Very often, having lived a hard life, full of painful memories and caring for loved ones, in their declining years, old people eke out their existence in nursing homes. Why do older people spend the last years of their lives alone? B.P. invites us to think about this question. Yekimov.

Analyzing the problem, the narrator gives the example of the story of his nanny, who is forced to spend the rest of her life in a nursing home. The hero focuses on the reputation of the place, on the quality of service and on the positive feedback from Maryana herself, however, he and his father, by the behavior and look of the woman, notice that if the nanny had the opportunity to return home, she would not hesitate to leave "this wonderful shelter" . Mariana spent her whole life caring for others, and even when she got into a nursing home, she got a free job in the kitchen and "was very pleased with her career." This woman asked to give the rest of her pension to the younger brother of the protagonist and with her whole appearance tried to portray happiness and former young agility - however, the narrator felt that it was only a mask. To his own shame, he felt that, no matter how Maryana tried to convince everyone of the well-being of her own existence, she would in any case want to live the rest of her life with her loved ones. The hero's heart told him that he had done wrong, and the nanny's death without a trace only agitated his conscience more.

The author believes that always and under any circumstances it is necessary to appreciate what our loved ones do and have done for us. Care and respect are only a small part of how we can thank them for their universal kindness, but many even forget about this.

I fully agree with the opinion of the publicist and also believe that none of us has the right to undeservedly doom our loved ones to a lonely old age. All of us should appreciate and respect those who put their soul into us.

In the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryona Dvor", the author describes the lonely old age of a woman who spent her whole life caring for loved ones. Matrena always selflessly helped everyone around, and in return she received only indifference. No matter how unfavorable fate was for her, Matrena always responded to everything with good nature and friendliness and never burdened those around her with her requests - and in response to strangers she always responded with responsiveness. However, when a woman really needed help, she did not follow either from her adopted daughter, or from her neighbors, or from her friends and sisters - they were only able to share the poor belongings of the heroine after her death.

In the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”, the writer describes the disdainful attitude of the protagonist towards his elderly parents, who loved their son with all their hearts. Eugene was bothered by their care and attention, he did not understand how important he was for his family and therefore did not show reciprocal feelings and was in no hurry to please his parents with his arrival. The hero seemed cold towards his parents and only in the face of death did he realize that their love was the most sincere and pure feeling in his life. Bazarov realized too late that he should have spent more time with his family and given her love and care while there was such an opportunity.

Thus, we can conclude that care, love and attention are the least that we can give to our loved ones, who are attached to us with all their hearts. And if there is an opportunity to fill someone's life with meaning, it will be at least cruel to miss it.

