One-part sentences- sentences with one main member only the predicate or only the subject: Silence. It's getting light. There's no one on the street. There is only one main member in a one-part sentence, and it cannot be called either a subject or a predicate. This is the main member of the proposal.

One-part sentences can be common and non-common, depending on whether the main member is explained with additional words or not. One-part sentences are of two types: verbal and substantive.

Verb one-part sentence. A distinctive feature of one-part verbal sentences is the absence of a subject: the subject of the action is not represented in them, therefore the action is considered as independent. Such a one-part sentence includes the conjugated form of the verb as an auxiliary or linking verb, or is only such a verb: Are you going home?; Outside the window they sing; You won't fool him; He was having fun; Do not pass here. Verbal one-part sentences are divided into:

definitely personal;

vaguely personal;

generalized personal;

impersonal;

Definitely personal suggestions- one-part sentences denoting the actions or states of the direct participants in the speech - the speaker or the interlocutor. The predicate (main member) in them is expressed in the form of the 1st or 2nd person of the verbs, singular or plural.

The category of a person is in the present and future tenses of the indicative mood and in the imperative mood. Accordingly, the predicate in definite personal sentences can be expressed in the following forms: tell, tell, tell, tell, tell, tell, let's tell; go, go, go, go, I will go, you will go, we will go, you will go, go, go, let's go.

I know that in the evening you will go beyond the ring of roads, we will sit in a fresh shock under the neighboring haystack. (S. Yesenin);

In the depths of the Siberian ores keep proud patience. (A. Pushkin).

These sentences are very close in their meaning to two-part sentences. Almost always, the relevant information can be conveyed in a two-part sentence by substituting the subject into the sentence. me, you, we or you.

Indefinitely personal sentences- these are one-part sentences that denote the action or state of an indefinite person; the actor in the grammatical basis is not named, although it is thought personally, but the emphasis is on the action.

The main member of such sentences is the 3rd person plural form (present and future tense, indicative mood and imperative mood) or the plural form (past tense and conditional verbs or adjectives): they say, they will say, they said, let them say, they would say; (im) satisfied; (he) are happy.

For example:

In the village they say that she is not at all a relative of him ... (N. Gogol);

An elephant was led along the streets ... (I. Krylov);

And let them talk, let them talk, but - no, no one dies in vain ... (V. Vysotsky);

It's okay that we are poets, if only they would read us and sing. (L. Oshanin).

The form of the 3rd person plural of the verb-predicate does not contain information about either the number of figures or the degree of their fame. Therefore, this form can express: 1) a group of persons: The school actively addresses the problem of academic achievement; 2) one person: They brought me this book; 3) both one person and a group of persons: Someone is waiting for me; 4) a person known and unknown: Somewhere far away they scream; I got a 5 on the exam.

Indefinitely personal sentences most often have secondary members, i.e. indefinitely personal sentences, as a rule, are common. As part of indefinitely personal sentences, two groups of secondary members are used: 1) Circumstances of place and time, which usually indirectly characterize the figure: They sang in the hall. There is noise in the next class. In youth, they often strive to imitate someone (A. Fadeev); These distributors usually characterize the figure indirectly, designating the place and time associated with the person's activity. 2) Direct and indirect additions made to the beginning of the sentence: We were invited into a room; He is welcome here; Now he will be brought here (M. Gorky).

Generalized personal sentences- these are one-part sentences in which the verb-predicate denotes an action that is performed by a wide, generalized circle of people.

The verb-predicate in a generalized personal sentence is in the same form as in definite personal and indefinite personal sentences. Proverbs are a prime example.

You can't even catch a fish from a pond without effort.

Business before pleasure.

You never know where you will find the real word. (Paust.)

Generalized personal sentences are used in cases where it is important to name the action itself, and not the persons who perform it. Generalized personal sentences - sentences in which the action is timeless, refers to any, every person, to a group of persons. Common in proverbs, sayings, aphorisms.

Definitely personal and indefinitely personal sentences can have a generalized meaning, that is, the action referred to in the sentence applies to all persons in general.

impersonal proposals- These are one-component sentences that talk about an action or state that arises and exists independently of the producer of the action or the carrier of the state.

A feature of the grammatical meaning of impersonal sentences is the meaning of spontaneity, the involuntary nature of the expressed action or state. It manifests itself in a variety of cases when it is expressed: action ( The boat is carried to the shore); condition of a person or animal I couldn't sleep; He is cold); state of the environment ( It's getting dark; Pulls with freshness); the state of affairs ( Bad with frames; Experiments cannot be delayed.), etc. According to D. E. Rosenthal, impersonal sentences have a “tinge of passivity, inertia”.

According to the school classification, impersonal sentences also include infinitive sentences (that is, sentences with a main member-predicate expressed by an independent infinitive).

