the Belogorsk fortress is a link, a dead place in which he does not see people. Shvabrin’s interest in Grinev is explained by the desire to “finally see a human face” after five years of being in the hopeless wilderness of the steppe. Grinev feels sympathy for Shvabrin and spends a lot of time with him, but gradually feelings for Maria Mironova begin to take over more and more. This not only alienates Grinev from Shvabrin, but also provokes a duel between them. Grinev wants to take revenge on Shvabrin for slandering his beloved, whom Shvabrin takes revenge on for rejecting him.

During all subsequent events, Shvabrin increasingly shows his dishonor and, as a result, turns into the ultimate villain. All the most disgusting features of Grinev wake up in him: a slanderer, a traitor who forcibly wants to marry Maria. He and Grinev are no longer friends and not even comrades-in-arms, Shvabrin not only becomes disgusting to Grinev, in the Pugachev uprising they become on opposite sides. Even entering into relations with Pugachev, Grinev cannot go to the end, he cannot betray his noble honor. For Shvabrin, honor is initially not so important, so it doesn’t cost him anything to run across to the other side, and then slander honest Grinev.

Grinev and Shvabrin are two opposites that diverge as quickly as they attract. These heroes choose different paths, but the denouement still turns out to be successful for honest Grinev, who was pardoned by the Empress and lived a long happy life, unlike Shvabrin, who disappeared without a trace under the ringing of chains in prison corridors.

Even more essays on the topic: “Relations between Grinev and Shvabrin”:

The historical story "The Captain's Daughter" is the last work of A.S. Pushkin, written in prose. This work reflects all the most important themes of Pushkin's work of the late period - the place of the "little" person in historical events, moral choice in harsh social circumstances, law and mercy, people and power, "family thought". One of the central moral problems of the story is the problem of honor and dishonor. The resolution of this issue can be seen primarily in the fate of Grinev and Shvabrin.

These are young officers. Both serve in the Belogorsk fortress. Grinev and Shvabrin are nobles, close in age, education, mental development. Grinev describes his impression that the young lieutenant made on him in the following way: “Shvabrin was very clever. His conversation was sharp and entertaining. With great gaiety, he described to me the commandant's family, his society and the land where fate had taken me. However, the characters did not become friends. One of the reasons for hostility is Masha Mironova. It was in the relationship with the captain's daughter that the moral qualities of the heroes were revealed. Grinev and Shvabrin turned out to be antipodes. The attitude to honor and duty finally divorced Grinev and Shvabrin during the Pugachev rebellion.

Pyotr Andreevich is distinguished by kindness, gentleness, conscientiousness, and sensitivity. It is no coincidence that Grinev immediately became “native” for the Mironovs, and Masha fell in love with him deeply and selflessly. The girl confesses to Grinev: "... until the grave, you alone will remain in my heart." Shvabrin, on the contrary, makes a repulsive impression on others. The moral defect is already manifested in his appearance: he was short in stature, with a "remarkably ugly face." Masha, like Grinev, is unpleasant to Shvabrin, the girl is scared away by his evil tongue: "... he is such a mocker." In the lieutenant, she feels a dangerous person: “He is very disgusting to me, but it’s strange: I would never want him to like me either. That would make me afraid." Subsequently, having become a prisoner of Shvabrin, she is ready to die, but not to submit to him. For Vasilisa Egorovna, Shvabrin is a “murderer,” and Ivan Ignatich, an invalid, admits: “I myself am not a fan of him.”

Grinev is honest, open, straightforward. He lives and acts at the behest of his heart, and his heart is freely subject to the laws of noble honor, the code of Russian chivalry, and a sense of duty. These laws are unchangeable for him. Grinev is a man of his word. He promised to thank the random guide, and did so despite Savelich's desperate resistance. Grinev could not give half a ruble for vodka, but he gave the counselor his hare sheepskin coat. The law of honor forces the young man to pay a huge billiard debt to the not-too-fairly playing hussar Zurin. Grinev is noble and ready to fight a duel with Shvabrin, who insulted the honor of Masha Mironova.