1. 1. Texts from the collection of Tsybulko (2016), which can be used as arguments. Options: 1, 2, 4, 5, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 26, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 S. Salnikov - magazine article "Save the Whales!" Option 1. 1. The problem of the relationship between humans and wild animals. (What should be the relationship between man and wild animals?) Wild animals sometimes need the support of a person who is able to come to the rescue in difficult situations when they are in danger. A person must be worthy of trust, which, unfortunately, animals do not have in relation to a person, not expecting good actions from him 2. The problem of overcoming difficulties in the process of saving wild animals. (How to overcome the difficulties that arise in the process of rescuing wild animals?) Rescuing animals, a person must gain trust from them, make them believe in their good intentions. People can succeed in saving wild animals if they put enough effort into it and, acting clearly and harmoniously, will make well-considered decisions and impeccably implement them. 3. The problem of heroism. (What is the manifestation of the heroism of people?) The heroism of people is manifested in the fact that they are ready to face danger every day in order to help those who need their help. 4. The problem of understanding the great goal of one's a. (For the sake of what do people accomplish their daily feat?) Those who accomplish their daily feat realize the great goal of their heroic work - helping people, saving someone's life. 5. The problem of the need for the unity of different people in the matter of saving animals. (How do people treat animal protection in different countries?) In an effort to save animals from death, different countries act as a united front, the cause of protecting nature unites people of different nationalities. 6. The problem of perpetuating the memory of heroic deeds. (Is it necessary to perpetuate the memory of heroic deeds?) The memory of heroic deeds must be perpetuated so that the surrounding people and descendants know what a person is capable of in order to save someone's life. Text. (1) It happened a long time ago, in the fall of 1988, when unexpectedly early, having confused with the calendar, winter came. (2) Huge, thick ice covered the northern seas and pressed several California gray whales to the shores of Alaska. (3) The animals rushed about on a narrow strip of clear water between the ice hummocks and the rocky shores of Cape Barrow. (4) Every day the strip of water became smaller, and the whales had to die. (5) The inhabitants of the village watched the whales from the shore, but they could not help them: there were no icebreakers capable of breaking such ice and breaking through the waterway for dying marine animals. (6) Help came from a country that then had the most powerful icebreaking fleet in the world. (7) The flagship icebreaker of the Far Eastern Shipping Company "Admiral Makarov" and the diesel-electric ship "Vladimir Arseniev" rushed to help. (8) At dawn, they approached huge fields of ice stretching almost to the very shore, and there, in front, behind these ice heaps, pressed against the rocky shores, whales died. (9) First, breaking the ice, went a handsome icebreaker, capable of cracking even the most powerful pack hummocks, followed by a diesel-electric ship. (10) On both ships there are experienced polar captains who have been working in the Arctic for many years. (11) Calm commands, verified, clear decisions, impeccable execution. (12) Here everyone understands each other almost without words.
2. 2. (13) The work was difficult. (14) It was not difficult for these giants to break through such ice, but how to get exactly on the whales that rush about on a narrow strip of free water? (15) How to make them go into the punched passage, believing people? (16) How to prevent the ice from closing again, burying animals under it? (17) These sea wolves did not have such a practice. (18) A week ago, they went to the Arctic to help dying dry cargo ships and successfully rescued people, ships, and cargo. (19) That was part of their usual heroic work, but here are whales that are afraid of a person and do not understand his actions. (20) You won’t tell them: “Follow me, I will lead you to salvation, to clear water, free from ice.” (21) You can’t convince them that you are a lifeguard and not a whaler. (22) But these harsh, laconic people, who looked into the eyes of danger many times, did the incredible and brought the sea giants into the sea. (23) The whales went on their endless voyage, forgetting to say thank you to kind and brave people, and the brave polar explorers again went past Cape Dezhnev to our northern seas, where another steamer was waiting for their help. (24) There was their usual job - to guide merchant ships through the polar ice, because without these ships and their cargo it is impossible to support life in the Far North of our country. (25) Because a huge power must stand with a firm foot on these cold and distant shores, where wonderful and courageous people live. (26) Now in Vladivostok, in a wonderful place overlooking the Amur Bay, there is a monument to the rescued whales, which was brought to us as a gift from America. (27) And the former captain of the icebreaker "Admiral Makarov" Sergey Fedorovich Reshetov can come here and remember that dear and amazing time and, perhaps, meet here his colleague, the captain of the diesel-electric ship "Vladimir Arsenyev" Ruslan Vainigabdinov and other brave, modest, so and the remaining unknown participants in that ice epic. (According to S. Salnikov *) S. Salnikov - article "Save the whales!" (magazine 2010) * Sergey Salnikov (born in 1949) is a contemporary writer and publicist. Anastasia Ermakova. The novel Claudel Models. Text. (1) On the way to the orphanage, our curator Veronika, who was sitting next to me, explained to the newcomers, including me, how to communicate with children. - (2) Understand, the most shameful thing for the guys is to look unhappy. (3) Pity offends them greatly. (4) Of course, they are invigorated, they want to be strong. (5) It is we, the volunteers, who must earn their attention, and not they, ours. (6) And we need them much more than we need them. (7) It is we who are defenseless before them. (8) Guys want to communicate only on an equal footing. (9) They can be rude, turn away, leave. (10) And they will be right. (11) 3beginning, we have not earned their trust. (12) And no gifts will help here. (13) Did everyone understand? (14) We nodded in unison. (15) Bykovsky orphanage.
3. 3. - (16) Today we came to you, - Veronica began cheerfully, - to spend a day of beauty. (17) Among us are experienced hairdressers and photographers. (18) The plan is this: first we do hairstyles for everyone, and then we take pictures. (19) So think about it - who wants what hairstyle. (20) We will arrange a hairdressing salon on the first floor. (21) Then, two hours later, the girl Kira came in, plopped down next to me and demanded: (22) Give me your phone! -- (23) Why? I asked, not knowing how to react. -- (24) Play. (25) I handed her a mobile phone. - (26) Will you give? she squinted. - (27) And when is your birthday? - (28) June 5th, what? - (29) I'll give you the same one for your birthday. - (30) Are you lying? - the girl got serious. - (31) No. (32) I promise. - (33) Do you want to go watch a hamster? - 34) Do you have a hamster in the orphanage? - I carefully freed myself from her embrace. - (35) Never say that again, you hear! - (36) How? - (37) In the orphanage - that's how. (38) We are talking here: at home. (39) This is our house. - (40) Yes, of course, forgive me ... (41) Evening. (42) I take out my camera. (43) The teacher drives the guys into a bunch - - both artists and spectators: - (44) Now, now, let's all together! (45) Tells them to straighten their clothes and stick on smiles. (46) I take pictures. - (47) Well done! (48) Let's do it one more time. (49) "Smile to everyone! (50) Don't blink!" - the teacher went into a rage. - (51) Will you bring us pictures? - asks Ilya. (52) He holds the button accordion carefully, like a baby. - (53) Of course - (54) You, really, bring it, says the teacher, who has just conducted photographic smiles, - the guys will be waiting. (55) Let's go home. something else. (57) Conscience did not give any concessions, it was bigger and stronger, and most importantly - more merciless than me. (58) I was to blame for all these children abandoned by other mothers. (59) And this guilt was not pathetic and spectacular, she was quiet and simple, like grass underfoot.(60) Inescapable and irresistible.(According to A.G. Ermakova)
4. 4. L. Vertel. The story "Unsound shot." Option 4. Text. Read the text and complete tasks 20–25. (1) The best time for hunting with a hound in our area is the last days of October. (2) By this time, everything in nature calms down, calms down, and the sky, tired of endless cyclones, finally begins to rise, making the world brighter and more welcoming. (3) Dolya was always with me on the hunt - a wonderful Russian hound, not just a master of his craft, but a real grandmaster. (4) For those who are not familiar with hunting, I will say that the dog always looks for the hare in silence, and only when she picks it up, moving it from its place, some kind of toggle switch works inside it and the voice turns on. (5) To pass the time and distract from the growing tension, I began to observe the long-tailed tits, the company flew from tree to tree. (6) And at this time, when I was peeping at the birds, somewhere far away near the lake there was a barely audible howl. (7) I had no doubt that it was a dog, but why howl? (8) I rushed to the voice with a gun at the ready, throwing branches away from my face. (9) It was not very far to the lake when my legs stopped, because the driven heart asked for mercy. (10) I hung in a bag on some tree and through the mist in my eyes I saw a hare's footprint, along which the dog had passed. (11) But the trail did not go to beaver blockages, but for some reason to a cape overgrown with young birch forest. (12) It was then that I paid tribute to the hare's quick wit: before lying down, the oblique crossed over thin ice, realizing that for his heavier pursuers, young ice would become a trap. (13) The share failed about fifteen meters from the shore. (14) Hearing me, she began to whine plaintively and tried to get out of the hole, but the ice broke, and she again howled in despair. (15) I rushed along the shore like crazy, not knowing what to do, and Dolya, putting her front paws on the ice, continued to howl. (16) How long this went on, I don’t remember. (17) Throwing away the gun, he went into the forest, fleeing a terrible denouement. (18) I don’t know how far I managed to move away from the coast, but at some point I turned around and rushed back. (19) “Fool, well, fool! I scolded myself in utter despair. - (20) Where did your brains used to be. "(21) Once my good friend shot a duck while hunting. (22) She fell into the water about twenty meters from the shore. (23) The shooter, in order not to climb into the cold water, went to forest, cut down several thin trees, cut off branches, except for one crown, and, tying them one by one in the form of a long sausage, slowly melted them down to a duck. (24) Then, scrolling the "anaconda", he swept the bird with the left branches and safely dragged the trophy to the shore. (25) I always have a folding Swedish hacksaw with me, and out of old habit I carry nylon ropes in large pockets of a hunting jacket. (26) Cutting down a few birch trees was a matter of five minutes. (27) At the first, I cut off the branches only halfway and put them on the ice. (28) He tied a completely chopped one to it, then a second one, and finally a garland of four birches reached the polynya.
5. 5. (29) The share already, it seems, was barely holding on, she could not even howl; from time to time she only whined like a puppy. (30) And when, turning the garland, I began to cover the dog with branches, fear seized me again. (31) It seemed to me that I would drown her. (32) But then Dolya, escaping from the branches pressing on her, began to crush them under her paws, instinctively trying to be on top. (33) Pulling my device, I felt that I was dragging it along with the dog. (34) Kneeling, I pressed the trembling wet Share to me, still not believing that the worst was over. (35) And if I said that at that moment my eyes were dry, it would not be true. (36) Those whom fate on the paths of life brought together with these tailed creatures and who at least once were honored with their true disinterested love will understand me. (37) On this day, it was no longer up to hunting. (38) I drove the car into the city, and my pet, wrapped in a jacket, dozed in the back seat and, probably, watched a dream about a hare, which I couldn’t get to today. (According to L.V. Vertel *) * Leonid Vyacheslavovich. Verten (born in 1940) is a member of the Writers' Union of Russia, Karelian writer, author of stories about nature, about cases from the life of hunters. Option 5. V.A. Soloukhin. "Dewdrop". Genre, according to the definition of the author - "lyrical notes". Problems: 1. The problem of the relationship between man and nature. (How does a person relate to nature? How does nature affect a person?) Nature gives a person an unforgettable experience, helps him feel happy, gain an understanding that every moment of life is unique. Being in nature, a person learns to sincerely enjoy the world around him. 2. The problem of perception of the surrounding world. (How should we perceive the world around us?) Everything that surrounds us is full of meaning and meaning, every moment of life is unique. You have to learn to appreciate these moments. Children's memories of visiting their native places, of being in nature help to preserve a joyful worldview. Text. (1) The trip to Olepin gave me an unforgettable experience. (2) The morning found me not in bed, not in a hut or city apartment, but under a haystack on the banks of the Koloksha River. (3) But I didn’t remember fishing that morning. (4) Not for the first time I approached the water in the dark, when you couldn’t even see a float on the water, which was barely beginning to absorb the very first, lightest lightening of the sky. (5) Everything was, as it were, ordinary that morning: catching perch, on a flock of which I attacked, and the pre-dawn chill rising from the river, and all the unique smells that arise in the morning where there is water, sedge, nettle, mint, meadow flowers and bitter willow. (6) And yet the morning was extraordinary. (7) Scarlet clouds, rounded, as if tightly inflated, floated across the sky with the solemnity and slowness of swans. (8) Scarlet clouds also floated along the river, coloring not only the water with their color, not only the light park above the water, but also the wide glossy leaves of water lilies. (9) White fresh flowers of water lilies were like roses in the light of a burning morning. (10) Drops of red dew fell from a leaning willow into the water, spreading red, with a black shadow, circles. (11) The old fisherman walked through the meadows, and in his hand a large caught fish blazed with red fire. (12) Haystacks, shocks, a tree growing at a distance, a copse, an old man's hut - everything was seen especially convex, bright, as if something had happened to our vision, and not the play of the great sun was the reason for the extraordinary morning. (13) The flame of the fire, so bright at night, was almost imperceptible now, and its pallor further emphasized the dazzle of the morning sparkle. (14) This is how I forever remember those places along the Koloksha coast, where our morning dawn passed. (15) When, having eaten fish soup and falling asleep again, caressed by the rising sun and having slept, we woke up three or four hours later, it was impossible to recognize the surroundings. (16) The sun rising at its zenith removed all shadows from the earth. (17) The contours, the convexity of earthly objects disappeared, the fresh coolness, and the burning of the dew, and its sparkle disappeared somewhere. (18) The meadow flowers faded, the water dimmed, and in the sky, instead of bright and lush clouds, a smooth veil spread,
6. 6. whitish haze. (19) It seemed that a few hours ago we magically visited a completely different, wonderful country, where scarlet lilies, and a red fish on a rope by an old man, and herbs shimmer with lights, and everything is clearer, more beautiful, clearer, exactly- just as it happens in wonderful countries, where you get only by the power of fabulous magic. (20) How to get back to this marvelous scarlet country? (21) After all, no matter how much you come later to the place where the Chernaya River meets the Koloksha River and where the gorodishche roosters crow behind the epic hill, you won’t get where you want, as if you had forgotten the all-powerful magic word pushing the forests and mountains apart. (22) No matter how much I went fishing from Moscow to Koloksha later, I could not get to that country and realized that every morning, every spring, every love, every joy is unique in life for a person. (23) It was then that I remembered the most wondrous of all magical countries - the country of my childhood. (24) The keys to it are abandoned so far, lost so irrevocably that you will never, never see at least one trifling path until the end of your life. (25) However, in that country there can be no trifling path. (26) Everything there is full of meaning and meaning. (27) A person who has forgotten what was there and how it was there, a person who has even forgotten that it once was, is the poorest person on earth. (According to V. A. Soloukhin *) "A drop of dew" * Vladimir Alekseevich Soloukhin (1924-1997) - Russian Soviet writer and poet, a prominent representative of "village prose". B. Ekimov. A story from the collection "Parental Saturday". Option 11. (1) Letter from Text. Mariana, our old nanny, did not have to wait. (2) My father and I decided to visit her. (3) A well-maintained nursing home for former party workers stood in a rare suburban forest. (4) Maryana came out of the house to us with her usual joyful smile from ear to ear. (5) But only this broad smile, and even the bearish clumsiness of movements, remained from the completely gray-haired nanny. (6) Moreover, as before, she ground her tongue without interruption. (7) It turned out that here she quickly got bored of sitting back and asked to be assistants in the kitchen. (8) The servants had long guessed that Maryana did not belong to either the Soviet or the party workers, but belonged to the category of finished dupes, and they accepted a free worker into the kitchen without any delay. (9) Nanny was very satisfied with her career. (10) - And then it came in handy! she boasted, holding out her trembling hands in front of us. - (11) In the morning I'll clean a bag of potatoes with these hands. .. (12) Our chamber is big, like a church, she continued. - (13) For four. (14) Ho, one grandmother died, and now the bed is walking. (15) And it’s better for us, freer! ..
