The ground forces are the largest and most diverse type of combat force, which was created to repel an enemy attack and to protect the national one. It is considered the largest and largest among other troops. Probably every modern person thinks that in the current age of technology, the infantry is not as important as it used to be.
But, unfortunately, or fortunately, this is not the case at all. Since ancient times, it was believed that as long as the foot of a stranger did not set foot on the expanses of the state, it would be free. This rule exists in our time, so the ground forces remain the most popular types of armed forces. It is they who will have to fight back in the event of an attack.
The ground forces include: tank, motorized rifle, artillery, air defense. Formations and associations of such troops are the basis of military circles. The military circle is responsible for a certain territory, which is assigned. The basis is motorized rifle - the core of battle formations. They are equipped with powerful weapons: mortars, artillery, anti-tank missiles, tanks, anti-aircraft and missile systems. The ground forces of the Russian Federation have passed the first stage of reform. An organizational and rational structure has been created, the number and combat strength have been brought back to normal. The ground forces are preparing for the second stage of the reform: it will be aimed at improving the organizational structure, the possibility of fire damage, the quality of operational training of troops and staffs.
In 2005, the organizational structure was optimized. The ground forces have undergone the following changes: the training network, which is responsible for the training of junior specialists, has been reduced. The number of staff was reduced to the necessary minimum. The same is planned for this year. The formation of two brigades has already begun, which should be deployed in the North Caucasus Military District. 12.8 billion were allocated for their formation. The construction of training grounds and camps is being intensively carried out, which are intended for training young fighters. Reforming all the ground forces of Russia is the main task.
It is far from a secret that until quite recently all professionals were conscripts who, after serving for six months, entered into an agreement with the Ministry of Defense. In this regard, nothing has changed, the soldiers will serve not for 2 years, but for 3, and then they will go home. Few decide on a second term.
It was originally created for adults and experienced people who want to continue military service. Mostly they are men over 30 who have a family. So far, this problem is not so acute, there is another - social. Unfortunately, there are only a few such people in the army. The problem is that the executive stage coincides with the preparatory one. That is, only after the recruitment of citizens under the contract, the construction of housing for them begins. After the entry into force of the contract, they do not receive all the necessary conditions promised in the contract. All this is still being developed. There is more to strive for!
The ground forces are the backbone of the army of any country in the world, and the Russian army is no exception. The ground forces of the Russian Federation are one of the three main types of troops of the Armed Forces of Russia, their main task is to conduct combat operations on land.
Ground troops are the most ancient type of troops. In Russia, their history begins in the 13th century. The Day of the Ground Forces in our country is celebrated on October 1. This date was by no means chosen by chance: it was on October 1, 1550 that Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible issued a decree on the creation of a regular army from among selected servicemen. Therefore, in 2006, by decision of the President of the Russian Federation, the holiday "Day of the Ground Forces" was established on this day. Every year on October 1, Russians pay tribute to the memory of the soldiers who died defending the Fatherland.
Land forces of the Russian Federation: structure and strength
The ground forces of the Russian Federation for 2018 had a strength of about 300 thousand people. O. L. Salyukov has been the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces since 2014.
The goals and objectives of the Ground Forces can be divided into three groups:
- in peacetime;
- in a threatened environment;
- during the war.
In peacetime, the Ground Forces are obliged to maintain a high level of combat training, to ensure constant readiness for operational and mobilization deployment, and to create a reserve of weapons, ammunition and military equipment in case of war. Ground forces in peacetime participate in peacekeeping missions.
In a threatening period, the Ground Forces increase their numbers, provide conditions for rapid deployment, prepare military equipment and weapons for a future conflict, carry out defensive measures, and increase the training of manpower reserves.
In wartime, the deployment of the Ground Forces takes place, the main task during this period is to repel the aggression of the enemy and defeat him.
The Ground Forces includes several types of troops:
- motorized rifle;
- tank;
- rocket troops and artillery;
- Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces;
- special troops.
Each of the above types of troops has its own structure.