The main term can be expressed:

Form of the 3rd person singular of an impersonal or personal verb: It's getting light! It smells of spring through the glass (L. May);

The neuter form: Happiness covered you with snow, took you centuries ago, trampled you with the boots of soldiers retreating into eternity (G. Ivanov); There was not enough bread even before Christmas (A. Chekhov);

Word No(in the past tense, it corresponds to the neuter form did not have, and in the future - the form of the 3rd person singular - will not): And suddenly consciousness will throw me in response that you were not and are not more obedient (N. Gumilyov).

By combining the word of the category of state (with a modal meaning) with the infinitive (compound verbal predicate): When you know that it is impossible to laugh, then - then this shaking, painful laughter takes possession of you (A. Kuprin); It's time to get up: it's already seven o'clock (A. Pushkin);

Brief passive participle of the middle gender (compound nominal predicate): Wonderfully arranged in our world! (N. Gogol); I have not tidied up!.. (A. Chekhov);

Infinitive: You will not see such battles (M. Lermontov); Well, how not to please your own little man? (A. Griboyedov); For a long time to sing and ring the blizzard (S. Yesenin).

Substantive one-part sentence. The main member is expressed by the form of the noun. Substantive sentences are not just verbless, they are not even supposed to act. Depending on the meaning, substantive sentences are divided into:

nominative;

genitive.

denominations.

Nominative proposals assert the existence of an object in the present tense: Night. Street. Flashlight. Pharmacy. (Blok A.A.).

Genitive sentences, in addition to beingness and the present, have the meaning of redundancy, enhanced by emotional coloring. Genitive sentences can be common: Gold, gold, how much evil through you! (Ostrovsky A.N.)

denominations- this is one of the types of one-part sentences, the form of the main member in which is similar in expression to the subject.

The main member of nominal sentences is expressed by the form of the nominative case of the noun and the phrase, which includes the nominative case. In principle, the use of a pronoun is also possible, usually in colloquial speech: "Here I am!" Ariel said as she floated into the living room.. The use of the independent nominative case is possible in these sentences, since their meaning is a message about the being, presence, existence of an object or phenomenon. Therefore, only one grammatical tense is assumed - the present.

Types of nominal sentences

Nominative existential state the existence of an object. The subject is expressed in the nominative case of any nominal part of speech: Mom, porridge, cat, spoon, book, bright cover...

denominative indexes point to an object. In the grammatical basis, in addition to the subject, expressed in the nominative case of any name, demonstrative particles HERE or WON appear: Here is a sofa for you, spread yourself out to rest (Gr.).

Estimated denominative evaluate the subject from the speaker's point of view. In the grammatical basis, in addition to the subject, expressed in the nominative case of any name, various expressive-emotional particles appear: Well, night! Here's to you, grandmother and St. George's day.

Desirable-naming express a strong desire for something. In the grammatical basis, in addition to the subject, expressed in the nominative case of any name, particles appear ONLY, ONLY WOULD, IF: If only not the control.

Incomplete a sentence is called that is characterized by an incomplete grammatical structure due to the omission of certain formally necessary members (main or secondary), which, even without naming, are clear from the context or setting.

The incompleteness of the grammatical structure of such sentences does not prevent them from serving the purposes of communication, since the omission of certain members does not violate the semantic completeness and definiteness of these sentences.

In this respect, incomplete sentences differ from unsaid sentences, which are interrupted for one reason or another by statements, for example: But wait, Kalinina, what if... No, it won't work like that...(B. Paul); - I'm, mother. Am I... People say that she...(B. Paul.).

Correlation with complete sentences is revealed by the presence in such sentences of words that retain the grammatical functions and forms characteristic of them in the corresponding complete sentences. It is they who point to the "empty" positions of the omitted members of the sentence. Incomplete sentences are especially common in colloquial styles of language, they are widely used in fiction, both in the transfer of dialogue and in description.

Types of incomplete sentences. Incomplete sentences are divided into contextual and situational. contextual incomplete sentences with unnamed members of the sentence that were mentioned in the context are called: in the nearest sentences or in the same sentence (if it is complex).

Contextual suggestions include:

Simple sentences with unnamed main or minor members (separately or in groups). Absence of subject:

- Wait, who are you? Kurov was surprised.

- Rostislav Sokolov, - the boy introduced himself and even bowed at the same time(B. Paul.).

Absence of predicate:

- You left your wife, Mikola?

- No,she me(Shol.).

Absence of both subject and predicate:

- Does the baker Konovalov work here?

- Here!I answered her(M. G.).

Absence of predicate and circumstance: Kalinich stood closer to nature.Ferret - to people, to society(T.).

Absence of predicate and object: Who was waiting for him?Empty, uncomfortable room(B. Paul.).

The absence of a minor member of the proposal (additions, circumstances) in the presence of a definition relating to the missing member: The mother gave the father carrots, but forgot to give the gloves.I handed my father(S. Bar.).

Compound sentences with an unnamed main or subordinate clause.