7. 7. (16) In general, she cheered up with all her might and clearly tried to convince us how well, nicely she lives. (17) But I listened to her, and my heart sank, and for some reason my eyes did not want to look at Maryana. (18) It was felt: if we offered her now to leave this wonderful shelter with a well-established life and go home with us, she would go to the car without hesitation. (19) Already when we said goodbye, promising to definitely visit her again, Maryana remembered one more thing. - (20) My pension is gone! she said to her father with an everlasting smile. - (21) The nurses will hide their glasses at the grandmothers and clean them up. (22) What will you do? she thought, realizing that she was casting a shadow on the reputation of her magnificent establishment. - (23) They are young, fast. (24) You tell me to put my pension in the bank. (25) And when they bury me in the ground, - here she, as of old, tried to famously stomp her foot, - give this money to the smaller one. - (26) She meant my younger brother. (27) The father, also, apparently, slightly moved by the meeting with Maryana, began to say that she would live for another hundred years. (28) But something new and serious slid across the nanny's face. (29) And she cut off her father: - No ... (30) At the end of the summer, they called from the nursing home and announced the death of Maria Ivanovna Mikolutskaya. (31) Where she was buried is unknown. (32) None of us visited her grave. (33) And now you can’t find this grave anymore. (34) Lonely old women dying in nursing homes are not supposed to have metal crosses or stone tombstones. (35) They most often get a wooden peg with a plywood board on which the last name and dates of birth and death are casually written. (36) But after a year or two, rain and snow take away the ink inscription from the plywood, the peg falls, the grave mound settles, and there are no traces of someone’s bones lying here, (37) It remains just the earth from which each spring night blindness, horse sorrel, burdock and dandelions climb together. (38) Now it seems to me that this is how it should be. (39) What else could our nanny turn into, if not a simple earth overgrown with grass? (40) So I tell myself and listen with suspicion to my own words: am I trying to calm my conscience? (According to B.P. Ekimov *) Boris Petrovich Ekimov (born in 1938) is a Russian prose writer and publicist. V. N. KRUPIN. Collection of grains. Option 12. 1. The problem of the destruction of villages in Russia. What are the goals pursued by those who exterminate villages in Russia? Is it possible to avoid the destruction of villages? The destruction of villages in Russia is connected with their economic lack of prospects. However, these supposedly state decisions hide a real “invasion of Russia”. 2. The problem of the importance of memory in human life. (What does memory give a person? What things should people not forget about?) A person must remember about his past, about his ancestors. He must sacredly honor traditions and be connected with his native land. 3. The problem of the relationship between fathers and children. What is the duty of children to their parents? How should children treat their parents?) Children should respect their parents and not deprive them of their own spiritual world. The continuity of generations is the key to the future of Russia. 4. The problem of thoughtless execution of orders by officials. (How should orders be carried out? What should be the priority when carrying out?) Order executors should put the interests of specific people at the forefront, whose fate may depend on certain decisions. 5. The problem of the importance of a small homeland, native places in a person's life. (Why do people like to live in which
8. 8. grew up and live?) It is difficult for a person to leave those places in which he grew up, in which he lives and works, with which he has memories associated. Love for the home does not allow people to leave it. Text. (1) In the north of the Vyatka land, in the village of Pestovo, there was an incident, which, perhaps, is too late, but I want to tell you. (2) When the so-called campaign for the demolition of villages began, in the village, about twelve kilometers from Pestov, the owner lived. (3) He lived as a bean. (4) Having buried his wife, he did not marry again, secretly went to the cemetery from everyone, sat for a long time at the grave of his wife, put field and forest flowers on the mound. (b) Their children were good, hard-working, lived in their own homes, lived well (now, of course, everyone is ruined), they constantly visited the old man. (6) Once they announced to him that his village was among the unpromising, that he was given an apartment in the central estate, and this village would be demolished, arable land would be expanded. (7) That such a process is going on throughout Russia. (8) “Think,” the sons said, “you can’t lead a road to every village, pull light, think like a state.” (9) The sons were young, they were easy to deceive. (10) The old man understood with his heart: there was an invasion of Russia. (11) What is the expansion of the arable area! (12) Chatter! (13) Is it reasonable to drive a tractor from the central estate for ten to fifteen kilometers? (14)A grazing? (15) After all, everything near the central estate will be trampled down in one summer. (16) And most importantly - personal farms. (17) After all, they will already be - and have become - not at home, but at a distance. (18) You come home from work exhausted, and you still have to drag yourself to the site, weed and water. (19) And mowing? (20) What about living creatures? (21) The old man didn't say anything. (22) Left alone, he went out into the courtyard. (23) Almost everything that was in the yard, barn, barn - everything had to die. (24) The old man looked at the tools and felt that he was betraying them. (2b) He flooded the bathhouse, the old cracked stove smoked, ate his eyes, and the old man thought he was crying from the smoke. (26) 3 weeping and smeared with soot, he went to the cemetery. (27) The next day, he announced to his sons that he would not go anywhere. (28) They said: “At least go and see the apartment. After all, heating, after all, electricity, after all, plumbing!” (29) The old man flatly refused. (30) So he wintered. (31) In the spring, the final order came out. (32) They pressed from above: to make life easier for the inhabitants of unpromising villages, to expand arable ones. land. (33) The old man also touched. (34) Already not only sons, but also the authorities came to persuade him. (3b) And the boss came again. (36) He exhorted: - You are a conscious person, think about it. (37) You are slowing down progress. (38) Your village is no longer on any maps. (39) The policy is such that the Non-Black Earth region is raised. (40) But the sons, apparently, were strongly ordered to decide something with their father. (41) They arrived on a tractor with a trailer, silently began to take out and load the old man's things: a bed, dishes, a wall mirror. (42) The old man was silent. (43) They approached him and announced that if he did not go, he would be taken away by force. (44) He did not believe, began to break out. (4b) He decided to himself that he would live in the forest, dig a dugout. (46) The sons tied up their father: “Forgive me, father,” they put him in a tractor cart and drove him away. (4 7) The old man shook his head and gritted his teeth. (48) The dog ran after the tractor, and the cat halfway escaped from the hands of one of the sons and ran back to the village. (49) The old man did not say a word to anyone again. (According to V. N. Krupin *) * Vladimir Nikolaevich Krunin (born in 1941) is a Russian writer.
9. 9. Bogomolov Vladimir Maksimovich. The book "For the defense of Stalingrad". The story "Flight" Swallows "Option 15. Text. (1) Enemy bombers hung over the Volga day and night. (2) They chased not only tugs, self-propelled guns, but also fishing boats, small rafts - sometimes the wounded were transported to them. (3) But the rivermen of the city and the sailors of the Volga flotilla, in spite of everything, delivered the goods. (4) Once there was such a case ... (5) They call Sergeant Smirnov to the command post and give the task: to get to the other side and tell the head of the rear of the army that the troops will hold out at the central crossing for the night, and in the morning there will be nothing to repel enemy attacks. (6) Urgently need to deliver ammunition. (7) Somehow the sergeant got to the head of the rear, handed over the order of the commander, General Chuikov. (8) The fighters quickly loaded a large barge and began to wait for the longboat. (9) They wait and think: “A powerful tugboat will come up, pick up a barge and quickly transfer it across the Volga.” (10) The fighters are looking - an old steamer is plopping, and it is somehow inappropriately named: “Swallow”. (11) The noise from it is such that plug your ears, and the speed is like that of a turtle. (12) “Hy,” they think, “you can’t get to the middle of the river on this one.” (13) However, the barge commander tried to calm the fighters: - (14) Don't look that the steamer is slow. (l5) He transported more than one barge like ours. (16) The team at the "Swallow" is fighting. (17) The Swallow approaches the barge. (18) The fighters are watching, but there are only three people on it: a captain, a mechanic and a girl. (19) Before the steamboat had time to approach the barge, the girl, the daughter of the mechanic Grigoriev - Irina - deftly hooked the hook of the cable and shouts: - (20) Let's put a few people on the longboat, you will help fight off the Nazis! (21) Sergeant Smirnov and two fighters jumped onto the deck, and " Swallow"Dragged the barge. (22) Just reached the stretch - German reconnaissance aircraft circled in the air, rockets hung on parachutes over the crossing. (23) It became light around like day. (24) 3a scouts flew bombers and began to dive either on a barge or on a longboat. (25) Soldiers from rifles hit the planes, bombers almost touch the wings of the pipes, the masts of the longboat. (26) To the right and left along the sides are columns of water from bomb explosions. (27) After each explosion, the fighters look around anxiously: “Is that all, did they hit ?!” (28) They look - the barge is moving towards the shore. (29) The captain of the "Swallows", Vasily Ivanovich Krainov, an old Volgar, know the steering wheel turns left and right, maneuvers - takes the longboat away from direct hits. (30) And that's it - forward, to the shore. (31) 3 German mortars spotted the steamer and the barge and also began to fire from the shore. (32) Mines fly by with a howl, splash into the water, fragments whistle. (33) One mine hit the barge. (34) A fire started. (35) The flames ran across the deck.
10. 10. (36) What to do? (37) Cut the cable? (38) The fire is about to get to the boxes with shells. (39) But the captain of the longboat turned the helm sharply, and ... "Swallow" went to approach the burning barge. (40) Somehow they moored to the high side, grabbed hooks, fire extinguishers, buckets of sand - and onto the barge. (41) The first is Irina, followed by the fighters. (42) 3 sprinkle fire on the deck, knock it off the boxes. (43) And no one thinks that every moment any box can explode. (44) The soldiers took off their overcoats, pea coats, they cover them with flames. (45) Fire burns hands, faces. (46) Stuffy. (47) Smoke. (48) Breathing is difficult. (49) But the fighters and the Lastochka team turned out to be stronger than the fire - the ammunition was saved and delivered to the shore. (50) All the longboats and boats of the Volga flotilla had so many such flights that they could not be counted. (51) Heroic flights. (According to V. M. Bogomolov *) * Vladimir Maksimovich. Bogomolov (1924-1999) - Russian Soviet writer. B. Vasiliev. "My horses are flying." Option 16 The book “My horses are flying...” is the writer's memoirs about a big and difficult life, about meetings with amazing people (including Dr. Jansen) and events in the country. The documentary stories that make up the book are written in a journalistic (or artistic-journalistic) style, which is characterized by figurativeness, emotionality, appraisal and appeal, using such linguistic means as epithets, comparisons, metaphors, exclamatory sentences. The essay on Dr. Jansen combines two types of speech: narrative (first, third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh paragraphs) and reasoning (second and eighth paragraphs). Text. (1) I already vaguely remember this stooped, thin man, who all my life seemed to me an old man. (2) Leaning on a large umbrella, he tirelessly walked from dawn to dusk over a vast area, which included the slovenly built-up Pokrovskaya Mountain. (3) It was an area of ​​the poor, cabbies didn’t go here, and Dr. Jansen didn’t even have money for them. (4) And there were tireless feet, great patience and duty. (5) The unpaid debt of an intellectual to his people. (6) And the doctor wandered around a good quarter of the provincial city of Smolensk without days off and without holidays, because diseases also knew no holidays or days off, and Dr. Jansen fought for people's lives. (7) 3my and summer, in slush and blizzard, day and night. (8) Dr. Jansen looked at his watch only when he counted the pulse, hurried to the patient and never rushed away from him, without refusing carrot tea or a cup of chicory, slowly and thoroughly explained how to care for the patient, and at the same time he was never late . (9) At the entrance to the house, he shook off dust, snow or raindrops for a long time - depending on the season - and when he entered, he went to the stove. (10) Diligently warming his flexible, long, affectionate fingers, he quietly asked how the illness began, what the patient was complaining about, and what measures were taken at home. (11) And he went to the patient, only warming up his hands well. (12) His touches were always pleasant, and I still remember them with all my skin.
11. 11. (13) The medical and human authority of Dr. Jansen was higher than one can imagine in our time. (14) Having already lived my life, I dare to assert that such authorities arise spontaneously, crystallizing by themselves in a saturated solution of human gratitude. (15) They go to people who have the rarest gift to live not for themselves, think not about themselves, take care not about themselves, never deceive anyone and always tell the truth, no matter how bitter it may be. (16) Such people cease to be only specialists: human grateful rumor ascribes to them wisdom bordering on holiness. (17) And Dr. Jansen did not escape this: they asked him whether to marry off his daughter, whether to buy a house, whether to sell firewood, whether to slaughter a goat, whether to put up with his wife ... (18) What they didn’t ask him about! (19) I don’t know what advice the doctor gave in each individual case, but all the children he knew were fed the same way in the morning: porridge, milk and black bread. (20) True, the milk was different. (21) As well as bread, water and childhood. (22) Dr. Jansen suffocated in a sewer well while saving children. (23) He knew that he had little chance of getting out of there, but did not waste time counting. (24) There were children below, and everything was calculated by this. (25) In those days, the city center already had a sewage system that was constantly torn, and then deep wells were dug. (26) A gate with a bucket was installed above the wells, which pumped out leaked sewage. (27) The procedure was lengthy, the workers were not managed in one shift, everything froze until the morning, and then we boys took possession of the tub and the collar and rode. (28) Usually one of us stood on the tub, and two turned the gate. (29) But one day they decided to ride together, and the rope broke. (30) It was impossible to breathe below, because the air is oversaturated with methane. (31) Dr. Jansen appeared when two guys rushed around the well. (32) Having sent them for help, the doctor immediately went down into the well, found the boys already unconscious, managed to pull one out and, without resting, climbed for the second. (33) He went down, realized that he could not get up again, tied the boy to a piece of rope and lost consciousness. (34) The boys came to their senses quickly, but Dr. Jansen could not be saved. (35) So a quiet, neat, very modest and middle-aged man died with the most humane and peaceful of all professions, at the cost of his life paying for the lives of two boys. (According to B. L. Vasiliev *) * Boris Lvovich. Vasiliev (1924-2013) - Russian writer. B. Ekimov. "Speak, mother, speak..." Text. (1) Grandmother Katerina, a wizened, hunchbacked old woman, could not get ready to leave. (2) In recent years, she went to spend the winter with her daughter in the city. (3) Age: it is difficult to heat the stove every day and carry water from the well. (4) Through mud and ice. (5) You fall, you hurt yourself, (6) And who will pick you up? (7) But it is not easy to part with a farm, with a hatched nest. (8) Yes, and the soul ached about the house. (9) Who will you leave it to? (10) So I thought: to go, not to go? (l1) And then they brought the phone to help - "mobile". (12) They explained for a long time about the buttons: which ones to press and which ones not to touch. (13) Usually the daughter from the city called in the morning. (14) Cheerful music sings, light flashes in the box.
12. 12. - (15) Mom, hello! (16) Are you okay? (17) Well done. (18) Any questions? (19) That's good. (20) Kiss. (21) Be-be. (22) You won’t have time to come to your senses, but the light has already gone out, the box is silent. (23) And here, that is, in the life of the farm, the old man, there was a lot of things that I wanted to talk about. - (24) Mom, do you hear me? - (25) I hear! .. (26) Is that you, daughter? (27) And the voice seems not to be yours. (28) Are you sick? (29) Look, dress warmly. (30) 3 Take care of your health. - (31) Mom, - a stern voice came from the phone. - (32) Speak to the point. (33) We explained: the tariff. - (34) Forgive Christ for the sake of, - the old woman came to her senses. (35) After all, she was warned when the phone was brought that it was expensive and it was necessary to speak briefly - about the most important thing, (36) But what is the main thing in life? (37) Especially among old people ... (38) Another day has passed. (39) And in the morning it froze a little. (40) Trees, bushes and dry grasses stood in light white fluffy hoarfrost. (41) Old Katerina, going out into the courtyard, looked around at this beauty, rejoicing, but she should have looked down at her feet. (42) She walked and walked, stumbled, fell, hitting painfully on the rhizome of a pear ... (43) The day started awkwardly and did not go smoothly. (44) As always in the morning, the mobile phone lit up and sang. - (45) 3 hello, my daughter, hello. (46) Only the title that she is alive. (47) Today I hit so hard, she complained. - (48) Not that the leg turned up, or maybe slippery. (49) In the yard, I went to open the gate, and there is a pear ... (50) I cook compote for you from it. (51) You love him. (52) Otherwise I would have removed it a long time ago. (53) Near this pear ... - (54) Mom, please be more specific. (55) About myself, not about a pear. (56) Do not forget that this is a mobile phone, a tariff. (57) What hurts? (58) Didn't break anything? - (59) It seems that she didn’t break it, - the old woman understood everything. - (60) I attached a cabbage leaf. (61) That was the end of the conversation with my daughter. (62) I had to tell the rest to myself. (63) And from different thoughts, the old woman even cried, scolding herself: “Why are you crying? .. "(64) But wept. (65) And tears seem to make it easier. (66) And at an odd lunch hour, quite unexpectedly, she began to play music and the mobile phone lit up. (67) The old woman was frightened. - (68) Daughter, daughter, what happened? (69) Who didn't get sick? (70) You are on me, daughter, do not hold your heart. (71) I know that an expensive phone, big money. (72) But I really almost killed myself ... (73) From afar, after many kilometers, the voice of my daughter was heard. - (74) Speak, mother, speak ... - (75) Forgive me, my daughter. (76) Do you hear me? .. (77) In a distant city, her daughter heard her and even saw, closing her eyes, her old mother: small, bent, in a white scarf. (78) I saw, but suddenly felt how all this is unsteady and unreliable: telephone communication, vision. - (79) Speak, mother, - she asked and was afraid of only one thing: this voice and this life would suddenly break off and, perhaps, forever. - (80) Speak, mother, speak ... (According to B.P. Ekimov *) 6) colloquial vocabulary 7) dialogue 8) rhetorical question 9) a number of homogeneous members
