In this article I publish excerpts from the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" for memorization in the 9th grade.

1. Tatyana's letter to Onegin (girls teach)
I am writing to you - what more?
What else can I say?
Now I know in your will
Punish me with contempt.
But you, to my unfortunate lot
Though a drop of pity keeping,
You won't leave me.
At first I wanted to be silent;
Believe me: my shame
You would never know
When I had hope
Rarely, at least once a week
To see you in our village
Just to hear your words
You say a word, and then
All think, think of one
And day and night until a new meeting.
But they say you are unsociable;
In the wilderness, in the village, everything is boring for you,
And we ... we do not shine with anything,
Even though you are welcome.

Why did you visit us?
In the wilderness of a forgotten village
I would never know you
I would not know bitter torment.
Souls of inexperienced excitement
Reconciled with time (who knows?),
By heart I would find a friend,
Would be a faithful wife
And a good mother.

Another! .. No, no one in the world
I wouldn't give my heart!
It is in the highest predestined council ...
That is the will of heaven: I am yours;
My whole life has been a pledge
Faithful goodbye to you;
I know you were sent to me by God
Until the grave you are my keeper ...
You appeared to me in dreams
Invisible, you were already sweet to me,
Your wonderful look tormented me,
Your voice resounded in my soul
For a long time... no, it was not a dream!
You just entered, I instantly found out
All numb, blazed
And in her thoughts she said: here he is!
Isn't it true? I heard you
You spoke to me in silence
When I helped the poor
Or comforted by prayer
The anguish of an agitated soul?
And at this very moment
Aren't you, sweet vision,
Flickered in the transparent darkness,
Crouched quietly to the headboard?
Is it not you, with joy and love,
Words of hope whispered to me?
Who are you, my guardian angel
Or an insidious tempter:
Resolve my doubts.
Maybe it's all empty
Deception of an inexperienced soul!
And something completely different is destined ...
But so be it! my fate
From now on, I give you
I shed tears in front of you
I beg your protection...
Imagine I'm here alone
Nobody understands me,
My mind is failing
And I must die silently.
I'm waiting for you: with a single look
Revive the hopes of your heart
Or break a heavy dream,
Alas, a well-deserved reproach!

I'm cumming! Scary to read...
I freeze with shame and fear ...
But your honor is my guarantee,
And I boldly entrust myself to her ...

2. Onegin's letter to Tatyana(boys teach)
I foresee everything: you will be offended
Sad mystery explanation.
What bitter contempt
Your proud look will portray!
What I want? for what purpose
Will I open my soul to you?
What evil fun
Maybe I'll give you a reason!

When I accidentally met you,
I notice a spark of tenderness in you,
I didn't dare believe her.
Habit sweet did not give way;
Your hateful freedom
I didn't want to lose.
Another thing tore us apart...
The unfortunate victim of the Lena fall ...
From everything that is dear to the heart,
Then I tore off my heart;
Alien to everyone, not bound by anything,
I thought: liberty and peace
replacement for happiness. My God!
How wrong I was, how punished!

No, every minute to see you,
Follow you everywhere
The smile of the mouth, the movement of the eyes
Catch with loving eyes
Listen to you for a long time, understand
Soul all your perfection,
Freeze before you in agony,
To turn pale and go out ... that's bliss!

And I am deprived of that: for you
I trudge around at random;
The day is dear to me, the hour is dear to me:
And I spend in vain boredom
Fate counted days.
And they are so painful.
I know: my age is already measured;
But for my life to last
I have to be sure in the morning
That I will see you in the afternoon ...

I'm afraid: in my humble prayer
Will see your stern gaze
Contemptible cunning ventures -
And I hear your angry reproach.
If only you knew how awful
Longing for love,
Blaze - and mind all the time
Subdue the excitement in the blood;
Want to hug your knees
And, sobbing, at your feet
Pour out prayers, confessions, penalties,
Everything, everything that could be expressed.
And meanwhile feigned coldness
Arm both speech and gaze,
Have a calm conversation
Look at you with a cheerful look! ..

But so be it: I'm on my own
Can't resist anymore;
Everything is decided: I'm in your will,
And surrender to my fate.

3. Fragments about nature (all students learn 1 fragment out of two)

Fragment No. 1
Already the sky was breathing in autumn,
The sun shone less
The day was getting shorter
Forests mysterious canopy
With a sad noise she was naked,
Fog fell on the fields
Noisy geese caravan
Stretched to the south: approaching
Pretty boring time;
November was already at the yard.

The dawn rises in a cold haze;
On the fields, the noise of work ceased;
With her hungry wolf
A wolf comes out on the road;
Feeling him, road horse
Snoring - and a cautious traveler
Rushing uphill at full speed;
Shepherd at dawn
Doesn't drive the cows out of the barn,
And at midday in a circle
They are not called by his horn;
Singing in the hut, maiden
Spins, and, winter friend of nights,
A splinter crackles in front of her.

And now the frosts are cracking
And silver in the fields...
(The reader is already waiting for the rhyme of the rose;
Here, take it quickly!)
Neater than fashionable parquet
The river shines, dressed in ice.
Boys joyful people
Skates cut the ice loudly;
On red paws a goose is heavy,
Having thought to swim in the bosom of the waters,
Steps carefully on the ice
Slides and falls; funny
Flickering, winding the first snow,
Stars falling on the shore.

Fragment No. 2
That year the autumn weather
Stood in the yard for a long time
Winter was waiting, nature was waiting.
Snow fell only in January
On the third night. Waking up early
Tatyana saw through the window
Whitewashed yard in the morning,
Curtains, roofs and fences,
Light patterns on glass
Trees in winter silver
Forty merry in the yard
And softly padded mountains
Winters are a brilliant carpet.
Everything is bright, everything is white around.

Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On firewood updates the path;
His horse, smelling snow,
Trotting somehow;
Reins fluffy exploding,
A remote wagon flies;
The coachman sits on the irradiation
In a sheepskin coat, in a red sash.
Here is a yard boy running,
Planting a bug in a sled,
Transforming himself into a horse;
The scoundrel already froze his finger:
It hurts and it's funny
And his mother threatens him through the window...

Plus this one:

Chased by spring rays,

There is already snow from the surrounding mountains
Escaped by muddy streams
To flooded meadows.
Nature's clear smile
Through a dream meets the morning of the year;
The skies are shining blue.
Still transparent, forests
As if they are turning green.
Bee for tribute in the field
Flies from the wax cell.
The valleys dry and dazzle;
The herds are noisy, and the nightingale
Already sang in the silence of the nights.

EXTRACTS FROM "ONEGIN'S JOURNEY"

Foreword by Pushkin

In the final text of the editions of 1833 and 1837. after forty-four author's notes, there is an author's commentary entitled "Excerpts from Onegin's Journey", in which Pushkin cites the first five verses of a stanza released from the eighth (subsequently) chapter, as well as stanzas and fragments of stanzas that describe Onegin's wanderings in Russia mentioned in Chap. 8, XIII:

The last chapter of "Eugene Onegin" was published separately, with the following preface:

“The omitted stanzas have repeatedly given rise to censure and ridicule (however, very fair and witty). The author frankly admits that he left out a whole chapter from his novel, in which Onegin's journey through Russia was described. It depended on him to signify this published chapter with dots or a number; but in order to avoid temptation, he decided to put instead of the ninth number the eighth over the last chapter of Eugene Onegin and sacrifice one of the final stanzas:

It's time: the pen of rest asks;

I wrote nine songs;

Brings joyful to the shore

My boat is the ninth wave -

Praise be to you, nine stones, and so on.

P. A. Katenin (whose fine poetic talent does not interfere with being a subtle critic) remarked to us that this exception, although it may be beneficial for readers, harms, however, the plan of the whole work; for through this the transition from Tatyana, a district young lady, to Tatyana, a noble lady, becomes too unexpected and inexplicable. - A remark incriminating an experienced artist. The author himself felt the justice of this, but decided to publish this chapter for reasons important to him, and not to the public. Some passages have been printed; we place them here, adding a few more stanzas to them.

Ch. 8, XLVIIIa, 1 It's time: the pen of rest asks.- I wonder if this stanza was actually completed? Or did Pushkin get stuck on the fifth verse, not finding a rhyme for "stones"? (Kamenes are Roman nymphs of the waters, corresponding to the Greek muses.) Treason? Change? knees?

The intonation of the first verse clearly picks up the final "it's time!" from the previous, XLVIII stanza. “It's time ... asks for peace” will be whimsically repeated in the poem addressed to his wife five years later “It's time, my friend, it's time! the heart asks for peace ”(see also, after commentary on XXXII, commentary on chapter 8. Onegin’s letter, verses 20-21).

Katenin in "Memoirs of Pushkin" describes his conversation with the poet about EO, which took place near St. Petersburg in a dacha located along the Peterhof road, on July 18, 1832, shortly after the release of the last chapter of the novel:

“Here I noticed a pass [“Onegin’s Travels”] for him and guessed that it contained an imitation of “Childe Harold”, probably condemned because the lower dignity of places and objects did not allow him to compare with Byron's model. Without saying a word to me, Pushkin put what I said in a footnote [to the full editions]."

Here the author of the memoirs makes a strange mistake. Pushkin does not mention his ludicrous remark about the "lower dignity of places and objects", but another, somewhat less trivial observation. The reverence that the poet felt for Katenin is truly inexplicable (217).

Extracts (including released stanzas)

At first, in 1827, having only stanzas about Odessa (composed in 1825), Pushkin was going to describe Onegin's wanderings in the seventh chapter, on which he was then working. In the stanza, which was supposed to follow XXIV (my designation is ch. 7, XXV alternative), he planned to leave Tatyana in thought over the Onegin books, and direct the hero himself in a completely different direction:

Killing an inexperienced friend

languishing<сельского>leisure

Oneg couldn't<ин> <перенесть>

8 <Решился он в кибитку сесть> —

<Раздался>loud bell,

The remote coachman whistled,

And our Onegin galloped

12 <Искать отраду жизни>boring -

On distant sides

Where I don't know for sure.

So, in January or February 1821, Onegin leaves his estate in a sledge wagon, probably to St. his travels.

Abandoning the idea of ​​dedicating the second half of the seventh chapter to Onegin's journey and replacing it with Tatyana's trip to Moscow, Pushkin decided to devote the entire next chapter to the hero's pilgrimage. By the autumn of 1830, it was completed, and on September 26 (this is described in more detail in the “History of Creation EO»; see my Preface) Pushkin outlines the general outline of the poem, which began on May 9, 1823:

Part one

Songs

First: Khandra

Second: Poet

Third: Young lady

Part two

Songs

Fourth: Village

Fifth: Name day

Sixth: Duel

Part three

Songs

Seventh: Moscow

Eighth. Wandering

Ninth: Great light

To this, over the next three weeks, he added at least eighteen stanzas of ch. 10 - "Decembrists".

