There is a sacred month in the Muslim faith called Ramadan (which can also be called the month of Ramadan) - a time when you need to adhere to strict fasts and follow certain prohibitions. According to the Quran, Ramadan is one of the five pillars on which Islam and faith in Allah rest. Muslims live according to the Islamic calendar, which is much shorter than the Gregorian.

The start and end dates of Ramadan are determined depending on the shift. Ramadan corresponds to the ninth lunar month. The Muslim holy month does not have exact dates and every year its beginning moves by about 10 days. Muslim Ramadan in 2017 will start closer to the summer and will last almost a whole month. Faithful Muslims will be able to fully give glory to Allah and show their humility from May 27 to June 25.

Origin

The history of the appearance of the holiday is beautiful and mysterious. It says that on the holy day the prophet Muhammad was revealed "frank words" indicating the mission of the prophet. At the same time, Allah gave the Muslims the Koran.

Tradition tells us that on the day of the beginning of Ramadan, Allah fulfills all the petitions of the believers. On the first day of the holy month, the Islamic God is open in order to decide the fate of people in the most prosperous way.

The term "Ramadan" was first mentioned in 610. Ramadan literally means "sultry", "hot". This is a mandatory post, which strictly prohibits smoking, drinking (water and, especially, alcohol) and even eating during the daytime. It is especially difficult to comply with the ban on water in hot countries, when the daytime air temperature can rise to 50 degrees.

Muslims call the fast "mubarak", which translates as "blessed". It has long been believed that the value of any good deed performed during the holy month increases by a couple of hundred times. For example, a small pilgrimage (Muslims call it "Umrah") is equal in importance to a visit to Mecca (or, in Muslim terms, Hajj). Voluntary prayer at this time is also rewarded, as well as obligatory.

Ramadan received its special status as early as 622. Since then, every year, all faithful Muslims follow the fast in Ramadan, observe every covenant and rule. Every day they must say niyat - a special intention that sounds like this: "I am going to fast Ramadan in the name of Allah." Even at night, collective prayers can be held.

Strict fasting in Ramadan

The fast that accompanies Ramadan is called Uraza. Faithful Muslims strictly follow the rules and prohibitions of fasting the holy month of Ramadan. If we compare the fast of Uraz among Muslims and Great Lent among Christians, then the first seems almost impossible. However, this is a delusion, since Muslims gladly and fully renounce human goods and pleasures, they do not consider restriction in such things to be something supernatural.

Almost everyone adheres to strict rules and strict prohibitions, as they help believers learn tolerance and learn to understand the strength of their bodies.

The main foundations of fasting Uraza:

• Complete refusal of food and water during the daytime. The first meal must be made even before the first rays of the sun, and the last - after the sunset of the heavenly body. The first and second (last) meals are called suhoor and iftar, respectively. Suhoor must be completed half an hour before dawn, and iftar begins immediately after the evening prayer. The Quran says that the best food for iftar is water and dates. You can also skip suhoor and iftar. This is not a violation of strict Uraz. However, the observance of suhoor and iftar is encouraged with a spiritual reward.
• Strict denial of sex. This also applies to Muslim spouses. In addition to intimacy, caresses and other actions that favor arousal are also prohibited.
• Fasting prohibits smoking, drinking alcohol, and using drugs. It is important that during Uraz the faithful Muslims purify their body and soul, therefore the smell of cigarette smoke, narcotic and alcoholic poison should not enter the body of a true believer.
• It is strictly forbidden to lie and swear. In particular, it is forbidden to deceive someone and mention Allah at the same time.
• It is impossible to chew gum during the fasting period, induce vomiting in a physical way, put cleansing enemas. In other words, all actions that cleanse the body in an unnatural way are prohibited.
• It is also forbidden not to pronounce niyat.

The post is not violated:

• blood donation;
• injections;
• swallowing saliva;
• kisses;
• teeth cleaning;
• vomiting (involuntary);
• not performing prayers.

Who can not fast:

• children;
• pregnant or lactating women;
• sick people;
• aged people;
• travelers.

End of Ramadan

During Ramadan, it is customary to completely limit oneself in pleasures and entertainment. During the daytime, Muslims are supposed to work, pray, read the Koran. Doing good deeds is an unshakable tradition of the holiday.

The last ten days of Ramadan are much more important than the rest, since at this time a revelation from Allah descended on the Prophet Muhammad. Despite the fact that the exact date of this event is unknown, Muslims celebrate its anniversary at night from the 26th to the 27th day of the holy month. Muslims call this holiday Laylatul-Qadr, which literally translates as "the night of predestination." During this blessed time, believers pray hard, repent of their sins, and meditate on their own mistakes.

On the last day of Ramadan, the followers of Islam distribute alms, and perform Eid Namaz (solemn prayer) without fail. Here and there the words of greeting “Eid Mubarak!” are heard, which means “Blessed holiday!”. The fast of Ramadan ends on the holiday of Eid al-Fitr, which is one of the most important Islamic holidays.

Among all Muslim holidays, Bayram is one of the most important.

Its other name, common among believers, is Eid al-Fitr. It is celebrated for three whole days in a month, in Arabic it is called Shawwal, timed to coincide with the end of the fast of Ramadan. That is why it is also called Ramadan Bairam. We will talk more about this holiday below.