13. 13. F. Abramov. Option 18 Author's position 1. The problem of the influence of the Russian village on the spiritual and cultural life of the people. (What is the role of the Russian village in the formation of our historical roots, in the spiritual culture and life of our people?) 1. The village is our origins, our roots, this is the mother's womb, where our national character was born and developed, a special type of Russian person, worker and warrior , thanks to the work and feat of which we live today. Together with the Russian village, our centuries-old culture and historical roots are disappearing today. 2. The problem of preserving and protecting the enduring values ​​of spiritual culture, historical roots, historical memory. (How should one treat the cultural values ​​accumulated by the people?) 2. It is necessary to preserve not only nature and material values, but also the enduring values ​​of the spiritual culture accumulated by centuries of folk experience. Russian literature plays an important role in this. 3. The problem of determining the role of literature. (What is the role of literature?) 3. The tasks of literature are to comprehend and retain the spiritual experience of people of older generations, that moral potential, those moral forces that did not let Russia fall into the abyss during the years of the most difficult trials; to warn young people against the danger of spiritual hardening, to help them assimilate and enrich the spiritual baggage accumulated by previous generations. 4. The problem of the meaning of the image of the Russian peasant woman in the literature of the 60-70s of the XX century. (What is the meaning of the image of a Russian peasant woman created in the works of Russian literature of the 60-70s of the XX century?) 4. The images of Russian peasant women capture the best features of the national character, the soul of our people, endless selflessness, a heightened conscience and sense of duty, the ability to self-restraint and compassion, love for work, for the earth and for all living things. 5. The problem of determining the role of Russian women in the Great Patriotic War. (What is the role of a Russian woman in the Great Patriotic War?) 5. During the years of the last war, a Russian woman accomplished a great feat. She "opened a second front", endured all the hardships, the pain of losses on her shoulders; during the long war years fed and clothed the country. Text. (1) The old village with its thousand-year history goes into oblivion today. (2) And this means that centuries-old foundations are collapsing, that centuries-old soil on which our entire national culture has grown: its ethics and aesthetics, its folklore and literature, its miracle language, disappears. (3) The village is our origins, our roots. (4) The village is the mother's womb, where our national character was born and developed. (5) And today, when the old village is living its last days, we peer with new, special, sharpened attention at the type of person that was created by it, peer at our mothers and fathers, grandfathers and grandmothers. (6) Oh, a little kind words fell to their lot! (7) But it is precisely on them, on the shoulders of these nameless workers and warriors, that the building of our entire life today stands firmly! (8) Let us recall, for example, only one feat of a Russian woman in the last war. (9) After all, it was she, the Russian woman, who, with her superhuman work, opened her second front back in the forty-first year, the front that the Red Army so longed for. (10) But how, by what measure to measure the feat of the same Russian woman in the post-war period, in those days when she, often herself hungry, undressed and undressed, fed and clothed the country, with true patience and resignation of the Russian peasant woman, carried her heavy cross soldier widows, mothers of sons who died in the war! (11) So what is surprising that the old peasant woman in our literature for a while pressed, and sometimes even overshadowed other characters? (12) Recall "Matryonin Dvor" by A. Solzhenitsyn, "Deadline" by V. Rasputin, the heroines of V. Shukshin, A. Astafyev and V. Belov. (13) This is not an idealization of village life and not a longing for the outgoing hut of Rus', as some critics and writers broadcast with thoughtless ease and arrogance, but our filial, albeit belated gratitude. (14) This is the desire to comprehend and retain the spiritual experience of the older generation, that moral potential, those moral forces that did not let Russia fall into the abyss during the years of the most difficult trials. (15) Yes, these heroines are illiterate, naive and overly trusting, but what spiritual placers, what spiritual light! (16) Infinite selflessness, a heightened Russian conscience and a sense of duty, the ability to self-restraint and compassion, love for work, for the earth and for all living things - you can’t list everything.
14. 14. (17) But unfortunately, a modern young person, brought up in other, more favorable conditions, does not always inherit these vital qualities. (18) And one of the main tasks of modern literature is to warn young people from the danger of mental hardening, to help them learn and enrich the spiritual baggage accumulated by previous generations. (19) Recently, we have been talking a lot about the preservation of the natural environment, monuments of material culture. (20) Isn't it time with the same energy and pressure to raise the question of the preservation and protection of the enduring values ​​of spiritual culture, accumulated by centuries of folk experience ... (According to F.A. Abramov *) * Fedor Alexandrovich Abramov (1920-1983) - Russian writer, literary critic, publicist; one of the most prominent representatives of "village prose" - a significant trend in Soviet literature of the 1960s-1980s. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov - "In the pharmacy." Option 26 Text. (1) It was late evening. (2) The home teacher Yegor Alekseich Svoykin, in order not to waste time, went straight from the doctor to the pharmacy. (3) A tall gentleman with a solidly thrown back head, a stern face and well-groomed whiskers stood on a yellow, shiny desk, apparently a pharmacist. (4) Starting with a small bald spot on the head and ending with long pink nails, everything on this man was carefully ironed, cleaned and as if licked. (5) His frowning eyes looked down on the newspaper lying on the desk. (6) He read. (7) Svoykin went to the desk and gave the ironed gentleman a recipe. (8) He, without looking at him, took the recipe, read it in the newspaper to the point and, making a slight half-turn of his head to the right, muttered: - It will be ready in an hour. - (9) Is it possible to hurry? - asked Svoykin, - (10) It is absolutely impossible for me to wait. (11) The pharmacist did not answer. (12) Svoykin sank down on the sofa and began to wait. (13) Svoykin was sick. (14) His mouth was on fire, there were nagging pains in his legs and arms, foggy images, like clouds and wrapped human figures, wandered in his heavy head. (15) Brokenness and head fog took possession of his body more and more, and in order to cheer himself up, he decided to talk to the pharmacist. - (16) I must be getting a fever. (17) My happiness is that I got sick in the capital! (18) God forbid such an attack in a village where there are no doctors and pharmacies! (19) The pharmacist did not answer Svoykin’s appeal to him with a word or a movement, as if he had not heard. (20) Having not received an answer to his question, Svoykin began to examine the strict, arrogantly scientific physiognomy of the pharmacist. “(21) Strange people, by God! he thought. - (22) In a healthy state, you don’t notice these dry, callous physiognomies, but when you get sick, like me now, you will be horrified that the holy cause fell into the hands of this insensitive ironing figure. - (23) Get it! said the pharmacist at last, without looking at Svoykin. (24) Deposit a ruble six kopecks to the cashier! - (25) Ruble six kopecks? muttered Svoykin, embarrassed. - (26) And I only have one ruble ... (27) How can it be? - (28) I don't know! - rapped the pharmacist, taking up the newspaper. - (29) In that case, excuse me ... (30) I'll bring you six kopecks tomorrow or eventually send them.
15. 15. - (31) This is impossible! (32) Go home, bring six kopecks, then you will get medicine! (33) Svoykin left the pharmacy and went to his home. (34) While the teacher got to his room, he sat down to rest five times. (35) Coming to his room and finding several copper coins in the table, he sat down on the bed to rest. (36) Some kind of force pulled his head to the pillow. (37) He lay down, as if for a minute. (38) Foggy images in the form of clouds and wrapped figures began to cloud the mind. (39) For a long time he remembered that he needed to go to the pharmacy, for a long time he forced himself to get up, but the disease took its toll. (40) The coppers spilled out of the fist, and the patient began to dream that he had already gone to the pharmacy and was again talking with the pharmacist there. (According to A.P. Chekhov *) * Anton Pavlovich. Chekhov (1860-1904) - an outstanding Russian writer, a classic of world literature. Lev Kassil. The story of the green branch. Option 31 Text. (1) On the Western Front, I had to live for some time in the dugout of quartermaster technician Tarasnikov. (2) He worked in the operational part of the headquarters of the guards brigade. (3) Immediately, in the dugout, his office was located. (4) For whole days he inscribed and sealed packages, sealed them with sealing wax warmed over a lamp, sent out some reports, accepted papers, redrawn maps, tapped with one finger on a rusty typewriter, carefully knocking out each letter. (5) One evening, when I returned to our hut, thoroughly soaked in the rain, and squatted down in front of the stove to melt it, Tarasnikov got up from the table and came up to me. - (6) I, you see, - he said somewhat guilty, - decided not to heat the stoves temporarily. (7) And then, you know, the stove gives waste, and this, apparently, is reflected in its growth. (8) She completely stopped growing. - (9) Who stopped growing? - (10) Have you still not paid attention? - Staring at me with indignation, shouted Tarasnikov. - (11) What is this? (12) Don't you see? (12) And he looked with sudden tenderness at the low log ceiling of our dugout. (14) I got up, raised the lamp and saw that a thick round elm in the ceiling had sprouted a green sprout. (15) Pale and tender, with unsteady leaves, he stretched out to the ceiling. (16) In two places it was supported by white ribbons pinned to the ceiling with buttons. - (17) Do you understand? Tarasnikov spoke up. - (18) I grew all the time. (19) Such a glorious twig waved. (20) And then you and I often began to drown, but she, apparently, does not like it. (21) Here I made notches on a log, and I have dates. (22) See how quickly it grew at first. (23) Another day I pulled out two centimeters. (24) I give you an honest noble word! (25) And how we began to smoke here, for three days now I have not observed growth. (26) So she won't get sick for long. (27) Let's refrain. (28) And, you know, I’m interested in: will he get to the exit? (29) After all, it stretches closer to the air, where the sun is, it smells from under the ground. (30) And we went to bed in an unheated, damp dugout. (31) The next day, I myself already spoke to him about his branch.
16. 16. - (32) Imagine, almost one and a half centimeters stretched out. (33) I told you, you don’t need to drown. (34) This natural phenomenon is simply amazing! ... (35) At night, the Germans unleashed massive artillery fire on our location. (36) I woke up from the roar of close explosions, spitting out the earth, which, from the shaking, fell abundantly on us through the log ceiling. (37) Tarasnikov also woke up and turned on the light bulb. (38) Everything hooted, trembled and shook around us. (39) Tarasnikov put the light bulb in the middle of the table, leaned back in bed, with his hands behind his head: - (40) I think that there is no big danger. (41) Won't hurt her? (42) Of course, a concussion, but there are three rebounds above us. (43) Is it just a direct hit. (44) And, you see, I tied her up. (45) As if I had a presentiment ... (46) I looked at him with interest. (47) He lay with his head thrown back on his hands placed behind the back of his head, and with tender care he looked at a green, weak sprout that curled under the ceiling. (48) He simply forgot, apparently, that a shell could fall on us, explode in a dugout, bury us alive underground. (49) No, he only thought about a pale green twig stretching under the ceiling of our hut. (50) Only he was worried about her. (51) And often now, when I meet demanding, very busy, dry and callous at first glance, seemingly unfriendly people at the front and in the rear, I remember the quartermaster technician Tarasnikov and his green twig. (52) Let the fire rumble over your head, let the dank dampness of the earth penetrate into the very bones, all the same - if only it survived, if only it reached the sun, the timid, shy green sprout reached the desired exit. (53) And it seems to me that each of us has our own cherished green branch. (54) For her sake, we are ready to endure all the ordeals and hardships of the wartime, because we firmly know: there, behind the exit, hung today with a damp raincoat, the sun will certainly meet, warm and give new strength to our branch, which we have grown and saved. (According to L.A. Kassil *) * Lev Abramovich Kassil (1905-1970) - a prominent Russian prose writer, one of the founders of Russian children's and youth literature. Prishvin Blue Dragonfly. In that First World War of 1914, I went as a war correspondent to the front in the uniform of an orderly and soon got into a battle in the west in the Augustow forests. I wrote down all my impressions in my short way, but, I confess, I didn’t leave me for one minute with a feeling of personal uselessness and the impossibility in my own words to catch up with the terrible things that were happening around me. I walked along the road towards the war and played with death: a shell stomped, exploding a deep funnel, then a bullet buzzed like a buzzer, but I kept walking, curiously looking at flocks of partridges flying from battery to battery. "You're out of your mind," a stern voice told me from underground. I looked and saw the head of Maxim Maksimych: his bronze face with gray mustaches was stern and almost solemn. At the same time, the old captain managed to express both sympathy and patronage to me. Soon, when the matter flared up, he shouted to me: - But how can you, a writer you are so-and-so, not ashamed of such moments to deal with your trifles? - What should I do? I asked, very pleased with his determined tone. - Run immediately, get those people out of the school, order them to drag the benches from the school, pick up and lay down the wounded ... I raised people, dragged the benches, laid down the wounded, I forgot the writer, and suddenly I finally felt like a real person, I was so happy that I was here in the war, not only a writer. At this time, a dying man whispered to me: - For some water ... I ran the factory on the first word of the wounded man. But he did not drink and repeated to me: - Water, water, a stream ... Yan looked at him in amazement, and suddenly he understood everything: it was almost a boy with sparkling eyes, with thin, quivering lips that reflected the trembling of the soul.
17. 17. The orderly and I took a stretcher and carried him to the bank of the stream. The orderly left, I remained face to face with the dying boy on the bank of the forest stream. In the slanting rays of the evening sun, with a special green light, as if emanating from the inside of plants, shone miners of waxes, leaves of a body cutter, water lilies, a blue dragonfly circled over the backwater. lips moved convulsively, expressing a strong struggle. And now the struggle ended with a sweet childish smile, and the eyes were opened. "Thank you," he whispered. Seeing the blue dragonfly flying across the backwaters, he smiled again, thanked him again, and closed his eyes again. Some time passed in silence, when suddenly the lips moved again, there was a clan struggle, and I heard: - What, is she still flying? The blue dragonfly was still circling. - It flies, - I answered, - and how! He smiled again and fell into oblivion. In the meantime, little by little it grew dark, and I, too, flew far away with my thoughts, and forgot myself. Suddenly I heard him ask: - Still flying? - It flies, - I said, without looking, without thinking. Why can't I see? he asked, opening his eyes with difficulty. I was afraid. I once happened to see a dying man who suddenly lost his sight before his death, but he still spoke to us quite reasonably. Isn’t it so here: his eyes had died earlier. The patient realized that I had deceived him, was upset by my inattention, and silently closed his eyes. It hurt me, and suddenly I saw a reflection of a flying dragonfly in clear water. We could not notice it against the background of a darkening forest, new water - these eyes of the earth remain bright when it gets dark: these eyes seem to see in the darkness. - It flies, it flies! I exclaimed, so decisively, so joyfully, that the sick man immediately opened his eyes. And I showed him the reflection. And he smiled. I will not describe how we saved this wounded man - apparently, the doctors saved him. But I firmly believe: they, the doctors, were helped by the song of the stream and my resolute and excited words that the blue dragonfly flew over the backwater even in the dark. Soloukhin Vladimir. The story "White Grass". Option 32. Text. (1) There are such deaf and secluded places on our river that when you make your way through the tangled forest thickets, which are also filled with nettles, and sit down near the water itself, you will feel as if in a world fenced off from the rest of the earthly space. (2) At the most rough, superficial glance, this world consists of only two parts: greenery and water. (3) We will now increase our attention drop by drop. (4) At the same time, almost simultaneously with water and greenery, we will see that, no matter how narrow the river is, no matter how densely the branches are intertwined over its channel, nevertheless the sky takes an important part in the creation of our small
18. 18. peace. (5) It is either gray, when it is still the earliest dawn, then gray-pink, then bright red - before the solemn exit of the sun, then gold, then golden-blue and, finally, blue, as it should be in the midst of a clear summer day. (6) In the next share of attention, we will already discern that what seemed to us just greenery is not just greenery at all, but something detailed and complex. (7) And in fact, if we stretched an even green canvas near the water, then it would be marvelous beauty, then we would exclaim: “Earthly grace!” (8) Passionate fisherman Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was not so right when he said that during fishing, bright, good thoughts come to mind. (9) Looking at the white lush piles of flowers, I often thought about the absurdity of the situation. (10) I grew up on this river, they taught me something at school. (11) I see these flowers every time, and I don’t just see them - I single them out from all the other flowers. (12) But ask me what they are called - I don’t know, for some reason I have never heard their names from other people who also grew up here. (13) Dandelion, chamomile, cornflower, plantain, bluebell, lily of the valley - we still have enough for this. (14) We can still call these plants by name. (15) However, maybe I'm the only one who doesn't know? (l6) No, no matter who I asked in the village, showing white flowers, everyone shrugged: - Who knows! (17) A lot of them grows: both on the river and in forest ravines. (18) What are they called? (19) What do you need? (20) We are actually, I would say, a little indifferent to everything that surrounds us on earth. (21) No, no, of course, we often say that we love nature: these copses, and hills, and springs, and fire, in the middle of the sky, warm summer sunsets. (22) And, of course, collect a bouquet of flowers, and, of course, listen to the birds singing, to their chirping in the golden forest tops at a time when the forest itself is still full of dark green, almost black coolness. (23) Well, go mushrooming, and fish, and just lie on the grass, looking up at the floating clouds. (24) “Listen, what is the name of the grass on which you are now lying so thoughtlessly and so blissfully?” - (25) “That is, how is it how? (26) Well, there ... some kind of wheatgrass or dandelion. - (27) “What kind of wheatgrass is here? (28) Take a closer look. (29) In the place that you have occupied with your body, two dozen different herbs grow, and after all, each of them is interesting for something: either a way of life, or healing properties for a person. (30) However, this seems to be a subtlety incomprehensible to our mind. (31) Let at least experts know about this. (32) But the names, of course, would not hurt to know. (33) Of the two hundred and fifty species of mushrooms that grow everywhere in our forests, starting from April and ending with frosts (by the way, almost all of them are edible, with the exception of only a few species), we know “by face” and by name hardly a fourth. (34) I'm not talking about birds. (35) Who will confirm to me which of these two birds is a mockingbird, which is a urticaria, and which is a pied flycatcher? (36) Someone, of course, will confirm, but is everyone? (37) But is it every third, but is every fifth - that's the question! (According to V. Soloukhin).