During 1831 the structure of the novel changed. Pushkin removed "Wandering" as a separate chapter, removed the division into parts, "songs" made "chapters". Plan EO, prepared for printing in 1833, would look like this:

Chapters

First: Khandra

Second: Poet

Third: Young lady

Fourth: Wood

Fifth: Name day

Sixth: Duel

Seventh: Moscow

Eighth: Big light

Notes to "Eugene Onegin" (44)

Excerpts from "Onegin's Journey" (including explanations)

The complete original text of Onegin's Journey, in the form of, say, the Eighth Canto, does not exist. However, a large (in a purely quantitative sense) part of it has been restored. The first was probably stanza X of the final ch. 8. Obviously, a certain number of stanzas - from ten to twenty - have disappeared. It can be assumed that at first, in September 1830, the theme of the Decembrists was touched upon in separate stanzas of the Eighth Song: Wandering. It is also possible that Pushkin prudently omitted some political allusions. In 1853 Katenin wrote to Annenkov, the first competent publisher of Pushkin's writings. “I heard about the eighth chapter of Onegin from the deceased in 1832, that in addition to the Nizhny Novgorod Yarmonka and the Odessa pier, Eugene saw military settlements established by Arakcheev, and there were remarks, judgments, expressions too harsh for publication, and therefore he judged for it’s good to consign them to eternal oblivion and to throw out the whole chapter from the story together, without them it is too short and, as it were, impoverished” (218).

Onegin's Journey was based on Pushkin's impressions of his trip to the south in 1820 and his second trip to the Caucasus in the summer of 1829. The stanzas describing life in Odessa (from XX to the first verse XXIX) date back to the end of 1825 / March 19, 1827 they were anonymously published in the Moscow Bulletin (Part II, No. 6, pp. 113-118 ), under the heading "Odessa (from the seventh chapter of Eugene Onegin)". The remaining stanzas of the Journey were written by Pushkin upon his return from the Caucasus, in Moscow (October 2, 1829), at Pavlovsky, the estate of Pavel Wolf (in the second half of October 1829), and in Boldino (autumn 1830).

In a rough draft of the proposed "Introduction" to "Journey" - which was then still the eighth chapter, preceding the "grand monde", - Pushkin wrote:

“I wanted to completely destroy the eighth chapter and replace it with one Roman numeral, but I was afraid of criticism. In addition, many excerpts from it have already been printed. The thought that a playful parody could be mistaken for a disrespect to a great and sacred memory also held me back. No Cha<йльд>G<арольд>stands at such a height that, no matter what tone they talk about him, the thought of the possibility of insulting him could not be born in me.

Since there is nothing “joking” in the Journey (except, perhaps, lines about greasy oysters and about Odessa roads), and there is not the slightest resemblance to Harold’s pilgrimage, we can assume that the words about the frivolous parody were intended for the censor - in the hope that he will not study the text to the end.

I thought about translating the title as "Onegin's Pilgrimage" ("Onegin's Pilgrimage"), but came to the conclusion that this would sharply emphasize the similarity that Pushkin himself sought to avoid. Pichot translated Byron's "Pilgrimage" as "Pèlerinage." When Pushkin in 1836 (manuscript 2386B, l. 2) tried, using an English-French dictionary, to sketch a Russian version of the dedication to "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" ("Iante"), he translated the title as "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage" ( see Pushkin's Hand, p. 97). But the Russian word "pilgrimage" (from "pilgrim", also known as "pilgrim") emphasizes the religiosity of the journey more strongly than the English "pilgrimage"; this was felt by those Russian translators of Byron who instead of "pilgrimage" wrote "wandering" - a synonym, but with an emphasis more on the journey itself than on its pilgrimage goal. Pushkin first wanted to call Onegin's voyage "Wandering", which is very close to "wandering", but then settled on the neutral and a-Byronic "Journey".

In Griboyedov, Chatsky, despite the complete absence of geographical names in the text, gives the distinct impression of a traveler who has also been abroad for three years, which is unambiguously indicated by three or four remarks. Three years also elapse between Onegin's departure from Petersburg and his return in August 1824; but did Onegin have time to go abroad after he left his estate before setting off from Petersburg on a trip to Russia?

Writers of the ideological school, such as Dostoevsky, thought so, but not because they scrupulously studied the text of the novel, but because they knew it very approximately and, moreover, confused Onegin with Chatsky. Perhaps Pushkin really intended to send his hero abroad. There are two grounds for such a conclusion: (1) in one of the subsequently rejected stanzas (Ch. 7, XXV alternative. 13) Onegin travels from a village (located 400 miles from the German border) to seek salvation from taedium vitae "on distant sides", which means foreign countries rather than Russian provinces; and (2) in the stanza (V) omitted from the Journey, the first four lines suggest that Onegin returned to Petersburg from Western Europe, through which he wandered like Melmoth, and from which he was sick. Of course, in this case, the date of his departure from Petersburg to Moscow on VI, 2 should be considered June 3, 1821, but 1822, and then we are powerless to figure out where and when Onegin was, and where and when - Tatyana: after all it is impossible to assume that in St. Petersburg or Moscow, where Tatyana also lived in 1822, Onegin never (at least) heard about her from mutual acquaintances, say from his cousin Prince N or from Prince Vyazemsky. However, on the basis of what we have, that is, those stanzas that Pushkin himself left in the final text, Onegin's wanderings should be limited to Russia. (See also my commentary on ch. 8, xiii, 14.)

Below are the stanzas and fragments of stanzas excluded by Pushkin and collected by me, which fall on gaps between fragments of Onegin's Journey (219).

Blessed is he who was young from his youth;

Blessed is he who has matured in time;

Who gradually life is cold

4 With years he knew how to endure;

Who did not indulge in strange dreams;

Who did not shy away from the secular mob;

Who at twenty was a dandy or a grip,

8 And at thirty profitably married;

Who got free at fifty

From private and other debts;

Who is fame, money and ranks

12 Quietly in turn made;

Who has been talked about for a century:

N.N. is a wonderful person.

Belovaya manuscript (2382, l. 120). This stanza = Ch. 8, X. The first line is also in Pushkin's manuscript (PB 18, l. 4).

Option

13—14 Draft manuscript (PD 161):

And gave my soul to God

Like a senator or a general.

In the rejected reading (ibid.), instead of "senator" - "chamberlain", and in the first version of the white manuscript, or in the final, corrected draft version (2382, l. 120), - "farmer".

See also , 7-8.

earthly necessities;

Who walked the big road in life,

4 Big expensive pillar;

Who had a goal, and aspired to it,

Who knew why he came into the world

And gave my soul to God

8 Like a farmer or a general.

"We are born," said Seneca,

For the benefit of others and their own" -

(Couldn't be simpler and clearer)

12 But it's hard, having lived half a century,

In the past, see only a trace

Wasted barren years.

Belovaya manuscript (2382, fol. 119v.).

9—10 “We were born,” said Seneca, “/ For the benefit of our neighbors and our own.”- In the treatise "De otio" ("On Leisure") by Lucius Annaeus Seneca (d. 65 AD) we read (III, 3):

"Nose nempe ab homme exigitur, ut prosit hominibus, si fieri potest, multis, si minus, paucis, si minus, proximis, si minus, sibi."

“A person is only required to benefit people: if he can, to many; if he cannot, to a few; if he cannot to a few, then to his relatives; if he cannot to his relatives, then to himself.”

And in a letter (LX) to his friend Caius Lucilius, Seneca writes:

"Vivit is, qui multis usui est, vivit is, qui se utitur."

(“The one who is useful to many lives. The one who is useful to himself lives”).

But it's sad to think that in vain

We were given youth

What cheated on her all the time,

4 That she deceived us;

That our best wishes

That our fresh dreams

Decayed in rapid succession,

8 Like leaves in autumn rotten.

It's hard to see in front of you

One dinner is a long row,

Look at life as a ritual

12 And following the orderly crowd

Go without sharing with her

No shared opinions, no passions.

Belovaya manuscript (2382, fol. 119v.). With the exception of the beginning of verse 1, this stanza = ch. 8, xi.

Becoming the subject of noisy judgments,

Unbearable (agree on that)

Between prudent people

4 Become a fake weirdo

Or a sad madman

Or a satanic freak,

Or even my Demon.

8 Onegin (I'll take care of him again),

Killing a friend in a duel

Having lived without a goal, without labor

Until the age of twenty-six

12 Languishing in the idleness of leisure,

No service, no wife, no business,

Couldn't do anything.

White manuscript (2382, fol. 100). This stanza = Ch. 8, XII.

Bored or be known as Melmoth,

Or flaunt another mask,

Woke up once he is a patriot

4 Rainy, boring times.

Russia, gentlemen, instantly

He liked it very well

And it's decided he's in love

8 He only raves about Russia,

He hates Europe

With her politics dry

With her depraved vanity.

12 Onegin rides, he will see

Holy Rus', her fields,

Deserts, cities and seas.

The stanza has been released in white manuscript. Acad. 1937 and other editions of Onegin's Travels include it in the text. But Pushkin crossed out this stanza in the white manuscript and noted in the margins that either all of it, or part of it, in one form or another, is transferred to the “tenth chapter”. See Additions to the commentary on "Chapter Ten".

Option

4 Fortunately, we have a photograph of the editing of the white manuscript (PB 18, fol. 4) of the present, fifth stanza (and the first four verses of the next). He is hidden in the bowels #16-18 (1179 large pages) Lit. nasl.(M, 1934), and the page number (409) is not mentioned anywhere. The picture was published by Tomashevsky in his essay on the “tenth chapter” EO for the sake of Pushkin's marginal note: "to song X", meaning that this stanza V, or at least the verses about Onegin's Slavophilism, crossed out by the same hand that gave a careless indication in the margins, are transferred to the "tenth chapter". The stanza was composed on October 2, 1829, and rewritten on or about September 18, 1830.

But the greatest success is that the photograph allows us to trace Pushkin's work on V, 4. The original version of the verse (2382, fol. 119, 118v.) is carefully crossed out here:

At the Hotel de Londres, in Marine.

Through the ink you can make out the first word of the draft version known to us and, possibly, Latin t second. Above this crossed-out verse is written another:

Rainy spring at times.

"Spring" is crossed out and on top (abbreviated) it is inscribed "boring".