The ground forces of the Russian Federation are divided into four districts. The territorial structure of the NE of Russia is as follows:
- western military district (two armies with headquarters in St. Petersburg and Voronezh);
- the central military district (two armies with headquarters in Samara and Novosibirsk);
- southern military district (two armies with headquarters in Stavropol and Vladikavkaz);
- eastern military district (it includes four armies, headquarters are located in Ulan-Ude, Belogorsk, Chita and Ussuriysk).
Armies consist of divisions, brigades, regiments, battalions, companies and platoons.
The ground forces of the Russian Federation can be divided into three components. The first group includes command and control bodies (headquarters) and communications, military units of constant readiness, which can perform limited tasks even in peacetime. Special attention is paid to such units in terms of manning (mainly contract soldiers), military equipment and weapons.
The second component includes parts of the reduced composition, which can perform limited tasks in peacetime conditions. In wartime conditions, such units should become the basis for the deployment of the army.
The third component includes strategic reserves.
Such a structure of the Ground Forces is optimal, since it allows saving state funds, while constantly having forces sufficient for use in local conflicts.
Military-industrial complex
Before proceeding to the description of the military branches, a few words should be said about the Russian military industry, in relation to the needs of the Ground Forces.
Russia inherited from the USSR a powerful military-industrial complex capable of fully satisfying the needs of the domestic armed forces. Moreover, the Russian Federation is one of the largest players in the arms market, and most of the domestic products sold on world markets are military equipment and weapons for the ground forces.
The Russian military-industrial complex fully meets the needs of the Ground Forces in small arms and ammunition for them, armored vehicles (armored personnel carriers, infantry fighting vehicles, tanks and other combat vehicles), artillery weapons and rocketry. This list goes on.
There are dozens of design bureaus and production associations in Russia that develop, test, produce and modernize military equipment and weapons.
Most of the weapons that are currently used in the Russian Ground Forces were developed back in Soviet times. However, in the past few years, an active modernization of the armed forces, including the Ground Forces, has been carried out.
The backbone of the Russian Ground Forces is motorized rifle troops. This branch of the military appeared in 1963. The main feature of motorized rifle troops is their high level of mobility and firepower.
The motorized rifle troops of Russia are equipped with both Soviet-made weapons and modern types of equipment created in recent years. This allows them to effectively hit any kind of targets.
In motorized rifle troops, in addition to the main units, there are tank, anti-aircraft, artillery, anti-tank units. There are also special-purpose units that can perform various tasks, including logistics, as well as deep reconnaissance behind enemy lines. All of the above significantly increases the firepower of this type of troops.
The main advantage of motorized rifle troops is their high mobility, which allows motorized riflemen to quickly switch from one type of combat operations to another and ensures their extreme tactical versatility. Motorized rifle units can alternate maneuver and strike, quickly concentrate in the right place and disperse if necessary.
Today, Russian motorized rifle units are armed with modern small arms, infantry fighting vehicles (BMP-1, BMP-2, BMP-3), armored personnel carriers (BTR-70, BTR-80, BTR-90), are fully provided with road transport, including its latest designs. Motorized rifle units are armed with reconnaissance vehicles, anti-tank and anti-aircraft systems (both portable and self-propelled) and other types of weapons.
The motorized rifle troops of Russia participated in the civil war in Tajikistan on the side of government troops, and were the backbone of the federal forces during the Chechen campaigns. Motorized rifle formations took part in the war in Georgia in 2008.
Currently, a new line of armored vehicles is being developed specifically for the Ground Forces on the Kurganets universal base, which they plan to put into production in the near future.
According to modern military doctrine, tank troops are the main striking force of the Ground Forces. Russia inherited powerful tank forces and several powerful tank building centers from the USSR. Back in 2005, the Russian army was armed with 23,000 tanks of various types and modifications. Gradually, they were removed from service, in 2009, only 2,000 vehicles officially remained in service.
The main task facing the country's military leadership in the first decade of this century was the modernization of the tank fleet inherited from the Soviet Union. One of the priority tasks for the development of tank troops in the period from 2005 to 2010 was the arming of tank units with the latest T-90 vehicles.
In parallel, work was underway to create a new generation of combat vehicles. In 2011, they decided to stop purchasing old equipment and concentrate on the development of a new Armata combat platform.
