It is believed that the concept of a social role in sociology was first introduced by R. Linton, although F. Nietzsche already uses this word in a sociological sense: “Care for maintaining existence imposes on most male Europeans a strictly defined role, as they say, a career.” From the point of view of sociology, any organization of a society or group presupposes the presence of a set of differing roles. In particular, P. Berger believes that "society is a network of social roles."
Social role - it is a system of expected behavior, which is determined by normative duties and the rights corresponding to these duties.
For example, an educational institution as a type of social organization requires the presence of a director, teachers and students. Weight is social roles associated with a specific set of duties and rights. So, the teacher is obliged to follow the director's orders, not to be late for his lessons, to conscientiously prepare for them, to orient students towards socially approved behavior, to be quite demanding and fair, he is forbidden to resort to physical punishment of students, etc. At the same time, he has the right to certain signs of respect associated with his role as a teacher: students must stand up when he appears, call him by his first name and patronymic, unquestioningly follow his orders related to the educational process, observe silence in the classroom when he speaks, and etc. Nevertheless, the fulfillment of a social role allows some freedom for the manifestation of individual qualities: the teacher can be harsh and soft, maintain a strict distance in relation to students and behave with them like an older comrade. A student can be diligent or negligent, obedient or daring. All these are acceptable individual shades of social roles.
The normative requirements associated with a social role, as a rule, are more or less known to the participants in role interaction, therefore they give rise to certain role expectations: all participants expect behavior from each other that fits into the context of these social roles. Thanks to this, the social behavior of people becomes largely predictable.
However, role requirements allow some freedom and the behavior of a group member is not determined mechanically by the role performed by him. Thus, cases are known from literature and life when, at a critical moment, a person takes on the role of leader and saves the situation from whom, in his usual role in the group, no one expected this. E. Hoffman argues that an individual who performs a social role is aware of the existence of a distance between himself and his role. emphasized the variability of normative requirements associated with a social role. R. Merton noted their "dual character". For example, a research scientist is required to adhere to the provisions and methods established by science and at the same time to create and justify new ideas, sometimes to the detriment of the accepted ones; a good surgeon is not only one who performs conventional operations well, but also one who can take a risky unconventional decision, saving the patient's life. Thus, a certain amount of initiative is an integral part of the fulfillment of a social role.
An individual always simultaneously performs not one social role, but several, sometimes even many. The position of a person who performs only one role is always pathological and suggests that he lives in conditions of complete isolation from society (is a patient in a psychiatric clinic or a prisoner in prison). Even in a family, a person plays not one, but several roles - he is a son, and a brother, and a husband, and a father. In addition, he performs a number of other roles in others: he is the boss for his subordinates, and the subordinate for his boss, and the doctor for his patients, and the teacher for his students at the medical institute, and the friend of his friend, and the neighbor of the inhabitants of his house, and a member of some political party, etc.
Role normative requirements are an element of the system of social norms adopted by a given society. Nevertheless, they are specific and valid only in relation to those who occupy a certain social position. Many role requirements are absurd outside of a specific role situation. For example, a woman who comes to see a doctor undresses at his request, fulfilling her role as a patient. But if a passer-by on the street turns to her with a similar demand, she will rush to run or call for help.
The relationship between special role norms and universally valid norms is very complex. Many role prescriptions are not related to them at all, and some role norms are of an exceptional nature, placing the people who perform them in a special position when general norms do not apply to them. For example, a doctor is required to keep medical secrecy, and a priest - the secret of confession, therefore, according to the law, they are not required to disclose this information when testifying in court. The discrepancy between general and role norms can be so great that the bearer of the role is almost exposed to public contempt, although his position is necessary and recognized by society (executioner, secret police agent).
Ideas about social role
It is believed that the concept of “social role” was introduced into sociology in the first half of the 19th century. American scientist R. Linton. The German philosopher F. Nietzsche uses this word in a completely sociological sense: “Care for the maintenance of existence imposes on the majority of male Europeans a strictly defined role, as they say, a career.”
