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Frederic Francois Chopin
Born March 1, 1810, the village of Zhelyazova-Wola, near Warsaw - October 17, 1849, Paris) - Polish composer and virtuoso pianist, teacher.
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Author of numerous works for piano. The largest representative of Polish musical art. He interpreted many genres in a new way: he revived the prelude on a romantic basis, created a piano ballad, poeticized and dramatized dances - mazurka, polonaise, waltz; turned the scherzo into an independent work.
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Youth
After graduating from college and completing seven years of studies with Zhivny, Chopin began his theoretical studies with the composer Josef Elsner.
The patronage of Prince Anton Radziwill and the princes Chetvertinsky introduced Chopin into high society, which was impressed by Chopin's charming appearance and refined manners.
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Artistic activity
Since 1829, Chopin's artistic activity began. He performs in Vienna, Krakow, performing his works.
Chopin gave his first concert in Paris at the age of 22. The success was complete. Chopin rarely performed in concerts, but in the salons of the Polish colony and the French aristocracy, Chopin's fame grew extremely rapidly.
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Creation
Never - neither before nor after Chopin - in his homeland, Poland, was a musical genius of such a level born. His work is almost entirely pianistic. Although Chopin's rare gift as a composer might have made him a remarkable symphonist, his delicate, reserved nature was content with the limits of the chamber genre - except, of course, for his two wonderful piano concertos.
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Memory
Chopin is one of the main composers in the repertoire of many pianists. Recordings of his works appear in the catalogs of major record companies. Since 1927, the International Chopin Piano Competition has been held in Warsaw. Among the winners of the competition is the famous Polish pianist H. Sztompka, who was an admirer of creativity. A crater on Mercury was named in honor of Chopin.
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FREDERIK CHOPIN The era of romanticism
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Fryderyk Chopin Chopin is the founder of Polish classical music. This is a romantic composer, but a special romantic. All his work is connected with Poland, its folklore, history.
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Chopin's life is, as it were, divided into 2 parts. For the first 20 years he lived in Poland (until 1831), and then he was forced to leave Poland forever. For the rest of his life, Chopin lived in Paris, yearning for his homeland.
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Early work The highest achievement of this period is 2 piano concertos. In 1828, Chopin went on a concert trip abroad for the first time. Was in Berlin, Vienna, Prague and Dresden.
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In 1830, he and his friends planned a new concert tour. In the autumn he went to Vienna and then to Paris. At this time, an uprising was brewing in Prague, which Chopin ardently supported. On the way to Paris - in the city of Stuttgart, he learned about the defeat of the uprising. This shocked him. He rushed to his homeland, but his friends held him back. After that, Chopin's work changed. There was a drama never seen before.
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30-40 years The main period of creativity. Paris in the 1930s and 1940s became the cultural center of Europe. All celebrities flocked there: Balzac, Stendhal, Hugo, Merimee, Musset, Delacroix (the artist who painted the only portrait of Chopin), Heine, Mickiewicz, Liszt, Rossini, Donizetti, Bellini and others. There were famous opera singers: Pasta, Malibran, Viardot, as well as there were: Berlioz, Ober, Halevi
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Virtuoso performers performed in Paris: Kalkbrenner, Thalberg, as well as Paganini. In Paris, Chopin became close to the Poles. Joined the Polish Literary Society. First of all, Chopin conquered Paris as a pianist. He had the finest sound. Chopin was very weak, so his F was perceived as i. He conveyed the subtlety of color very well. He had an amazing rubato. In the future, Chopin performed little in concerts. He played mostly for his Polish friends
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1838-1847 The heyday of creativity. George Sand introduced Chopin to the best people in Paris. In 1838 Chopin and George Sand went to the island of Mallorca. The romantic atmosphere inspired him for the 2nd ballad, the polonaises and the 3rd scherzo.
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Since the mid 40s. new trends appeared in his work: calm contemplation, light harmony. The musical language is more complex. More polyphonic techniques appear. Layered melodies. Harmony chromatized. From here begins the path to musical impressionism (Debussy and others). This is embodied in his "Lullaby". In 1848 Chopin went on tour to London. There he gave lessons, performed a little in the salons. The last time he performed was at a Polish ball.