According to the official website of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, today the Russian army is armed with T-72 tanks (various modifications), T-80 and T-90. In addition, a large number of tanks of old models are on conservation. According to some sources, there are about 8 thousand of them.
Recently, the latest Russian tank of the latest generation "Armata" was shown to the general public. Based on it, they plan to create a whole family of new combat vehicles. Currently, state tests of this technique are underway.
In addition to directly tank formations, the tank troops also include motorized rifle (mechanized), missile, artillery and anti-aircraft units. The tank units include engineering services, electronic warfare units, and vehicle units. They can be given attack and transport helicopters.
Tank troops combine high maneuverability and firepower, and are highly resistant to weapons of mass destruction.
Although the importance of tank troops has declined relatively in recent decades, they still remain the main striking force of the Ground Forces and will undoubtedly retain their importance in the coming decades.
Modern tanks are capable of overcoming water barriers, conducting active combat operations in the daytime and at night, and making rapid forced marches.
Every second of September, Russia celebrates the Day of the Tankman, remembering the invaluable merits of the armored forces in past wars and their significant role in strengthening the country's defense capability today.
Rocket troops and artillery
This type of troops also appeared in the early 60s of the last century. It consists of formations of operational-tactical missiles, formations of tactical missiles, large-caliber rocket artillery, as well as cannon, rocket and howitzer artillery. The missile troops include mortar units and artillery reconnaissance, supply and control units.
The military doctrine states that this type of troops is the main means of inflicting fire damage on the enemy in battle. Rockets and artillery can also use weapons of mass destruction.
Today, the Rocket Forces are armed with a large number of artillery and rocket weapons, mainly developed in the Soviet years.
The most well-known to the general public are multiple launch rocket systems (MLRS) "Grad", "Smerch", "Hurricane". They were used by Soviet troops during the Afghan war, went through both Chechen campaigns and proved to be a very reliable and effective type of weapon.
Of the new developments, one can name the Tornado MLRS and the Iskander operational missile system.
In recent decades, the role of combat aviation has increased significantly. Planes have become faster, stealthier and deadlier. That is why there was a need for a separate type of troops, whose task is to cover the ground forces during hostilities or on the march. The Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces also provide cover for military and civilian facilities in the near rear.
The air defense of the Ground Forces and the air defense, which protects the entire territory of the country, should not be confused - these are two different types of troops.
The task of the air defense of the Ground Forces is to detect enemy air assets against the troops being covered and to destroy them. In addition, the air defense forces are responsible for missile defense in their area of coverage.
October 1941 can be called the date of birth of the air defense of the Ground Forces, it was then that by the decision of the military command the entire air defense system was divided into front-line and general, whose task was to defend objects in the Soviet rear.
The Air Defense Forces of the Ground Forces are armed with anti-aircraft systems, which make it possible to deal with air targets at all ranges of heights and speeds.
Long-range air defense systems include various modifications of the S-300 complex, which have a range of destruction of air targets up to 100 km. Anti-aircraft systems operating at medium distances include modifications of the Buk and Kub complexes. The range of their destruction is about 30 km (for the latest Buk - 70 km), the height of interception of the latest modifications of the Buk exceeds 50 km.
A military conflict is not only a soldier with a weapon in a trench or behind the levers of a tank. Modern warfare is primarily a logistical challenge. In order for a fighter on the front line to fight and effectively destroy the enemy, he needs to provide a lot of things. And above all, deliver him to the battlefield himself.
Automobile, railway and road troops are directly involved in the transportation of personnel, military equipment and material resources.
Engineering troops are engaged in the construction of fortifications, overcoming water barriers, installation and clearance of minefields. As part of the engineering troops there are units of engineering intelligence.
RKhBZ are designed to eliminate the consequences of the use of weapons of mass destruction by the enemy. This type of troops is also used to eliminate the consequences of man-made disasters.
The pipeline troops are designed to lay main pipelines and supply the troops with fuel and lubricants. The task of these units is to supply a sufficient amount of fuel for tens and hundreds of kilometers.
