The plot of The Queen of Spades was based on a curious incident known to Pushkin. Young Prince Golitsyn told him how once he had lost a lot at cards. I had to go to bow to my grandmother - princess Natalia Petrovna Golitsyna , an arrogant and domineering person, distinguished by intelligence and a sharp temper, and ask her for money. She didn't give me any money. But favorably conveyed as if magical secret of three winning cards, which she was told by the famous Count Saint-Germain in his time. The grandson bet on these cards and recouped.
"Queen of Spades" is one of the best short stories throughout world literature.
The Queen of Spades" is a philosophical story in its own perspective.
In The Queen of Spades, Pushkin addressed a wide range of philosophical problems :
man, freedom, freedom of moral choice, fate, random and natural, game, "villainy"- are just some of the philosophical questions comprehended by the author in this story, deep in content.
The hero enters into a duel with fate, believing that a sober calculation will allow him to achieve his desired goal.
The Queen of Spades becomes more than just a card in the game Hermann with fate, but the revenge of fate, i.e. the hero himself turns out to be a card in a larger game, and his "bit card".
The plot of the story is based on game of chance, necessity and regularity. In this regard, each hero is associated with a specific topic.
with theme social dissatisfaction - Hermann;
with theme fate - Countess Anna Fedotovna;
with theme social humility - Lizaveta Ivanovna;
with theme undeserved happiness - Tomsky.
Some heroes, such as Tomsky, are chosen by fate, others, like Hermann, seek to catch their luck. Luck is destiny Tomsk and failure is fate Hermann.
"Queen of Spades" - the pinnacle of Pushkin's reflections on the role of fate in human life .
The secular story of Pushkin reveals the tragic fate of a young man named Hermann . He has extraordinary mental abilities, is well brought up and has an attractive appearance. And his prudence was passed down from his ancestors, who are from the German lands. But Herman has dream is to become rich , and get everything without much effort.
The plot of the story plays with Pushkin's favorite theme of unpredictable fate, fortune, fate. The young German military engineer Hermann leads a modest life and accumulates a fortune, he does not even pick up cards and is limited only to watching the game. His friend Tomsky tells the story of how his grandmother, the countess, while in Paris, lost a large sum in cards. She tried to borrow from the Count of Saint-Germain, but instead of money, he revealed to her the secret of the three winning cards. The countess, thanks to the secret, fully recouped.
Hermann, having seduced her pupil, Lisa, enters the countess's bedroom, pleas and threats trying to find out the cherished secret. Seeing Hermann armed with a pistol (which, as it turned out later, turned out to be unloaded), the countess dies of a heart attack. At the funeral, Hermann imagines that the late countess opens her eyes and casts a glance at him. In the evening, her ghost appears to Hermann and says that three cards (“three, seven, ace”) will bring him a win, but he should not bet more than one card per day. Three cards become an obsession for Hermann:
... Seeing a young girl, he said: "How slim she is! .. A real red three." They asked him: what time is it, he answered: - five minutes to seven. - Every pot-bellied man reminded him of an ace. Three, seven, ace - pursued him in a dream, taking on all possible forms: the three bloomed in front of him in the form of a magnificent grandiflora, the seven seemed to be a Gothic gate, the ace a huge spider. All his thoughts merged into one - to take advantage of the secret, which cost him dearly ...
The famous gambler millionaire Chekalinsky arrives in St. Petersburg. Hermann bets all his capital on a triple, wins and doubles it. The next day, he bets all his money on the seven, wins and doubles the capital again. On the third day, Hermann bets money (already about two hundred thousand) on an ace. An ace comes up. Hermann thinks he has won, but Chekalinsky says that Lady Hermann has lost. In some incredible way, Hermann "turned around" - he put money instead of an ace on a lady. Hermann sees on the map a grinning and winking Queen of Spades, who reminds him of a countess. Ruined Hermann ends up in a hospital for the mentally ill, where he does not react to anything and every minute “mumbles unusually quickly: - Three, seven, ace! Three, seven, lady! .. "
The protagonist got into an unpleasant situation, but his personal guilt is the root cause of all events. Pushkin tells the story of an unfortunate man who was captivated by gambling vices. Is it possible to judge such a character? After all, such addictions are found at every step in the modern world. Most likely, it is necessary to draw certain conclusions and stay away from such dubious means of acquiring wealth.