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Mazurkas For Chopin, mazurkas are a symbol of the Motherland. These are small piano miniatures, in which Chopin came into closest contact with Polish folklore, with the sound of a folk ensemble. His mazurkas can be divided into rustic (No. 3, E-dur), ballroom or Schlisseck (No. 5) and lyrical mazurkas.
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Polonaises In polonaises, Chopin recreates the heroic spirit of Poland's past. Much more virtuosity, large chordal technique, coverage of extreme registers, often the piano sounds like an orchestra. The polonaises are full of bright contrasts. They also have pictorial moments reminiscent of battle scenes. Almost all polonaises are written in complex 3-part forms.
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Preludes The genre attracted Chopin with its improvisation, the possibility of direct expression. In Chopin's preludes one can find not only signs of different genres, but also a combination of different genres. They, like Bach's preludes and fugues, are, as it were, an encyclopedia of genres of that time. Each prelude is written in its own key. They are arranged in a quarto-quint circle.
Chopin is the founder of Polish musical classics. This is a romantic composer, but a special romantic. All his work is connected with Poland, its folklore, history. His life was tragic. It (life) is, as it were, divided into 2 parts. For the first 20 years he lived in Poland (until 1831), and then he was forced to leave Poland forever. For the rest of his life, Chopin lived in Paris, yearning for his homeland. There are 2 features of his work: 1) The motherland acquired for him the meaning of an unattainable romantic ideal, a dream for which he languished all his life. Chopin is a lyric composer. 2) Romantic impulses, languor in his music are always combined with clear logic, perfection of form. Chopin always rejected wildness, deliberateness and exaggeration. He couldn't stand stunning effects. Liszt said: Chopin cannot bear excesses and unbridledness. Chopin loved Bach and Mozart. Chopin's music is distinguished by artistry, spirituality, subtlety. He didn't like Beethoven.
Chopin was born near Warsaw in Zhelyazova Wola in a very cultured family. Father - a former army officer Kosciuszko. My father worked at the Warsaw Lyceum. Mother was very musical. Chopin showed an early liking for the piano. He gave his first concert at the age of 8. 1st piano teacher - Vojtech Zhivny. He instilled the boy's love for the classics. At the age of 13, he entered his father's lyceum. Studied Polish literature, aesthetics, history. During his lyceum years, Chopin wrote poetry, plays, and drew well (especially caricatures). He had congenital tuberculosis. Musical life in Warsaw was quite intense and lively. Operas by Polish composers were staged, as well as Rossini, Mozart and others. Chopin heard Paganini, Hummel (pianist). Hummel was an influence on the early piano style. There were various musical circles in Warsaw. Chopin performed in them.
gg. Studying at the Main School of Music (Conservatory). He studied composition with Elsner. Chopin began composing early (even before the conservatory). He wrote polonaises and waltzes.
Early work 1st group of works: The main works are concert, virtuoso and somewhat complex, lush, for piano and orchestra. 2nd group: miniatures - waltzes, mazurkas, polonaises. The highest achievement of this period is 2 piano concertos. In 1828, Chopin went on a concert trip abroad for the first time. Was in Berlin, Vienna, Prague and Dresden. In 1830, he and his friends planned a new concert tour. In the autumn he went to Vienna and then to Paris. At this time, an uprising was brewing in Prague, which Chopin ardently supported. On the way to Paris - in the city of Stuttgart, he learned about the defeat of the uprising. This shocked him. He rushed to his homeland, but his friends held him back. After that, Chopin's work changed. There was a drama never seen before. He wrote a stormy etude - c-moll, which he called Revolutionary (this etude was written in the same place - in Stuttgart). The impression of the defeat of the uprising was then expressed in other works (1st ballad, preludes a-moll and d-moll).
