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When we talk about aristocrats, a fit, slender, handsome young man often appears in our imagination. When it comes to landlords, we are always lost, because in literature we often see two types of such heroes. The former try to imitate aristocrats and are used mainly in comic situations, since imitation is more like a caricature of aristocratic life. The second, masculine in appearance, rude and not much different from the peasants.
In N.V. Gogol's story "Dead Souls" the reader has a unique opportunity to analyze different types of landlords. One of the most colorful of them is Sobakevich.
Sobakevich's appearance
Mikhailo Semenovich Sobakevich is one of the landowners whom Chichikov turns to with a request to sell dead souls. Sobakevich's age varies between 40-50 years.
"Bear! perfect bear! Such a strange rapprochement is needed: he was even called Mikhail Semenovich ”- this is the first impression of this person.
His face is round and rather unattractive in appearance, similar to a pumpkin. "The complexion was red-hot, hot, which happens on a copper penny."
His features were unpleasant, as if hewn with an ax - rough. His face never expressed any emotions - it seemed that he had no soul.
He also had a bear-like gait - every now and then he stepped on someone's feet. What is true, sometimes his movements were not devoid of dexterity.
Mikhailo Semenych has unique health - in his entire life he has never been sick, even a boil has never popped up. Sobakevich himself thinks that this is not good - someday he will have to pay for it.
Sobakevich family
Sobakevich's family is small and limited to his wife Feodulia Ivanovna. She is just as simple and a woman as her husband. She is alien to aristocratic habits. The author does not directly say anything about the relationship between the spouses, but the fact that they address each other as “darling” indicates a family idyll in their personal lives.
The story also contains references to Sobakevich's late father. According to the memoirs of other heroes, he was even larger and stronger than his son and could walk on a bear alone.
The image and characteristics of Sobakevich
Mikhailo Semenovich is an unpleasant person. In communication with him, this impression is partially confirmed. This is a rude person, a sense of tact is alien to him.
The image of Sobakevich is devoid of romanticism and tenderness. He is very straightforward - a typical entrepreneur. He is rarely surprised. He calmly discusses with Chichikov the possibility of buying dead souls as if it were the purchase of bread.
“You needed souls, and I sell you,” he says calmly.
With the image of Sobakevich, images of money and thrift are firmly attached - he strives for material gain. On the contrary, the concepts of cultural development are completely alien to him. He does not seek education. He believes that he is well versed in people and can immediately tell everything about a person.
Sobakevich does not like to stand on ceremony with people and speaks extremely disapprovingly of all his acquaintances. He easily finds flaws in everyone. He calls all the landlords of the county "crooks." He says that among all the noble people of the county, only one is worthy - the prosecutor, but at the same time he adds that if you figure it out well, then that one is a “pig”.
We offer you to get acquainted with N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls"
The measure of a good life for Sobakevich is the quality of meals. He loves to eat well. Russian cuisine is preferable for him, he does not perceive culinary innovations, considers them nonsense and nonsense. Mikhailo Semenovich is sure that only he has good quality food - the cooks of all the other landowners, and what of them, and the governor himself cook food from poor quality products. And some of them are made from something that the chef throws into the trash.
Sobakevich's attitude towards the peasants
Sobakevich loves to take part in all the works, along with the peasants. He takes care of them. Because he believes that employees who are well treated work better and more diligently.
When selling his "dead souls" Sobakevich praises his serfs with might and main. He talks about their talents, sincerely regrets that he lost such good workers.
Sobakevich does not want to be fooled, so he asks Chichikov for a deposit for his peasants. It is difficult to say exactly how many "souls" were sold. It is probably known that there were more than twenty of them (Sobakevich asks for a deposit of 50 rubles, having agreed on a price of 2.5 rubles for each).
Sobakevich's estate and house
Sobakevich does not like sophistication and jewelry. In buildings, he appreciates reliability and durability. The well in his yard was made of thick logs, "from which mills are usually built." The buildings of all the peasants are similar to the manor houses: neatly folded and without a single decoration.
Plan
1. Introduction
2. Appearance of Sobakevich
3.Lifestyle and environment
4. Mindset
5.Conclusion
In the immortal work of N. V. Gogol "Dead Souls" a broad picture of Russian life was developed. A special place in it is occupied by a gallery of collective images of landowners, who are visited in turn by the protagonist. The flurry of criticism from the landowners that hit the writer after the publication of the poem testifies that the depicted characters are taken directly from life. N. M. Yazykov wrote about this criticism: "... here is clear evidence that their portraits were written off ... it is true and that the originals are hurt to the quick!" Many recognized themselves in the colorful figure of Sobakevich.