Grinev is consistently honest, while Shvabrin commits immoral acts one after another. This envious, vicious, vengeful person is accustomed to act by deceit and deceit. Shvabrin intentionally described Grinev Masha as a "perfect fool", concealed from him his matchmaking for the captain's daughter. Grinev soon understood the reasons for Shvabrin's deliberate slander, with which he pursued Masha: "Probably, he noticed our mutual inclination and tried to distract us from each other."

Shvabrin is ready to get rid of the opponent by any means. Insulting Masha, he skillfully infuriates Grinev and provokes a challenge to a duel, not considering the inexperienced Grinev a dangerous opponent. The lieutenant planned the murder. This man stops at nothing. He is used to having all his desires fulfilled. According to Vasilisa Yegorovna, Shvabrin was “transferred to the Belogorsk fortress for murder”, for “stabbing a lieutenant in a duel, and even with two witnesses”. During the duel of officers, Grinev, unexpectedly for Shvabrin, turned out to be a skilled swordsman, but, taking advantage of a favorable moment for him, Shvabrin wounded Grinev.

Grinev is generous, and Shvabrin is low. After the duel, the young officer forgave the "unfortunate opponent", and he continued to treacherously take revenge on Grinev and wrote a denunciation to his parents. Shvabrin constantly commits immoral acts. But the main crime in the chain of his constant baseness is going over to the side of Pugachev not for ideological, but for selfish reasons. Pushkin shows how, in historical trials, all the qualities of nature are fully manifested in a person. The vile beginning in Shvabrin makes him a complete scoundrel. Grinev's openness and honesty attracted Pugachev to him and saved his life. The high moral potential of the hero was revealed during the most difficult tests for the strength of convictions. Grinev several times had to choose between honor and dishonor, and in fact between life and death.

After Pugachev "pardoned" Grinev, he had to kiss his hand, that is, recognize him as a king. In the chapter "The Uninvited Guest", Pugachev himself arranges a "test of compromise", trying to get a promise from Grinev "at least not to fight" against him. In all these cases, the hero, risking his life, shows firmness and intransigence.

Shvabrin has no moral principles. He saves his life by breaking his oath. Grinev was amazed to see "among the foremen Shvabrin, cut in a circle and in a Cossack caftan." This terrible man continues to relentlessly pursue Masha Mironova. Shvabrin is fanatically obsessed with the desire to achieve not love, but at least obedience from the captain's daughter. Grinev gives an assessment of Shvabrin’s actions: “I looked with disgust at the nobleman, wallowing at the feet of a runaway Cossack.”

The author's position coincides with the views of the narrator. This is evidenced by the epigraph to the story: "Take care of honor from a young age." Grinev remained faithful to duty and honor. He said the most important words to Pugachev: “Just don’t demand what is contrary to my honor and Christian conscience.” Shvabrin violated both noble and human duty.

Source: mysoch.ru

The story "The Captain's Daughter" by A. Pushkin attracts the reader not only with interesting historical facts, but also with vivid, memorable images of heroes.

Young officers Petr Grinev and Aleksey Shvabrin are characters whose characters and views are completely opposite. This is evidenced by how differently they behave in everyday life, in critical situations, in love. And if you feel sympathy for Grinev from the very first pages of the story, then acquaintance with Shvabrin causes contempt and disgust.

The portrait of Shvabrin is as follows: "... a young officer of short stature, with a swarthy face and remarkably ugly." To match the appearance and his nature - evil, cowardly, hypocritical. Shvabrin is capable of dishonest deeds, it doesn’t cost him anything to slander or betray a person for his own benefit. This person most of all cares about his "selfish" interest.

Having failed to achieve the love of Masha Mironova, he not only seeks to stand in her way to happiness, but also tries to force the girl to marry him with the help of threats and force. Saving his life, Shvabrin is one of the first to swear allegiance to the impostor Pugachev, and when this is revealed and he is brought to trial, he gives false testimony against Grinev in order to somehow avenge all his failures.