Establishment of a holiday

According to Islamic traditions, the holiday of Ramadan Bayram was established by the founder of Islam himself - the prophet Muhammad. It happened in 624. Since then, the ummah, that is, the worldwide community of believers, celebrates this day every year, as required by their religion.

The image of the celebration

In Christianity, during Easter, believers greet each other with the words "Christ is risen!". A similar exclamation on Ramadan Bairam among Muslims is the phrase in Arabic "Eid Mubarak!". It translates as follows: "Blessed holiday!". The days of celebration in most traditionally Muslim countries are considered holidays at the state level, which means that at this time almost everyone has days off and no one works. The day begins with a ritual bath. Then a visit to the mosque is obligatory, in which a public prayer is held with the reading of a special text - Eid-namaz. This is a special prayer in Arabic dedicated to this holiday, and therefore it is read only once a year.

Features of Eid Prayer

This ceremony begins at dawn and continues until lunchtime. At its core, it is a form of prayer. It is best to do it in a mosque together with other believers, but if circumstances prevent this, then prayer can be performed at home alone, but also no later than the lunch azan. In addition to prayer on this day, you need to give zakat - obligatory alms, which is one of the pillars of Islam. Moreover, this should be done before the holiday prayer begins. Ramadan Bayram should be celebrated by all Muslims, these days it is not supposed to mourn, and therefore alms-zakat are most often given to the poor so that they can buy new clothes and eat well.

What do they do on holidays

Like any celebration, Bayram is a holiday on which tables are laid and refreshments are put. Believers go to visit each other and invite them to their place to share a friendly meal. It is also very important to visit your parents and other relatives. If this cannot be done personally, then at least it is required to send a postcard, or somehow convey your congratulations. Ramadan Bayram also requires that all the sick, the lonely and the poor are not forgotten. Therefore, religion prescribes paying attention to such people and participating in their lives with a gift, a visit and a treat. Children, as a rule, also receive gifts from their parents and spend time in games and fun. Also, deceased relatives are not forgotten in Bayram. The holiday assumes that believers will visit the graves of their dead and perform funeral prayers for them. As for the enemies, the traditions of this day require a person to reconcile with everyone with whom he was in a quarrel, and make peace.

There is also a special tradition to pray on the night before the holiday. According to Islamic traditions, prayers offered at night on the eve of the Bayram holiday have a special power - the ear of Allah is especially attentive to them, and if a person pronounces them sincerely, then they are credited to a person. The only thing is that it is recommended not to abuse the vigils on the festive night, so as not to oversleep the most important prayer in the mosque in the morning.

The meaning of the holiday

In general, in Islam there are only two dates for Muslim holidays, the significance of which is so great. In addition to Bayram described above, this is Eid-ul-Adha - the day dedicated to the completion of the pilgrimage (hajj) to Mecca to the Kaaba. Bayram, as mentioned above, is the result of the Ramadan fast, in which every believer is prescribed to abstain from food, drink, entertainment and intimacy until sunset. This is done in order to temper willpower, free up time for spiritual exercises, do good deeds, pacify desires and extinguish your passions. Both Hajj and fasting are efforts on oneself, undertaken in order to advance along the path offered by Islam. It is the completion of successful spiritual work that is celebrated on these great holidays. At the same time, existing moral norms require Muslims to maintain in themselves the level of perfection that was achieved during these pious exercises. That is, the end of the holy fast of Ramadan does not mean that now you can return to all your old sins and bad habits. Quite the opposite, leaving once, they must be left forever, and thus the time of fasting becomes a time of inner transformation. This is necessary to arouse the pleasure of Allah and his approval.

What is Ramadan holiday?

The Muslim calendar, which is based on the lunar year, usually has a few holidays that are of great importance to all Muslims. However, such a holiday as Ramadan is given special preference.

Ramadan, also known as Ramadan, is the ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar. Ramadan is considered a month of strict fasting. According to Muslim custom, the first spiritual revelation was delivered to the Prophet Muhammad through the Messenger Jibril in this month. All this happened in 610, when Muhammad was in the cave of Hira, which is located not far from Mecca, where he quite often retired for religious services. This and subsequent revelations, which were sent to the prophet, constituted the sacred book of Islam, referred to as the Koran.

Fasting in the month of Ramadan is one of the main obligations for all Muslims. It is prescribed in order to increase the awareness and appreciation of the Muslims' own actions and the exact execution of the orders of Allah. During the whole day it is strictly forbidden: to eat, drink, indulge in various amusements and taste pleasures. Muslims devote daytime to prayers, reading the Koran, charity, work, as well as religious thoughts and deeds. In addition to the standard 5 prayers, every day, with the advent of night, an additional prayer-prayer is also read, which is referred to as tarawih. As a rule, taraweeh is read after the fifth prayer. In the last decade of the month of Ramadan, a more active righteous life is led, including the commemoration of the night when the Prophet Muhammad received his first revelation. In this month, you can drink and eat food only after sunset and until the time when it rises. Only children, sick people, and even soldiers who take part in hostilities are exempt from fasting, but still, an unfulfilled fast must necessarily be compensated at other times. According to the statement of the mullah, during Ramadan, Allah bestows a reward on the pious for every mercy done by him.