- Well, where are your Near Mills? - What is it to you? You say, not mills? - Where? What do you mean "where"? Here. - Where is it? -Where do we go(Cat.). The main part is not named in the last sentence.

Incomplete sentences that are part of a complex sentence with an unnamed member in another part of the complex sentence.

In a compound sentence: In one hand he held a fishing rod,and in the other - a kukan with a fish(Sol.). In the second part of the complex sentence, the main members that are in the first part are not named.

In a complex sentence: Lopakhin jumped into the trench and,when he raised his head, I saw how the lead aircraft, absurdly falling on the wing, dressed in black smoke and began to fall obliquely(Shol.). In the subordinate part of the sentence, when he raised his head, the subject was not named, which is common with the main part.

In a non-union complex sentence: This is how we go:on level ground - on a cart, uphill - on foot, and downhill - so with jogging(Sol.). In the explanatory part of the complex sentence, the predicate mentioned in the explanatory part is not named.

situational incomplete sentences with unnamed members are called, which are clear from the situation, prompted by the situation. For example: Somehow, after midnight, he knocked on Zhuravushka's door. She threw back the hook ... -Can?he asked in a trembling voice(M. Alekseev).

Occasionally there was a whine somewhere. Apparently not close.

- Calmed down- peacefully said my neighbor(S. Bar.). While I was waiting for my turn, printing presses began to scroll behind me. Only women worked for them today.

- I'm behind you!I warned and ran to my car.(S. Bar.).

Incomplete sentences are especially typical of dialogic speech., which is a combination of replicas or a unity of questions and answers. The peculiarity of dialogic sentences is determined by the fact that in oral speech, along with words, extralinguistic factors also act as additional components: gestures, facial expressions, situation. In such sentences, only those words are called, without which the thought becomes incomprehensible.

Among dialogic sentences, sentences-replicas and sentences-answers to questions are distinguished.

Suggestions-replicas are links in a common chain of successive replicas. In a dialogue replica, as a rule, those members of the sentence are used that add something new to the message, and the members of the sentence already mentioned by the speaker are not repeated, and the replicas that begin the dialogue are usually more complete in composition than subsequent ones. For example:

- Go to the dressing.

- Will kill...

- Crawling.

- You won't be saved anyway.(New-Rev.).

Suggestions-answers vary depending on the nature of the issue. They can be answers to a question in which one or another member of the sentence stands out:

- What's in your knot, eagles?

"Crayfish," the tall man answered reluctantly.

- Wow! Where did you get them?

- Near the dam(Shol.).

They can be answers to a question requiring confirmation or denial of what was said:

- Do you have a grandmother?

- Not at all.

- And the mother?

- Eat(New-Rev.).

Can be answers to a question with suggested answers:

- What have you not tried - to fish or to love?

- First(M. G.).

And finally, answers in the form of a counter-question with the meaning of the statement:

- How will you live?

- And what about the head, and what about the hands?(M. G.).

- Tell me, Stepan, did you marry for love? - asked Masha.

- What kind of love do we have in the village? Stepan replied and chuckled.(Ch.).

SINGLE AND INCOMPLETE SENTENCES 1. Indicate the incorrect statement. A. In one-piece

sentences, the grammatical basis consists of one main member.

B. One-part sentences can be extended.

B. Incomplete sentences are those in which the main member is omitted.

D. The omission of a sentence member in pronunciation can be expressed by a pause.

2. Find one-part sentences.

A. The day is clear.

B. It's freezing in the morning.

Q. What would that mean?

G. I am unwell.

D. A number of telegraph poles.

3. Specify specific-personal offers.

A. Choose a book to your liking.

B. Will you be from Moscow?

B. There is noise in the house.

D. Chickens are counted in the fall.

D. To be a great storm. 4

4. Find vaguely personal offers.

A. Here is the front entrance.

B. I love a thunderstorm in early May.

B. There was a knock on the door.

G. You can’t take a fish out of the pond without labor.

D. They will remember his stories for a long time.

5. Specify impersonal sentences.

A. You cannot fill a bottomless barrel with water.

B. Soon it will be light.

C. Get ready for the lesson.

D. A tree was lit by a thunderstorm.

6. Find generalized personal sentences.

A. You will not see such battles.

B. Work was especially good in the evenings.

V. What kind of birds you will not see in the forest!

G. Do you like to ride - love to carry sleds

7. Specify nominal sentences.

A. I'm cold.

B. Here is the factory street.

B. This is a house under a tar paper roof.

D. Third hour of the day.

D. The water is slightly brownish.

8. Find examples that have incomplete sentences.

A. It dawns early in summer, and late in winter.

B. Mind is power.

V. It is hot in the hut.

D. We are leaving tomorrow for the sea.

D. "What's your name?" - "Me Anna."

9. In what examples are punctuation marks incorrectly placed?

A. On a hillock it is either damp or hot.

B. Here is the sea: here are the dense forests of Perm.

B. It's bright outside and you can see right through the garden.

G. Nowhere you breathe freely, native meadows, native fields.

1. Find the correct statement. One-part sentences are: a) sentences in which there are all the members of the sentence necessary for the meaning; b)

sentences that consist of two or more simple sentences; c) sentences in which there is only the composition of the predicate or the composition of the subject.