In the image of Pyotr Grinev, all the best features of the nobility were embodied. He is honest, brave, courageous, just, knows how to keep his word, loves his fatherland and is devoted to his duty. Most of all, a young man has sincerity and straightforwardness. He is alien to arrogance and sycophancy. Having managed to win the love of Marya Ivanovna, Grinev reveals himself not only as a tender and devoted admirer. Above all, he puts her honor, her name, and is ready not only to defend them with a sword in his hand, but also to go into exile for the sake of Masha.

With his positive character traits, Grinev conquered even the robber Pugachev, who helped him free Masha from the hands of Shvabrin and wanted to be planted by his father at their wedding.

I am sure that in our time, many would like to be like Pyotr Grinev, while I would never want to meet Shvabrin.

Source: www.ukrlib.com

Aleksey Ivanovich Shvabrin is not only a negative character, but also the opposite of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, the narrator on whose behalf the story is told in The Captain's Daughter.

Grinev and Shvabrin are not the only characters in the story who are somehow compared with each other: such “pairs” form almost all the main characters of the work: Empress Catherine - the false emperor Pugachev, Masha Mironova - her mother Vasilisa Yegorovna, - which allows us to say about comparison as one of the most important compositional techniques used by the author in the story.

It is interesting, however, that not all of these heroes are absolutely opposed to each other. So, Masha Mironova, rather, is compared with her mother and shows as much devotion to her chosen one and courage in the struggle for him as captain Mironova, who was not afraid of the villains and accepted death with her husband. The opposition of the "couple" Ekaterina - Pugachev is not as unambiguous as it seems at first glance.

These warring and warring characters have many close traits and similar actions. Both are capable of both cruelty and the manifestation of mercy and justice. In the name of Catherine, the supporters of Pugachev (a mutilated Bashkir with a cut off tongue) are brutally persecuted and subjected to brutal torture, and Pugachev commits atrocities and executions along with his comrades. On the other hand, both Pugachev and Ekaterina show mercy towards Grinev, saving him and Marya Ivanovna from trouble and finally arranging their happiness.

And only between Grinev and Shvabrin nothing but antagonism is found. It is already indicated in the names by which the author calls his heroes. Grinev bears the name of Peter, he is the namesake of the great emperor, for whom Pushkin, of course, had the most enthusiastic feelings. Shvabrin was given the name of a traitor to his father's cause - Tsarevich Alexei. This, of course, does not mean at all that every character in Pushkin's work bearing one of these names should be correlated in the reader's mind with the named historical figures. But in the context of the story, where the problem of honor and dishonor, devotion and betrayal is so important, such a coincidence seems to be no coincidence.

It is known how seriously Pushkin took the concept of ancestral honor of the nobility, to what is usually called roots. It is no coincidence, of course, that is why the story tells in such detail and in detail about the childhood of Petrusha Grinev, about his family, in which the traditions of centuries-old noble education are sacredly preserved. And let these "habits of dear old times" be described not without irony - it is obvious that the author's irony is full of warmth and understanding. And in the end, it was the thought of the impossibility of dishonoring the honor of the family, that did not allow Grinev to commit betrayal against his beloved girl, to violate the officer's oath.

Shvabrin is a man without a family, without a tribe. We do not know anything about his origin, about his parents. Nothing is said about his childhood, about his upbringing. Behind him, it seems, there is no spiritual and moral baggage that supports Grinev. Shvabrin, apparently, no one gave a simple and wise instruction: "Take care of honor from a young age." Therefore, he easily neglects it to save his own life and simply for personal well-being. At the same time, we note that Shvabrin is an inveterate duelist: it is known that he was transferred to the Belogorsk fortress for some kind of "villainy", probably for a duel. He challenges Grinev to a duel, moreover, in a situation where he himself is to blame: he insulted Maria Ivanovna, vilely slandering her in front of the lover Pyotr Andreevich.

It is important that duels in the story are not approved by any of the honest heroes: neither Captain Mironov, who reminded Grinev that "fights are formally prohibited in the military article", nor Vasilisa Yegorovna, who considered them "death murder" and "murder", nor Savelich. Grinev accepts the challenge, defending the honor of his beloved girl, Shvabrin, on the other hand, from the fact that he was rightly called a liar and scoundrel. Thus, in his addiction to duels, Shvabrin turns out to be a defender of a superficial, falsely understood honor, a zealot not of the spirit, but of the letter of the law, only of its external observance. This once again proves that he has no idea of ​​​​true honor.