(Hermann's behavior is completely opposite to his state of mind. He fastened his feelings and emotions with strict frames of correct, in his opinion, behavior. Hermann's outer shell will not be able to restrain those raging internal forces that he is trying to pacify for a long time. Without giving way to emotions, Hermann brings tragedy closer inconsistencies that will inevitably erupt.)
The protagonist of the "Queen of Spades" - the character of the story - is a thrifty, prudent person, but does not have any moral, spiritual values.
the countess played a key role in the story. She appeared to Herman as the queen of spades, because he did not fulfill the countess's condition - he did not marry Elizaveta Petrovna.
So the old woman's secret still did not help Herman, because it was revealed against her will.
The protagonist of the story - Hermann. It differs from other heroes in 2 features:
1. Serves as a military engineer, which means the hero's low social status;
2. The son of a Russified German, i.e. a man of a rationalistic mindset, a man of calculation, of firm self-restraint.
And indeed, at the beginning, the hero's life is subject to reason. Being a poor and humble person, he dreams of "strengthening his independence", but he rejects all risky ways, adventures, does not drink, does not gamble, relies on prudence and thrift. But calculation is only the outer shell of Hermann's personality, his essence character was completely different: "he had strong passions and a fiery imagination." The contradiction between Hermann's passionate nature and his rationalistic mindset.
And although at first Hermann took the story of 3 cards as a fairy tale, it had a strong effect on his imagination, the whole night this story did not leave his head. Pushkin shows an internal dialogue that reveals fight 2 started in the soul of Hermann:
1 start makes Hermann believe in the mystery of 3 cards, i.e. believe in the existence of the irrational in life. It pushes you to take risks, makes you reveal the secret of 3 cards. In his head, he even makes plans, thinks about whether he should become the lover of the 87-year-old countess. Those. he's ready for anything. Here the complete immorality of the hero is already shown. 2 start returns to common sense and says that the main thing in life is peace and independence. The plot shows that the struggle of 2 beginnings does not last long and ends victory of passions over consciousness, rationalism.
Hermann commits 3 crimes:1. Outrage over the feelings of a poor girl; 2. The murder of the old countess; 3. Hermann is ready to lay his soul to the devil and thereby commit 3 crimes,
Tomsky says about Hermann: "he has the profile of Napoleon, and the soul of Mephistopheles." These words are literally confirmed by the author of the story: when Hermann tells Lisa that he does not love her and that he used her to get to the countess, that he is to blame for the death of the countess, the author writes: “She wiped her tear-stained eyes and raised them to Hermann: he sat at the window with folded arms and a menacing frown. In this position, he surprisingly resembled a portrait of Napoleon. This similarity struck even Lizaveta Ivanovna. So the story goes Napoleonic theme(the most important theme of Russian and European literature of the 19th century). This Napoleonic motif in the image in Hermann can be understood in two ways:
1. Some literary scholars emphasize Hermann's individualism and immorality. Indeed, the basis of Hermann's soul is selfishness. For the sake of achieving goals, Hermann is able to step over everything (the death of the countess, the feelings of the girl). It is no coincidence that he is compared with Napoleon, Napoleon was ready to shed rivers of blood and shed them for the sake of his self-affirmation. 2. But one cannot consider the Napoleonic motive only in the socio-psychological aspect (i.e., focus on the individualism and immorality of the hero), such an approach ignores the fact that The Queen of Spades is not only a socio-psychological, but also a philosophical story. That is why Pushkin is interested in Napoleon as a person who claimed power over fate, as a person who is sure that everything is subject to the human will. It should be noted that for Pushkin Napoleon was the personification of greatness and, at the same time, the powerlessness of man in the face of fate, in front of fate.