With the same pen as the litter in the margins, Pushkin boldly crossed out “cherry” and put a thick squiggle on top, which Hoffmann considers an abbreviation of the word “boring”.

The oldest hotel in St. Petersburg was the Demutov tavern on the Moika, not far from Nevsky. Founded in the 1760s. merchant Philip Jacob Demuth (Demuth or Demouth; d. 1802), who also bought a large house on the corner of Nevsky and Admiralteyskaya Square, in which he also arranged a hotel - "London", also known as "Hotel de Londres". This is not far from Morskaya (crossing Nevsky a little to the south), but not in Morskaya itself, as Pushkin erroneously indicated (221).

Andrei Delvig (1813-1887), cousin of the poet Delvig, mentions in his memoirs how he stayed at this hotel in his youth (in October 1826) (222).

The English traveler William Ray Wilson in his Travels in Russia (Travels in Russia, London, 1828, I, p. 218) writes:

"At last we got to the Hotel de Londres and ... rented a dining room, a bedroom and a servant's room for seventy-five rubles [sixty-two shillings] a week."

An English physician, Dr. Augustus Bozzy Granville, hired by Count Mikhail Vorontsov to accompany him and the Countess from London via Germany home to Russia (the Countess suffered from mal de mer), left for St. Petersburg in July 1827. In his chatty "Travel notes on the journey to St. Petersburg and back" ("St. Petersburg. A Journal of Travels to and from That Capital", 2 vols., London, 1828, I, pp. 466-467) he says:

“Hotel de Londres is located on the corner [of Nevsky Prospekt] and opposite the Admiralty - a picturesque but noisy place ... [offers] a living room and a bedroom with breakfast and lunch for table d "hôte... [for] twelve rubles a day (eight to ten shillings)."

He got together - and thank God.

June third

Stroller easy to travel

4 Brought it in the mail.

In the midst of the semi-wild plain

He sees Veliky Novgorod.

The squares reconciled - among them

8 The rebel bell has died down

But the shadows of giants roam

Scandinavian Conqueror,

Legislator Yaroslav,

12 With a couple of formidable Johns;

And around the drooping churches

Boiling people of the past days.

Belovaya manuscript (PB 18, sheet 4).

2 June third- The day after Pushkin's name day (223). A curious coincidence: in Pope, in imitation of Horace (1738), "in the manner of Dr. Swift," in the "Epistles" ("Epistles"), vol. I, Epistle VII:

Tis true, my Lord, I gave my word,

I would be with you, June the third…

(My lord, you are right, I gave my word

To come to you on the third of June ...)

and in Byron in Don Juan, I, CIII:

(It happened on a summer day, the sixth of June

I love accuracy in dates

………………………………………………

They are like post stations where Fate

Changes horses, thereby changing the music of history ...)

On this "fatal day" (I, CXXI, 2) Juan's affair with Julia began, lasting until a less certain date in November, when the young man was sent on a four-year journey; in 1784-1785 it brought him to the court and to the bed of the Russian Empress Catherine II. It is curious that on June 6, n. Art. (late 18th century) - Pushkin's birthday. June 6, 1799 A.D. Art. in the "music of history" a new melody really sounded.

Byron began Don Juan on September 6, 1818 in Venice; the last completed canto is dated May 6, 1823. Before leaving Italy for Greece (May 8, 1823; all dates are given according to New Style), he managed to write fourteen stanzas of the next, seventeenth canto. At this time in Chisinau, Pushkin was about to begin EO(May 9, O.S. or May 21, O.S.).

I do not know why Tomashevsky, having kept in Acad. 1937 fixed reading "June third", in PSS 1949 and 1959 gives "July third" (224) .

6—14 Novgorod, ancient Holmgard, was founded by the Vikings at the cloudy dawn of our era. The “Scandinavian Conqueror” is the Norman Rurik, who in the 860s, according to legend, invaded the eastern bank of the Volkhov River flowing through Novgorod. The descendants of Rurik moved their throne to Kyiv. Yaroslav the Wise (r. 1015-1054), the author of the first Russian code of laws, gave important privileges to Novgorod, and by the 13th century. the city became a kind of independent republic, ruled by the people's assembly, "veche", through an elected "posadnik". But the deplorable rise of Moscow and the ruthless Moscow despots drowned the "Volkhov Republic" in blood. In 1471, Ivan III extended his laws to her. Courageous Novgorodians resisted Moscow (that is why the veche bell is called “rebellious” by Pushkin), but in vain. In 1570, the remnants of Novgorod liberty were destroyed by Ivan the Terrible.

Pushkin's description of Novgorod in this stanza is extremely inexpressive: "semi-savage" does not create any picture, we do not hear bells "among" crowded squares, the definition of "rebellious" is ambiguous, although not new, the four "giants" are very unequal, and the "drooping" churches , around which the ghostly “people” “boils”, resemble snowmen during a thaw.

In a letter to Pushkin from St. Petersburg to Mikhailovskoye dated October 18, 1824 (see my commentary on Ch. 8, LI, 3-4), the Decembrist Prince Sergei Volkonsky expressed the hope that "neighborhood and memories of Veliky Novgorod, of the veche bell" inspire the poet.

Option

3 In the draft manuscript (2382, fol. 118v.) and in the rejected reading in the white manuscript (PB 18, fol. 4):

... Viennese stroller ...

Wed in ch. 7, V, 2: "In ... a discharge carriage."

Longing, longing! Evgenia is in a hurry

Flashing like shadows

4 Before him Valdai, Torzhok and Tver.

He takes three bundles of bagels,

8 Along the proud banks of the Volga

He jumps sleepy. The horses are racing

Either over the mountains or along the river.

Miles are flashing, coachmen

12 They sing, and whistle, and scold,

Dust curls. Here is my Eugene

In Moscow I woke up on Tverskaya.

Belovaya manuscript (PB 18, ll. 4v., 5).

3 Flickering like shadows- An interesting prototype of cinema.

4 Valdai, Torzhok and Tver.- In this order, these cities are located when moving southeast from Novgorod (one hundred miles south of Petersburg) to Moscow (about three hundred miles). Valdai is a town on the hilly southern shore of the beautiful Valdai Lake. Torzhok, a larger city, was famous for leather and velvet at that time. Onegin reaches the big city of Tver (now Kalinin) standing on the Volga. He has another hundred miles to go to Moscow (225).

It is amusing to compare the stylized picture of the Onegin route in this stanza with Pushkin's obscene description of his own trip on the same road, but in the opposite direction, in a letter dated November 9, 1826, from Mikhailovsky to Sergei Sobolevsky (a friend with a bad reputation, but talented and educated, whom Pushkin lived in Moscow in September-October 1826, during his decisive arrival in the capital from Mikhailovsky), He left Moscow for Opochka on the morning of November 2, broke two wheels on the road, continued his journey by mail and, passing through Tver, on the next evening was in Torzhok (130 miles). In Novgorod he turned west towards Pskov. The whole journey from Moscow to Opochka (450 miles) took him eight days (226).

The message was written in four-foot trochee in six quatrains, was to be performed to the tune “Once upon a time there was an Indian cock” (an obscene ballad by Baratynsky and Sobolevsky, twenty lines, a four-foot trochee) and contains various travel tips. In the Tver tavern Galyani (the name is accompanied by an obscene pun testifying to knowledge of the Italian language), Pushkin advises ordering “macaroni with parmesan” (227), and Pozharsky in Torzhok has his famous côtelettes. In the last stanza, the traveler is advised to buy bagels for tea "from pliable peasant women" in Valdai. Note that in Journey, the epithet is less eloquent (“among the affectionate”).

Pushkin's letter to Sobolevsky looks like a silly sketch of the future Onegin's Travels, and the mixture of prose and poetry, liveliness and lightness make it a miniature reflection of what was composed in the 17th century. two friends, Claude Emmanuel Luillet, known as Chapelle (1626-1686), and François le Coignot de Bashomont (1624-1702), "Travels from Languedoc" ("Voyage de Languedoc", 1656), known as "Travel of Chapelle and Bachomont" ("Le Voyage de Chapelle et de Bachomont").

Alexei Vulf, who was traveling along the same road with Pushkin in mid-January 1829 (from Staritsa of the Tver province to St. Petersburg), calls the Valdai lambswomen "cheap beauties" ( P. and his modern., 1915-1916, VI, no. 21-22, p. 52).

Alexander Radishchev (1749-1802), a liberal writer, wrote and printed in his home printing house “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow”, for which he was exiled by Catherine the Great to Siberia until the end of her reign, but Alexander I in 1810 allowed the “Journey » publish (228) . It is a passionate denunciation of serfdom and tyranny, written in clumsy eighteenth-century prose. Pushkin, who scolded the book for its style (see his posthumously published article "Alexander Radishchev", written in August 1836), knew her well. There are the following words (indicative of Pushkin's crafty attempt to sneak Radishchev's shadow into Onegin's Journey): “Who has not been to Valdai, who does not know Valdai bagels and Valdai flushed girls? Any passing impudent Valdai and the shame shaken by the girls stop and try to kindle voluptuousness in the traveler ... "

Bagels- the same as the American "bagels" (borrowing from Yiddish).

11 Versts- striped black and white wooden poles, measuring the distance. A verst is 0.6 miles. The English travelers of that time called the coachmen of the postal troikas "post-boors" ("postal men")

Moscow meets Onegin

With its arrogant vanity,

He seduces with his maidens,

4 The sterlet treats the ear.

In the ward of Ang<лийского>Kloba

(People's meetings sample)

Silently immersed in thought

8 He hears about prena porridges.

He is noticed. Talks about him

Contradictory Rumor;

Moscow is doing it

12 Calls him a spy

Composes poems in honor of him

And produces in suitors.

Belovaya manuscript (PB 18, sheet 5).

5 [Moscow] English clob- Not to be confused with the incomparably more fashionable Petersburg Club (in everyday life - the English Club or Clob, officially - the St. Petersburg English Assembly; founded in 1770; Pushkin was a member from 1832 until his death). Cf.: The Noble Assembly (commentary on ch. 7, LI, 1).

6 People's meetings- in the meaning of "parliamentary meetings".

8 Porridge- a hot dish of boiled cereals (buckwheat, barley, millet, etc.) in various forms, including those served with meat, or as a filling for a pie, or cooked with milk and butter; favorite Russian food.

12 ...a spy Here, as in Chap. 2, XlVb, 5, refers to a state spy, a secret agent of the political police. About Pushkin himself, even at the time of his life in Odessa, there was a dirty gossip that he was “working for the government”, which was actually done by one of his most brilliant lovers (Countess Karolina Sobanskaya; see comments to Ch. 8, XVII , 9). The word “produces”, which in another connection, at the end of the stanza, echoes “initiated” in ch. 8, XIVb, 5 perhaps shows that for Pushkin, who wrote Journey (in the autumn of 1830, seven years after ch. 2), these two stanzas were associated with each other.