The end of the fast and the holiday of Ramadan is the second most important among all Muslim holidays - Eid al-Fitr, which is considered the holiday of breaking the fast. It begins to be celebrated with the arrival of sunset on the last day of Ramadan and is celebrated on the 1st and 2nd of the coming month of Shawwal after Ramadan. At this time, all Muslims should think about the spiritual values ​​that they acquired during the celebration of Ramadan. Muslims consider this holiday a day of salvation, forgiveness, reward and reconciliation.

The celebration of the holiday begins with a special prayer in the mosque. After the end of the prayer, the Islamic priest asks Allah for acceptance of fasting and forgiveness. After all this, the believers, pulling the tasbih rosary, the whole crowd begin to read dhikr - these are the words of the ritual remembrance of Allah. Dhikr is carried out according to a special formula and in a certain way, out loud or to oneself, accompanying all this with certain body movements.

After prayer, a festive table is laid in the mosque and alms are distributed to the poor. Saadaka is charged from each adult on the day the fast ends during Ramadan. It is collected only from wealthy Muslims. It is listed as a voluntary donation.

In almost all Muslim countries, on the days of Eid al-Fitra, it is supposed to visit the graves of deceased relatives. On the second day of Eid al-Fitra, the fast of the month of Shawwal begins, which lasts 6 days.

The month of Ramadan 2017: the essence of fasting, schedule, calendar, what is prohibited in Ramadan

The month of Ramadan 2017 (Muslim fasting) begins on the evening of May 25 with the onset of the evening after the moon is visible in the sky, and these data are still, according to preliminary calculations.

As for the exact date of the beginning of the month of Ramadan, depending on the countries of the world, it can begin 1 day ahead or later, according to the decision of the highest religious ranks. As the month of Ramadan approaches, the exact date of the beginning of the fast will be determined by the leaders of the religious clergy of each country in Islamic countries, individually.

The beginning of fasting in 2017 within the holy month of Ramadan is considered from the morning of May 26 and it lasts 30 days (± 1 day) depending on the lunar calendar in various countries of the world according to the decision of the ulame councils.

Essence of Ramadan

The month of Ramadan is the month of cleansing from sins and fasting in this month is considered one of the 5 pillars in the Islamic religion. The month of Ramadan (Ramadan) begins after the end of the month of Shaaban and after Ramadan the month of Shawal begins. It was in the month of Ramadan that the holy book “Quran” was sent down to the peoples of the world, in which it is clearly written about this month that righteous Muslims need certain days in the month of Ramadan to categorically refrain from prohibited acts (gunas) and in the daytime refuse to eat and drink.

Month of Ramadan 2017

In fact, this month is also called "Ramadan" by many nations. It is the ninth in the Muslim calendar. If you use the Gregorian calendar, then every year the beginning of the month will change. This holiday is the most important and most revered for all Muslims. This holiday month falls on May 26 this year. The holiday month ends on June 25th. This year Ramadan is 30 days long.

Each new month in the Islamic lunar calendar begins immediately after the new moon. It is worth considering that the lunar calendar tends to be shorter than the Gregorian, for this reason the shift in the start date of fasting occurs by about 11 days in relation to the modern calendar. It is also worth remembering that in countries with a Muslim population, the beginning of Ramadan is determined using astronomical calculation, and in all others due to direct observation of the moon. You can also use the authoritative statements of famous Muslims, which can determine the beginning of the holiday. For this reason, the definition of the beginning of the fast differs depending on the location of the state in which the faithful live.

Features of Ramadan

Contemporaries attribute this holiday to the list of obligatory for all Muslims. This month marks the fasting, which is also called saum. He is one of the pillars of modern Islam. Throughout the month, devout Muslims are forbidden to eat during the daytime. Also, they are not allowed to drink, smoke and make love throughout the holiday, the purpose of which is to atone for all their sins. In other words, fasting is a test for willpower, after which the spirit of a person will be able to triumph over his carnal desires. The faithful can focus their attention on the inner world. This will reveal or destroy sinful inclinations, as well as repent of the sins already committed. A person gets a chance to overcome his own pride and face the will of the Creator. The duration of this post usually ranges from 29-30 days, which is explained by the peculiarities of the lunar calendar. Fasting begins at dawn, and ends only at sunset or the evening azan.

Intention to Fast Ramadan

Before embarking on a fast, the faithful need to pronounce their intentions, the form of which will be something like this: “I want to fast Ramadan today, for the sake of Allah.” Muslims must 30 minutes before dawn to cope with the morning meal and start breaking the fast. This meal is called suhoor, and breaking the fast is iftar. You should break your fast with water, milk or dates, as well as other products. Every day after the completion of the evening prayer, the faithful perform a collective tarawih prayer, which includes from 8 to 20 rak'ahs. The final stage of the month is associated with the onset of the night of al-Qadr. On the first day of Shawwal, timed to coincide with the end of Ramadan, they break the fast. At this moment, Muslims perform an early morning holiday prayer. Also, the obligatory alms must be paid by the faithful, which is called zakat al-fitr. This festival is the second most important for the Muslim community around the world.