And then, introducing the Napoleonic theme into the story, Pushkin not only characterizes Hermann, but also characterizes his future destiny like Napoleon, he too has his ups and downs. This fate is carried out in 5-6 chapters in the story. In them Hermann repeats in miniature the path of Napoleon. The mystery of 3 cards (three, seven, ace) becomes a reality. Three, seven and ace do win, as Hermann was told by the Countess's ghost. The appearance of the ghost of the countess is, in a way, a message from otherworldly forces, fate, fate. This feeling is reinforced by the words of the Countess herself: “I came to you against my will. But I am commanded to fulfill your request." That's why Hermann disaster(2pm he wins by calling these three cards, and on 3pm instead of an ace - a queen of spades) doesn't seem like a pure coincidence, it looks like an inevitability. The idea of the triumph of fate, fate over human will is important in the story.
Pushkin did not accidentally take the card game as the basis for the plot of the story, because play is a poetic metaphor for life with its ups and downs, with its losses and gains, with its successes and failures. Therefore, The Queen of Spades is a multifaceted work: it combines social, psychological and philosophical motives. Pushkin believed all his life in fate, in the role of chance in human life. Personal and historical experience convinced Pushkin that it was naive and unjustified to hope for the triumph of reason, rationalism.
In his work, Pushkin vividly describes Petersburg - the capital of the empire, the breed of a ghostly absurd life, a city of fantastic events, incidents, ideals, a city that dehumanizes people, disfiguring their feelings, desires, thoughts, their lives. And this is true, because at first Hermann wanted to achieve wealth in an honest way, but as soon as he found out about the secret of the three cards, Hermann became a completely different person. He began to pursue this secret, he was ready to ""sell"" his soul to the devil. The thought of money eclipsed the mind of this man. So, the first villainy of Hermann is a deception of himself. Let's go back to Peter's description. Pushkin described the area so accurately that you can find this street and house in the former capital itself. Now it is Gogol Street, house 10. This house used to belong to Princess Natalya Petrovna. The legend called this house the "Queen of Spades" mansion. After the publication of the work, it became very popular, the young men put three cards, while others found similarities between Princess Natalya Petrovna and the Countess ***. Pushkin himself writes: ""My" "Queen of Spades" "is in great fashion"". In general, in the work of Pushkin, Hermann sets himself the goal - by all means to find out the secret of the three cards. And so he wants to become the old woman's lover, but, having learned about Lisa, he begins to write letters to her (Lisa): "" The letter contained a declaration of love: but it was gentle, respectful and word for word taken from a German novel. But Lizaveta Ivanovna did not understand French and was very pleased with it. And she (Lisa), not knowing the feeling of love, believed Hermann, and he simply used her as a "bridge" between himself and the countess. And now we notice the second villainy - Liza's deception. He deceived her throughout the whole action, as he found out the secret of the three cards - he stopped meeting with her, and once in the Obukhov hospital - he completely forgot about her. In "The Queen of Spades" you can notice moments that can be called "accidental": ""...Thus reasoning, he found himself in one of the main streets of St. Petersburg, in front of a house of ancient architecture... -Whose house is this? he (Hermann) asked the corner guard. - Countess ***, - answered the watchman. Hermann trembled. The amazing anecdote again presented itself to his imagination. He began to walk around the house, thinking about his mistress and his wonderful ability ... "" As you can see, Hemann was attracted to this unremarkable house by some "" unknown force "". And she pulled him in. And yet, what is the third villainy of Hermann? I think it's selling your soul to the devil. After all, being the bearer of this terrible secret, you make a deal with the devil. And why did Hermann "turn around"? but everything is very simple, he did not keep his promise, because the countess made a reservation: "" ... so that you marry my pupil Lizaveta Ivanovna ... "" He was not at all going to marry her. For this, the countess, who gained the ability to examine the souls of people, punished our hero. Another opinion is that the countess specifically named the wrong card so that the devil ""not pay for Hermann's soul"", but simply take it away ... And now Hermann ends up in the Obukhov psychiatric hospital. He has one thing in his head: "" ... three, seven, ace! .. three, seven, queen! .." "V.G. Belinsky wrote: ""Pushkin belongs to the number of creative geniuses, those greatest historical figures who, working for the present, prepare the future, therefore, cannot belong only to the past." Maybe that's why Pushkin's works are immortal. They were popular in the time of Pushkin, they are popular now ...