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Lyubov Mikhailovna, please check the essay. Thank you very much in advance!

1) We did not have to wait for letters from Maryana, our old nanny. (2) My father and I decided to visit her. (Z) A well-maintained nursing home for former party workers stood in a rare suburban forest. (4) Maryana came out of the house to us with her usual joyful smile from ear to ear. (5) But only this broad smile, and even the bearish clumsiness of movements, remained from the completely gray-haired nanny. (6) Moreover, as before, she ground her tongue without interruption. (7) It turned out that here she quickly got bored of sitting back, and she asked to be an assistant in the kitchen. (8) The servants had long guessed that Maryana did not belong to either the Soviet or the party workers, but belonged to the category of finished dupes, and they accepted a free worker into the kitchen without any delay. (9) Nanny was very satisfied with her career. - (10) And then it came in handy! she boasted, holding out her trembling hands in front of us. - (I) In the morning, with these hands, I’ll clean a bag of potatoes ... (12) Our chamber is big, like a church, she continued. - (13) For four. (14) But one grandmother died, and now the bed is walking. (15) And it’s better for us, freer! .. (16) In general, she cheered up with all her might and clearly tried to convince us how well and glorious her life is. (17) But I listened to her, and my heart sank, and for some reason my eyes did not want to look at Maryana. (18) It was felt that if we now offered her to leave this wonderful shelter with a well-established life and go home with us, she would go to the car without hesitation. (19) Already when we said goodbye, promising to definitely visit her again, Maryana remembered one more thing. - (20) My pension is gone! she said to her father with an everlasting smile. - (21) The nurses will hide their glasses at the grandmothers and clean them up. (22) What will you do? she thought, realizing that she was casting a shadow on the reputation of her magnificent establishment. - (23) They are young, fast. (24) You tell me to put my pension in the bank. (25) And when they bury me in the ground, - here she, as of old, tried to famously stomp her foot, - give this money to the smaller one. - (26) She meant my younger brother. (27) The father, also, apparently, slightly moved by the meeting with Maryana, began to say that she would live for another hundred years. (28) But something new and serious slipped across the nanny’s face, and she cut off her father: - (29) No, I’ll go to God soon. (30) At the end of the summer, they called from the nursing home and announced the death of Maria Ivanovna Mikolutskaya. (31) Where she was buried is unknown. (32) None of us visited her grave. (33) And now you can’t find this grave anymore. (34) Lonely old women dying in nursing homes are not supposed to have metal crosses or stone tombstones. (35) Most often they get a wooden peg with a plywood board on which the last name and dates of birth and death are casually written. (36) But after a year or two, rain and snow take away the ink inscription from the plywood, the peg falls, the grave mound settles, and there are no traces of someone's bones lying here. (37) It remains just the land, from which night blindness, horse sorrel, burdock and dandelions climb together every spring. (38) Now it seems to me that this is how it should be. (39) What else could our nanny turn into, if not a simple earth overgrown with grass? (40) So I tell myself and listen with suspicion to my own words: am I just trying to calm my conscience? (According to B. Ekimov *) Boris Petrovich Ekimov (born in 1938) - Russian prose writer and publicist.