Giving up needs to strengthen the human spirit

Thanks to the complete rejection of the most basic human needs during hot days, it allows the faithful to prove how strong their faith is. During this period, Muslims try to cope with their passions and instincts. In addition to external cleanliness, it is also necessary to maintain internal cleanliness during this period of time. This means that a Muslim must be free from various thoughts that can defile a person. The fast of the faithful, who could not achieve the purity of his thoughts and actions, cannot be considered completed, since "Allah does not need to refrain from eating and drinking the one who did not leave a lie." Muslims are of the opinion that the spiritual and physical fasting of Ramadan can significantly improve the state of a person's spirit.

Ramadan and Quran

Fasting is valid only for a certain number of days. If a person is sick or wandering, he can reschedule the fast for another time. Those who can fast while doing deeds should atone for their deed by giving charity to the poor. If someone did a good deed out of personal convictions, then this will be credited to him. It was during this month that the faithful received the Koran. This book is a true guide for man. Those of the Muslims whom this month finds must fast. And here is an excerpt from the Koran, which directly speaks of Ramadan and its impact on Muslims - “Allah wishes you relief and does not wish you hardship. He wants you to complete a certain number of days and praise Allah for having guided you to a straight path. Perhaps you will be grateful."

At this time, Muslims need to perform their prayers with maximum responsibility than at other times. The month should be devoted to the study of the Qur'an and the performance of good deeds. Muslims must also give voluntary (sadaqah) and obligatory (zakat) alms. Many Muslims who, for various reasons, do not pray, usually begin to observe this rule of Islam again during this period. For this reason, the faithful are so enthusiastically awaiting the arrival of Ramadan.

What is forbidden in Ramadan?

During the fast, it is forbidden to perform several actions. It is worth considering that it is in the light period of the day that they are considered a violation of the fast. This is about:

Unspoken desire to fast;
Intentional eating and drinking;
smoking;
Sexual contacts (it doesn't matter if there was an ejaculation or not), masturbation and ejaculation caused by stimulation;
Rectal and vaginal use of drugs;
Swallowing liquid that has entered the mouth.
What is allowed in Ramadan
At the same time, the law does not prohibit doing:

Unintentional eating and drinking;
The introduction of a drug means due to injections;
donate blood;
Swim, but only if water does not enter the mouth;
Kissing if the partner's saliva is not swallowed;
To enjoy caresses that do not cause ejaculation;
Swallow saliva and sputum that does not belong to another person;
Brush your teeth, but with the condition that the paste does not penetrate the throat;
Do not perform prayers.
Persons released from the post
Those who are not Muslims have the right not to follow the rules. Also children under the age of majority and people with mental disorders. Ramadan may not be observed by the elderly and people who suffer from serious illnesses that do not allow them to cope with fasting. To atone for this they have to feed the poor. Pregnant women can also not follow the fast if they are worried about their own or the health of the baby. They should follow Ramadan after the worries have gone. As mentioned earlier, travelers can break their fast in any physical condition or difficulty of the chosen route. If a person does not observe Ramadan, then he should not show eating or smoking to other Muslims. Also, in countries where the Muslim population predominates, it is forbidden to eat, smoke or use chewing gum during Ramadan.

Mandatory requirements
It is very important for those who are fasting to communicate their intention. The intention must be pronounced with the heart. For this, you can use any language that will be understood by fasting people. If you translate this phrase into Russian, then it should look something like this - "I intend tomorrow (today) to fast the month of Ramadan, for the sake of Allah." You need to pronounce this phrase every day for the whole month. The phrase is repeated between the night and morning prayers. An intention that was uttered once a month for all subsequent days is not considered valid in any Sunni madhhab. The only exception is the Maliki madhhab.

What to do in case of violation of the post

If the fast is broken, and there are no good reasons for this, then this offense will be attributed to sins. In case of unintentional breaking of the fast due to severe illness, the Muslim should perform the missed fast on the 1st day of the fast. It is also fashionable to pay the poor a certain amount, which is equal to 1 sa of wheat. Other products purchased for an equivalent amount may also be used. If the fast was missed for another good reason, then the faithful must observe it at any convenient time before the next Ramadan comes. Sexual intercourse that was committed during the daylight hours must be made up for with 60 days of constant fasting or feeding 60 poor people. If the fast is not observed for a reason that is provided for in the Sharia, it is necessary to engage in repentance.

good deeds
Based on the hadiths and the Koran, doing good deeds during this period is considered to be very important for Muslims. If you follow the words of the prophet, Allah can increase the value of each such act seven hundred times, and the devil will be in chains during this period, so doing good during this period will be easier than at other times of the year. Devout Muslims should spend more time studying the Quran this month. They should not forget about almsgiving, as well as do other positive deeds.

Breakfast (Suhoor) at dawn
Suhoor is a breakfast that is taken at dawn throughout Ramadan. Food should be taken before morning prayer is to be read. Suhoor and iftar allow you to replace the usual meals this month for all the faithful. Muslims must perform suhoor before the first sign of dawn. In this case, the reward for the faithful will be much greater. If the fasting person is not satisfied before dawn, then his fast will be kept, but he will be deprived of a certain part of the reward, since he will not fulfill one of the requirements of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad.