From the point of view of sociology, any organization of a society or group presupposes the presence of a set of roles that differ from each other. In particular, the American sociologist P. Berger believes that modern society is a "network of social roles."
social role is a system of expected behavior, which is determined by normative duties and the rights corresponding to these duties. For example, an educational institution as a type of social organization requires the presence of a director, teachers and students. These social roles carry a specific set of duties and rights. The teacher is obliged to follow the director's orders, not to be late for his lessons, to conscientiously prepare for them, to orient students towards socially approved behavior, to be demanding and fair, he is forbidden to resort to physical punishment of students, etc. At the same time, he has the right to certain signs of respect associated with his role as a teacher: students must stand up when he appears, call him by his first name and patronymic, follow his orders related to the educational process, keep silence in the classroom when he speaks, etc. .P.
Nevertheless, the fulfillment of a social role allows some freedom for the manifestation of individual qualities: the teacher can be harsh or soft, keep a distance from students or behave with them like an older comrade. A student can be diligent or negligent, obedient or daring. All these are acceptable individual shades of social roles. Consequently, the behavior of an individual in a group is not determined mechanically by the social role he performs. Thus, cases are known from literature and life when, at critical moments, people took on the role of leader and saved the situation from whom no one expected this due to their usual roles in the group.
The American sociologist R. Merton was the first to draw attention to the fact that everyone has not one social role, but several, and this provision became the basis role theory.
Thus, individuals as carriers of certain social statuses, entering into social relations, always simultaneously perform several social roles due to one or another social status. The position of a person who performs only one role is always pathological and suggests that he lives in isolation from society. Usually a person in society performs several roles. For example, the social status of a man allows him to have many social roles: in the family, he can be husband and father or son and brother; at work - a boss or a subordinate, and at the same time a boss for some and a subordinate for others; in professional activities, he can be a doctor and at the same time a patient of another doctor; a member of a political party and a neighbor of a member of another political party, etc.
In modern sociology, the set of roles corresponding to a certain social status is called role set. For example, the status of a teacher of a particular educational institution has its own distinctive set of roles that connects it with the holders of correlative statuses - other teachers, students, director, laboratory assistants, officials of the Ministry of Education, members of professional associations, i.e. with those who are somehow related to the professional activities of the teacher. In this regard, in sociology, the concepts of "role set" and "multiple roles" are distinguished. The latter concept refers to the various social statuses (a set of statuses) that an individual has. The concept of "role set" denotes only those roles that act as dynamic aspects of only a given social status.
Behavior is a form of interaction of an organism with the environment, the source of which is needs. Human behavior differs from the behavior of animals in its social conditioning, awareness, activity, creativity and is goal-setting, arbitrary.
Structure of social behavior:
1) behavioral act - a single manifestation of activity, its element;
2) social actions - actions performed by individuals or social groups that are of public importance and involve socially determined motivation, intentions, attitudes;
3) an act is a conscious action of a person who understands its social significance and is performed in accordance with the accepted intention;
4) act - a set of actions of a person for which he is responsible.
Types of social behavior of the individual:
1) according to the system of public relations:
a) production behavior (labor, professional);
b) economic behavior (consumer behavior, distributive behavior, behavior in the sphere of exchange, entrepreneurial, investment, etc.);
c) socio-political behavior (political activity, behavior towards authorities, bureaucratic behavior, electoral behavior, etc.);
d) legal behavior (law-abiding, illegal, deviant, deviant, criminal);
e) moral behavior (ethical, moral, immoral, immoral behavior, etc.);
f) religious behavior;
2) by the time of implementation:
› impulsive;
› variable;
› long-term implementation.
The subjects of the regulation of the social behavior of the individual are society, small groups and the individual himself.
social status
The social status (from Latin status - position, state) of a person is the position of a person in society, which he occupies in accordance with his age, gender, origin, profession, marital status.
Social status is a certain position in the social structure of a group or society, associated with other positions through a system of rights and obligations.
Sociologists distinguish several varieties of social statuses.:
1) Statuses determined by the position of the individual in the group - personal and social.
Personal status is the position of a person that he occupies in the so-called small, or primary, group, depending on how his individual qualities are evaluated in it.
On the other hand, in the process of interaction with other individuals, each person performs certain social functions that determine his social status.