14 ...in grooms...“I wonder if our poet intended one mysterious, undated stanza, Onegin’s both in rhyme and in spirit, written down on a piece of gray paper and first published in 1903 by I. Shlyapkin (“From the unpublished papers of A. S. Pushkin”, with 22) as a separate poem, with rearranged verses (1-6, 10-14, 7-9) and with other errors, somewhere here, in the midst of rumors about the groom-Onegin:

"Marry" - "To whom?" - "On Vera Chatskaya" -

"Stara" - "On the Radina" - "Simple" -

"On Khalskaya" - "Laughter at her stupid" -

"On Shipovaya" - "Poor, fat" -

"On Minsk". - "Breathing too languidly" -

"On Torbina" - "Writes romances,

The mother kisses, the father is a fool "-

"Well, so on the N-skay?" — “How not so!

I will accept servility as a kindred" -

"------- Lipskoy". “What a tone!

A grimace, a million antics! —

“On Lidina” - “What a family!

They serve nuts

They drink beer in the theater.”

I looked at several publications, they all print it as a dialogue (Onegin with a friend who proposes marriage to him). It seems to me that this is a monologue (akin to Ch. 1, I), but I have not seen the manuscript.

In PSS 1949, V, p. 562, the sequence of lines has been corrected, given "on Lidina" and "on Grusha Lipskaya", and (following Shlyapkin) the editorial question mark after "Lenskaya" is omitted. I do not believe that Pushkin could use this surname in this context - except that the stanza was written not in 1829-1830 (when "Journey" was written), but in the period from May to October 1823 (before work on the second song , in which Lensky appears). Need a reproduction of the manuscript (229) .

The surname "Chatskoy" is most likely taken from Griboyedov from "Woe from Wit". If so, then this stanza was written no earlier than 1825. “Radina”, “Minskaya”, etc. are fictitious noble surnames adopted in novels and plays of that time. [You are] "kissed by your mother" - this is about the provincial manner of the mother of the family kissing the guest on the forehead when he kisses her hand. True, in the 1957 edition, Tomashevsky writes “minx mother”, an option that is not very convincing.

Shlyapkin writes that it is possible to make out the rejected readings (verses 2 and 3) "on Sedina" and "on Rzhevskaya".

I noticed that Zenger, in his wonderful article on some of Pushkin's rough sketches in Pushkin, the Founder of New Russian Literature (1941), p. 31-47, also concludes that this stanza may refer to the Moscow part of Onegin's Journey.

Options

2 Draft manuscript (2382, l. 118):

... oriental fuss ...

8 Rejected reading (ibid.):

He hears chatamov's talk...

William Pitt the Elder, Earl of Chatham (1708-1778), English statesman.

Longing, longing! He wants to go to the Lower

To Minin's homeland - in front of him

Makariev is vainly busy,

4 Boils with its abundance.

An Indian brought pearls here,

Fake guilt European,

A herd of defective horses

8 The breeder drove from the steppes,

The player brought his decks

And a handful of helpful bones

Landowner - ripe daughters,

12 And daughters - last year's fashion.

Everyone fusses, lies for two,

And everywhere the mercantile spirit.

1—2 From the white manuscript (PB 18).

1—3 In July 1821, Onegin leaves Moscow for the east and, having traveled three hundred miles, arrives in Nizhny Novgorod (now Gorky), an old city on an old hill at the confluence of the Volga with the Oka. The famous Nizhny Novgorod citizen Kuzma Minin-Sukhoruky, a butcher by profession and a politician by vocation, played a key role in the victory of the people's militia of the Muscovite state against the Polish conquerors in 1611-1612. (230)

Makariev- refers to the famous Makariev fair, moved to Nizhny from the town of Makariev, which is sixty miles further east. She arranged in the middle of summer. Somewhat mechanically, the same “vanity” is repeated here as in [V], 11 and in, 2.

According to the “list of goods and capital announced by the Director’s office of the [Nizhny Novgorod] fair of 1821” (that is, when Onegin was there), among forty items of goods at the fair were sold “a small silver plate and pearls” for 1,500,000 rubles, “wine and brandy ” for 6,580,000 rubles and “horses” for 1,160,000 rubles (as Lyall recorded in his Travels / Lyall, Travels, II, p. 349-351).

Yearning! Evg<ений>waiting for the weather.

The Volga, rivers, lakes are beautiful,

He is called to the lush waters,

4 Under the sails.

It is not difficult to lure a hunter.

By hiring a merchant ship,

He swam quickly down the river.

8 The Volga pouted. barge haulers,

Leaning on steel hooks,

About that robber shelter

12 About those remote sidings,

Like St<енька>Once<ин>in old times

Bloody Volga wave.

White manuscript (PB 18).

2 Volga - rivers, lakes beauty ...- From Dmitriev's pompous ode "To the Volga", verse 4. The ode consists of nine stanzas of ten verses each in iambic tetrameter, rhymes have the usual pattern in Russian and French odes ababeeciic. Karamzin received her manuscript from Dmitriev on September 6, 1794. Here are verses 2-7:

Lower the sails, folks!

And you, who brought to the shore,

Oh Volga! Rivers, beauty lakes,

Head, queen, honor and glory,

O Volga magnificent, majestic!

Sorry!.. (231)

8 Volga pouted- that is, it rose due to the July rains in its upper reaches, as happened in some years.

13 Stenka Razin- the famous robber leader, the hero of several songs, like the Volga Robin Hood, but shed much more blood than the notorious cheerful yeoman. Verse 14 sounds: "He bled the Volga wave." Soviet history presented Robin-Razin as a herald of the people's revolution, and Comrade Brodsky proposes that verse 14 should be considered only a romantic allusion to the song in which Razin throws his beloved Persian princess into the waves of the Volga (so that cosmopolitan love does not stand in the way of his communist patriotism). But who saw that the drowning Persian princess was bound to bleed? And what about the beginning of the next stanza?

The epithet "linen" (verse 4) is also found in the song about Stenka Razin (which I mention in the commentary to ch. 5, XVII, 7-8), written by Pushkin based on folk poetry (verse 10):

Unleash your canvas sails...

They sing about those uninvited guests,

What they burned and cut. But here,

Among their sandy steppes,

4 On the shore of salty waters

Trade Astrakhan opened.

Oneg<ин>just deepened

In recollected<ья>past days,

8 Like the heat of the midday rays

And impudent clouds of mosquitoes,

Food buzzing from all sides

They meet him - and, furious,

12 The Caspian waters are free-flowing

He leaves the same hour.

Yearning! - he goes to the Caucasus.

From the Lower Onegin, it slowly sails down the Volga to Astrakhan (about two thousand miles), stopping in Kazan, Syzran, Saratov, etc. I would attribute his short stay on the Caspian shores to the late autumn of 1821.

7 I do not understand how the Soviet commentators managed to manage, usually clutching at any piece of revolutionary spirit that they can find in EO, not to notice that the innocent phrase “memories of past days” refers not to personal, but to historical memories and, without any doubt, means a civil and military riot in Astrakhan under Peter the Great, which began due to exorbitant taxes and continued from July 30, 1705 -th to March 12, 1706; after its suppression, more than two thousand people were executed.

9 Astrakhan mosquitoes were scolded by many travelers. See, for example, Voeikov's "Travel Notes" in his "News of Literature" No. 9 (August, 1824). The classic story about a “sensitive encounter” with Tatar mosquitoes belongs to the pen of E. D. Clarke (“Travels in Various Countries” / E. D. Clarke, “Travels in Various Counties”, II, p. 59-61), which from them almost died one July night in 1800 on the banks of the Kuban.

The rough draft of stanza XI (2382, fol. 117v.) is dated October 3.

He sees: Terek is wayward

Steep digs shores;

A mighty eagle soars before him,

4 A deer stands with its antlers bowed;

The camel lies in the shadow of the cliff,

In the meadows the horse of the Circassian rushes,

And around the wandering tents

8 Kalmyk sheep graze,

In the distance - the Caucasian masses:

The path is open to them. Scolding made its way

beyond their natural limits,

12 Through their dangerous barriers;

Coasts of Aragva and Kura

We saw Russian tents.

1 Terek- a river in the Caucasus, originating on a small glacier of Mount Kazbek, which is part of the main Caucasian ridge (see comments on XIII, 2-4). The Terek bends around Kazbek and rapidly rushes to the northeast along several gorges (including the Darial), along which the Georgian Military Highway runs (see commentary on verse 13) Under Vladikavkaz, it absorbs several mountain streams, flows to the north, into the steppe, and then decisively turns east to the Caspian Sea.

10—12 See comment. to XIIa, 8.

13 Aragva and Kura- rivers on the south side of the main ridge. Aragva begins as a mountain stream northwest of the Cross Pass (7957 feet), flows south (60 miles) and flows into the bluish-gray waters of the Kura.

The Kura, the main river of Transcaucasia, originates in Turkey, northwest of Kars, and flows east through Georgia to the Caspian Sea.

The Cross Pass, where the road crosses the main mountain range, which stretches through the entire Caucasus approximately from the northwest to the southeast, is known in the literature, it was described by Lermontov at the beginning of A Hero of Our Time (published in 1839-1840; English translation by Dmitry Nabokov, published in New York in 1958) (232) .

The so-called Georgian Military Road (which has been under construction since 1811) begins fifty miles north of the pass, in Vladikavkaz, and winds its way through the valley of the Aragva, going south to Tiflis, the capital of Georgia, which is about 135 miles.

5 In the distance, the Caucasian masses.

To them<уть>open - through their barriers,

for their natural<грань>,

8 The scolding rushed to Georgia.

Perhaps their wild beauty

He will accidentally be touched -

And now, surrounded by a convoy,

12 In the wake of the cannon of the steppe

<ступил Онегин>all of a sudden

In the threshold of the mountains, in their gloomy circle.

Draft manuscript (PD 168).

8 To Georgia...- Earlier Soviet editions always gave here a reading “to the depth”, but in the PSS 1957 without any explanation (as elsewhere in this edition, ridiculously laconic) it is printed “to Georgia”; Georgia is a region of the South Caucasus (Transcaucasia), bounded by the Black Sea in the west and Dagestan in the east.