1. Petersburg in the work of A.S. Pushkin "The Queen of Spades".
a) St. Petersburg is a city of fantastic events.
b) the first villainy of Hermann.
c) Resemblance to the real Peter.
d) The "Queen of Spades" mansion.
2. Lisa - "bridge" between Hermann and the Countess.
3. "Random" events.
4. Why did Hermann "turn around"?:
a) The third villainy of Hermann.
5. Pushkin is a creative genius.
Three evil deeds of Hermann.
In his work, Pushkin vividly describes Petersburg, the capital of the empire,
the breed of a ghostly absurd life, a city of fantastic events,
incidents, ideals, a city that dehumanizes people, disfiguring them
feelings, desires, thoughts, their life. And this is true, because Hermann
at first I wanted to achieve wealth in an honest way, but it was only necessary to find out about
the secret of the three cards, and Hermann became a completely different person. He started chasing
this secret, he was ready to ""sell"" his soul to the devil. Thought about money
eclipsed the mind of this man. So, the first villainy of Hermann is a deceit
himself.
Let's go back to Peter's description. Pushkin so accurately described
the area that in the former capital itself can be found is a street and a house. Now
this is Gogol street, house 10. This house used to belong to Princess Natalya
Petrovna. The legend called this house the "Queen of Spades" mansion. After
the publication of the work, it became very popular, the young men staged three
maps, while others found similarities between Princess Natalya Petrovna and
Countess***. Pushkin himself writes: ""My" "Queen of Spades" "is in great fashion"". IN
In general, in the work of Pushkin, Hermann sets himself a goal - whatever
began to learn the secret of the three cards. And now he wants to become the old woman's lover, but,
having learned about Lisa, he begins to write letters to her (Lisa): "" The letter contained
declaration of love: but it was gentle, respectful and word for word taken from
German novel. But Lizaveta Ivanovna did not understand French and was
very satisfied with them. And she (Lisa), not knowing the feeling of love, believed Hermann,
and he just used her as a "bridge" between himself and the countess. AND
here we notice the second villainy - Lisa's deception. He cheated on her
throughout the action, as he learned the secret of three cards - he stopped with it
meet, and once in the Obukhov hospital, he completely forgot about her.
In "The Queen of Spades" you can see moments that can be called
""random"":
"" ... Arguing in this way, he found himself in one of the main streets of St. Petersburg,
in front of the house of ancient architecture ...
Whose is this house? he (Hermann) asked the corner guard.
Countess ***, answered the watchman.
Hermann trembled. An amazing anecdote introduced himself again to him
imagination. He began to walk around the house, thinking about his mistress and about his wonderful
capabilities…""
As you can see, Hemann attracted to this unremarkable house,
some sort of unknown force. And she pulled him in. And yet, what
Hermann's third villainy? I think it's selling your soul to the devil.
After all, being the bearer of this terrible secret, you make a deal with
devil. And why did Hermann "turn around"? but it's very simple, he
kept his promise, because the countess made a reservation: "" ... so that you
married my pupil Lizaveta Ivanovna ... "" He was not at all going to
to marry her. For this, the Countess, who gained the ability to consider souls
people, punished our hero. Another opinion - the Countess specifically called not
that card so that the devil ""not pay for the soul of Hermann"", but simply take
her... And now Hermann ends up in the Obukhov psychiatric hospital. IN
his head has one thing: "" ... three, seven, ace! .. three, seven, queen! ..""