2) Statuses determined by the time frame, the impact on the life of the individual as a whole - the main and non-main (episodic).
The main status determines the main thing in a person's life (most often it is the status associated with the main place of work and family, for example, a good family man and an irreplaceable worker).
Episodic (non-basic) social statuses affect the details of a person's behavior (for example, a pedestrian, a passenger, a passer-by, a patient, a participant in a demonstration or strike, a reader, a listener, a TV viewer, etc.).
3) Statuses acquired or not acquired as a result of free choice.
Prescribed (assigned) status - a social position that is pre-assigned to an individual by society, regardless of the merits of the individual (for example, nationality, place of birth, social origin, etc.).
Mixed status has the features of a prescribed and achieved status (a person who has become disabled, the title of an academician, an Olympic champion, etc.).
Achieved (acquired) is acquired as a result of free choice, personal efforts and is under the control of a person (education, profession, material wealth, business connections, etc.).
In any society, there is a certain hierarchy of statuses, which is the basis of its stratification. Certain statuses are prestigious, others are vice versa. This hierarchy formed under the influence of two factors:
a) the real usefulness of those social functions that a person performs;
b) the system of values characteristic of a given society.
If the prestige of any statuses is unreasonably high or, on the contrary, underestimated, it is usually said that there is a loss of status balance. A society in which there is a similar tendency to lose this balance is unable to ensure its normal functioning.
Prestige is an assessment by society of the social significance of a particular status, enshrined in culture and public opinion.
Each individual can have a large number of statuses. The social status of the individual primarily affects its behavior. Knowing the social status of a person, one can easily determine most of the qualities that he possesses, as well as predict the actions that he will carry out. Such expected behavior of a person, associated with the status that he has, is commonly called a social role.
social role It is a status oriented behavior pattern.
A social role is a pattern of behavior recognized as appropriate for people of a given status in a given society.
Roles are determined by people's expectations (for example, the notion that parents should take care of their children, that an employee should conscientiously carry out the work entrusted to him, has taken root in the public mind). But each person, depending on specific circumstances, accumulated life experience and other factors, fulfills a social role in his own way.
Applying for this status, a person must fulfill all the role requirements assigned to this social position. Each person has not one, but a whole set of social roles that he plays in society. The totality of all human roles in society is called a role system or role set.
Role set (role system)
Role set - a set of roles (role complex) associated with one status.
Each role in the role set requires a specific manner of behavior and communication with people and is thus a collection of relationships unlike any other. In the role set, one can single out the main (typical) and situational social roles.
Examples of basic social roles:
1) a worker;
2) owner;
3) consumer;
4) a citizen;
5) family member (husband, wife, son, daughter).
Social roles can be institutionalized and conventional.
Institutionalized roles: the institution of marriage, family (social roles of mother, daughter, wife).
Conventional roles are accepted by agreement (a person may refuse to accept them).
Social roles are associated with social status, profession or type of activity (teacher, pupil, student, seller).
A man and a woman are also social roles, biologically predetermined and involving specific ways of behavior, fixed by social norms or customs.
Interpersonal roles are associated with interpersonal relationships that are regulated on an emotional level (leader, offended, family idol, loved one, etc.).
Role behavior
From a social role as a model of behavior, one should distinguish real role behavior, which means not socially expected, but the actual behavior of the performer of a particular role. And here much depends on the personal qualities of the individual, on the degree of assimilation of social norms by him, on his beliefs, attitudes, and value orientations.
Factors that determine the process of implementing social roles:
1) the biopsychological capabilities of a person that may contribute to or hinder the performance of a particular social role;
2) the nature of the role adopted in the group and the features of social control, designed to monitor the implementation of role behavior;
3) a personal pattern that determines the set of behavioral characteristics necessary for the successful fulfillment of the role;
4) the structure of the group, its cohesion and the degree of identification of the individual with the group.
In the process of implementing social roles, certain difficulties may arise associated with the need for a person to perform many roles in various situations → in some cases, a mismatch of social roles, the emergence of contradictions and conflict relations between them.