The first thing that catches your eye when looking at Sobakevich is his amazing resemblance to a bear, which struck Chichikov. "Not well tailored, but tightly sewn" - a saying that can rightfully be applied to this landowner. Sobakevich has a bearish gait, constantly stepping on someone's feet. In addition, his neck does not move at all. The overweight landowner has to turn his whole body.
Sobakevich has no concept of beauty or symmetry. Its main requirement for surrounding objects is strength and durability. Chichikov notes this while visiting him. Clumsiness is noticeable not only in the manor house, but also in all village buildings. There are no traditional folk carvings. During construction, logs are used that would successfully go to ship masts.
Chichikov is struck by the paintings in Sobakevich's house, which depict the same massive, well-knit commanders. In the end, he gets the feeling that every object in the landowner's house says: "And I, too, Sobakevich!" It is quite natural that with such a physical constitution, Sobakevich loves to eat a hearty meal. Food is one of the main joys in life for him. The exorbitant sizes of the dishes served again amaze Chichikov.
The main distinguishing feature of Sobakevich's thinking is practicality and total distrust. He speaks sharply negatively about all his acquaintances: "swindlers", "pig", "fool", etc. It may seem that this is an extremely limited and narrow-minded person. But behind the outward stupidity lies a very cunning dodgy mind. Chichikov was unpleasantly surprised when, in response to his vague reasoning, Sobakevich himself offered to sell him dead souls. He was even more surprised when he heard about the estimated price - one hundred rubles. Sobakevich, of course, named the maximum amount in order to "probe" the buyer. Chichikov was absolutely sure that his scam could not be unraveled by anyone. But to his fair remark that dead souls are useless, Sobakevich reasonably objects: "Yes, you are buying." Then he vaguely hints to Chichikov that such operations are not entirely legal. In the end, Sobakevich gets Chichikov to raise the price from eight hryvnias (80 kopecks) to two and a half rubles. It can be seen that the clumsy bear is not so simple. Further negotiations are very comical, but also confirm the natural cunning of Sobakevich. He seeks a deposit from Chichikov, when writing a receipt, he presses the money with his hand, and then he remarks with regret that "the piece of paper is an old one!"
Chichikov in his hearts calls Sobakevich "man-fist". This definition is the best fit for this character. A strong landowner with excellent health may at first seem like a fool, not far removed from a simple peasant. In fact, Sobakevich leads his household confidently and firmly. He will not miss a single penny and he will try to deceive anyone. Sobakevich believes only in himself, declaring everyone around him "swindlers". This circumstance leads to a sad thought: in fact, all the landowners in Rus' think the same way.
Characteristics of the hero
Sobakevich Mikhailo Semenych - landowner, the fourth "seller" of dead souls. The very name and appearance of this hero (reminiscent of a “medium-sized bear”, the tailcoat on him is “completely bearish” in color, steps at random, his complexion is “hot, hot”) indicate his power of his nature.
From the very beginning, the image of S. is associated with the theme of money, housekeeping, and calculation (at the time of entering the village, S. Chichikov dreams of a 200,000-strong dowry). Talking with Chichikov S., not paying attention to Chichikov's evasiveness, he busily moves on to the essence of the question: "Do you need dead souls?" The main thing for S. is the price, everything else does not interest him. With knowledge of the matter, S. bargains, praises his goods (all souls are “like a vigorous nut”) and even manages to cheat Chichikov (slips him a “female soul” - Elizaveta Sparrow). The mental image of S. is reflected in everything that surrounds him. In his house, all "useless" architectural beauties are removed. Huts of peasants were also built without any decorations. In S.'s house, there are paintings on the walls depicting exclusively Greek heroes who look like the owner of the house. The dark-colored speckled thrush and the pot-bellied nut bureau (“perfect bear”) are similar to S. In turn, the hero himself also looks like an object - his legs are like cast-iron pedestals. S. is a type of Russian kulak, a strong, prudent master. Its peasants live well, reliably. The fact that S.'s natural power and efficiency turned into dull inertia is more likely not the fault, but the hero's misfortune. S. lives exclusively in modern times, in the 1820s. From the height of his power, S. sees how the life surrounding him has been crushed. During the bargain, he remarks: “... what kind of people are these? flies, not people”, much worse than the dead. S. occupies one of the highest places in the spiritual "hierarchy" of heroes, because, according to the author, he has many chances for rebirth. By nature, he is endowed with many good qualities, he has a rich potential and a powerful nature. Their realization will be shown in the second volume of the poem - in the image of the landowner Costanjoglo.