V.G. Belinsky wrote: "" Pushkin belongs to the number of creative
geniuses, those greatest historical figures who, working for the present,
prepare the future, therefore, cannot belong to only one
past"". Maybe that's why Pushkin's works are immortal. They were
popular in Pushkin's time, popular now...
P.S.: I don’t know what grade this essay will come down to (haven’t checked yet).
But I’ll say right away - I used the materials downloaded from the Internet, so if
there is someone's share, plz don't be offended. Well, if you are offended ... Write insults to
Sections: Literature
I think that on his conscience, at least three atrocities.
A. S. Pushkin
By type: lesson of generalization and systematization of knowledge.
In the form: a lesson-reflection.
Teaching method: stimulation and motivation of educational and cognitive activity:
a) creating an emotional and moral situation.
Goals:
developing:
a) develop the skills and abilities of comparative analysis of the work;
b) to form the skills and abilities of working with critical material;
c) to consolidate the ability to formulate conclusions.
educational:
a) introduce the concept of philosophical and psychological story;
b) continue to work on developing skills to concisely and accurately convey their thoughts;
To form the skill of working with handouts in groups.
educational:
c) awaken a sense of responsibility for one's own life, for one's actions.
DURING THE CLASSES
Pushkin loved the game. She attracted him, because she responded to a passionate, emotional nature.
He played billiards and chess with pleasure and enthusiasm. Not being a strong chess player, he experienced defeat violently.
Among the games, the most prominent place was occupied by cards. The theme of the cards was especially vividly manifested in the story “The Queen of Spades”. And it is no coincidence that Pushkin took the interpretation of the Queen of Spades from the Newest Divinatory Book as an epigraph to the story. The lady of spades theme means secret malevolence. And the epigraph to our lesson is the words taken from this work (read out)
Therefore, the topic of our lesson is “Three evil deeds”.
Questions to the class.
Is this work relevant today?
- Which of the characters are you talking about?
Group form.
The next stage of our work is to find out who committed these atrocities, why, what are the consequences?
(I give questions to groups that will help solve the problem. During independent work in groups, a fragment from the opera “The Queen of Spades” by P. I. Tchaikovsky sounds)
Let's start the discussion:
Who committed these atrocities?
Questions for groups:
GROUP 1: Hermann's first villainy (Figure 1) is the deceived Lizaveta Petrovna.
1) What can you say about her life?
2) What prompted her to respond to the harassment of a military engineer in love?
Did Herman manage to fall in love with Lizaveta Ivanovna in that short time. When was the fatal purpose of his courtship the penetration into the house of the countess?
3) What prevented him from completely surrendering to the feeling that arose.
2 GROUP: the second victim is the old princess.
1) The story of her life, character traits.
2) Does Hermann feel guilty? Is he remorseful for what he did?
GROUP 3: the third victim is Hermann himself.
1) Who is this person?
2) How did Tomsky talk about Hermann?
3) Why does Herman go to the monastery, where the countess was to be buried?
4) Why did Pushkin choose these three cards from a deck of cards?
5) Game with Chekalinsky. How does Hermann appear during the game?
- What do you think, are these three atrocities combined with each other?
(Commenting on the supporting abstract)
Summary of the entire lesson:
He lost because greed, the thirst for enrichment gradually overshadowed all other human feelings in his soul. A man with the soul of Mephistopheles turns into a mentally ill person. Dreaming of finding peace and independence, he is forced to restlessly repeat the name of the three fatal cards until the end of his days.
Analysis of the "Queen of Spades" by A.S. Pushkin
Three evil deeds of Hermann.