The main task of the signal troops is to ensure coordination between various military units and structures. It is precisely the well-established communications that make it possible to promptly command troops, use various types of weapons in a timely manner, and avoid enemy retaliatory strikes.
20. Ground Forces - the most numerous type of the Armed Forces, are intended to repel strikes and defeat aggressor troops in various theaters of military operations and to hold
maimyh territories, districts, borders. They are armed with various types of military equipment, conventional and nuclear weapons and include motorized rifle, tank, airborne troops, missile troops and artillery, air defense troops, which are military branches, as well as special troops (formations and units - reconnaissance, engineering, chemical, communications, electronic warfare, technical support, topogeodetic, hydrometeorological) and rear.
21. Motorized rifle and tank troops, forming the basis of the Ground Forces, perform the following tasks: in defense, to hold the occupied areas, lines and positions, repel the blows of the aggressor and inflict defeat on his advancing troops; in the offensive - to break through the enemy's defenses, defeat the groupings of his defending troops, capture important areas, lines and facilities, pursue the retreating enemy, conduct oncoming battles and battles.
motorized troops, possessing high combat independence and versatility, they are capable of performing the specified tasks in various terrain conditions and in any weather, on the main or secondary directions, in the first or second echelon, as part of reserves, sea and air assault forces. Motorized rifle formations and units form the basis of motorized rifle troops. In addition, they include machine-gun and artillery formations and units.
Tank forces, constituting the main strike force of the Ground Forces and possessing great resistance to the damaging factors of nuclear weapons, they are used mainly in the main directions: in defense - mainly as part of the second echelons and reserves for delivering counterattacks (conducting counterattacks) and defeating an enemy that has penetrated, and when allocated to the first echelons - to strengthen the stability and activity of the defense; in the offensive, as a rule, as part of strike groups in the first and second echelons.
Motorized rifle and tank battalions are the main combined arms tactical units, and motorized rifle and tank companies are tactical units. They, interacting with each other, with subdivisions of artillery and other branches of the armed forces and special forces, perform the main task of directly destroying the enemy in close combat. A motorized rifle (tank) battalion usually consists of motorized rifle (tank) companies, communications, support units and a medical post & battalion. A motorized rifle battalion, in addition, may include a mortar (artillery) battery, anti-tank, grenade launcher, anti-aircraft, reconnaissance and other units. A motorized rifle (tank) company usually consists of motorized rifle (tank) platoons. A motorized rifle company, in addition, may also have an anti-tank squad in its composition.
22. Airborne Troops are a highly mobile branch of the Ground Forces and are intended to cover the enemy by air and perform tasks in his rear, both in defense and on the offensive, acting as airborne assault forces.
23. Rocket troops and artillery Ground forces are the main means of fire and nuclear destruction of the enemy.
The missile troops are intended to destroy nuclear and chemical attack weapons, ground elements of reconnaissance and strike complexes and other precision-guided weapons systems, the main groupings of enemy troops, aviation in its bases, air defense facilities and facilities, command posts, rear and other important enemy facilities on the entire depth of its operational formation, remote mining of the terrain, and in coastal areas, in addition, to destroy the bases of the enemy fleet forces, destroy its warships and ships.
Artillery is intended to destroy nuclear and chemical attack weapons, high-precision weapons systems, artillery, tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, anti-tank and other fire weapons, manpower, helicopters on the sites, air defense equipment, command posts, electronic equipment, destruction of enemy fortifications, remote mining of the terrain, light
providing, setting aerosol (smoke) screens and performing other tasks.
Artillery subunits carry out fire missions from closed firing positions or direct fire. Direct fire from individual guns, platoons and batteries is used to destroy tanks and other armored vehicles, as well as enemy anti-tank weapons.
Battalion artillery and artillery subunits assigned to a battalion (company) may independently use the following fire types: fire on an individual target, concentrated fire, fixed and mobile barrage fire, as well as to be involved in massed fire, sequential concentration of fire, barrage and barrage fire as part of artillery groups or jointly with them.
Fire at an individual target (group or single) - fire from a battery, platoon or gun (mortar, combat vehicle, anti-tank guided missile system), fired independently from a closed firing position or direct fire.