30-40 years The main period of creativity. Paris in years became the cultural center of Europe. All celebrities flocked there: Balzac, Stendhal, Hugo, Merimee, Musset, Delacroix (the artist who painted the only portrait of Chopin), Heine, Mickiewicz, Liszt, Rossini, Donizetti, Bellini and others. There were famous opera singers: Pasta, Malibran, Viardot, as well as there were: Berlioz, Ober, Halevi. Virtuoso pianists performed in Paris: Kalkbrenner, Thalberg, as well as Paganini. In Paris, Chopin became close to the Poles. Joined the Polish Literary Society. First of all, Chopin conquered Paris as a pianist. He had the finest sound. Chopin was very weak, so his F was perceived as i. He conveyed the subtlety of color very well. He had an amazing rubato. In the future, Chopin performed little in concerts. He played mostly for his Polish friends.
gg. Years of romance with the Polish Maria Wodzińska. Her parents didn't let them get married. After Chopin's death, a bundle of letters with Maria was found.
gg. Years of living together with the writer George Sand (pseudonym). She wore men's suits, smoked a pipe, was similar in character and mentality to a man. They didn't get married. George Sand had 2 children (not by Chopin). The dawn of creativity. George Sand introduced Chopin to the best people in Paris. In winter, Chopin gave private lessons, and in summer he lived on the money he earned and was engaged in creativity. In 1838 Chopin and George Sand went to the island of Mallorca. There was a romantic atmosphere that inspired him for the 2nd ballad, the polonaises and the 3rd scherzo.
Until 1838, Chopin wrote almost exclusively miniatures: mazurkas, etudes, polonaises, waltzes, nocturnes. Large form in the period before 1838 - 1st ballad, 1st and 2nd scherzo. After 38, Chopin showed a desire for dramatic and major genres: 2, 3 and 4 ballads, b-moll and h-moll sonatas, f-moll fantasy, fantasy polonaise, 3 and 4 scherzos. Even miniatures become dramatic and large (c-moll nocturne, As-dur polonaise). In 1847 - a break with George Sand. The rest of the years - the gradual extinction of creativity. In 1848 Chopin went on tour to London. There he gave lessons, performed a little in the salons. The last time he performed was at a Polish ball. Chopin died of tuberculosis in the arms of his sister. Mozart's requiem was performed at the funeral. According to Chopin's will, his heart was moved to Warsaw. Since the mid 40s. new trends appeared in his work: calm contemplation, light harmony. The musical language is more complex. More polyphonic techniques appear. Layered melodies. Harmony is achromatized. From here begins the path to musical impressionism (Debussy and others). This is embodied in his Lullaby.
Mazurkas For Chopin, mazurkas are a symbol of the Motherland. His last works are mazurkas. The significance of this genre is comparable in value to the song by Schubert. These are small piano miniatures, in which Chopin came into closest contact with Polish folklore, with the sound of a folk ensemble. He expressed in mazurkas the characteristic features of its varieties: Mazur, Oberek, Kujawiak. His mazurkas can be divided into rustic (3, E-dur), ballroom or Schlissetian (5) and lyrical mazurkas. Chopin called mazurkas images.
3 - E-dur. The bagpipe, violin and double bass are depicted. Village. 5 - B-dur. Effective, with big jumps. Middle part in b-moll. Reproduces the modes and intonations of the double harmonic mode. 6 - a-moll. Lyrical. 10 - B-dur. Ballroom. 13 - a-moll. A striking example of a lyrical mazurka. Singing harmony. 14 - g-moll. Lyrical. 15 - C-dur. Village. Depicts a folk ensemble. The 3rd theme uses the Lydian F-dur (with B back). Melody variation (like folk improvisation). 32 - cis-moll. From the mid-1930s, mazurkas became more complicated and dramatized. This mazurka is a prime example. The presentation in it is not like a mazurka. It is polyphonic. There is no dancing. 3-part form. At the end, a tragic, mournful climax. This is recitative. 34 - C-dur. Village. Lydian C major. 47-a-moll. Lyrical.
Polonaises Compared to mazurkas, this is a larger genre. In polonaises, Chopin recreates the heroic spirit of Poland's past. Much more virtuosity, large chord technique, coverage of extreme registers, often the piano sounds like an orchestra. The polonaises are full of bright contrasts. They also have pictorial moments reminiscent of battle scenes. Almost all polonaises are written in complex 3-part forms.