For Shvabrin, nothing is sacred at all: no love, no friendship, no duty. Moreover, we understand that the neglect of these concepts is a common thing for him. From the words of Vasilisa Egorovna, we learn that Shvabrin "does not believe in the Lord God," that he "was discharged from the guard for murder." Not every duel and not every officer was fired from the guard. Obviously, some ugly, vile story was connected with that duel. And, consequently, what happened in the Belogorsk fortress and subsequently was not an accident, not the result of momentary weakness, not just cowardice, in the end forgivable under certain circumstances. Shvabrin came to his final downfall naturally.

He lived without faith, without moral ideals. He himself was unable to love, and neglected the feelings of others. After all, he knew that Masha was disgusted, but, despite this, he harassed her, stopping at nothing. The advice that he gives Grinev in relation to Marya Ivanovna betrays a vulgarity in him (“... if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of gentle rhymes give her a pair of earrings”), Shvabrin is not only mean, but also cunning. After the duel, fearing new troubles, he plays a scene of sincere repentance in front of Grinev. Further events show that the simple-hearted Grinev believed the liar in vain. At the first opportunity, Shvabrin vilely takes revenge on Grinev by betraying Marya Ivanovna Pugacheva. And here the villain and criminal, the peasant Pugachev, shows nobility incomprehensible to Shvabrin: he, to Shvabrin's indescribable malice, releases Grinev and Masha Mironova with God, forcing Shvabrin to give them "a pass to all outposts and fortresses subject to him. Shvabrin, completely destroyed, stood as if dumbfounded "...

The last time we see Shvabrin, when he, arrested for his connection with Pugachev, chained, makes a last attempt to slander and destroy Grinev. Outwardly, he has changed a lot: “his hair, recently jet-black, has completely turned gray,” but his soul is still black: he uttered his accusations, albeit in a “weak, but bold voice” - so great were his anger and hatred for the happiness of the opponent.

Shvabrin will end his life as ingloriously as he lived: loved by no one and loved no one, serving no one and nothing, but only adapting all his life. He is like a tumbleweed, a plant without a root, a man without a family, without a tribe, he did not live, but rolled down,
until you fall into the abyss...

Details

Getting ready to write

Grinev and Shvabrin
(comparative characteristics of the heroes of the novel by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter")

Compare- set traits similarities or differences, compare (Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by S. Ozhegov).

Comparative characteristics can be built two ways:

1. Sequential comparison (after the introduction, tell about one hero, then about another, draw conclusions)
2. Side by side comparison (after the introduction, the characters are compared in different positions: the upbringing of one and the other, attitude towards Masha, behavior during an attack, the fate of the characters, etc.)

To write an introduction try to answer the questions:

• Remember the epigraph to the whole work. What issues does the author raise in the novel?
• Which of the heroes is faithful to duty and walks the path of honor?
• Who neglects the concepts of duty and honor?
• The choice of which of the characters can be called moral?

In preparation for writing, complete test tasks.

1. Establish a correspondence between the three main characters appearing in the work and their inherent personality traits. For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
2. Establish a correspondence between the three main characters appearing in the work and their fate. For each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
3. Pyotr Grinev and Aleksey Shvabrin from the first pages of the work are given in opposition. What is the name of the technique of sharp opposition used in a work of art?

So, Grinev and Shvabrin are antipodal heroes, but they also have general :

1. both officers
2. both are young
3. both love Marya Ivanovna

Heroes appear in next episodes :

1. meeting Grinev and Shvabrin
2. their talk about Masha
3. duel
4. capture of the Belogorsk fortress
5. rescue of Masha Mironova
6. arrest and interrogation

Compare the heroes according to the following plan:

1. Upbringing and education.

   Grinev was brought up in the conditions of a provincial noble family, received a modest education, and experienced the influence of a man from the people. From childhood, his father inspires him with strong moral principles, which helped him to honorably get out of those difficult, sometimes hopeless situations in which his life put him.