My composition:

Why are older people often left alone? Does the younger generation have the right not to take care of them, to leave them alone? It is these questions that Boris Petrovich Ekimov, a Russian prose writer and publicist, thinks about in the text proposed for analysis, raising the problem of an indifferent attitude towards the elderly.
The hero - the narrator describes a visit to Maryana, his old nanny, who lived in a nursing home. Maryana tried to convince the hero-narrator and his father that she was doing well, but “it was felt that if she were offered to leave this wonderful shelter and go home, she would go to the car without hesitation.” Even while living in a nursing home, the old nanny continued to take care of people dear to her, so she asked to give her pension to the brother of the narrator's hero. When Mariana died, the narrator and his father did not even know where her grave was. The author emphasizes that the hero realizes how wrong he did towards his nanny, and understands that he should not have forgotten about the person who cared for him. He tries to justify his behavior, but asks himself: "Am I trying to assuage my conscience?"
Boris Ekimov believes that it is necessary to be attentive to close elderly people. We need to take care of them, respect them, not leave them alone, appreciate what they have done for us.
I fully agree with the position of the author. I believe that we have no right to leave to the mercy of fate those who love us, who have invested their soul in us.
Confirmation of my words can be found in the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". Yevgeny Bazarov, one of the main characters of the work, disdainfully treated his old parents, their care and attention bothered him. The old Bazarovs lived with a dream of meeting their son, for them there was no one more important than him. But Bazarov did not show reciprocal feelings, seemed cold towards his parents, was in no hurry to please them with his arrival. Only in the face of death did he realize that his elderly parents were the only people who truly loved him. He realized that he should have paid more attention to them, appreciated their care, but he realized this too late.