The gradual annexation of the Caucasus by Russia began with the capture of Derbent by Peter the Great in 1722 and continued until the capture of Shamil, the leader of the Lezgins, in 1859. The eastward expansion of the Russian Empire (which attracted close attention from England and stubborn protest from Turkey) was carried out in many ways, from semi-voluntary annexation (for example, Georgia in 1801) to brutal wars with the mountaineers, whose Islamized Circassian tribes offered desperate resistance.

12 ... steppe cannon ...- A weapon for fighting in the steppe (233) .

He sees those<рек>furious

Shaking and sharpening the shores, -

Above him from the brow of the rock stooped

4 Hanging deer bowed antlers -

The landslides are falling and shining;

Along the rocks straight streams whip.

Between mountains, between two<высоких>walls

8 Goes gorge<ие>- cramped

Dangerous path all already - already -

Heaven is barely visible above;

Nature's dark beauty

12 Everywhere shows the same savagery.

Praise to you, gray-haired Caucasus:

Onegin touched for the first time<раз>.

Draft manuscript (PD 168).

During it, the past

<В те дни ты знал меня, Кавказ!>

To your empty sanctuary

4 You have accepted me more than once.

I was madly in love with you

You greeted me noisily

<Могучим гласом бурь своих>.

8 <Я слышал>the roar of your streams,

And snow falls<грохот>,

<И клик орлов>and the singing of the maidens,

And Terek ferocious roar,

12 And echo far-sounding laughter;

<И зрел я>, your weak singer,

Kazbek royal crown.

Draft manuscript (2382, fol. 39v.).

“Having arrived in Yekaterinoslav [about May 20, 1820], I got bored, went for a drive along the Dnieper, bathed and caught a fever, as usual. General Raevsky, who was traveling to the Caucasus with his son [Nikolai] and two daughters [Maria and Sophia], found me in a Jewish hut, delirious, without a doctor, with a mug of ice-cold lemonade. His son (you know our close relationship and important services, forever unforgettable for me) [confirmation that the trip to the Caucasus was planned at least a month earlier] his son suggested that I travel to the Caucasian waters, a doctor [a certain Dr. Rudykovsky] who was traveling with them, promised not to kill me on the road.

“All these healing springs are not far from each other, in the last branches of the Caucasus Mountains. I regret, my friend, that you did not see the magnificent range of these mountains together with me; their icy peaks, which from afar, at a clear dawn, seem like strange clouds, multi-colored and motionless; I regret that I did not climb with me to the sharp top of the five-hilled Beshtu ... "

(See commentary on XIII, 2-4.)

4 …not once.- Pushkin was in the Caucasus twice, in the summer of 1820 and in the summer of 1829. In terms of artistic merit, Onegin's Journey is significantly inferior to the excellent Journey to Arzrum, a prosaic description of Pushkin's trip in 1829, published in 1836 in his literary journal " Contemporary".

Pushkin participated in the Caucasian campaign of 1829 as a poet, unofficial war correspondent (in dreams), dragoons, bon vivant and semi-professional player. In the first week of May, he left Moscow for Tiflis via Kaluga and Orel, then crossed the green Voronezh steppes and traveled along the Georgian Military Highway from Yekaterinoslav to Vladikavkaz (where he arrived on May 21) and further to Tiflis, where he remained from May 27 to 10 June. The commander-in-chief, Count Paskevich, allowed Pushkin to travel to Arzrum (with the Nizhny Novgorod dragoon regiment, in which Nikolai Raevsky Jr. and Lev Pushkin served). On June 11, not far from the fortress of Gergery, the poet met a cart with the coffin of Griboyedov, who was killed in Tehran. On June 14, Pushkin tried to take part in the battle with the Turkish cavalry. His civilian dress and round hat (chapeau rond) caused bewilderment among the soldiers, who mistook him for a German doctor or a Lutheran priest. On June 27, Pushkin was present at the capture of Arzrum and lived there for almost a month. Around July 20, he went to Tiflis, then to Pyatigorsk, in the second week he left Pyatigorsk for Moscow, where he arrived before September 21.

Already the desert watchman is eternal,

Cramped by the hills around

Worth Beshtu spiky

4 And green Mashuk,

Mashuk, the giver of healing jets;

Around its magical streams

A pale swarm crowds the sick;

8 Who is the sacrifice of honor in battle,

Who are cheering, who are Cyprian;

The sufferer thinks the thread of life

Strengthen in miraculous waves,

12 Coquette Of Evil Years Of Resentment

Leave at the bottom, and the old man

Rejuvenate - at least for a moment.

3—4 Beshtu... Mashuk...- We are talking about the pointed peaks of Beshtau, five mountain peaks overgrown with oak and beech forests to the north and east of Pyatigorsk, a North Caucasian resort famous for its mineral springs. The five-upper massif is made up of mountains Besh (4590 feet), Zheleznaya (2795 feet), Serpentine (3261 feet), Mashuk (3258 feet) and Lysaya (2427 feet). Fifty miles to the south, in the western part of the main Caucasian range (stretching from the 44th parallel in the northwest of the Caucasus to the 41st parallel in the southeast), Elbrus, the highest mountain in Europe (about 18,500 feet), is visible, and Kazbek (about 16,500 feet).

Onegin spends more than a year in the Caucasus (1822). The next famous literary hero who will come to the Caucasian waters and pass through the Caucasian passes will be Lermontov's Pechorin (1830-1838).

6 ... streams of his magic ...- I'm afraid that I translated here more beautifully than necessary, and that Pushkin meant only "keys" or "sources."

Wed description of a similar resort (Bagnères) at the Fountain in his "Pyrenees" ("Les Pyrénées", ca. 1805):

Le vieillard de maux escort,

Le heros encor tourmente

De cicatrices douloureuses,

La melancolique beauté

………………………………………

Viennent chercher ici les jeux ou la sante…

………………………………………

L "ennui, les sombres maladies

Et la goutte aux mains engourdies

Tout cède au breuvage enchanté…

9 Cyprida a euphemism for Lues venerea. It is known that venereal diseases - gonorrhea and / or one of the forms of syphilis - Pushkin was ill at least three times (in January 1818 in St. Petersburg, in the spring of 1819 in the same place and in mid-July 1826 after visiting the Pskov brothel).

Feeding bitter thoughts

Among their sad family,

Onegin with a look of regret

4 Looks at the smoky jets

And he thinks, clouded with sadness:

Why am I not wounded by a bullet in the chest?

Why am I not a frail old man,

8 How is this poor farmer?

Why, as a Tula assessor,

Am I paralyzed?

Why can't I feel in my shoulder

12 Though rheumatism? - ah, Creator!

I am young, my life is strong;

What should I expect? sorrow, sorrow!

4 Smoky- typo, should be "winter". A funny repetition in a typo of the same word that Pushkin mentions in note 17 (234) .

Option

13—14 PB 18, l. 7 vol.:

And I'm like these gentlemen

Hope could know then!

Blessed is the old man! blessed is who<болен>!

Over whom lies the hand of fate!

But I'm healthy, I'm young, free,

4 What should I expect? - yearning! yearning!..

Excuse me, snowy mountains peaks,

And you, the Kuban plains!

He rides to other shores,

8 He arrived from Taman to the Crimea.

Imagination sacred land:

Pylades argued with Atris there,

Mithridates stabbed himself there,

12 Inspired Mickiewicz sang there

And, in the middle of the coastal rocks,

I remembered my Lithuania.

1—8 White manuscript (PB 18).

6 Kuban is a river flowing from the glacier at the foot of Elbrus to the north and then to the east, to the Sea of ​​Azov.

6—8 ... Kuban plains Crimea- Leaving the Central Caucasus, Onegin travels about four hundred miles to the northwest, to the tip of the Taman Peninsula, where he boards a ship sailing to the Crimea. Pushkin moved along the same route in early August 1820. In a letter from Chisinau to his brother in Petersburg (September 24, 1820), he wrote:

“I saw the banks of the Kuban and the sentry villages - I admired our Cossacks. Forever riding; always ready to fight; in perpetual precaution! I rode in the mind of hostile fields of free, mountain peoples. 60 Cossacks rode around us, a loaded cannon trailed behind them ... "

For the first time the poet saw the Crimea not from a ship, but from Taman in mid-August 1820, through the Kerch Strait (the same letter to his brother). Here it is impossible not to recall that in Lermontov's story "Taman" (1840), Pechorin, being in the city of the same name, admires on an azure morning "the far coast of Crimea, which stretches with a purple stripe and ends with a cliff, on top of which a lighthouse tower is white" (pay attention to lilac color - it is absent in Pushkin's classical palette).

From Taman Pushkin sailed to Kerch, this was his first stop on the Crimean peninsula. There (August 15, at sunset) he went to look at the ruins of the tower, known as the tomb of Mithridates, where he “plucked a flower for memory and lost it without any regret the next day,” we read in “An extract from a letter to D[elvig]” (for the first time published in "Northern Flowers" in 1826), deliberately arrogant notes that the poet prefaced the third edition (1830) of "The Fountain of Bakhchisarai".

From there Pushkin traveled further south to Feodosia (ancient Kafa), located on the southeastern coast of the Crimea, sixty-three miles from Kerch; the journey took a day. There he spent the night (at the current address - at house number 5 on Olginskaya Street), and the next day (August 18), together with the Raevskys, he boarded a military brig, on which they sailed along the Crimean coast, keeping to the south-west direction. During this trip, Pushkin wrote a Byronic elegy (“The daylight went out ...”), published at the end of the year by the magazine “Son of the Fatherland” along with the erroneous dating of Leo Pushkin (“September”), who received these poems along with his brother’s September letter.

At dawn on August 19, the brig moored to the Gurzuf shore (for the solution of the heart mystery of the last verses of stanza XVI, see my commentary on ch. 1, XXXIII, 1). There the poet spent three blissful weeks with the Raevsky family - now in full force - in a villa placed at their disposal by Armand Emmanuel du Plessis, Duke de Richelieu

Around September 5, Pushkin, together with the general and his son, left Gurzuf; having examined along the way the “fabulous ruins of the temple of Diana” near the St. George Monastery, they drove along the Balaklava road to the very center of the Crimea - Bakhchisaray, which is sixty miles from the coast. "Bakhchi Saray" means "garden palace" and fully justifies its name. From the beginning of the XVI to the end of the XVIII century. Here was the residence of the Tatar khans. Swallows fly swiftly into the cool hall; from the rusty pipe of a small fountain, water oozes, dripping into the marble recesses. I was there in July 1918 during an expedition for Lepidoptera.

The travelers left Bakhchisaray (September 8) for Simferopol, and from there Pushkin returned to Chisinau by September 21 via Odessa (where he was in the middle of the month).