A-dur. Complicated 3-part form. The middle part is similar to the sound of brass instruments in an orchestra. C-mol. Dark tragic character. mourning tone. Complicated 3-part form. Fis-moll. Composite form. It is based on a complex 3-part form with an introduction. In this polonaise there is a battle episode (section 2) with horse races - A-dur. A mazurka sounds in the middle (Chopin often has a mazurka in the middle of different genres). Later, polonaises become like ballads and symphonic poems.
Shanova Anastasia is a 7th grade student.
I would like to bring to your attention one of the works of my student Shanova Anastasia, the text of a musical presentation on the topic “The Life and Creative Way of the Polish Composer Frederic Chopin”.
the main objective: the formation of musical culture as part of the hormonal development of the child's personality;
Target:mastering music and knowledge about music, its intonational and figurative nature, genre and style diversity, features of the musical language, musical folklore, classical heritage and contemporary work of domestic and foreign composers, about the impact of music on a person, about its relationship with other types of art and life .
Upbringing:sustainable interest in the music and musical art of their people and other peoples of the world; the need for independent communication with highly artistic music and musical self-education; listening and performing culture of students.
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Frederic Chopin
The composer's father, Nicolas Chopin (1771-1844), in 1806 married a distant relative of the Skarbkovs, Justyna Kzhizhanovska (1782-1861). According to the surviving testimonies, the composer's mother received a good education, spoke French, was extremely musical, played the piano well, and had a beautiful voice. Frederick owes his first musical impressions to his mother, the love of folk melodies instilled from infancy. In the autumn of 1810, some time after the birth of his son, Nicolas Chopin moved to Warsaw. In the Warsaw Lyceum, thanks to the patronage of the Skarbkovs, for whom he was tutor, he received a place after the death of the teacher, Pan Mae. Chopin was a teacher of French and German languages and French literature, he kept a boarding school for pupils of the lyceum. Family
Family estate
Childhood Already in childhood, Chopin showed extraordinary musical abilities. He was surrounded by special attention and care. Like Mozart, he impressed those around him with his musical “obsession”, inexhaustible imagination in improvisations, and innate pianism. His susceptibility and musical impressionability manifested themselves violently and unusually. He could cry while listening to music, jump up at night to pick up a memorable melody or chord on the piano. In its January issue for 1818, one of the Warsaw newspapers placed a few lines about the first musical play composed by a composer who was still in elementary school. “The author of this Polonaise,” the newspaper wrote, “is a student who is not yet 8 years old. This is a real genius of music, with the greatest ease and exceptional taste. Performing the most difficult piano pieces and composing dances and variations that delight connoisseurs and connoisseurs
Youth After graduating from college and completing seven years of studies with Zhivny, Chopin began his theoretical studies with the composer Josef Elsner. The patronage of Prince Anton Radziwill and the princes Chetvertinsky introduced Chopin into high society, which was impressed by Chopin's charming appearance and refined manners. Here is what Franz Liszt said about this: “The general impression of his personality was quite calm, harmonious and, it seemed, did not require additions in any comments. Chopin's blue eyes shone more with intelligence than they were veiled with thoughtfulness; his soft and thin smile never turned bitter or sarcastic. The subtlety and transparency of the color of his face tempted everyone; he had curly blond hair, a slightly rounded nose; he was of small stature, frail, thin build. His manners were refined, varied; the voice is a little tired, often muffled. His manners were full of such decency, they had such a stamp of blood aristocracy that he was involuntarily met and received like a prince ... to no interests. Chopin was usually cheerful; his sharp mind quickly found the funny even in such manifestations that not everyone catches the eye. Trips to Berlin, Dresden, Prague, where he attended concerts of outstanding musicians, contributed to his development.