Evening meal (Iftar)

Iftar is breaking the fast or eating in the evening every day throughout Ramadan. There should be after the evening prayer is performed. Iftar can only start at sunset. Do not postpone this meal until later in the evening. To break the fast according to the Sunnah, you should use dates or water. When the iftar is completed, it is necessary to say a special prayer, which is called a dua. It may sound something like this: “O Lord, for the sake of Your pleasure with me, I fasted, believed in You, relied on You and broke the fast using Your gifts. Forgive me, O He Whose mercy is infinite. Praise be to the Almighty, Who helped me to fast and fed me when I broke my fast.”

Taraweeh in the month of Ramadan

Taraweeh can be translated as respite. This name is given to a special voluntary prayer that should be performed after the night prayer. It continues until the sun appears at dawn. Taraweeh can be done alone or in a group. Prayer got its name due to the fact that after every fourth rakah, the worshipers get the opportunity to rest while sitting, bringing praise to the Lord.

During the life of the prophet, taraweeh consisted of 8-20 rak'ahs. Modern prayer includes 20 rak'ahs. It was approved by Caliph Umar, to which the Sahaba agreed. Today, the prayer is represented by 10 prayers, each of which consists of two rak'ahs. It must be performed daily throughout Ramadan. Prayer should begin after the end of the night prayer.

End of Ramadan

During the last ten days of Ramadan, Muslims should be especially diligent in their prayers. During this period, it is best to visit mosques, as did the Prophet Muhammad, who retired to the mosque for the entire period. In the last year of his life, he spent 20 days in the mosque during the month of Ramadan. During solitude, do not forget about the need to pronounce your intentions. They should mention that you have decided to spend seclusion in itikaf. After the believer leaves the mosque, you need to return to the usual form of intentions. During this period, the night of al-Qadr should be expected.

Night of al-Qadr in 2017

This night is also called the Night of Power. It is generally accepted that exactly the 27th night of this month coincides with the period when the surah “Inna anzalnagu” was revealed to Muhammad.

This happened in the seventh century in the cave of Jabal al-Nur mountain. It was at this time, which is confirmed by Islamic sources, that the praying Muhammad met with the archangel Jabrail, who pointed the prophet to the scroll and ordered him to read it. Muslims celebrate this night at the end of Ramadan. It is on the Night of Power that the faithful get the opportunity to ask forgiveness from the Creator for their own sins. Also, this period should be devoted to reading the Qur'an.

Feast of Eid al-Fitr

At the end of Ramadan, a feast of breaking the fast is held, which is called Eid al-Fitr or Eid al-Fitr in the Turkic language. Ramadan 2017 is celebrated on June 25th. During this period, Muslims can make a special prayer, as well as pay alms. Zakat al-Fitr is alms that must be paid to the poor. The performance of this act is obligatory for all believers. The head of the family must be paid a certain amount of money for the whole family, which he takes care of. If the child was born on the night of the last day of Ramadan, then there is no need to pay alms for him.

Almsgiving
You can pay zakat al-fitr in the mosque to a person who is authorized to receive it. You can also distribute food directly to those who need it. Alms is equal to one saa of bulk substances. For example, in Europe it is customary to pay alms in the equivalent of wheat or barley, in Asia rice is used for this, and dates in the Middle East. It is best to pay zakat al-Fitr with food, as was customary in the time of the prophet. It is possible to pay alms in money only in the Hanafi madhhab. This obligatory charity allows you to atone (kafarra) for all kinds of mistakes that were made during the period of Ramadan. It is also intended to provide assistance to the poor and those who need funds to celebrate Eid al-Fitr.

Congratulations on Ramadan

Lent continues to be the most joyful holiday for the faithful throughout the planet. Muslims can congratulate their friends and loved ones on his arrival thanks to the words of Ramazani Kareem, which are the wishes of a generous Ramadan. Traditionally, at this time, you can wish Muslims - “May Allah please your eyes in Ramadan with sweet evenings and the friendship of the elect, the mercy of the All-Forgiving and the paradise of the pious!”.

Uraza calendar 2017: the feast of breaking the fast, which marks the end of fasting in the holy month of Ramadan

Each nation has its own faith, and although significant holy holidays also do not differ much from each other, they always fall on different days, for example, in 2017, Ramadan (or Uraza) begins at dawn on May 26 and ends after sunset on June 24.

Uraza is the obligatory observance of saum (fasting) for Muslims for 30 calendar days, which consists of five pillars (foundations) of Islam. During these 30 days, Muslim believers must refrain from drinking, intimacy, smoking, and even eating. The beginning of the saum comes with the morning adhan and ends after the evening adhan after thirty days.

Before starting saum, Muslims read niyat: “I will perform saum of the month of Uraza today, for the sake of Allah.” Believers before the morning azan should finish eating (they call it suhoor) and immediately break the fast, it is allowed to take milk, dates and water for iftar.

Every night, believers perform the rite of isha (prayer for the night), after which there is a collective tarawih prayer, it consists of 8 to 20 rak'ahs. The mighty night of al-Qadar comes ten days before the end of the saum.