8 Taman- a Black Sea port in the very north-west of the Caucasus, on the shores of the Taman Bay (the eastern branch of the Kerch Strait), about two hundred and fifty miles from Sukhum, a city on the western coast of the Caucasus. Here, Lermontov's Pechorin will also have an adventure in Taman, the most unfortunate part of A Hero of Our Time.

10 Pylades was arguing with Atrids...- As it is told in the old French mythologies, from which both Pushkin and his readers drew popular information on similar topics, the legendary youths Orestes and his faithful friend Pylades, having successfully carried out a polysyllabic vendetta, sought to purify, and the Delphic oracle ordered them to deliver the statue to Greece Artemis (Diana) from the Tauride Chersonese (Korsun, near Sevastopol). Friends sailed to the land of the Taurians. But King Toant, the high priest of the temple of Artemis, ordered, as required by law, to sacrifice young strangers. Orestes and Pylades heroically argued with each other: each wanted to die for the other. Both managed to escape - along with Iphigenia (a local priestess who turned out to be the sister of Orestes) and with a statue.

Pushkin calls Orestes Atrids, that is, one of the genus Atrids.

11 Mithridates- Mithridates the Great, king of Pontus, in 63 BC. e. ordering himself to be killed by an executive Gallic mercenary. His alleged tomb and throne can be seen on Mount Mithridates, a hill near Kerch (a port on the Sea of ​​Azov, see above, comments on 6-8).

12—14 Adam Bernard Mickiewicz (1798-1855) - Polish poet and patriot, spent four years in Russia (from October 1824 to March 1829). In the autumn of 1825, that is, five years after Pushkin, he visited the Crimea and, returning to Odessa, composed eighteen delightful Crimean Sonnets, which he finalized in 1826 in Moscow. In the same place, in December 1826, they were printed in Polish, and the first, completely mediocre, Russian translations appeared in 1827 (by Vasily Shchastny) and in 1829 (by Ivan Kozlov). In his sonnet VIII, Mickiewicz returns in thought to Pushkin's The Fountain of Bakhchisarai; the sonnet is called "Grob Potocki" (the mausoleum of the wife of the Tatar Khan, who, according to legend, was from the Polish Potocki family). In this sonnet, as in others, especially in XIV, under the title "Pilgrim", Mickiewicz nostalgically recalls his native Lithuania.

Pushkin met Mickiewicz in October 1826 in Moscow, but the cordiality of their friendship could not stand the political events that followed. On November 17/29, 1830, a Polish uprising broke out that lasted about nine months. Nicholas I announced the Warsaw rebellion to the officers of the guards on November 26, 1830, during the parade, under the removal of the banner, expressing confidence that they would help to suppress it. The generals and officers burst into shouts of "Hurrah!" and rushed to kiss the hands of Nicholas and the sacrum of his horse - as if the king was a centaur. Pushkin, much to the chagrin of Vyazemsky and A. Turgenev, welcomed the suppression of the uprising with extreme enthusiasm. In the iambic poem "To the Slanderers of Russia" (August 1831) and in the odic "Borodino Anniversary" (September 1831), a stream of passionate nationalism rages, and our poet speaks of the defeat of insurgent Poland with cold mockery. In an unrhymed passage dated August 10, 1834 and written in St. Petersburg, Pushkin recalls Mickiewicz’s happy life “among a strange tribe” and contrasts the guest’s peaceful speeches with those “poison-filled” verses (in the draft, “dog barking”; these words echo the final lines Mickiewicz's poem addressed to "Russian friends", in which the voice of any Russian that condemns the denunciation of despotism by the Polish poet is compared with the barking of a dog biting the hand of the liberator), which the angry Mickiewicz now sends to Russia from the West: in 1832-1834. Mickiewicz lived in exile in Dresden and Paris, and in his satirical poems (transcribed by Pushkin in notebook 2373, l. 34v., 35v.) accused former Russian friends of being bribed by their government, glorifying the triumph of their tyrant and rejoicing in suffering Poles. And not so much because of historical reality, but because of the wonderful human qualities of Mickiewicz, “liberalism” at that time was associated with Poland, a country that, in certain periods of its independence, was no less despotic than Russia.

Pushkin admired Mickiewicz's poetry. In October 1833, in Boldino, he wrote a poem in an anapaest meter, which is rare for him, a melodically pleasant, but hopelessly inaccurate translation of Mickiewicz's ballad "Budrys and his sons."

Options

12 In the white manuscript (PB 18) instead of "inspired Mickiewicz" - "inspired exile".

12—14 Rejected readings (2382, fol. 115v.):

There is my inspired Mickiewicz

………………………………………

He composed immortal poems,

and (verse 14):

He wrote his sonnets...

You are beautiful, the shores of Taurida,

When you see from the ship

In the light of morning Cyprida,

4 When I saw you for the first time;

You appeared to me in bridal splendor:

In the sky blue and transparent

The piles of your mountains shone,

8 Valleys, trees, villages pattern

It was laid out in front of me.

And there, between the huts of the Tatars ...

What a fever woke up in me!

12 What magical longing

The fiery breast was shy!

But muse! forget the past.

These stanzas, illustrating two subspecies of Romanticism, are an admirable summary of the changing literary fashions.

As I have already noted (see commentary on ch. 6, XXIII, 2), romanticism in its generalized form goes back to the fictional Arcadia of Italian and Spanish poets. From its green lowlands, mad lovers, unfortunate knights and learned youths, usually climbed into the mountainous country, where they rushed about in a love frenzy. In pastoral poetry, the moon was hidden behind the clouds, the streams murmured with the same allegoricalness, as three centuries later a stream runs and a breeze blows at Lensky's grave. In the 18th century, Swiss and Scottish guides pointed poetry out of its strength to a waterfall overshadowed by gloomy needles. From there, it was already a stone's throw to the bleak Byronic landscape - both up, to the rocks that replaced the forest zone, and down, to the coastal cliffs and the surf beating against them. This generalized subspecies of Romanticism is closely related to the pathological dislike that the Age of Reason had for the concrete, "non-poetic" detail, and to its passion for specific concepts. In this sense Byron's "romanticism" is a logical continuation of "classicism". The obscure became even less clear, and the ruins under the moon remained as noble and vague as the "passions" generated by incest and ancient dramas. As I have already noted, only in a few winter stylizations did Pushkin (in the final text) turn to a specific landscape instead of the beaten Arcadian conventionality. In descriptions of nature, he always gravitated towards the 18th century. Stanza XVIII is a critical embodiment of the second, "concrete" phase of Romanticism, with its interest in "ordinary" details and "realistic" everyday life, devoid of that poetic sediment that is inevitably present in the words "ocean" and "nightingale". It was this fashion that re-discovered Flemish painting and Elizabethan dramaturgy for the Romantics.

Finally, it should be noted that here Pushkin also speaks of his recent literary addictions, of the transition from the "poetic" oriental fountain to the "unpoetic" duck pond - an allegory of his own life. One can also see some analogy between this evolution and the one that he outlined the day of Lensky in stanzas XXXVI and XXXIX ch. 6.

Whatever feelings lurk

Then in me - now they are not:

They have gone or changed...

4 Peace be with you, worries of the past!

At that time I seemed to need

Deserts, pearly waves,

And the noise of the sea, and piles of rocks,

8 And the proud virgin's ideal,

And nameless suffering...

Other days, other dreams;

You reconciled, my spring

12 lofty dreams,

And in a poetic glass

I mixed a lot of water.

Option

In the draft version (2382, l. 111), probably verse 8, Pushkin recalls with pleasure the shade of olives and mulberries, which immediately brings to mind the rocky paths that go up the mountain slope from the southern Crimean coast. Mulberry (and, quite unexpectedly, pineapple) was already mentioned in 1826 by Mickiewicz in his XIV sonnet "Pilgrim" - as an element of the Crimean landscape.

Other pictures I need:

I love the sandy slope

In front of the hut are two mountain ash,

4 Gate, broken fence,

Gray clouds in the sky

Heaps of straw in front of the threshing floor

Yes, a pond under the canopy of dense willows,

8 expanse of young ducks;

Now the balalaika is sweet to me

Yes, the drunken clatter of a trepak

Before the threshold of the tavern.

12 My ideal now is the hostess,

My desire is peace

Yes, a soup pot, but a big one itself.

2 …slope…- The word implies a double slope: it is both a hillside and a road (or something similar to it), diagonally descending along it.

6 <…>

13 …peace…- See above comment. to verse 20 of Onegin's Letters in Ch. 8 and to XLVIIIa, 1 in ch. 8.

14 shchey(gen. fall. from cabbage soup) - cabbage soup. The verse is based on a Russian proverb, the meaning of which is: "I eat simple food, but I am my own master."

Options

5—6 In the draft manuscript (PB 18, sheets 1 and 2v.):

Yes, through the clearing

In the distance a running peasant woman ...

Verse 6 has the option:

Yes, slender washerwomen at the dam ...

13 Draft manuscript (ibid.):

A simple, quiet wife ...

Sometimes rainy the other day

I, turning into the barnyard ...

Ugh! prose nonsense,

4 The Flemish school is a motley rubbish!

Was I like that when I blossomed?

Say, the fountain of Bakhchisaray!

Are these thoughts in my mind

8 I made your endless noise,

When it's silent before you

Zarema I imagined

Among the lush, empty halls ...

12 Three years later, after me,

Wandering in the same direction

Onegin remembered me.

6—11 See The Fountain of Bakhchisarai (a poem in 578 verses in iambic tetrameter, composed in 1822 in Kishinev and published in 1824 in Moscow with an article by Vyazemsky), especially verses 505-559, where Pushkin describes his visit to the former "garden palace" Khanov: there, in verses 533-538, there is an answer to the question posed in Journey, XIX, 7-10, with the same rhyme "noise - mind."

In a note to the poem, Pushkin gave a deliberately "prosaic" description of the fountain, and this can be compared with the "litter" in Journey, XIX, 1-4 (235) .

There the skies are clear for a long time,

There is troublesome bargaining plentiful

4 He raises his sails;

There everything breathes Europe, blows,

Everything shines in the south and dazzles

Diversity alive.

8 The language of Italy is golden

Sounds fun down the street

Where the proud Slav walks,

French, Spanish, Armenian,

12 Both the Greek and the Moldavian are heavy,

And the son of the Egyptian land,

Retired Corsair, Morali.

1 I lived then in dusty Odessa ...- In fact, we do not see Onegin participating in the Italianized fun of Odessa life (XX-XXIX). Not he, but our other hero, Pushkin, enjoys it in these ten stanzas, which sound like a southern echo of the theatrical, love and gastronomic pleasures of St. Petersburg, described in the first chapter.