Chopin House Museum in Warsaw
Since 1829, Chopin's artistic activity began. He performs in Vienna, Krakow, performing his works. Returning to Warsaw, he leaves it forever on November 5, 1830. This separation from his homeland was the cause of his constant hidden grief - longing for his homeland. To this was added, at the end of the thirties, love for George Sand, which gave him more grief than happiness in addition to parting with his bride. Having passed Dresden, Vienna, Munich, he arrived in Paris in 1831. On the way, Chopin wrote a diary (the so-called "Stuttgart Diary"), reflecting his state of mind during his stay in Stuttgart, where he was seized by despair due to the collapse of the Polish Uprising. During this period, Chopin wrote his famous "Revolutionary Etude". Chopin gave his first concert in Paris at the age of 22. The success was complete. Chopin rarely performed in concerts, but in the salons of the Polish colony and the French aristocracy, Chopin's fame grew extremely rapidly. There were composers who did not recognize his talent, such as Kalkbrenner and John Field. In 1837, Chopin felt the first attack of lung disease (according to the latest data - cystic fibrosis).
Author of numerous works for piano. The largest representative of Polish musical art. He interpreted many genres in a new way: he revived the prelude on a romantic basis, created a piano ballad, poeticized and dramatized dances - mazurka, polonaise, waltz; turned the scherzo into an independent work. Enriched harmony and piano texture; combined classic form with melodic richness and fantasy. Chopin's compositions include 2 concertos (1829, 1830), 3 sonatas (1828-1844), fantasy (1841), 4 ballads (1835-1842), 4 scherzos (1832-1842), impromptu, nocturnes, etudes, waltzes, mazurkas, polonaises, preludes and other works for pianoforte; songs. In his piano performance, the depth and sincerity of feelings were combined with elegance and technical perfection. In polonaises, ballads, Chopin talks about his country, Poland, about the beauties of its landscapes and the tragic past. In these works, he uses the best features of the folk epic. At the same time, Chopin is exceptionally original. His music is distinguished by bold pictorialism and nowhere suffers from whimsicality. After Beethoven, classicism gave way to romanticism, and Chopin became one of the main representatives of this trend in music. If somewhere in his work there is a reflection, then, probably, in the sonatas, which does not prevent them from being high examples of the genre. Often Chopin reaches the heights of tragedy, as, for example, in the funeral march in the sonata op. 35, or appears as a wonderful lyricist, as, for example, in Larghetto from the second piano concerto.
Chopin's heart
Thank you for your attention!
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The presentation on the topic "Frederic Chopin" can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Subject of the project: MHK. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you keep your classmates or audience interested. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the appropriate text under the player. The presentation contains 7 slide(s).
Presentation slides
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Frederic Francois Chopin
Born March 1, 1810, the village of Zhelyazova-Wola, near Warsaw - October 17, 1849, Paris) - Polish composer and virtuoso pianist, teacher.
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Author of numerous works for piano. The largest representative of Polish musical art. He interpreted many genres in a new way: he revived the prelude on a romantic basis, created a piano ballad, poeticized and dramatized dances - mazurka, polonaise, waltz; turned the scherzo into an independent work.
slide 4
After graduating from college and completing seven years of studies with Zhivny, Chopin began his theoretical studies with the composer Josef Elsner. The patronage of Prince Anton Radziwill and the princes Chetvertinsky introduced Chopin into high society, which was impressed by Chopin's charming appearance and refined manners.
slide 5
Artistic activity
Since 1829, Chopin's artistic activity began. He performs in Vienna, Krakow, performing his works. Chopin gave his first concert in Paris at the age of 22. The success was complete. Chopin rarely performed in concerts, but in the salons of the Polish colony and the French aristocracy, Chopin's fame grew extremely rapidly.
slide 6
Creation
Never - neither before nor after Chopin - in his homeland, Poland, was a musical genius of such a level born. His work is almost entirely pianistic. Although Chopin's rare gift as a composer might have made him a remarkable symphonist, his delicate, reserved nature was content with the limits of the chamber genre - except, of course, for his two wonderful piano concertos.
Slide 7
Chopin is one of the main composers in the repertoire of many pianists. Recordings of his works appear in the catalogs of major record companies. Since 1927, the International Chopin Piano Competition has been held in Warsaw. Among the winners of the competition is the famous Polish pianist H. Sztompka, who was an admirer of creativity. A crater on Mercury was named in honor of Chopin.