Our life is arranged in such a way that its decline often means a person's dependence on others. And people should be sensitive to those whose lives they can improve by filling it with meaning.

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  Why are older people often left alone? Does the younger generation have the right not to take care of them, to leave them alone? It is these questions that Boris Petrovich Ekimov, a Russian prose writer and publicist, thinks about in the text proposed for analysis, raising the problem of an indifferent attitude towards the elderly. (DO NOT ASK TWO QUESTIONS IN A PROBLEM! YOU WILL NOT BE ABLE TO ANSWER THEM. Change it to one.)
  Hero - storyteller describes a visit to Mariana, his old nanny who lived in a nursing home. Mariana tried to convince hero storyteller and his father, that she was doing well, but "felt that if she were offered to leave this wonderful orphanage and go home, she would go to the car without hesitation." Even while living (why the sign?) in the nursing home, the old nanny continued to take care of the people dear to her, so she asked to give her pension to the hero's brother. When Mariana died, the narrator and his father did not even know where her grave was. The author emphasizes that the hero realizes how wrong he did towards his nanny, and understands that he should not have forgotten about the person who cared for him. He tries to justify his behavior, but asks himself: "Am I trying to assuage my conscience?".( Where is the answer to the problem? Why are older people often left alone?
  Boris Ekimov believes that need to take good care of the elderly. Need to take care of them, respect them, not leave them alone, appreciate what they have done for us.
  I fully agree with the position of the author. I I believe that we have no right to leave to the mercy of fate those who love us, who have invested their soul in us. RUSSIAN CLASSICS HAVE WRITTEN ABOUT THIS MORE THAN TIME.
  Confirmation of my words] (G.) can be found in the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". Evgeny Bazarov, one of the main characters of the work, disdainfully treated his old parents, their care and attention bothered to him. The old Bazarovs lived with a dream of meeting their son, for them there was no one more important than him. But Bazarov did not show reciprocal feelings, seemed cold towards his parents, was in no hurry to please them with his arrival. Only in the face of death did he realize that his elderly parents were the only people who truly loved him. He realized that he should have paid more attention to them, appreciated their care, but he realized this too late.
  A similar situation is described in the story of K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram". Nastya, the main character of the story, lived in Leningrad and could not find time to write a letter to her mother, Katerina Petrovna, in the village. And for the old mother, the daughter was the only meaning of existence, she lived in the hope of meeting her. Nastya did not want to go to the village, she was spinning in a whirlwind of city life. When she finally arrived, Katerina Petrovna had already died, without waiting for her daughter. Only then Nastya realized her guilt before her mother, whom she so undeservedly forgot and doomed to loneliness, whose love she could not appreciate.
  Our life is arranged in such a way that it sunset often means a person's dependence on others. And people should be sensitive to those whose lives they can improve by filling it with meaning.

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  Thank you very much! How many points can you get for such an essay?

  I tried to correct the errors, here's what happened:

  Unfortunately, older people are often left alone. But does the younger generation have the right not to take care of them, to leave them alone? It is this question that Boris Petrovich Ekimov, a Russian prose writer and publicist, thinks about in the text proposed for analysis, raising the problem of an indifferent attitude towards older people.
  The hero - the narrator describes a visit to Maryana, his old nanny, who lived in a nursing home. Mariana claimed that she was doing well, but “it felt like if she were offered to leave this wonderful shelter and go home, she would go to the car without hesitation.” Even while living in a nursing home, the old nanny continued to take care of people dear to her, so she asked to give her pension to the brother of the narrator's hero. When Mariana died, the narrator and his father did not even know where her grave was. The author emphasizes that the hero realizes how wrong he did towards his nanny, and understands that he should not have forgotten about the person who cared for him. He tries to justify his behavior, but asks himself: "Am I trying to assuage my conscience?"
  Boris Ekimov believes that one should be attentive to close elderly people. We need to take care of them, respect them, not leave them alone, appreciate what they have done for us.
  
  So, I. S. Turgenev addresses the topic of attitudes towards elderly parents in the novel “Fathers and Sons”. Evgeny Bazarov, one of the main characters of the work, disdainfully treated his old parents, their care and attention. The old Bazarovs lived with a dream of meeting their son, for them there was no one more important than him. But Bazarov did not show reciprocal feelings, seemed cold towards his parents, was in no hurry to please them with his arrival. Only in the face of death did he realize that his elderly parents were the only people who truly loved him. He realized that he should have paid more attention to them, appreciated their care, but he realized this too late.
  A similar situation is described in the story of K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram". Nastya, the main character of the story, lived in Leningrad and could not find time to write a letter to her mother, Katerina Petrovna, in the village. And for the old mother, the daughter was the only meaning of existence, she lived in the hope of meeting her. Nastya did not want to go to the village, she was spinning in a whirlwind of city life. When she finally arrived, Katerina Petrovna had already died, without waiting for her daughter. Only then Nastya realized her guilt before her mother, whom she so undeservedly forgot and doomed to loneliness, whose love she could not appreciate.
  