Any social role, according to T. Parsons, can be described using five main characteristics:
level of emotionality - some roles are emotionally restrained, others are relaxed;
method of obtaining - prescribed or achieved;
the scale of manifestation - strictly limited or blurry;
the degree of formalization - strictly established or arbitrary;
motivation - for the general profit or for personal benefit.
The topic of personal growth is very popular right now. A lot of different trainings and methods of personality development have been created. It is expensive, and the efficiency is catastrophically low, it is difficult to find a qualified specialist.
Let's break down the concepts to avoid wandering around in search of the most effective way to become more successful. The process of personal development includes the development of social roles and communication skills(creation, maintenance and development of quality relationships).
It is through various social roles that personality manifests itself and develops. Learning a new role can change your life dramatically. The successful implementation of the main social roles for a person creates a feeling of happiness and well-being. The more social roles a person is able to play, the better he is adapted to life, the more successful he is. After all, happy people have a good family, successfully cope with their professional duties. Take an active and conscious part in the life of society. Friendly companies, hobbies and hobbies greatly enrich a person's life, but cannot compensate for failures in the implementation of significant social roles for him.
The lack of implementation of significant social roles, misunderstanding or their inadequate interpretation creates a feeling of guilt in a person’s life, low self-esteem, a feeling of loss, self-doubt, meaninglessness of life.
Observing and mastering social roles, a person learns the standards of behavior, learns to evaluate himself from the outside, to exercise self-control.
social role
- this is a model of human behavior, objectively given by the position of the individual in the system of social and personal relations.
Let's just say that society has a certain faceless pattern of expected behavior, within which something is considered acceptable, and something that goes beyond the norm. Thanks to this standard, quite predictable behavior is expected from the performer of a social role, which others can be guided by.
This predictability allows you to maintain and develop interaction. A person's consistent fulfillment of his social roles creates orderliness in everyday life.
The family man plays the roles of son, husband, father, brother. At work, he can simultaneously be an engineer, a foreman of a production site, a trade union member, a boss and a subordinate. In social life: as a passenger, driver of a personal car, pedestrian, customer, client, patient, neighbor, citizen, philanthropist, friend, hunter, traveler, etc.
Of course, not all social roles are equivalent for society and equal for the individual. Family, professional and socio-political roles should be singled out as significant.
What social roles are important to you?
In the family: husband / wife; father mother; son daughter?
In profession and career: a conscientious employee, an expert and a specialist in his field, a manager or an entrepreneur, a boss or a business owner?
In the socio-political sphere: member of a political party/charitable foundation/church, non-partisan atheist?
What social role would your life be incomplete without?
Wife, mother, business woman?
Every social role has meaning and significance.
In order for a society to function and develop normally, it is important that all its members master and fulfill social roles. Since patterns of behavior are laid down and passed down from generation to generation in the family, let's look at family roles.
According to the study, the bulk of men marry in order to have a permanent partner for sex and entertainment. In addition, a wife for a man is an attribute of success that maintains his status. Hence, the meaning of the social role of the wife in sharing the hobbies and interests of her husband, in order to look worthy at any age and in any period of life. If a man does not receive sexual satisfaction in marriage, he will have to look for a different meaning of marital relations.
The social role of the mother provides for the care of the child: health, nutrition, clothing, home comfort and education of a full-fledged member of society. Often women in marriage substitute the role of a wife for the role of a mother, and then wonder why the relationship is destroyed.
The social role of the father is to ensure the protection and safety of their children, to be the highest authority in children's assessment of their actions, in the skills of maintaining a hierarchy.
The task of parents, both father and mother- during the time of growing up, to help the child form a personality capable of living and creating results in his life on his own. To instill moral and spiritual norms, the foundations of self-development and stress resistance, to lay healthy models of relationships in the family and society.
Sociological research claims that the majority of women marry in order to have the status of a married woman, a reliable rear for raising children in a full-fledged family. She expects from her husband admiration and openness in relationships. Hence, husband's social role in having a legal marriage with a woman, taking care of a wife, participating in the upbringing of children throughout the period of their growing up.
Social roles of adult daughters or sons imply independent (financially independent) life from parents. In our society, it is believed that children should take care of their parents at a time when they become helpless.