2. One-part sentences are divided into the following types: a) nominative, indefinitely personal, complete, impersonal, generalized personal; b) definitely-personal, nominal, narrative, generalized-personal; c) nominative, indefinitely personal, definitely personal, impersonal, generalized personal.

3. What are the names of single-part sentences in which the actor is not named, but is thought of as a specific person: a) generalized-personal, b) indefinitely-personal, c) definitely-personal, d) nominative, e) impersonal.

4. Which of the sentences is impersonal: a) Do not hurry with your tongue, drive with business. b) I can't write today. c) The puddles were covered with blue ice.

5. What are the names of one-part sentences in which there is a predicate, but there is not and cannot be a subject: a) definitely personal; b) impersonal, c) indefinitely personal, d) nominative. 6. Which of the sentences is indefinitely personal: a) There is a small sauna in the garden.

b) The bath has recently been heated. c) Wake me up early tomorrow.

7. What are the names of sentences in which the actor is not named and is thought of as an indefinite person: a) impersonal, b) indefinitely personal, c) definitely personal, d) nominal.

8. Which of the sentences is generalized-personal: a) The patient did not sleep at night. b) You get tired quickly from hard work. c) There is a street number on the gate.

9. What are the names of sentences in which there is only the composition of the subject: a) impersonal, b) definitely personal, c) nominative, d) indefinitely personal; e) generalized-personal.

10. Which of these sentences is denominative: a) The first snow was carried to the ponds. b) The snow creaks under the sleigh. c) White music under the runners. 11. Which of these sentences is definitely personal: a) It immediately became noisy in an empty old house. b) Well, brothers, let's drag on my favorite song for the coming dream! c) Remember those who did not return from the war.

12. In what sentences is the predicate expressed in the form of 1 or 2 persons singular. and many others. will reveal the numbers. and imperative mood: a) impersonal, b) indefinitely personal, c) definitely personal, d) nominative, e) generalized personal.

13. In what sentences is the predicate expressed in the form of the past tense pl. numbers and 3 persons plural: a) impersonal, b) indefinitely personal, c) definitely personal, d) nominal.

14. In what sentences is the predicate expressed by an impersonal verb or a personal verb in an impersonal form: a) nominal; .b) definitely personal, c) indefinitely personal, d) impersonal.

15. What are the names of sentences in which there are all the main and secondary members necessary to understand their meaning: a) impersonal, b) complete; c) indefinitely personal, d) nominal; d) incomplete.

16. Make a syntactic analysis of the sentence. The old rustic tablecloth smelled of rye bread and milk.

1. Arrange the signs of foaming, indicate the type of one-component sentences .... Because of the tops of the fir trees

The moon came out and immediately brightened noticeably.

..... Volodya was a kind boy and this made his mother happy

...... Dark rain clouds were approaching from the east, and from there occasionally

sipped moisture

..... A tractor approached and immediately it became noisy on the outskirts of a small sleeping

villages

2. Which of the sentences is incomplete, where should a dash be put in place of the missing member?

...Through the semicircular windows we will see a garden littered with snow.

.....Rose beds and vine-covered hulls amazed me.

..... There are two forms of life: rotting and burning. Cowardly and greedy will choose the first, courageous and generous the second.

..... The moon has risen and its radiance is bizarre, colorful and mysteriously blossomed the forest.

3. Specify an incomplete offer.

.... It was already dawn

...I'm chilly

...thinking about bread and rest

.... after a downpour, no thunderstorm, no wind

4. Determine which member of the sentence is missing in incomplete sentences?

.... First I was introduced to Ivan, then to Roman

.... To the left, a forgotten spruce rustled, to the right, weeping willows.

.... I love St. Petersburg very much. I studied there, worked for many years

.... Larisa has a beautiful dress, Luda has a green one

5. DETERMINE THE TYPE OF A SINGLE OFFER

... you can’t take a look at our steppe expanses

....clear winter afternoon

.... light and sparkling all around

... we were not told that news

...no desire to go

...everyone was breathtaking

...will you come with us to the zoo?

... retransmitted an emergency message

6. Indicate an incorrect statement

... all one-part sentences are incomplete

...an impersonal verb can be in the imperative mood

.... the type of a one-part sentence is determined by the way the main member of the sentence is expressed

..... the word missing in an incomplete sentence is "prompted" either by the context or the speech situation.

Can two prepositions be placed in a row in a Russian sentence, and at the same time so that there is no punctuation mark between them? If possible, please provide

examples of such combinations and characterize their structure, and if necessary, also indicate the properties of prepositions that allow such use. Can the sentence He followed me be considered a suitable example?