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  Unfortunately, older people are often left alone. But does the younger generation have the right not to take care of them, to leave them alone? It is this question that is considered in the text proposed for analysis. B.P. Ekimov, Russian prose writer and publicist, raising the issue of indifference towards the elderly(Put it away.L).
  The hero - the narrator describes a visit to Maryana, his old nanny, who lived in a nursing home. Mariana claimed that she was doing well, but “it felt like if she were offered to leave this wonderful shelter and go home, she would go to the car without hesitation.” BUT NO ONE CALLED HER... AND THE OLD NANNY, EVEN living in a nursing home, continued to take care of people dear to her, so she asked to give her pension to the brother of the hero-narrator. When Mariana died, the narrator and his father did not even know where her grave was. The author emphasizes that the hero realizes how wrong he did towards his nanny, and understands that he should not have forgotten about the person who cared for him. He, trying to justify his behavior, asks himself: "Am I trying to calm my conscience?"
  Boris(NEED THE SAME TIME:B.P,) Ekimov believes that one should be attentive to close elderly people. We need to take care of them, respect them, not leave them alone, appreciate what they have done for us.
  I fully agree with the position of the author. In my opinion, we have no right to leave to the mercy of fate those who love us, who have invested their soul in us. Russian classics wrote about this more than once.
  So, I. S. Turgenev addresses the topic of attitudes towards elderly parents in the novel “Fathers and Sons”. Evgeny Bazarov, one of the main characters of the work, disdainfully treated his old parents, their care and attention. The old Bazarovs lived with a dream of meeting their son, for them there was no one more important than him. But Bazarov did not show reciprocal feelings, seemed cold towards his parents, was in no hurry to please them with his arrival. Only in the face of death did he realize that his elderly parents were the only people who truly loved him. He Understood that I should have paid more attention to them, appreciated their care, but Understood he is too late.
  A similar situation is described in story K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram". Nastya, the main character story, lived in Leningrad and could not find time to write a letter to her village mothers, Katerina Petrovna. And for the old lady mothers the daughter was the only meaning of existence, she lived in the hope of meeting her. Nastya did not want to go to the village, she was spinning in a whirlwind of city life. When she finally arrived, Katerina Petrovna had already died, without waiting for her daughter. Only then Nastya realized her guilt before her mother, whom she so undeservedly forgot and doomed to loneliness, whose love she could not appreciate.
  Our life is arranged in such a way that in old age a person especially needs care and support. And people should be sensitive to those whose lives they can improve by filling it with meaning.

  Ilya did a great job. Clean it up.
  K1-1 K2-3 K3-1 K4-3 K5-0 K6-1 K7-3 K8-3 K9-2 K10-1 K11-1 K12-1=20 points

(1) We did not have to wait for letters from Maryana, our old nanny. (2) My father and I decided to visit her.

(Z) A well-maintained nursing home for former party workers stood in a rare suburban forest. (4) Maryana came out of the house to us with her usual joyful smile from ear to ear. (5) But only this broad smile, and even the bearish clumsiness of movements, remained from the completely gray-haired nanny. (6) Moreover, as before, she ground her tongue without interruption.

(7) It turned out that here she quickly got bored of sitting back, and she asked to be an assistant in the kitchen. (8) The servants had long guessed that Maryana did not belong to either the Soviet or the party workers, but belonged to the category of finished dupes, and they accepted a free worker into the kitchen without any delay. (9) Nanny was very satisfied with her career.

- (10) And then it came in handy! she boasted, holding out her trembling hands in front of us. - (11) In the morning, I’ll clean a bag of potatoes with these hands ... (12) Our chamber is big, like a church, she continued. - (13) For four. (14) But one grandmother died, and now the bed is walking. (15) And it’s better for us, freer! ..

(16) In general, she cheered up with all her might and clearly tried to convince us how well, nicely she lives. (17) But I listened to her, and my heart sank, and for some reason my eyes did not want to look at Maryana. (18) It was felt that if we now offered her to leave this wonderful shelter with a well-established life and go home with us, she would go to the car without hesitation.

(19) Already when we said goodbye, promising to definitely visit her again, Maryana remembered one more thing.

(20) My pension is gone! she said to her father with an everlasting smile. - (21) The nurses will hide their glasses at the grandmothers and clean them up. (22) What will you do? she thought, realizing that she was casting a shadow on the reputation of her magnificent establishment. - (23) They are young, fast. (24) You tell me to put my pension in the bank. (25) And when they bury me in the ground, - here she, as of old, tried to famously stomp her foot, - give this money to the smaller one. - (20) She meant my younger brother.

(27) The father, also, apparently, slightly moved by the meeting with Maryana, began to say that she would live for another hundred years. (28) But something new and serious slid across the nanny's face. (29) And she cut off her father:

Not really...

(30) At the end of the summer, they called from the nursing home and announced the death of Maria Ivanovna Mikolutskaya.

(31) Where she was buried is unknown. (32) None of us visited her grave. (33) And now you can’t find this grave anymore. (34) Lonely old women dying in nursing homes are not supposed to have metal crosses or stone tombstones. (35) They most often get a wooden peg with a plywood board on which the last name and dates of birth and death are casually written.

(Z6) But after a year or two, rain and snow take away the ink inscription from the plywood, the peg falls, the grave mound settles, and there are no traces of someone's bones lying here. (37) It remains just the land, from which night blindness, horse sorrel, burdock and dandelions climb together every spring.

(38) Now it seems to me that this is how it should be. (39) What else could our nanny turn into, if not a simple earth overgrown with grass?

(40) So I tell myself and listen with suspicion to my own words: am I trying to calm my conscience?

(According to B. Ekimov*)

* Boris Petrovich Ekimov (born in 1938) - Russian prose writer and publicist.

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We were all looked after by someone when we were little, but should we remember these people when they themselves need our care? It was this problem that B.P. Ekimov raised in his text.

The author tells how a former pupil visited his nanny, who, having grown old, ended up in a nursing home. The hero felt that, despite the fact that the nanny "cheered up with all her might," she was ready leave her new home at any moment and return to the people whom she sincerely loved. But, although the narrator's heart "shrinked", he did nothing for her and soon found out about her death.

I immediately remember the hero of Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" - Nikolai Rostov. After a series of misfortunes befell his family (time

Criteria

• 1 of 1 K1 Statement of source text problems
• 2 of 3 K2

An example of writing an essay based on the text of B. Ekimov.

Composition based on the text of B. Ekimov.

Example 1:

The author of this text, B. Ekimov, shares with the reader his memories of one incident from his life. The reader observes the repair of a small barn belonging to a certain aunt Nyura. The essence of the story lies in the problem of the relationship of neighbors.

The text is written in a simple and intelligible language that we use in ordinary, everyday life.

B. Ekimov seems to us an honest and conscientious person who does not wish harm to the people around him. And so he rebuilds the barn so as not to harm his neighbors.

First of all, I want to express my consent and approval to the author of the text, as he acted in good faith and, despite the work done, rebuilt everything anew.

An equally important proof of the author's integrity is that after the new neighbors build their pigsty next to Ekimov's house, he does not start a quarrel with them.

After thinking about the content of the text, you begin to understand that there are many small dirty tricks in the world that people do to each other. And at the same time, it is impossible not to be imbued with a sense of satisfaction that there are people in the world with the concept of honor and conscience.

Composition - reasoning according to B. Ekimov (Example 2)

Many pages in the work of such writers as Pushkin and Nekrasov, Turgenev and Tolstoy, Leskov and Dostoevsky, who continued the traditions of ancient Russian literature, are devoted to the image of the character of a Russian woman. Yaroslavna and Fevronya Muromskaya, Princess Volkonskaya and Tatyana Larina, Natalya Lasunskaya and Natasha Rostova…
The traditions of Russian classical literature were continued by writers of the 20th and 21st centuries.
In the text of Boris Ekimov, a modern prose writer and publicist, the problem of the integrity of the character of a Russian woman is posed - a problem that is traditional and at the same time relevant to our days.
Maria Ivanovna Mikolutskaya, the nanny of the narrator, whose image appears before us in the passage, devoted her whole life to a strange family and was sent, obviously, as unnecessary, to a nursing home - the “high-ranking” owner took care of her so much. Not accustomed to idle, she also helps here for free in the kitchen and is glad that her hands came in handy. Despite the fact that she was sent to live in this nursing home, she does not complain about her fate, but asks for a favor so that her pension is kept in the bank and transferred to the narrator's younger brother after death.
I admire the openness, the boundless kindness of the old nanny towards others, the desire to be needed by people and the desire to work. A woman does not complain about her fate and does not want to be a burden to anyone. This is the integrity of the character of the heroine.
There are indeed many such women, especially in our villages. I will cite as an example Matryona from A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryona Dvor”. Like Maria Ivanovna, all her life she meekly helped the people around her - relatives, collective farmers, adopted daughter and was glad that they needed her help, without demanding anything in return .
Vasily Belov's novel "The Usual Business" also created a beautiful image of a woman - Katerina, the wife of Ivan Afrikanovich. She gave all her love to her husband and children, was a great worker, humbly endured all the hardships of life, any overwork, and quietly passed away.
From the foregoing, it should be concluded that the character of a Russian woman
is multifaceted and mysterious, and no matter how the conditions of life and life principles change, the main thing in it remains unchanged.