The social role is not a rigid model of behavior.
People perceive and perform their roles differently. If a person perceives a social role as a rigid mask, the stereotypes of behavior of which he is forced to obey, he literally breaks his personality and life turns into hell for him. Therefore, as in the theater, there is only one role, and each performer gives it its own original features. For example, a research scientist is required to adhere to the provisions and methods established by science and at the same time create and justify new ideas; A good surgeon is not only the one who performs conventional operations well, but also the one who can go for an unconventional solution, saving the patient's life. Thus, the initiative and the author's style is an integral part of the fulfillment of a social role.
Every social role has a prescribed set of rights and responsibilities.
Duty is what a person does based on the norms of a social role, regardless of whether he likes it or not. Since duties are always accompanied by rights, fulfilling their duties in accordance with their social role, a person has the right to present his requirements to the interaction partner. If there are no obligations in a relationship, then there are no rights. Rights and obligations are like two sides of the same coin - one is impossible without the other. The harmony of rights and obligations presupposes the optimal fulfillment of a social role. Any imbalance in this ratio indicates a poor-quality assimilation of the social role. For example, often in cohabitation (the so-called civil marriage), a conflict arises at the moment when the requirements of the social role of the spouse are presented to the partner.
Conflicts in the performance of social roles and, consequently, psychological problems.
- Each person has an author's performance of generally accepted social roles. It is not possible to achieve complete agreement between a given standard and personal interpretation. Proper fulfillment of the requirements associated with a social role is ensured by a system of social sanctions. Often fear of not meeting expectations leads to self-condemnation: “I am a bad mother, a worthless wife, a disgusting daughter” ...
- Personal-role conflict arises if the requirements of a social role contradict the life aspirations of the individual. For example, the role of a boss requires strong-willed qualities, energy, and the ability to communicate with people in different, including critical, situations from a person. If a specialist lacks these qualities, he cannot cope with his role. The people on this occasion say: "Not for Senka hat."
- When a person has several social roles with mutually exclusive requirements or he does not have the opportunity to fulfill his roles in full, there is role conflict. At the heart of this conflict lies the illusion that "the impossible is possible." For example, a woman wants to be an ideal housewife and mother, while successfully managing a large corporation.
- If different requirements are imposed on the performance of one role by different representatives of a social group, there is intra-role conflict. For example, a husband believes that his wife should work, and his mother believes that his wife should stay at home, raise children, and do housework. At the same time, the woman herself thinks that it is important for her wife to develop creatively and spiritually. Staying inside the role conflict leads to the destruction of the personality.
- Having matured, a person actively enters into the life of society, striving to take his place in it, to satisfy personal needs and interests. The relationship between the individual and society can be described by the formula: society offers, the individual seeks, chooses his place, trying to realize his interests. At the same time, she shows, proves to society that she is in her place and will perform her assigned role well. The inability to choose a suitable social role for oneself leads to a refusal to perform any social functions - to self-elimination .
- For men, such a psychological trauma is fraught with a reluctance to have a wife and children, a refusal to protect their interests; self-affirmation due to the humiliation of the defenseless, a tendency to a passive lifestyle, narcissism and irresponsibility.
- For women, the unfulfillment of certain social roles leads to uncontrolled aggression not only towards others, but also towards themselves and their children, up to the rejection of motherhood.
What to do to avoid problems?
- Determine for yourself the SIGNIFICANT social roles and how to update them.
- Describe the model of behavior in this social role, based on the meaning and significance of this role.
- State your system of ideas about how to behave in a given social role.
- Describe the perception of people significant to you about this social role.
- Assess the actual behavior, find the discrepancy.
- Adjust your behavior so that your boundaries are not violated and your needs are met.
The social role is a socially necessary type of social activity and a method of individual behavior. The concept of a social role was first proposed by American sociologists Mead and Linton back in the thirties of the last century.
The main types of social roles
The variety of social groups and relations in their groups, as well as types of activities, became the basis for the classification of social statuses. Currently, there are types of social roles, such as: formal, interpersonal and socio-demographic. Formal social roles are related to the position that a person occupies in society. This refers to his occupation and profession. But interpersonal roles are directly related to different types of relationships. This category usually includes favorites, outcasts, leaders. As for socio-demographic roles, these are husband, son, sister, etc.