A large number of errors in the analysis of simple sentences is associated with a misunderstanding of the specifics of one-part and incomplete sentences, with the inability to distinguish between these types of structures.

One-part sentences- these are sentences in which the grammatical basis consists of one main member. This main member in the sentence is grammatically independent and is expressed by the forms of the verb, noun, and adverb. The grammatical and lexical meaning of the main member is such that the presence of the second main member is excluded.
The type of a one-part sentence is determined by the value of the main member. All one-part sentences are divided into two types: verbal and nominal. The verbs include definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal sentences. The nominal type is represented by denominative sentences.

IN definitely personal offers the main member indicates that the action belongs to a certain person - the speaker or the listener. Only verbs of 1 or 2 persons have such a meaning in Russian: Go hunting. Give, Jim, for good luck paw to me.

IN indefinite personal sentences the main member has the value of an indefinite person: Unpainted floors are washed with grit here. The value of an indefinite person allows you to correlate the action with a single person, and with a large group of people. The meaning of the verb form is, as it were, generally abstracted from the concretization of the carrier of the action. Such a meaning in Russian is capable of receiving verbs in the form of the 3rd person plural, verbs in the plural form of the past tense and the subjunctive mood.

Generalized personal sentences have a head member whose value represents the action as referring to all persons without exception. Such meanings are widely represented in sentences-proverbs, sentences-aphorisms: You can't even pull a fish out of the pond without difficulty.. Generalized personal meaning is expressed in Russian by verbs of the 2nd person singular of the present tense and the imperative mood, as well as by verbs of the 3rd person of the plural of the indicative mood: They don’t go to a foreign monastery with their charter.
The expression of this type of meaning with the help of the verb form of the 2nd person leads to the fact that the speaker, among all the persons to whom he refers the action, involuntarily singles out himself and his interlocutor. Therefore, conventionally, the value of a generalized personal type can be represented as "I + you + all others".
It is no coincidence that sentences of this type are not used in a scientific and official business style.

impersonal offer has a main member that expresses an action or state regardless of the person: The streets are clean; The bus tossed up more and more often; It's already getting dark.
Impersonal meaning in Russian can be expressed by impersonal verbs, personal verbs in impersonal meaning, adverbs. Some of these adverbs can only be used as the main member of an impersonal sentence: it is possible, it is necessary, it is a pity, it is time and etc.

Nominative sentences speak of the existence, being of an object.
The main member of nominal sentences is expressed by a noun in the nominative case:

Night. Street, flashlight, pharmacy, meaningless and dim light.

Nominative sentences may include indicative particles:

Here is the house Petrovs.

Of the minor members of the sentence in denominative sentences, one can most often find agreed and inconsistent definitions.

Goals:

repetition and systematization of knowledge about one-part and incomplete sentences;

observation and conclusions about the role of these sentences in the text;

consolidation of knowledge about the syntactic means of expressiveness of speech,

improving text analysis skills.

Equipment: interactive board; multimedia projector; a computer for each student; presentation, tests; cards for self-study.

(Note: the presentation is prepared in Power Point and then imported into the whiteboard's memory; texts that will need to be manipulated in the lesson are entered directly into the whiteboard's memory).

During the classes

1. Reporting the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Slides No. 1 and No. 2. Theme and objectives of the lesson.

Today in the lesson we will repeat and consolidate knowledge on the topic "One-piece sentences. Incomplete sentences", observe the role of these sentences in the text, consolidate knowledge of the means of expressiveness of speech, and also improve text analysis skills.

(Recording the topic of the lesson in notebooks).

2. Theoretical warm-up.

Slide number 3. Terminological crossword puzzle.

Let's repeat the material of the previous lesson. Theoretical warm-up by solving a crossword puzzle, in the center of which is the key word of the topic of the lesson.

1. Single ending lines, stanzas. 2. Arrangement of words in order of strengthening or weakening of a sign.3. A combination of incompatible, contradictory concepts.4. Unity of lines, stanzas.5. Intentional omission of unions.6. The repetition of any segment of speech at the beginning of the corresponding segment of speech following it.7. Intentional omission of any member of the sentence.8. Repeating words or sentences to draw attention to them.9. The division of sentences into several semantic phrases.10. Changing the normal order of words in a sentence.11. Sharp opposition of concepts, images.12. Stylistic _______ speeches.13. Deliberately redundant repetition of alliances.

( Answers. 1. Epiphora. 2. Gradation. 3. Oxymoron. 4. Anaphora. 5. Non-union. 6. Pickup. 7. Ellipsis. 8. Repeat. 9. Parceling. 10. Inversion. 11. Antithesis. 12. Shapes. 13. Polyunion.)

3. Communication of information from the history of the issue of one-component sentences.

(Individual report of a trained student. The speech is accompanied by a demonstration of portraits of scientists on slides).