There, in the first chapter, Pushkin intersperses Petersburg memories with the circumstances of his life in Odessa at the time when he described these memories (in the autumn of 1823). We catch a glimpse of how he wanders over the sea in the hope of sails that would carry him away from Russia to Africa - the old dear ancestor, but in the opposite direction. The aforementioned stanzas of the Journey were written at the time of forced solitude in Mikhailovsky, at the beginning of 1825. Odessa 1823-1824, at that time only a haven of nostalgia, now, in 1825, is remembered with no less sweetness than in its time the poet recalled the charms of St. Petersburg. And "Golden Italy" Ch. 1, XLIX was reduced to a melodic Italian speech on the streets of Odessa.

2 The skies are clear there...- an abbreviated four-foot version of Tumansky's Alexandrian verse - the second line of the poem "Odessa" (I quote it in the commentary to XXI, 1-9).

Option

5—14 Hoffmann (1936) gives the following draft fragments (2370, fol. 66; see also p. 464 in Akad. 1937) - A, verses 8-9:

There's a cold-blooded merchant

A frisky girlfriend shines [fr] . compagne folatre] —

and B, verses 5-6:

... I lived as a poet

Without firewood in winter - without droshky in summer ...

(Regarding A, verses 8-9, see commentary on XXVIII, 5-14.)

Obviously, the gap between these fragments and the verses following them was supposed to be filled with the theme of the forthcoming improvement of the Odessa sewerage system. In the draft manuscript (verses 12-14) we read:

And instead of<рафа>IN<оронцова>

There will be fresh<вода> —

Then we'll go there.

Which brings to mind the Lord Chancellor, whom the address "M" lud" [corrupted "my lord"] likened to London mud ("mud") in the first chapter (written in November 1851) of Dickens' Bleak House.

13 Draft manuscript, rejected reading (2370, fol. 66):

And the black guest of his native land ...

i.e. African.

Odessa with sonorous verses

Our friend Tumansky described,

But he has partial eyes

4 At that time I looked at her.

Arriving, he is a direct poet

Went to roam with my lorgnette

Alone over the sea - and then

8 Charming feather

He glorified the gardens of Odessa.

It's all good, but the thing is

That the steppe is naked all around;

12 In some places, recent work has forced

Young branches on a hot day

Give a violent shadow.

1—2 Odessa with sonorous verses / Our friend Tumansky described ...- Tumansky, a minor poet who served with Pushkin at Vorontsov's office, in 1824 dedicated heavy iambic hexameters to Odessa:

6—7 ... to wander over the sea- The image of Tumansky, who "went to wander ... over the sea", that is, along the coast, echoes, with a softened intonation, the passionate "wandering over the sea" in ch. 1, L, 3. It is interesting how the beginning and end of the novel met in the port of Odessa. The tormented and gloomy muse of translation gave me here the unintentional rhyme "then - pen" ("then - with a pen") as a reward for noticing how the topic narrows to a sparkling point in the blue sea.

11 naked steppe— Lyall, in his Travels (I, p. 190), in an entry for May 1822, says:

“The environs of Odessa are a pleasant sight. The once arid steppe is now dotted with villages, and the farms and cultivated fields approaching the city are interspersed with dachas, nurseries, private and public gardens.

And where, I mean, is my story incoherent?

In Odessa dusty, I said.

I could say: in Odessa dirty -

4 And then, right, I wouldn’t lie.

There are five or six weeks in a year Odessa,

By the will of the stormy Zeus,

sunk, dammed,

8 Immersed in thick mud.

All houses will be polluted by arshins,

Only a pedestrian on stilts

It dares to wade along the street;

12 Carriages, people drown, get stuck,

And in the droshky an ox, bowing its horns,

Replaces a sickly horse.

3 ... in Odessa dirty ...— Lyall, Travels (I, p. 171) “The streets in Odessa… are still unpaved… in autumn and spring, after heavy rains, they are unspeakably dirty…”

On October 14, 1823, Pushkin wrote to Vyazemsky from Odessa (where Onegin had also arrived by this time): “We are bored and cold. I am freezing under the midday sky.” And on December 1, 1823 - to Alexander Turgenev "Two songs are already ready" (Onegin has already provided his biographer with material for the second chapter).

10 …on stilts…- It seems that I read somewhere that the inhabitants of Odessa (who speak Russian worst of all in Russia) call wooden shoes intended for mudslides "stilts" (that is, what they walk in!); however, I doubt that Pushkin could needlessly use such vulgar slang. This would destroy the hyperbole on which the entire stanza is built.

But the hammer crushes stones,

And soon the ringing pavement

The saved city will be covered,

4 Like forged armor.

However, in this humid Odessa

There is still an important drawback;

What would you think? - water.

8 It takes hard work...

Well? it's a little grief

Especially when the wine

Brought without duty.

12 But the south sun, but the sea...

What else do you want, friends?

Blessed lands!

1—3 …hammer… city…- The rhyme is wrong and one of the few unsuccessful in EO. Others - in the verse endings of Ch. 2, VI, 10-11 and ch. 3, XIV, 10-11 (worst of all).

6—8 Lyall, who visited Odessa in May 1822, writes (Travels, I, pp. 168-170):

“For commerce and for the growth of this city ... there will always remain ... two formidable obstacles - the lack of a navigable river and the lack of water for life needs ... The main source of water entering Odessa is located [at a distance of about two miles] south of the city on the coast ... The way up the slope is extremely difficult for water-carrying horses and increases the cost of water. A small barrel costs from a ruble to one and a half, depending on the distance.

Sometimes it becomes a pity that Pushkin triggers the magic mechanics of his poems just to express some commonplace idea. puns, produced from the optimistic phrase that the governor (1803-1815) Armand Emmanuel Duke de Richelieu often repeated in response to criticism: “Assez d” eau, eau d “assez” (Later, the jokers claimed that Odessa was so named because it lies “ au-dessous de la mer").

It used to be a cannon

As soon as it bursts from the ship,

Escaping from the steep bank

4 I'm going to the sea.

Then behind a red-hot pipe,

Enlivened by the salty wave,

Like Muslims in their paradise

8 I drink coffee with oriental thickets.

Go for a walk. already benevolent

Casino opened; cups clinking

There is distributed; to the balcony

12 Marker comes out half asleep

With a broom in hand, and at the porch

Two merchants have already met.

The Casino de Commerce club occupied an outbuilding of the Renault house on Deribasovskaya, the corner of Richelieuskaya, where Pushkin lived (the streets are named after two governors - Richelieu and de Ribas). Lyall (Journeys, I, p. 183) writes: “The halls were built many years ago by Monsieur Rainaud [or Reynaud], and, as far as we beamed, they are not empty [in May 1822]. The large oval hall, surrounded by a gallery supported by numerous columns, is used both for balls and as the Exchange, where merchants sometimes make their deals ... "

You look - and the area is full of colors.

They run after work and without work,

4 However, more on business.

Child of calculation and courage,

A merchant goes to look at the flags,

See if heaven sends

8 He knows the sails.

What new products

Are you in quarantine today?

Have the barrels of the expected wines arrived?

12 And what is the plague? where are the fires?

And is there hunger, war

Or similar novelty?

1 You look - and the square is full of colors. — <…>“Looking” in a similar construction means “while you are looking”, “when you look next time” or “soon, right there”<…>The word dazzle, the translator's old enemy (ch. 2, i, 8, ch. 7, li, 6), means here "the people."

12 …fires…- In the draft manuscript (2370, l. 67) the verse reads as follows:

And that Cortes or fires ...

It is quite clear that "fires" in the final text means "revolutions". But the Sov-Pushkinists did not even notice.

But we guys are without sadness,

Among caring merchants,

We only expected oysters

4 From the shores of Constantinople.

What are oysters? come! O joy!

Gluttonous youth flies

Swallow from sea shells

8 Fat and living hermits,

Lightly sprinkled with lemon.

Noise, disputes - light wine

Brought from the cellars

12 On the table helpful Otho;

Hours fly, and a formidable score

Meanwhile, it grows invisibly.

5—6 ... joy ... youth ...- I tried - I'm afraid, not quite successfully - to imitate this rhyme (now obsolete along with the outdated "youth"), in Pushkin's time, as familiar as the similar "sweetness - youth", which the poet will ridicule, will not pass and two years, in ch. 6, XLIV, 5-6 (late 1826). Cf. the French rhyme "allégresse-jeunesse".

8 Wed Dora's fable about the insufficiently insightful oyster. “Huître dodue, fraîche et bien nourrie /…animal tenace s"emprisonne / l"écaillé va s"ouvrir en deux, / Et Mon Seigneur mangera la personne…”

Five decades later, Tolstoy would describe in a much more original language “rough” on the outside and “mother-of-pearl” on the inside of the shells, from which Oblonsky with a silver fork would extract “sloshing” oysters. "Not bad," he repeated, raising his moist and shining eyes first at Levin, then at the Tatar.

12 Othon…- So Pushkin transliterates the name Cesar Automne or Autonne - it was a restaurateur from Deribasovskaya, opposite the Casino.

But the blue evening is getting dark,

It's time for us to the opera soon:

There is the delightful Rossini,

4 Europe minions - Orpheus.

Ignoring harsh criticism

He is forever the same, forever new,

He pours sounds - they boil,

8 They flow, they burn,

Like young kisses

Everything is in bliss, in the flame of love,

Like a hissed ai

12 Jet and splashes of gold ...

But, gentlemen, is it allowed

With wine equate do-re-mi-sol?

3 "Rossini" rhymes with "blue". I can recall only one pre-Pushkinian rhyme for this word - in an ode (1775) by Vasily Petrov (1736-1799), where "blue" rhymes with "hoarfrost".

8—14 This "expanded" comparison of music with champagne, ending in a disparaging clause, is really not too different from the "common" likening of champagne to "this and that" in stanza XLV ch. 4 or "mistress ... living" ibid., in stanza XLVI. With a more provincial variety of sparkling wine, the poet compares "Zizi" at the end of stanza XXXII of Ch. 5. The theme of wine and everything that looks like it is somewhat intrusive.

Is it just charms?

And the investigative lorgnette?

What about backstage dates?

4 A prima donna? what about ballet?

And the bed, where, shining with beauty,

young merchant,

Self-loving and languid,

8 Surrounded by a crowd of slaves?

She both listens and does not listen

And cavatina, and pleas,

And a joke with flattery in half ...

12 And her husband, in the corner behind her, slumbers,

Waking up, the handicap will scream,

He yawns and snores again.