Characteristics of social roles
The American sociologist Talcott Parsons identified the main characteristics of social roles. These include: scale, method of obtaining, emotionality, motivation and formalization. As a rule, the scale of the role is determined by the range of interpersonal relationships. There is a directly proportional relationship here. For example, the social roles of husband and wife are very significant because a wide range of relationships are established between them.
If we talk about the method of obtaining a role, it depends on the inevitability of this role for the individual. Thus, the roles of a young man or an old man do not require any effort to acquire them. They are determined by the age of the person. And other social roles can be won during life when certain conditions are met.
Social roles can also differ in terms of emotionality. Each role has its own expression of emotions. Also, some roles involve the establishment of formal relationships between people, others - informal, and still others can combine those and other relationships.
Motivation depends on the needs and motives of a person. Different social roles may be due to certain motives. For example, when parents take care of their child, they are guided by a sense of care and love for him. The leader works for the benefit of some enterprise. It is also known that all social roles can be subject to public evaluation.
social role
Social role- a model of human behavior, objectively set by the social position of the individual in the system of social, public and personal relations. A social role is not something outwardly associated with social status, but an expression in action of the agent's social position. In other words, a social role is "the behavior that is expected of a person holding a certain status".
History of the term
The concept of "social role" was proposed independently by American sociologists R. Linton and J. Mead in the 1930s, and the first interpreted the concept of "social role" as a unit of social structure, described in the form of a system of norms given to a person, the second - in terms of direct interaction between people, a “role-playing game”, during which, due to the fact that a person imagines himself in the role of another, social norms are assimilated and the social is formed in the individual. Linton's definition of "social role" as a "dynamic aspect of status" was entrenched in structural functionalism and was developed by T. Parsons, A. Radcliffe-Brown, R. Merton. Mead's ideas were developed in interactionist sociology and psychology. With all the differences, both of these approaches are united by the idea of a “social role” as a key point at which the individual and society merge, individual behavior turns into social, and the individual properties and inclinations of people are compared with the normative settings that exist in society, depending on what happens. selection of people for certain social roles. Of course, in reality, role expectations are never unambiguous. In addition, a person often finds himself in a situation of role conflict, when his different "social roles" turn out to be poorly compatible. Modern society requires the individual to constantly change the model of behavior to perform specific roles. In this regard, such neo-Marxists and neo-Freudians as T. Adorno, K. Horney and others made a paradoxical conclusion in their works: the “normal” personality of modern society is a neurotic. Moreover, role conflicts that arise in situations where an individual is required to simultaneously perform several roles with conflicting requirements have become widespread in modern society. Irving Hoffman, in his studies of interaction rituals, accepting and developing the basic theatrical metaphor, paid attention not so much to role instructions and passive adherence to them, but to the processes of active construction and maintenance of the “appearance” in the course of communication, to areas of uncertainty and ambiguity in interaction , mistakes in the behavior of partners.
Concept definition
social role- a dynamic characteristic of a social position, expressed in a set of behaviors that are consistent with social expectations (role expectations) and are set by special norms (social prescriptions) addressed from the corresponding group (or several groups) to the owner of a certain social position. The holders of a social position expect that the fulfillment of special prescriptions (norms) results in regular and therefore predictable behavior, on which the behavior of other people can be guided. Thanks to this, regular and continuously planned social interaction (communicative interaction) is possible.
Types of social roles
The types of social roles are determined by the variety of social groups, activities and relationships in which the individual is included. Depending on social relations, social and interpersonal social roles are distinguished.
In life, in interpersonal relations, each person acts in some kind of dominant social role, a kind of social role as the most typical individual image familiar to others. It is extremely difficult to change the habitual image both for the person himself and for the perception of the people around him. The longer the group exists, the more familiar the dominant social roles of each member of the group become for others and the more difficult it is to change the stereotype of behavior familiar to others.
Characteristics of a social role
The main characteristics of the social role are highlighted by the American sociologist Talcott Parsons. He proposed the following four characteristics of any role:
- Scale. Some roles may be strictly limited, while others may be blurred.