Uraza Bayram is celebrated on the first day of Shawwal, which comes at the end of Ramadan. Muslims perform eid prayer (holiday prayer) and obligatory pay zakat al-fitr (alms).

Uraza calendar 2017: Uraza is a time of fun and joy

Uraza Bayram is the second most important holiday in the Islamic calendar after Kurban Bayram. On the eve of the holiday, Muslims buy gifts for each other, prepare treats, and decorate their homes.

Four days before the holiday, women carry out a general cleaning of the house, court premises, barns, and clean cattle. After cleaning is over, all family members should bathe, put on clean linen and clean themselves up.

In the evening, the hostesses prepare traditional oriental dishes. Children carry them to their relatives, there is a mutual exchange of treats.

Eid al-Fitr is not allowed to work, so in most Islamic countries this day is a day off. In Russia, they will also have holidays in the republics of the North Caucasus, Bashkortostan and Tatarstan.

On the holiday itself, it is customary to get up early and put on festive clothes. Muslims greet each other in a special way: “May Allah send His mercy to both you and us!”, “May Allah accept our and your prayers!”.

An hour before sunrise in mosques, after the sermon, they read a festive prayer - Gaet-Namaz. The prayers are mostly attended by men only. Women at this time prepare treats at home.

After the arrival of men from the mosque, the hostesses set the table. In each house they are waiting for the arrival of guests, they also visit their neighbors, relatives and bring them sweets.

Before the start of the holiday, alms (fitr-sadaqah) are obligatory - the distribution of property and money to those in need on a holiday. This year the minimum amount is 50 rubles.

In addition, on Eid al-Fitr, it is customary to visit parents, do good deeds, give gifts, visit cemeteries and commemorate deceased relatives.

Uraza calendar 2017: These days, giving alms is not just a possible solution for a Muslim, but it is an obligatory action

Eid al-Fitr, sacred to all Muslims, in 2017 will begin on June 25 and will last until June 28. This date can be found using the lunar calendar, which correlates with the Islamic calendar.

Now we need to find the month of Shawwal, which immediately follows Ramadan. This is the end of the search, because the holiday of Eid al-Adha falls on the first three days of the month of Shawwal. There are many lesser known but important rules. For example, it is important to take food with your right hand.

If you use cutlery, it should also be in your right hand. It is very important to show special attention and hospitality to guests, even if they are your long-time friends: you need to leave the best food, choose the best places for guests and make them feel at home, without a hint that they are still visiting.

What is customary to cook for the holiday table?

The main product from which most of the festive dishes on Eid al-Fitr are prepared is lamb. Rich soups, roasts, snacks, meat salads are made from it.

The festive table depends on folk traditions. If in Tatarstan they bake pancakes in the morning, put pies on the table, then in the Central Asian republics pilaf is an indispensable attribute.

In Saudi Arabia, sweets and dates, fruits are eaten in the morning. At noon, you need to eat well so that the table is not empty next year.

In Kyrgyzstan, the holiday is called Orozo Ait. The believer must visit seven houses, taste the prepared dishes and read prayers.

In Turkey, they also enjoy sweets at Sheker Bayrami. The youngest of relatives are obliged to visit the oldest.

Ramadan or Ramadan is the holy month of Muslims. Its dates are determined depending on the change in the phases of the moon. The Islamic synodic calendar is shorter than the Gregorian calendar, so the beginning of Ramadan is pushed back by 10-11 days every year. In 2017, this month falls between May 27 and June 25. (Some sources state: evenings Friday, May 26 and d about the evening:

Ramadan (Ramadan) is translated from Arabic as "hot", "scorching heat". The title is the essence of the post. The task of every devout Muslim this month is to prove the strength of their faith, to abandon unclean deeds and thoughts despite the debilitating heat. In the Turkic languages, this post is called uraza (oraza).

History of Ramadan

Muslim tradition says that it was in the ninth lunar month that the Prophet Muhammad received the first message of the Koran from the angel Jibril. The event dates back to 610. At that time, the main herald of Islam was praying in the cave of Hira near Mecca, where the first sura of the Koran was revealed to him. Ramadan received a special status in 622.

Respect for the ninth month of the lunar calendar is repeatedly mentioned in the Qur'an. Muslims call the fast "mubarak", that is, blessed. It is believed that the value of a good deed performed at this time increases several hundred times. For example, a small pilgrimage (umrah) is equivalent in value to the hajj (visiting Mecca), and voluntary prayer is rewarded in the same way as mandatory.

Fasting in Ramadan

During the holy month, Muslims are required to follow strict restrictions on food, pleasures and entertainment. The purpose of fasting is to cleanse oneself bodily and spiritually, to pacify base instincts and passions. An important component of Ramadan is intention (niyat). It is said daily, between night and morning prayers. Niyat sounds something like this: "I intend tomorrow (today) to fast the month of Ramadan for the sake of Allah."

During the ninth month, Muslims refrain from eating and drinking, smoking (including hookah or other mixtures), and sexual intercourse. It is considered a violation of fasting to swallow any liquid (for example, water) while bathing, as well as skipping nyat.