Slide number 4 - portraits of Buslaev and Vostokov.

Slide number 5 - portraits of A. A. Potebnya and A. A. Shakhmatov.

In the history of Russian linguistics, the question of the essence of a one-part sentence was solved in different ways.

So, linguists Fyodor Ivanovich Buslaev and Alexander Khristoforovich Vostokov considered one-part sentences as incomplete, because they believed that a sentence as a syntactic unit should only be two-membered, that is, with two main members.

Some scientists, for example, Alexander Afanasyevich Potebnya, considered a sentence without a predicate unthinkable, therefore sentences with the main member - a noun in the nominative case (nominative) were classified as incomplete.

A great contribution to the study of syntax, in particular one-part sentences, was made by the great Russian linguist Aleksey Aleksandrovich Shakhmatov. In his book "The Syntax of the Russian Language", according to V.V. Vinogradov, "for the first time, a colossal material was collected that characterizes the amazing variety of syntactic constructions of the modern Russian language."

A. A. Shakhmatov was the first in the history of our science to single out the types of one-component sentences and describe the features of their structure. Many syntactic ideas of A. A. Shakhmatov still have not lost their relevance.

At present, the selection of one-component sentences into a separate structural type of a simple sentence is not in doubt. However, on the issue of dividing them into groups, as well as limiting their types (for example, nominative ones), unity of views has not yet been achieved.

4. Repetition of the types of one-part sentences.

We are studying the classification of one-component sentences, which is recognized at the present stage. What sentences are called one-part sentences?

What groups are they divided into?

Slide number 6. Scheme of dividing into groups of one-part sentences.

Tell the table on the slide about each of the types of one-part sentences, using the theoretical information from the textbook by O. V. Zagorovskaya, according to the plan: meaning, way of expressing the main member, example.

Slides number 7 - 8.

What is the peculiarity of generalized-personal sentences?

Can one-part sentences be common?

5. Work on the interactive whiteboard. An exercise in determining the types of one-part sentences.

What is needed in order to quickly and correctly determine the species

single sentences?

(To be able to quickly find the grammatical basis and determine the way it is expressed)

slide number 9

In these sentences, underline the predicates and write the way of expression next to them. Determine the type of offers.

They don't fish here.______________________

I hasten to help you.___________________

Freezes.__________________________

There are no bridges on this river.___________________

It's time to sleep._______________________________

It is windy and damp outside.__________________

Make a duty schedule.______________

slide number 10

(Each sentence on the slide between the first and second tasks is entered directly into the memory of the interactive whiteboard as a separate text):

It was cold outside.

Broken lines, sharp corners.

Many songs are about love.

A lot of good things have been said about him.

See you soon.

The air smells like thunder.

Do not be this!

All around was quiet and calm.

You will be punished for being late.

Dear friend, remember me.

What goes around comes around.

Many people don't have computers yet.

1st task:

Find two-part sentences and take them out of the list of sentences off the board (by dragging and dropping).

2nd task:

Transfer the remaining single-component ones to the table in accordance with the way the predicate is expressed, determine the type of sentence.

What offer is left out of the table? Why?(Nominative - main member - subject).

6. Working with ex. 22 in the textbook by O. V. Zagorovskaya (Part 2) - p. 43.

Reading sentences and identifying their types.

7. Observations on the role of one-part sentences in speech.

Where are monosyllabic sentences most often used in speech?

(In fiction and journalistic literature, as well as in oral colloquial speech).

- The material of the next slides will take us to the topic that is studied in literature lessons - the poetry of the Silver Age.

(The texts on slides No. 11 and 12 are also entered into the memory of the board, each sentence separately)

Slides number 11 and 12. Portraits of poets and poetic texts.

Find one-part sentences, highlight them with a different color, determine the type. What is their role in this text?

Evening. Seaside. Sighs of the wind.
The majestic cry of the waves.
Storm is near. Beats on the shore
Alien to charms black boat.
K. Balmont.

(Nominative sentences allow you to give a lot of information in a concise form. The author literally in a few words tells about the place, time of action and the state of the weather. Nominal sentences create a special expressiveness of the text: romance, mystery, tension).

I anticipate you. Years pass by
All in the guise of one I foresee You.
The whole horizon is on fire - and unbearably clear,
And silently I wait, yearning and loving.
A. Blok.

(Definitely personal sentences. The subject is not named, but it is thought definitely. The subject is superfluous here. And without it, it is clear that the speaker is reporting about himself, about his internal state.)

Do not wander, do not crush in the crimson bushes
Swans and do not look for a trace.
With a sheaf of your oatmeal hair
You touched me forever.
S. Yesenin.

(Impersonal sentences can express the state of nature or a person. In this case, they convey a special state of the lyrical hero, his inability to withstand life circumstances. Verbs in an indefinite form show generalization, and with repeated negation, not - the irrevocable action).