- By way of getting. Roles are divided into prescribed and conquered (they are also called achieved).
- According to the degree of formalization. Activities can proceed both within strictly established limits, and arbitrarily.
- By type of motivation. The motivation can be personal profit, public good, etc.
Role Scale depends on the range of interpersonal relationships. The larger the range, the larger the scale. So, for example, the social roles of spouses have a very large scale, since a wide range of relationships is established between husband and wife. On the one hand, these are interpersonal relationships based on a variety of feelings and emotions; on the other hand, relations are regulated by normative acts and in a certain sense are formal. The participants in this social interaction are interested in the most diverse aspects of each other's lives, their relationships are practically unlimited. In other cases, when the relationship is strictly defined by social roles (for example, the relationship of the seller and the buyer), the interaction can be carried out only on a specific occasion (in this case, purchases). Here the scope of the role is reduced to a narrow range of specific issues and is small.
How to get a role depends on how inevitable the given role is for the person. So, the roles of a young man, an old man, a man, a woman are automatically determined by the age and sex of a person and do not require much effort to acquire them. There can only be a problem of matching one's role, which already exists as a given. Other roles are achieved or even won in the course of a person's life and as a result of purposeful special efforts. For example, the role of a student, researcher, professor, etc. These are almost all roles associated with the profession and any achievements of a person.
Formalization as a descriptive characteristic of a social role is determined by the specifics of interpersonal relations of the bearer of this role. Some roles involve the establishment of only formal relations between people with strict regulation of the rules of conduct; others, on the contrary, are only informal; still others may combine both formal and informal relationships. Obviously, the relationship of a traffic police representative with a violator of traffic rules should be determined by formal rules, and relationships between close people should be determined by feelings. Formal relationships are often accompanied by informal ones, in which emotionality is manifested, because a person, perceiving and evaluating another, shows sympathy or antipathy towards him. This happens when people interact for a while and the relationship becomes relatively stable.
Motivation depends on the needs and motives of the person. Different roles are due to different motives. Parents, caring for the welfare of their child, are guided primarily by a feeling of love and care; the leader works in the name of the cause, etc.
Role conflicts
Role conflicts arise when the duties of the role are not fulfilled due to subjective reasons (unwillingness, inability).
see also
Bibliography
- "Games that people play" E. Bern
Notes
Links
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .
See what "Social role" is in other dictionaries:
A normatively approved, relatively stable pattern of behavior (including actions, thoughts and feelings) reproduced by an individual depending on social status or position in society. The concept of "role" was introduced independently of each other ... ... The latest philosophical dictionary
A stereotypical model of human behavior, objectively set by the social position of the individual in the system of social or personal relations. The role is defined by: title; the position of the individual; the function performed in the system of social relations; And… … Glossary of business terms
social role- socialinis vaidmuo statusas T sritis švietimas apibrėžtis Žmogaus elgesio būdų visuma, būdinga kuriai nors veiklos sričiai. Visuomeninis individo statusas (užimama vieta, pareigos ir atsakomybė) sukelia lūkestį, kad vaidmuo bus atliktas pagal… … Enciklopedinis edukologijos žodynas
social role- socialinis vaidmuo statusas T sritis Kūno kultūra ir sportas apibrėžtis Laikymasis normų, nustatančių, kaip turi elgtis tam tikros socialinės padėties žmogus. atitikmenys: engl. social role mode vok. sociale Rolle, f rus. Role; social role … Sporto terminų žodynas
social role- socialinis vaidmuo statusas T sritis Kūno kultūra ir sportas apibrėžtis Socialinio elgesio modelis, tam tikras elgesio pavyzdys, kurio tikimasi iš atitinkamą socialinę padėtį užimančio žmogaus. atitikmenys: engl. social role mode vok. soziale… … Sporto terminų žodynas
social role- (see Social role) ... human ecology
social role- A normatively approved by society image of behavior expected from everyone occupying a given social position. Social roles typical for a given society are acquired by a person in the process of his socialization. S.r. directly related to... Dictionary of sociolinguistic terms