   Shvabrin received a metropolitan upbringing and education.

   How did Grinev and Shvabrin end up in the fortress?

2. Attitude to military duty.

   How did Shvabrin behave during the capture of the Belogorsk fortress? And Grinev? How does this behavior characterize the characters?

3. Attitude to Masha Mironova.

   Try these phrases to "distribute" between Grinev and Shvabrin.

   depth and sincerity of feelings, the ability to act heroically in the name of love, the base nature of feelings, deep respect for a woman, the ability to violence and bullying, disrespectful attitude towards a woman.

   A comment.

   Everything in the story is full of mercy. The very love of Peter Andreevich and Marya Ivanovna Mironova is basically love - mercy. Not love is passion, not love is admiration, but love is mercy.

   He loves and tearfully regrets the orphan who has no one left in the whole world, Grinev. Marya Ivanovna loves and saves her knight from the terrible fate of dishonor. The author emphasizes such virtues as fidelity, gratitude, sacrifice, obedience, the ability to love deeply.

   Usually love awakens the best qualities in a person: kindness, mercy, generosity. A mop does not decorate even love. In his desire to eliminate the opponent, he is ready to send him even to death.

   The absence of any convictions breeds outright cynicism. It is difficult to say that his falling in love with Masha is a genuine great feeling. And indeed, his attitude towards Marya Ivanovna (he lowly slanders Grinev at her, and then, when she is in his power, she simply torments a defenseless girl) reveals to us the whole base essence of his love feeling, which turns out to be nothing more than an egoistic sensual passion.

4. Attitude towards people.
   • Which of the heroes is characterized by anger, contempt for people, deceit and hypocrisy, the ability to slander, vindictiveness?
   • Which of the heroes is characterized by kindness, truthfulness and generosity, sincere generosity, deep justice?
   • In what episodes does this appear?
   • Do you agree with the opinion of the poetess M.I. Tsvetaeva. claiming that Shvabrin - "petty envious and scammer", "low villain"?
   • Pay attention to how the fate of the two heroes developed. Is this ending appropriate?

Consider how you can build conclusion. Perhaps you can tell about the attitude of the author to his characters. Or write about your attitude towards them. In any case, think about the moral lessons of the piece.

Plan

I. Introduction. The problem of honor and duty in the story.
Common in heroes (officers from the nobility, both love Masha).

II. Grinev and Shvabrin.

1. common in heroes.
2. Grinev and Shvabrin are antipodes.
   a) Grinev's loyalty to military duty and Shvabrin's betrayal.
   b) The depth and sincerity of Grinev's feeling and the base nature of this feeling in Shvabrin.
   c) Grinev's sincerity and decency and Shvabrin's deceit and deceit.
   d) The fate of Grinev and the fate of Shvabrin.
   e) The attitude of the author to his characters.

III. Conclusion. Moral lessons of the story.

Speech preparation.

Since the comparative characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin are built mainly on contrasts, it is advisable to use introductory words ( vice versa) logical conclusions can be conveyed using words and phrases ( because, it serves as proof of this, it confirms, that's why ), as well as introductory words ( so, thus, finally ), expressions are also appropriate, with the help of which you can compare in parallel ( if... then another...).

Choosing an epigraph

Honor is dearer than life.
F. Schiller

I agree to endure any misfortune,
But I don't agree
To hurt honor.
P. Corneille

Critic's opinion

“He [Grinev] is a Russian nobleman, a man of the 18th century, with the stamp of his era on his forehead .... he does not fit into the framework of the noble ethics of his time. He's too human for that. He does not dissolve completely in any of the camps of his time... This is the profound difference between Grinev and Shvabrin, who fits perfectly into the play of the social forces of his time. Grinev is suspected by the Pugachevites as a nobleman and intercessor for the daughter of their enemy, by the government - as a friend of Pugachev. He did not "fall" to any camp; Shvabrin - to both: a nobleman with all noble prejudices, with purely class contempt for the dignity of another person, he becomes a servant of Pugachev "( Yu.M. Lotman)