I'm being blamed for something.
And in some ways they agree with me:
So the confession pours silent
Conversations of the most blessed one.
A. Akhmatova.

(Indefinitely personal sentences do not indicate the doer, but we understand everything. The main thing is not the doer, but the action itself, contained in the verbs of 3l. plural. In these sentences, the emphasis is on the action).

8. Game "Auction of poetic lines".

What poetic lines can you remember that contain one-part sentences? (Whoever calls last wins.)

9. Repetition about incomplete sentences.

slide number 13.

What sentences are called incomplete?

In what cases are they used?

a) in dialogues

b) in the second part of a complex sentence ).

What is new about incomplete sentences in Zagorovskaya's textbook?

( The concept of elliptical sentences ).

10. An exercise in recognizing incomplete sentences.

Slide number 14.

Can one-part sentences be incomplete? (Yes ).

Are the following sentences incomplete?

1. Early morning. 2. Dawn. 3. I learn the latest news on the radio. 4. Newspapers are brought to us during the day.(All complete, one-part).

Determine what these offers are:

- Were you informed of my arrival?(Full, one-sided)

- Reported.(Incomplete, one-sided)

- Will it finally get warmer soon?(Full, one-sided)

- Soon.(Incomplete, one-sided)

11. Working with ex. 23 (Ch. 2) - p. 45

(Only the numbers of sentences are written on the prepared cards in accordance with the task in the textbook.)Annex 2

Answers:

Full two-part: 1; 2; 5(1st hour); 7(1st hour).

Full one-part: 3 (1st part); 4; 6.

Incomplete, understandable only in the context: 3 (2nd part); 5 (2nd hour); 7(2nd hour).

Elliptical: 8.)

12. Working with text.

Slide number 15.

Read the text:

1). It was the end of November. 2). We had to sail all the way to Gibraltar in a storm with sleet. 3) But they sailed quite safely. 4). There were many passengers, the ship looked like a huge hotel with all the amenities. 5). Life on it proceeded measuredly. 6). We got up at that early hour, when it was dawning so slowly and unfriendly over the gray-green water desert, which was heavily agitated in the fog. 7). Throwing on flannel pajamas, they drank coffee, chocolate, and then sat in the baths, did gymnastics, stimulating appetite and feeling good. 8). Until eleven o'clock it was necessary to walk briskly along the decks, breathing the cold freshness of the ocean. 9). At eleven - to be supported by sandwiches with broth. 10). Having refreshed ourselves, we read the newspaper with pleasure and calmly waited for the second breakfast, which was more varied than the first. 11. The next two hours were devoted to rest.

I. Bunin.

What piece is the excerpt from?("The gentleman from San Francisco").

Of course, everyone learned, since they recently studied literature at a lesson. Name one-part sentences, their type.(Underline each type in a different color).

What types of one-part sentences prevail in the text?

What is the role of one-part sentences in this text?

( They are a vivid syntactic means of expression, helping the author to convey to the reader the main ideological meaning of the work. There are many vaguely personal and impersonal sentences in the text that do not imply the image of the figure. The importance of the action itself is emphasized here.

These proposals emphasize the impersonality, lack of individuality of those who consider themselves masters of life. Everything they do is unnatural: entertainment needed only to stimulate appetite artificially. The use of these sentences allowed the author, without naming specific figures, to show a generalized picture of life without spirituality in the world of capitalism. These are the nameless "cream" of society. Recall that the San Francisco Mr. himself has no name.)

What role does this episode play in the story "The Gentleman from San Francisco"?

(Helps to reveal the idea of ​​the work, the author's position)

- What is the idea behind this episode?

(Lack of spirituality of representatives of capitalist society, pretense, falsehood).

By what means of artistic expression is the author's position represented?

Metaphors and epithets : storm with sleet, unfriendly light, gray-green water desert, cold freshness of the ocean.

Symbols: the hotel-like steamer is associated with the Titanic.

A large number of verbs in past tense makes the action relevant and believable.

Syntax parallelism: the same structure (3,6,7,10 sentences) and (8, 9) sentences.

Ellipsis: the intentional omission of the predicate in the 9th sentence makes it possible to emphasize the author's assessment: a negative attitude towards the fact that it was "supposed" to walk and "supposed" to be reinforced.

Antithesis: luxurious steamer and landscape, rest and early rising, the obligation of action.

Oxymoronic language: it was unfriendly light, they read the newspaper with pleasure.

What is the style of speech? Prove it.

14. Conclusion.

What is the role in this text of all the above means of language, style, type of speech?

(The narrative makes it possible to visually convey the actions performed by vacationers on the ship, the elements of the description help to really imagine the ship, landscape, etc. And the artistic style involves the use of many means of linguistic expression, which helps to recreate a complete picture of what is happening on the ship, to reveal the ideological content and the author's positions). appendix 3 .

INDECOMPOSIBLE PROPOSITIONS

Indecomposable sentences are a special structural type of a simple sentence, which is characterized by syntactic incompatibility. They consist of one word (they are also called "word-utterances").