Sobakevich Mikhailo Semenych - the fourth (after Nozdrev, before Plyushkin) "seller" of "dead souls" to Chichikov; endowed with a powerful "nature" - in the 7th chapter he complains to the Chairman of the Chamber and Chichikov that he lives in his fifth decade, and has never been sick, and someday he will have to "pay" for this; appetite corresponds to his powerful nature - in the same chapter, he “eats” a sturgeon of 9 pounds.
The name itself, repeatedly played up by the narrator (Sobakevich resembles a “medium-sized bear; the tailcoat on it is“ completely bearish ”color; he steps at random; the complexion, on which the eyes seem to be drilled with a drill, is red-hot, hot), indicates a powerful “animal-like” hero, on his bear-dog features. All this connects S. with the type of rude landowner Taras Skotinin from D. I. Fonvizin’s The Undergrowth. However, this connection is more external than internal; The attitude of the author to the hero is much more complicated here.
Chichikov's acquaintance with S. takes place in the 1st chapter, at a party at the governor's; the hero immediately draws attention to the clumsiness of the interlocutor (S. first steps on his foot). Intending to visit the village of S. immediately after Manilovka, Chichikov nevertheless gets to him, having managed to bargain with Korobochka along the way and play checkers with the violent Nozdryov. S. Chichikov enters the village at the moment when all his thoughts are occupied with the dream of a 200,000-strong dowry - so that the image of S. from the very beginning is associated with the theme of money, thrift, calculation. S.'s behavior corresponds to such a "beginning".
After a more than hearty dinner (a fat “nanny”, meat, cheesecakes that are much larger than a plate, a turkey the size of a calf, etc.), Chichikov starts a florid speech about the interests of “the entire Russian state as a whole” and evasively leads to the subject of interest to him. But S. himself, bluntly, busily goes to the heart of the matter: "Do you need dead souls?" The main thing is the price of the transaction (starting with a hundred rubles for a revision soul against Chichikov's eight hryvnias, he eventually agrees to two and a half, but slips a "female" soul into the "male" list - Elisavet Vorobey). S.'s arguments are devastatingly simple: if Chichikov is ready to buy dead souls, then he hopes to extract his own benefit - and you should bargain with him. As for the proposed “goods”, it is of the best quality - all souls are “like a vigorous nut”, like the owner of the dead serfs himself.
Naturally, the mental image of S. is reflected in everything that surrounds him. From the landscape - two forests, birch and oak, like two wings, and in the middle a wooden house with a mezzanine - to the "wild" color of the walls. In the design of the house, "symmetry" struggles with "convenience"; all useless architectural beauties are eliminated. Extra windows are clogged, instead of them one small one is drilled; the interfering fourth column was removed. The huts of the peasants were also built without the usual village "tricks", without decorations. But they are made "as it should be" and durable; even a well - and that one is built into oak, usually going to build mills.
Paintings are hung in S.'s house, depicting entirely "well done", Greek heroes-commanders of the early 1820s, whose images seem to be written off from himself. These are Mavrocordato in red trousers and glasses on his nose, Kolokotroni and others, all with thick thighs and unheard-of mustaches. (Obviously, in order to emphasize their power, among the "Greek" portraits, the "Georgian" one - the image of the skinny Bagration - was tucked in.) The Greek heroine Bobelina is also endowed with magnificent thickness - her leg is more extensive than the torso of some dandy. "Greek" images, now parodic, now seriously, appear all the time on the pages of Dead Souls, pass through the entire plot space of Gogol's poem, which was originally likened to Homer's Iliad. These images echo, rhyme with the central "Roman" image of Virgil, who leads Dante through the circles of Hell - and, pointing to the ancient ideal of plastic harmony, they brightly set off the imperfection of modern life.
Not only portraits are similar to S.; similar to him and dark-colored thrush with white speckles, and a pot-bellied hazel bureau on preposterous legs, "a perfect bear." Everything around seems to want to say: “And I, too, Sobakevich!” In turn, he also looks like an “object” - his legs are like cast-iron pedestals.