Concentrated fire - fire fired simultaneously by several batteries (divisions) at one target.
Fixed barrage fire - a continuous fire screen created in front of the front ai: skinny (counterattacking) protn "":.ka
Mobile barrage fire - a continuous fire curtain created in the path of enemy tanks and other armored vehicles and sequentially transferred to designated lines as the bulk of these vehicles leave the fire zone.
24. Air defense troops Ground forces are one of the main means of defeating an air enemy. They are intended for radar reconnaissance of an air enemy and alerting friendly troops about him, covering and protecting groupings of troops, command posts, airfields, rear and other objects from enemy air strikes, combating enemy aircraft, cruise, operational-tactical and tactical ballistic missiles, airborne assault forces in flight and air elements of reconnaissance and strike complexes.
The anti-aircraft unit attached to the battalion is intended to destroy an air enemy at extremely low and low altitudes. Being in the combat, pre-combat or marching order of the battalion, it fires at air targets on the move or from short stops, afloat, and in defense and when located in place, from prepared starting (firing) positions. In this case, the concentration and distribution of fire is used. Concentration of fire is carried out by several platoons, combat vehicles (installations) and anti-aircraft gunners
kami to destroy the most important group or single air targets. The distribution of fire is carried out for the simultaneous destruction of several air targets. In this case, each anti-aircraft gunner, combat vehicle (installation) or platoon is indicated with a separate target or group of targets.
25. Reconnaissance units and subunits designed to obtain information about the enemy and the terrain, as well as to perform special tasks.
Engineering Troops are intended to solve the problems of engineering support for the combat of units and subunits of the Ground Forces, as well as to inflict losses on the enemy using engineering ammunition.
Chemical troops are intended to solve the problems of chemical support for the combat of units and subunits of the Ground Forces, as well as to inflict losses on the enemy using incendiary weapons.
Signal Corps are intended for the deployment and operation of communication systems and ensuring command and control of troops in all types of their combat activities. They are also entrusted with the tasks of deploying and operating automation systems and means at control points and carrying out organizational and technical measures to ensure communications security.
Units and subdivisions of electronic warfare are intended to perform tasks of disorganizing command and control of troops
and enemy weapons by electronic suppression of communications, radar, radio navigation, radio control and optoelectronic means. In addition, they are used for electronic reconnaissance of the enemy, countering his technical means of reconnaissance and the implementation of complex technical control.
Connections, parts and subdivisions of technical support are intended for the maintenance and storage of operational-tactical and tactical missiles, anti-aircraft missiles, combat units for them, delivery and issuance of them to the troops and preparation for combat use; providing troops with weapons, equipment, ammunition, measuring instruments and military-technical property, storing and maintaining them in readiness for combat use; technical reconnaissance, evacuation, repair of damaged (faulty) weapons and equipment and their timely return to service.
Topographical units and subdivisions are intended to perform tasks on topographic and geodetic support of units and subunits of the Ground Forces.
Hydrometeorological units and divisions intended for hydrometeorological support of combat operations.
Formations, units and subunits of the rear intended for the rear support of troops. In terms of the scale and nature of the tasks performed, they belong to the operational or military rear.
The military rear includes units and subunits of material support with stocks of materiel, automobile, medical and other units and subunits of the rear, which are part of the formations, units and subunits of all types of troops and special forces. By affiliation, the military rear is subdivided into divisional, brigade, regimental, battalion and rear divisions.
Support division The battalion is intended for the maintenance and current repair of weapons and equipment of units, the maintenance and replenishment of missiles, ammunition, fuel and other materiel, their transportation to units and the provision of personnel with hot food.
Medical Center The battalion is intended to search for, remove (remove) the wounded from the battlefield, provide the wounded and sick with first aid (medical assistant) and prepare them for further evacuation.
Ground Forces - a type of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, designed to cover the state border, repel attacks from the aggressor, hold the occupied territory, defeat groupings of troops and capture enemy territory.