As a rule, during Ramadan they eat twice a day. The morning meal is called suhoor, and the evening meal is called iftar. It is advisable to finish Suhoor at least half an hour before dawn, but iftar should begin immediately after the evening prayer. According to the Qur'an, the best food for breaking the fast at night is water and dates. Skipping suhoor and iftar is not a violation of the fast, but observance of these meals is encouraged by an additional reward.

In Ramadan, it is customary to limit oneself in entertainment and pleasures. Muslims spend the daytime working, praying and reading the Koran. The unshakable tradition of the holiday is the accomplishment of good deeds. Muslims believe that hunger and restrictions during fasting make wealthy people feel sympathy for the plight of the poor. During Ramadan, it is customary to engage in charity, to give voluntary and obligatory alms.

One more is added to the five obligatory prayers (prayers). It is called tarawih, which means "rest" or "respite" in translation. Prayer is performed voluntarily after the obligatory night prayer (isha) and continues until the first signs of dawn. Tarawih consists of 10 prayers of 2 rak'ahs each. After every four rak'ahs, the worshipers rest while sitting, hence the name of the ritual.

Who is exempt from the post?

The strict requirements of Ramadan do not apply to children, the elderly, sick, pregnant and lactating women, as well as travelers. However, breaking the fast should be compensated by abstinence at a more convenient time for the person. The elderly and the seriously ill, instead of strictly observing the customs, are allowed to feed the poor or give them alms.

End of Ramadan

The last ten days of the holy month are especially important for Islam, because at this time a revelation from Allah was sent down to Muhammad. The exact date of the event is unknown, but most Muslim countries mark its anniversary. on the night of the 26th to the 27th day of Ramadan. The holiday is called Lailatul-Qadr, which means "the night of predestination." For a Muslim, this is a time of repentance, persistent prayer and reflection on their mistakes.

Fasting ends on the first day of the month of Shawwal, its end marks Eid al-Fitr (aka Eid al-Fitr) - one of the main Islamic holidays. In 2017, it falls on June 26-27. On this day, Muslims perform a solemn prayer (Eid prayer) and certainly distribute alms in the form of dry food or money. Followers of Islam greet each other with the words "Eid Mubarak!", which means "Blessed holiday!".

In the Muslim faith, as well as in Catholicism and Orthodoxy, there are a sufficient number of significant dates during the year. Muslims celebrate solemn events with joy, feel sad and read prayers on the days of remembrance, and also adhere to strict fasts. The traditions of different faiths are also similar in many ways, for example, the restriction in human passions (Lent) among believing Catholics and Orthodox Muslims is identical to the holiday - Ramadan. When Ramadan comes in 2019, a period of joy, holiness, tolerance and kindness will come for the entire Muslim people.

Ramadan is a holy month in the Muslim faith. According to the faith of the holy Quran, Ramadan is one of the five pillars of great Islam, on which the faith of Muslims in Allah is fastened. Muslims also call this festive month the month of great fasting, which is obligatory for all believers.

The month of Ramadan in 2019 and its calculation directly depends on the phases of the lunar calendar. Every year this event takes place at a completely different time. As a rule, the difference in the dates of the holy month is from year to year within 10-11 days. In the coming year, the holy month will begin in the month of May, or rather, from the 5th. The end of the holy period in the Muslim faith is marked on June 4th. From time immemorial, Ramadan has been considered a summer period; it almost always falls during the warm season. Even the name of the sacred holiday is translated as "sultry" or "hot". But many Muslims associate the translation of the word Ramadan not with the hot summer season, but with strict rules that are mandatory for all Muslims.

To determine exactly what date Ramadan is in 2019, you need to refer to the teachings of theologians. It is the theologians who annually indicate the beginning of the holy month in each year. The start of Ramadan is always based on the phases of the moon. In the Muslim faith, the sacred period falls on the 9th month of the calendar, but the starting date of the holiday depends on the position of the night star.

The history of the appearance of the holiday says that on this holy day, the prophet Muhammad received "frank words" in which the mission of the prophet was indicated. During the same period, Allah gave the Koran to his believers. According to legend, on the day of the beginning of the holy month, Allah tries to fulfill all the petitions of believers, it is also open in order to resolve the fate of people in the most successful way.

During the month of Ramadan, Muslims observe a strict fast and honor strict rules. Fasting, which lasts during the holy month, is called Uraza. When Ramadan begins, the schedule of basic rules helps Muslims decide on the overriding foundations and prohibitions of fasting.

• Complete refusal to eat and drink water. The initial meal must be taken before dawn. In the rest of the day it is forbidden to eat, in addition, you can not get carried away with snacks, as well as drink any liquid (compotes, fruit drinks, water, tea, etc.);
• Strict abstinence from intimacy. Even Muslim spouses are required to comply with this provision. In addition to intimacy, it is forbidden to engage in caresses and other actions that excite a person.
• It is strictly forbidden to smoke, use drugs, drink alcohol. It is very important that during the duration of Uraz, Muslims purify both their body and their soul in every possible way, therefore the smell of tobacco smoke, poison from drugs and alcohol should not enter the body of a believer.
• It is forbidden to lie and swear. Especially it is impossible to engage in deception and at the same time mention the name of Allah.
• It is impossible during the duration of Uraz to chew chewing gum, put cleansing enemas, or physically cause a feeling of vomiting. That is, all those actions that are capable of “cleansing” the body in an unnatural way are prohibited.