But for all his "heaviness", rudeness, S. is unusually expressive. This is a type of Russian kulak (controversy about this type was carried out in the Russian press of the 1830s) - oddly tailored, but tightly sewn. Whether he was born a bear, or his provincial life “beared” him, all the same, with all his “dog disposition” and resemblance to the Vyatka squat horses, S. is the owner; his peasants live well, safely. (Here follows the author's digression about Petersburg life, which could have ruined S, corrupting him with bureaucratic omnipotence.) The fact that natural power and efficiency, as it were, became heavy in him, turned into dull inertness - rather a misfortune than the hero's fault.
If Manilov lives outside of time altogether, if time in Korobochka’s world has slowed down terribly, like her hissing wall clock, and has tipped over into the past (as indicated by Kutuzov’s portrait), and Nozdryov lives only in every given second, then S. is registered in modernity, in 1820s (age of the Greek heroes). Unlike all previous characters and in full agreement with the narrator, S. - precisely because he himself is endowed with excessive, truly heroic strength - sees how crushed, how exhausted the current life is. During the bargain, he remarks: “However, even then to say: what kind of people are these? flies, not people”, much worse than the dead.
The more God has put into the personality, the more terrible is the gap between its purpose and the real state. But the more chances for the rebirth and transformation of the soul. S. is the first in a series of types outlined by Gogol who is directly correlated with one of the characters in the 2nd volume, which depicts heroes, albeit by no means ideal, but still cleansed of many of their passions. Household C, "Greek" portraits on the walls, the "Greek" name of his wife (Feoduliya Ivanovna) will rhyme in the Greek name and social type of the zealous landowner Kostanzhoglo. And the connection between the name of S. - Mikhailo Ivanovich - and "humanoid" bears from Russian fairy tales rooted his image in the ideal space of folklore, softening the "animal" associations. But at the same time, the “negative” properties of the zealous soul of S. seem to be projected onto the image of the stingy Plyushkin, thickening in him to the last degree.
THE IMAGE OF THE LANDMAN Sobakevich IN N.V. GOGOL'S POEM "DEAD SOULS"
Sobakevich Mikhailo Semenych - landowner, the fourth "seller" of dead souls. The very name and appearance of this hero (reminiscent of a “medium-sized bear”, the tailcoat on him is “completely bearish” in color, steps at random, his complexion is “red-hot, hot”) indicate his power of his nature. . PORTRAIT
The character of Sobakevich is superbly captured by the writer and is revealed not only in appearance, but also in his manner of speaking, moving, in his whole way of life.
Every thing in Sobakevich's house, from "a pot-bellied walnut bureau on absurd four legs" to the last chair, grew surprisingly closely with its owner and seemed to say: "I am also Sobakevich. And I am also very similar to Sobakevich."
In S.'s house, there are paintings on the walls depicting exclusively Greek heroes who look like the owner of the house. The dark-colored speckled thrush and the pot-bellied nut bureau (“perfect bear”) are similar to S. In turn, the hero himself also looks like an object - his legs are like cast-iron pedestals. S. is a type of Russian fist, a strong, prudent owner. Its peasants live well, reliably. The fact that S.'s natural power and efficiency turned into dull inertia is more likely not the fault, but the hero's misfortune. .
Sobakevich is characterized by an extremely hostile attitude towards everything connected with the spiritual principle in human life. In his eyes, enlightenment and culture are all just inventions, useless and harmful to anyone.
According to Sobakevich's firm conviction, the only important thing in life can only be concern for one's own existence and well-being. Saturation of his stomach under any circumstances (at home or away - it does not matter) is always in the foreground.
During the entire conversation with Chichikov, Sobakevich's posture betrayed his bestial grip of a predator and his swift ambush to meet his prey when it was within reach.
SOBAKEVICH lives exclusively in modern times, in the 1820s. From the height of his power, HE sees how the life surrounding him was crushed. During the bargain, he remarks: “... what kind of people are these? flies, not people ", much worse than the dead. SOBAKEVICH occupies one of the highest places in the spiritual "hierarchy" of heroes, because, according to the author, he has many chances for rebirth. By nature, he is endowed with many good qualities.
The presentation was made by a student of the 9th "B" class of the MBOU "Ulyanovskaya secondary school" of the Lukoyanovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region Vladimir Gorbunov. Teacher: teacher of Russian language and literature of the 1st category Nesterova O.A. February 10, 2012