Ground Forces (SV), equipped with various types of military equipment and weapons, include military command and control bodies, motorized rifle, tank troops, missile troops and artillery, air defense troops (Air Defense), which are military branches, as well as special troops (formations and units intelligence, communications, engineering, nuclear-technical, technical support, automotive and rear security), military units and rear services, other military units, institutions, enterprises and organizations.
Motorized rifle troops designed to conduct combat operations independently and jointly with other branches of the armed forces and special forces. They are capable of operating under conditions of use of both conventional weapons and nuclear weapons.
Motorized rifle troops can break through the enemy's prepared defenses, develop an offensive at a high rate and to great depths, destroy the enemy together with other branches of the military, and consolidate and hold the occupied terrain.
Tank forces constitute the main striking force of the Ground Forces. They have great resistance to the damaging factors of nuclear weapons, they are used mainly in the main areas of defense and offensive.
Tank troops are capable of making fullest use of the results of fire strikes and achieving the final objectives of a battle and operation in a short time.
Rocket troops and artillery are the main means of nuclear and fire destruction of the enemy in front-line, army (corps) operations and combined arms combat.
The Rocket Forces of the Ground Forces include formations and military units of operational-tactical missiles of front-line and army subordination and tactical missiles of army and divisional subordination.
Artillery includes formations and military units of howitzer, cannon, rocket, anti-tank artillery, mortars, anti-tank guided missiles and artillery reconnaissance.
The Air Defense Troops of the Ground Forces (Air Defense Forces) are designed to cover a group of troops, facilities and their rear from enemy air strikes. They are capable of independently and in cooperation with the forces and means of the Air Force to destroy enemy aircraft and unmanned air attack vehicles, to fight enemy airborne assaults on their flight routes and during the drop, to conduct radar reconnaissance and notify troops of the threat of air attack.
Small arms of the Ground Forces
5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle AK74M- designed to destroy manpower and destroy enemy firepower. It has a standard mount (bar) for night aiming devices.
7.62 mm modernized machine gun Kalashnikov PKM- designed to destroy manpower and destroy enemy firepower. Mechanical sight, open type. Stems are interchangeable.
7.62 mm SVD Dragunov sniper rifle- designed to destroy various emerging, moving, open and camouflaged single targets.
The rifle kit includes a sniper optical sight, it can additionally be equipped with a night sight, which allows firing at dusk and at night. For hand-to-hand combat, a bayonet-knife is attached to the Dragunov rifle.
12.7 mm machine gun NSV-12.7- the machine gun is designed to deal with group targets, lightly armored vehicles, firing points and low-flying air targets. The trigger mechanism allows only automatic fire in short (4-6 shots), long (10-15 shots) bursts and continuously. The barrel is quick-change.
30-mm automatic mounted grenade launcher AGS-17 "Flame"- designed to defeat enemy manpower and firepower located outside shelters, in open trenches (trenches) and behind natural terrain folds (in hollows, ravines, on reverse slopes of heights).
The rifled barrel of the grenade launcher is quick-detachable.
The grenade launcher has a trigger mechanism that allows single and automatic continuous fire.
Shooting from the AGS-17 automatic grenade launcher is carried out along a flat or hinged trajectory in short bursts (up to 5 shots) and long bursts (up to 10 shots), as well as continuously.
The grenade launcher is equipped with an optical sight with a 2.7x magnification.
For firing, the AGS-17 is mounted on a tripod machine, which has sectoral mechanisms for horizontal and vertical guidance, a sleeve reflector, and a precise leveling mechanism.
9mm Makarov PM pistol- designed to defeat the enemy at short distances.
Armored weapons and equipment of the Ground Forces
Tank T-90S- is intended for manning tank and motorized rifle units and formations, as well as reconnaissance units and units of the Navy operating in the coastal zone, for successfully breaking through the enemy’s defenses, developing tactical success in operational and strategic operations, defeating the enemy after using nuclear strikes, increasing the scope of the operation and achieving goals in a relatively short time, as well as to increase the activity and stability of defense on a tactical and operational scale.
Armored personnel carrier BTR-90- designed to transport motorized rifle units to the battlefield, their fire support when dismounting, transporting weapons and military supplies to the battlefield.