If we compare fasting among the Orthodox and sacred fasting among Muslims, then the latter seems very strict and practically impossible to fulfill. But this opinion is deeply erroneous. Believing Muslims do not consider the restriction in human benefits to be something supernatural, they are happy to adhere to the strict and strict rules of this restriction, because it helps believers learn tolerance and understand the real power of their body.

Who can not fast?

As mentioned above, the date of Ramadan 2019 is May 27th. In this hot month, all Muslims should begin to fulfill the strict foundations of an important fast.

• aged people;
• Muslims in whose body a serious illness progresses;
• people who are sick;
• pregnant women;
• breastfeeding young mothers;
• travelers.

Most believers themselves are willing to adhere to the strict rules of fasting, even though the most important circumstance is that they are exempted from observing this restriction. In this case, adherence to the basic rules can be transferred to another time, and not to the duration of Ramadan.

But all the elderly, as well as those Muslims who are seriously ill, are allowed not to adhere to the strict principles of fasting, but instead they need to feed the begging people or the poor. It is important to remember that feeding the needy can be replaced by giving alms.

Traditions

To date, the beginning and end of Ramadan 2019 have already been precisely determined, this sacred event for the Muslim faith will happen between May 5 and June 4. But most people are sure that the festive month of Ramadan is associated only with the observance of strict foundations and restrictions in many human benefits. This is absolutely not true. The main symbol of Ramadan is its final part, as a rule, this happens the day before the end of the holy holiday.

On the very last date of Ramadan, at the time of sunset, a great holiday begins for Muslims, which continues for the next 2 days. In the Muslim faith, such festive events are called Ramadan Bairam. First, prayers are read in Muslim mosques, and after that, all believers recover to eat a sacred meal. The tradition of the holiday is that at the festive meal it is customary to eat and enjoy delicious dishes not only in the circle of one's own family, but also treat all the poor with cooked delicacies.

Fasting for the Ramadan holiday is not the main condition of the Muslim faith, but the main part of the celebration itself is that during the end of Ramadan, Muslims need to go out and give alms. In faith, such distribution of alms is called “firta”. At the same time, firta can be performed in a variety of variations: it can be monetary alms, or alms in the form of food or household items. It is not forbidden to give alms in the form of clothes.

The Muslim holiday in 2019 - Ramadan - is a revered and important event for all believers. It is very important to observe the traditions of faith, which are revered by a large part of the population of the whole world.

Only a few days are left before the completion of the holy fast of Ramadan, and soon Muslims will begin to widely celebrate one of the most important holidays - Eid al-Adha.

WHEN URAZA BAYRAM IS CELEBRATED

The date of the Eid al-Fitr holiday is not spelled out in any documents, since it depends on the lunar calendar and changes annually. In Muslim countries and regions of Russia, this day is officially recognized as a non-working day - a holiday. In 2017, Eid al-Fitr falls on Sunday, June 25th.

HOW TO PREPARE FOR THE HOLIDAY

The most important thing is a festive prayer - prayer, for which you need to prepare: when you wake up, you need to take a bath, put on festive clean clothes, and have a light breakfast - usually this is a tea party. After that, believers (men and children, women usually stay at home) go to the mosque, - says the first deputy chairman-mufti of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Bashkiria Ayup-khazrat Bibarsov.

ON A NOTE

In all mosques, the service begins at about the same time - at 8-9 am local time. If you want to be closer to the imam during prayer, it is better to go to the temple in advance. Otherwise, there may not be enough places in the mosque, but this is not a problem - you can participate in prayer even outside the walls of the mosque. Usually there is a sound broadcast through the speakers installed on the roof of the temple.

HOW IS THE OFFICIAL PART OF URAZA BAYRAM GOING ON

First, the imam reads a sermon, explains why you need to fast, talks about the benefits of paradise. Then visitors to the mosque pay donations (fitr-sadaqa) - those who did not have time before. The amount of donation is set by representatives of the clergy, and it depends on the well-being of the family, usually these are small amounts: from 50 rubles are contributed by the poor and pensioners, from 150 rubles by people of average income, from 250 rubles by people who consider themselves rich.

Then the holiday prayer itself begins, after which the imam reads a short sermon in Arabic and excerpts from the Koran. Further, everyone collectively prays aloud - they ask for peace in the whole world, peace for the departed. For example, this time the mosques will remember the heroes who died in the Great Patriotic War. After a common prayer, everyone is treated to tea and pilaf. All this lasts 1-1.5 hours.

HOLIDAY TRADITIONS

After visiting the mosque, believers go to the cemetery - to honor the memory of loved ones, to clean up the graves.

Well, after the obligatory rituals, everyone goes home or to visit, sit down at the festive table with family and friends. It is customary to do good deeds and enjoy life. But swearing and quarreling is strictly prohibited.

WHEN URAZA BAYRAM ENDS IN 2017

In Russia in 2017, the holiday is celebrated for two days - June 25 and 26, and in Muslim countries - three days.