Structurally indecomposable sentences expressed by particles, modal words and interjections are called indecomposable. The specificity of these proposals is that they do not include either main or secondary members of the proposal. their structural basis is formed by words devoid of nominative meaning: particles, modal words and interjections. Sentence words express the assertion or denial of the facts that the interlocutor is talking about. (So. No. Okay) motives and appeals (Down with! Stop!), assessment of facts or phenomena (Wow!).

According to the meaning of the words-sentences are divided into several groups:

1. Affirmative sentence words serve to express approval of the expressed thought:

Black. You don't know where he is, but you write letters?

Alenka. So,(T. Kolomiets).

Are you from the village? Yeah ... (Ostap Cherry).

2. Negative sentence words express disagreement with the opinion expressed:

-Did you know? - No!(G. Staritsky).

3. Incentive words-sentences are used to express the motivation to perform an action or transition to any state:

Is he the same? God knows what you're thinking! It's embarrassing to listen to. - Tsits- But! - someone interrupted(A. Svidnitsky). - Away! Away! Chose my children! Left the woman hungry(V. Samchuk).

4. Interrogative sentence words serve to encourage the interlocutor to explain his thought and clarify it. They are predominantly expressed in affirmative or motivating words:

- They were healthy, grandfather! - Ha? - asks grandfather Timofey(Ostap Cherry).

5. Emotionally evaluative words - sentences serve to express emotions (admiration, indignation, fear): - Oh! And beauty! - exclaimed the hunter (Ostap Cherry).

6. Sentence words expressing greeting, request, gratitude, apology: -Good evening, Uncle Martin! And God help! .. - they shout from a distance to Martin (V. Samchuk).

Indecomposable sentences do not include any member of the sentence. Taken separately, they do not express anything.

So, the following cannot be classified as indecomposable: a) one-word sentences that have in their composition any member expressed by a multi-valued part of speech: - And what about Dmitry? Bad (K. Motrich); b) sentences in which full-meaning words are used after particles, and particles are used to provide an opinion of the appropriate shade: - What happened, can you finally say? - That is OK. Go to sleep(Kol. Motrich).

INCOMPLETE TWO-PART AND SINGLE-PART SENTENCES

Incomplete are called simple sentences in which one or more members necessary for the grammatical structure of the sentence are missing, which is easily established from the context or situation. For example: The saber hurts the head, and the word hurts the soul(N. tv.). The highlighted sentence is incomplete, the predicate is missing (it hurts).

Only those members can be considered missing, the absence of which predetermines the semantic or structural incompleteness of the sentence: Alone in love with old letters. Those - to the music * And those - to red volumes. Such a life... (B. Oleinik). The second and third sentences are perceived without the first as meaningless, the predicate is missing in them. Incomplete sentences are used both in oral and written form of the literary language to give the statement stylistic harmony, natural sound and logical economy.

According to structural and semantic features, among incomplete sentences, the following varieties are distinguished: a) sentences are structurally and semantically incomplete; b) the sentences are structurally incomplete, but semantically complete.

The main group of incomplete constructions consists of sentences that are structurally and semantically incomplete, they are divided into contextual and situational.

Incomplete sentences are called contextual, the omitted member of which helps to establish the adjacent text: Merges into the Dnieper Sula, people's lives - in history(A. Yushchenko); It was a bitter winter. Still such a cold and snowy people did not know(Panas Mirny).

Incomplete sentences are called situational, the missing member of which helps to establish the situation: The partisan intelligence officer met the Nazis. - To the village? - they ask (Yu. Zbanatsky).

2. Structurally incomplete, but semantically complete, elliptic sentences are called. In these sentences, there is an omitted predicate that is not established from the context or situation. We get an idea about this predicate from our own content and structure of these sentences, or rather, from semantics. Forms of dependent obligatory secondary members of the application or circumstances: And he himself - a backpack on his shoulders, a stick in his hands - from village to village (A. Golovko).

So, elliptic sentences are structurally incomplete. Semantically, they are complete, because in the absence of a lexically expressed predicate, the semantic load falls on the semantically and structurally obligatory, secondary members of the sentence - circumstances and additions that depend on the "zero predicate" 19 .

Elliptical sentences are used to make speech expressive, emotional, expressive both in oral and written forms of the literary language. They are used as appeals, slogans: All for the election!

Both two-part and one-part sentences can be incomplete. Therefore, one-component full sentences, in which there is never a subject (impersonal, generalized-personal, indefinitely-personal, marked-personal, infinitive), should not be confused with incomplete two-part sentences in which the subject is omitted; one-part full sentences in which there is never a predicate (nominative), with two-part sentences in which the predicate is omitted.

The omitted subject or predicate in two-part sentences is established from the context, situation, or existing secondary members, and in one-part sentences, the presence of one main member of the sentence is their essential structural feature.