The armored personnel carrier can be used as a base chassis for creating various models of weapons and military equipment of different branches of the armed forces.
Infantry fighting vehicle BMP-3- designed to transport the personnel of units, defeat and suppress enemy tank-dangerous manpower, destroy its anti-tank and anti-personnel weapons, repel attacks by tanks, helicopters and low-flying aircraft.
Airborne combat vehicle BMD-3- designed to conduct combat operations as part of parachute and air assault units in all conditions of their combat use.
Rocket and artillery weapons of the Ground Forces
Tactical missile system "Tochka-U"- designed to defeat the most important targets in the tactical depth of the formation of enemy troops.
120-mm self-propelled gun "Nona-SVK"- is intended to destroy manpower located openly or in shelters, fire weapons, command and observation posts, armored objects of the enemy.
120-mm automated self-propelled gun "Vienna"- designed to destroy manpower located openly or in shelters, fire weapons, command and observation posts of battalions and companies, armored objects.
Radar complex "Zoo-1"- is intended for reconnaissance by shot (launch) of firing positions of firing mortars, artillery, multiple launch rocket systems, launching positions of tactical missiles and ensuring firing (launches) of their similar means.
152-mm self-propelled howitzer "MSTA-S"- designed to destroy artillery batteries, tanks and armored personnel carriers, destroy defensive structures, suppress control points, destroy enemy manpower and fire weapons.
conclusions
- Ground forces are designed to conduct combat operations primarily on land.
- In terms of their combat capabilities, the Ground Forces are capable of independently or in cooperation with other branches of the Armed Forces to conduct an offensive and repel an enemy invasion of the country.
- In its composition, the Ground Forces have various types of troops, special troops and services.
Questions
- What are the main types of troops that are part of the Ground Forces of the Russian Federation?
- What combat capabilities of motorized rifle and tank troops can you list?
- What are the main types of small arms the Ground Forces are equipped with?
- What examples of the use of the Ground Forces in peacekeeping operations can you give?
Tasks
- Prepare a brief report on the main types of weapons and military equipment of the Ground Forces (armored, rocket and artillery, equipment and weapons of the air defense troops and engineering troops).
- Using the special literature and the "Additional Materials" section, prepare a report on the engineering troops of the Ground Forces.
- Using historical literature, prepare a report on the topic "Small arms of the Ground Forces during the Great Patriotic War of 1941 - 1945."
- Write an essay about one of the famous Russian designers of small arms (Dragunov, Kalashnikov, Tokarev, Mosin, etc.).
Ground forces are the most significant types of troops in the country. Any armed conflict can be resolved through the combat capabilities of the ground forces exclusively or in their interaction with other armed forces of the state. They ensure national security and protect the country's national interests primarily on land.
Russia: land army, a bit of history
Throughout the long history of the existence of the state, the ground forces of Russia have played an important role, protecting its territorial integrity from numerous enemies.
The turning point in the development and creation of a regular Russian army was October 1, 1550, when Tsar Ivan the Terrible, by his decree, laid the foundation for the first permanent army, which had signs of a regular army. In November 1699, in his decree, Peter I mentions a recruiting system based on a territorial basis, which had a positive effect on the combat capability of Russian soldiers, which, in fact, was the beginning of the formation of a new army. The development of the ideas of Peter I led to the establishment in 1763 of a unified structure of infantry regiments, each of which included 12 companies, consisting of 2 Grenadian and 10 musketeers, consolidated into 2 battalions, and an artillery team.
The second half of the 18th century was marked by the appearance of divisions and corps in the ground forces. In 1768, the ground forces were divided into 8 divisions and 3 guard corps. Each division included three branches: infantry, cavalry and artillery. The most fruitful period in the construction of the SV was the period between the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars, when motorized mechanized troops were created, which played an important role in the fight against Nazi Germany. During the war, the technical equipment changed dramatically, the number of guns and mortars increased 3 times, tanks - 10 times, pistols and machine guns - 30 times.
In the post-war period, the ground forces of the Russian Federation improved and developed in accordance with scientific and technological progress, which led to the modernization of tanks, artillery, the emergence of armored personnel carriers and infantry fighting vehicles, helicopters, and anti-aircraft missile systems.