What is our life? This is probably the road to nowhere. A series of successes and falls, bright spots and pitch darkness that covers the world on moonless autumn nights. When the wind howls, swinging lanterns on poles and forming single spots of light along the road, covered with fallen leaves and broken branches from trees. This is a series of hopes and disappointments, a string of unfulfilled plans that we built for the future, indulged our pride and brightened up long tired evenings. What else? This is the search for justice, the pursuit of excellence, love, hatred and indifference, the illusion of recognition and the ephemeral joy of victories. Hope for good luck. Eternal hope for good luck and the expectation of a miracle ...
In his work, Pushkin vividly describes Petersburg - the capital of the empire, the breed of a ghostly absurd life, a city of fantastic events, incidents, ideals, a city that dehumanizes people, disfiguring their feelings, desires, thoughts, their lives. After reading "The Queen of Spades" by A. S. Pushkin, I began to think about these questions, and helped me to understand them
Hermann. This is a young military engineer, a passionate man obsessed with the idea of wealth. On his way, he stops at nothing. Ready to play with other people's feelings, charms Lisa, a girl who lives in the house of an old countess, in order to master the secret of "three cards", which guarantees him a big win. And this is true, because Herman at first wanted to achieve wealth in an honest way, but as soon as he found out about the secret of the three cards, he became a completely different person. He began to pursue this secret, he was ready
""sell"" your soul to the devil. The thought of money eclipsed the mind of this man. So, Herman's first villainy is a deception of himself.
Pushkin described the area so accurately that in the former capital one can find this street and house. I have been to St. Petersburg many times. On one of the excursions we were told about this house. Now it is Gogol Street, house 10. Previously, it belonged to Princess Natalya Petrovna. The legend called this house a mansion
"The Queen of Spades". After the publication of the work, it became very popular, the young men put three cards, while others found similarities between Princess Natalya Petrovna and the Countess. Pushkin himself writes: ""My" "Queen of Spades" "is in great fashion"". In general, in the work of Pushkin, Hermann sets himself the goal - by all means to find out the secret of the three cards. And so he wants to become the old woman's lover, but, having learned about Lisa, he begins to write letters to her (Lisa): "" The letter contained a declaration of love: but it was gentle, respectful and word for word taken from a German novel. But Lizaveta Ivanovna did not understand French and was very pleased with it. And she (Lisa), not knowing the feeling of love, believed Hermann, who simply used her as
"bridge" between himself and the countess. And now we notice the second villainy - Liza's deception. He deceived her throughout the whole action, as he found out the secret of three cards - he stopped meeting with her, and being in the Obukhov hospital
– and completely forgot about it.
In "The Queen of Spades" you can see moments that I would like to name
""random"":
"" ... Arguing in this way, he found himself in one of the main streets of St. Petersburg, in front of the house of ancient architecture ...
-Whose is this house? he (Hermann) asked the corner guard.
“Countess,” answered the watchman.
Hermann trembled. The amazing anecdote again presented itself to his imagination. He began to walk around the house, thinking about his mistress and about his wonderful ability ... ""
As you can see, Hemann attracted to this unremarkable house, some
""unknown force"". And she pulled him in. I believe that selling one's soul to the devil is his third villainy. After all, being the bearer of this terrible secret, you make a deal with the devil. And why
Hermann "turned around"? but everything is very simple, he did not keep his promise, because the countess made a reservation: "" ... so that you marry my pupil Lizaveta Ivanovna ... "" He was not at all going to marry her. For this, the countess, who gained the ability to examine the souls of people, punished our hero. Another opinion is that the countess specifically named the wrong card so that the devil ""not pay for the soul of Hermann"", but simply take it away. ...
And now Hermann ends up in the Obukhov psychiatric hospital. He has one thing in his head: "" ... three, seven, ace! .. three, seven, queen! .." "This is what the endless pursuit of wealth has led to.
Throughout the work, the author shows Hermann only from the bad side. But I think that this crazy person is much simpler and weaker.
It is not known how we would have behaved in his place ... After all, it is easier to condemn than to understand, right? As Leo Tolstoy said: “Undoubtedly,. It is more important how a person perceives fate than what it really is.