The structure of the Russian ground forces
To date, the Russian ground forces are organizationally divided into the following types:
The ground forces include platoons, companies, battalions, regiments, brigades, divisions, subordinate to the command of the army or directly to the district. The main provisions for conducting and preparing for combined arms combat are described in the charter. The first handwritten charter of the ground forces appeared in 1607, it described the basics of military construction, methods and methods of training troops, the order of movement and deployment of troops in the field of hostilities.
Leadership of the Russian Ground Forces
The task of leading the ground forces is entrusted to the High Command of the Ground Forces. The Commander-in-Chief of the SV was first formed in March 1946. Throughout its long history, the High Command has been disbanded more than once and has undergone many changes. The last change came in 1997 when the General Command was renamed to the General Directorate, which has the following tasks:
Prepares troops for combat operations;
Improves the structure and composition, optimizes the number;
Develops military theory and practice;
Develops and implements combat regulations, manuals, and methodological manuals in the training of troops;
Improves the operational and combat training of the SV together with other branches of the RF Armed Forces.
How are the RF SV equipped and armed?
The Russian ground forces have Russian or Soviet-made equipment at their disposal. It is represented by towed or self-propelled artillery (guns, howitzers, mortars, multiple launch rocket systems), tanks, armored personnel carriers, armored reconnaissance vehicles, infantry fighting vehicles and flamethrowers, self-propelled anti-tank guided missiles, air defense systems. Reconnaissance drones are also in service with the Russian ground forces.
Automatic and hand grenade launchers, rocket-propelled grenades and flamethrowers, portable anti-tank and anti-aircraft missiles, pistols, assault, sniper and heavy-caliber rifles, light, unified and heavy machine guns constitute small arms.
Insignia
Ground forces as insignia have shoulder straps, emblems on the corners of the collar, sleeve insignia. The functional purpose of shoulder straps differs in color. The small emblem, which looks like a flaming grenada against the background of crossed swords, is made of golden metal and is intended for everyday military uniforms, the khaki emblem is for field uniforms. A sleeve badge demonstrating belonging to a military unit, district or formation is located on the left sleeve near the shoulder.
The right sleeve of the uniform has a patch with the sign of the ground forces, type of troops or a sign of belonging to a unit, subdivision. The sleeve insignia of the SV is an image of a double-headed eagle in a round red shield with open wings, holding a silver sword in one paw and a flaming grenade in the other. The chest of the eagle is decorated with a shield topped with a crown. On the shield is a rider who strikes the dragon with a spear. The flaming grenada on the small emblem and in the paw of the eagle symbolizes the power of the NE, and the crossed swords are a common traditional symbol of armed struggle.
The goals of the ground forces in peacetime
In peacetime, the military ground forces:
Maintain the combat potential and training of personnel at a high level;
Provide readiness for operational and mobilization deployment;
Prepare command and control centers and units for conducting military and combat operations;
Create stockpiles of weapons, military equipment, materiel;
Participate in peacekeeping missions;
Participate in the elimination of the consequences of accidents, catastrophes, disasters.
The purpose of the ground forces in a threatening period
During such a period of time, the ground forces of the Russian Federation perform slightly different tasks:
Build up the composition and increase the combat and mobilization readiness of the troops;
Strengthen and increase the forces and means of combat duty and reconnaissance behind the maneuvers of the troops of the alleged enemy;
Groupings of troops are promptly deployed in threatened directions;
Participate in carrying out certain measures of territorial defense;
Prepare armaments and armed equipment for combat use, build up the base of logistics;
Cover the state borders of the state;
Prepare the first defensive operations.
Goals of the SV in wartime
Perform tasks in accordance with the strategic deployment plan of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
They stop possible military conflicts, repel enemy aggression with combat-ready groupings of troops.
Conduct defensive and counter-offensive operations together with other troops aimed at defeating the enemy.
Participate in the conduct of territorial defense.
The ground forces are a flexible, operational-strategic force with high firepower, mobility and security, capable of repelling enemy aggression due to a variety of weapons and methods of combat operations.