5 Next to this verse in the draft manuscript (2370, l. 68), the name "Monari" (first-class Italian tenor of the Odessa Opera) is written in the margin.

5—14 Here, probably, Amalia Riznich, nee Ripp, is described, the daughter of an Austrian Jewish banker, one of Pushkin's three or four Odessa lovers. She died in Genoa in May 1825, around the same time that Pushkin (who learned of her death more than a year later) was working on these stanzas (around March). Her mother was Italian. Her husband, Ivan Risnich (or, as he wrote in French, Jean Risnich), a wealthy and educated Dalmatian merchant, traded in grain.

It is probably also mentioned in the original draft XX:

There's a cold blooded<купца>

A frisky girlfriend shines.

See also comment. to ch. 10, XIII, 3.

Pushkin courted Amalia Riznich in Odessa in the summer and autumn of 1823. Probably, his passionate elegy is addressed to her, beginning with the words "My voice for you is both gentle and languid ...". At the beginning of 1824, she gave birth to her husband's son, and in May of that year, already very ill with consumption, she left Odessa for Austria and then to Italy, where she died. Her husband, who was staying in Odessa, learned of his wife's death on June 8, 1825. Tumansky published in the almanac Amfiteatrov and Oznobishin "Northern Lyre" for 1827 (published in November 1826) a five-foot sonnet dedicated to Pushkin "On the death of R." , dated July 1825, in Odessa. It is strange that Pushkin learned (from Tumansky?) about the death of Amalia Riznich only in July 1826.

At the beginning of 1827 Riznich married Countess Polina Rzewuska, sister of Karolina Sobańska and Evelina Hanska.

The final thunders; the hall is empty;

Noisy, the junction is in a hurry;

The crowd ran to the square

4 With the gleam of lanterns and stars,

Sons of Ausonia the happy

Lightly sing a playful motive,

Unwittingly hardening it,

8 And we roar recitative.

But it's too late. Odessa sleeps quietly;

And breathless and warm

Silent night. The moon has risen

12 Transparent light curtain

Encompasses the sky. Everything is silent;

Only the Black Sea is noisy...

It is curious to compare this pseudo-Italian night, the golden music of Rossini (XXVII, 11) and the Odessa sons of Ausonius, with the imaginary and desired nights of golden Italy, so romantically recreated in ch. 1, XLIX. It should also be noted that the allusion to the Odessa coast in ch. 1, L links this opening chapter to the last verses EO in its final version. After all, the very last line ("So, I lived then in Odessa ...", with which the Journey begins in the manuscript, XXX) practically coincides with Pushkin's note to the word "sea" in ch. 1, L, 3 ("written in Odessa") - this is the Black Sea, which makes noise in the penultimate verse EO(“Journey”, XXIX, 14) and the line of its horizon connects the beginning and end of the final text of the novel, forming one of those internal compositional circles, examples of which I have already cited in my commentary.

So, I lived then in Odessa

Among newly chosen friends,

Forgetting about the gloomy rake,

4 The hero of my story.

Oneg<ин>never with me

I did not boast of postal friendship,

And I am a happy person

8 Never corresponded

With no one. What amazement

Judge, I was amazed

When he came to me!

12 An uninvited ghost

How loudly gasped friends

And how glad I was!

Belovaya manuscript (PB 18, sheet 1 rev.).

1 …in Odessa…— The last word of the final text. It rhymes with "rake" (see comment below on verse 3), whose nominative case, "rake", in the second stanza EO rhymes with "Zeus", which, in turn, rhymes with "Odessa" in Journey, - an exceptionally pleasant echo of consonances under the vaults of the poem.

3 Forgetting about the gloomy rake ...- The epithet "gloomy" here is close to the French "ténébreux". Such "le beau ténébreux" (beautiful twilight knight, for Beltenebros, as Amadis of Gaul called himself) was a fashionable role model for the youth of the late 1820s. (237)

7—9 Note the leap of the enjambment followed by a grin:

And I am a happy person

Never corresponded

With no one…

Among other reasons for Pushkin's expulsion from Odessa in July 1824 was the poet's intercepted chatty letter to one of his many correspondents (possibly Kuchelbecker).

13 …Friends…- The place of action is Odessa, the time is the autumn of 1823. Two friends (as I understand Pushkin's "friends", which can also mean "our friends with him") have not seen each other since May 1820, when Pushkin left the capital for Yekaterinoslav, and then to the Caucasus, and Onegin went to his uncle's estate located halfway between Opochka and Moscow. The action that began in the first chapter has come full circle. The reader should understand that now, in Odessa, Onegin tells Pushkin about what happened to him during this time. The rest will be told to the poet by the Muse, whom we meet in ch. 7, V, 5 and ch. 8, I-VII.

Here, perhaps, it makes sense, using all available data, to trace the routes of the main travels of both our heroes. At the beginning of 1821, Onegin returned from his estate to St. Petersburg; On June 3 (or July?), he sets off on a journey across Russia, the Moscow and Volga sections of which (summer 1821, when Pushkin was already in Chisinau) lie much east of the Pushkin route (May - June 1821, St. Petersburg - Kiev - Yekaterinoslav - Rostov), ​​but in the North Caucasus their paths are connected.

In May 1820, Pushkin was assigned as a "supernumerary official" to the office of General Inzov, who headed the committee to protect the interests of foreign colonists in southern Russia. Inzov's headquarters was located in Yekaterinoslav (now Dnepropetrovsk), where Pushkin arrived around May 20 from St. Petersburg, not only as a new employee, but also as a courier who delivered the news to the governor of the Bessarabia region, Inzov, about his appointment as the actual governor of Bessarabia. Between Pushkin's departure from Yekaterinoslav (May 28, with the Raevskys) for treatment at the healing waters of Pyatigorsk, in the Caucasus, and his happy days in the Crimea (from the third week of August to September 5), Inzov and his office managed to move to Chisinau, where Pushkin arrived September 21, 1820, four months after he began serving with Inzov in Yekaterinoslav.

Onegin's route repeats Pushkin's route to the Caucasian waters; the next coincidence will be the road to Georgia, where Pushkin traveled in the summer of 1829; Crimea, and in the fall of 1823 he will visit the Bakhchisarai Palace, three years after Pushkin.

In the meantime, Pushkin was transferred, from July 1823, from Chisinau to Odessa under the command of a higher-ranking dignitary, the Novorossiysk (including Bessarabia) Governor-General Count Vorontsov, who turned out to be much stricter and favored Pushkin much less than the old man Inzov. Here at the end

1823 Pushkin and Onegin, who have not seen each other for more than three years, meet again. By the end of July 1824, the friends parted again - Pushkin was sentenced to two years of rural exile in the Pskov estate, and Onegin in mid-August

1824 will appear in St. Petersburg, where he will meet Tatyana, whom he has not seen since January 12, 1821.

It should be noted that inside this circle lies another, small circle, which Pushkin's Muse makes. In May 1812, when she began visiting the thirteen-year-old Pushkin in his lyceum cell (Ch. 8, I), the seventeen-year-old Onegin had already begun a wild life in St. Petersburg, to which he would devote eight years (Ch. 1, IV). By January 8, 1815 (Ch. 8, II), her wings had grown. In 1817-1818. in St. Petersburg, young revelers trail behind her (Ch. 8, III), and in the year 1819 or 1820, together with Pushkin, she tries in vain to teach their new friend, Onegin, the secrets of versification (Ch. 1, VII). At the beginning of May 1820, Onegin travels from St. Petersburg to the countryside (ch. 1, I, II, LI, LII), and the Muse goes with Pushkin to the Caucasus, the Crimea and Moldavia (ch. 8, IV-V). In August 1824, according to the calendar of "real" life, she appears in Mikhailovsky (to be present at the events that followed Onegin's departure - Ch. 8, V), and in August 1824, according to the calendar of the novel, she meets Onegin at the St. Petersburg reception (Ch. 8, VI).

3 …Augurs…- In Cicero in "De divinatione" (II, 24) "Vetus autem illud Catonis admodum scitum est, qui mirari se aiebat quod non rideret haruspex haruspicem cum vidisset". Charuspex (Augur) was a fortune teller who foretold the future from the entrails of animals. Although Cicero here claims that everyone knows Cato's words that he "wondered how soothsayers could look at each other without laughing," no such statement of Cato has come down to us. However, Pushkin's source is not Cicero here. "Les augurs de Rome qui ne peuvent se regarder sans rire" is an old cliché of French journalism. It even exists in reverse Latin translation: "si augur augurern".

Ten years later, we find the same hackneyed comparison in Lermontov’s “Princess Mary” (Pechorin’s entry from “May 13”: “Then, looking significantly into each other’s eyes, as the Roman augurs did, according to Cicero, we began to laugh ...”).

4 The line is not finished. Burtsev thought somewhere that Pushkin and Onegin were quietly giggling about the fact that both of them belonged to the same revolutionary movement. I believe that it was not the speculations of the commentators that made them laugh, but that unholy and insincere friendship, in which friends can completely forget about each other for three years.

Wed the last line of a poem written in the summer of 1819 in Mikhailovsky and addressed by Pushkin to Mikhail Shcherbinin, his St. Petersburg merry friend (verses 27-32):

Let's find joy, dear friend,

In a hazy dream of memories!

Then, shaking my head,

I'll tell you at the door of the coffin

"Do you remember Fanny, my dear?"

And quietly smile both ...

It is curious that Kuchelbecker, who could not possibly have known Pushkin's line "We laughed quietly" from Onegin's Travels, XXX, 4, used a similar adverb "quietly", referring to the same notorious Gaulish formula about the laughing Cicero augurs in Canto III of his wonderful poem "Agasver, the Eternal Jew", written in exile, mainly in 1840-1842, and published many years after his death (1878). Despite its incomprehensible archaism, verbal clumsiness, strange ideas and a number of compositional flaws, the poem, with its impetuous melody and angular originality of language, is an outstanding work and deserves special study.

Not long together we wandered

Along the banks of the Euxine waters.

Fate separated us again

4 And we were given a trip.

Onegin, very chilled

And what I saw, saturated,

Set off to the Neva banks;

8 And I'm from lovely South<ых>ladies,

From<жирных>black sea oysters,

From opera, from dark lodges

And thank God from the nobles,

12 Gone into the shadow of the woods Tr<игорских>,

To the far north county

And my arrival was sad.

Draft manuscript (2382, sheet 17v.).

14 And my arrival was sad. - Throughout the spring of 1824, from the last week of March to the first week of May, the Novorossiysk Governor-General Count Vorontsov, in his letters from Odessa to St. Petersburg, noisily demanded that the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Count Nesselrode, rid him of the unpleasant and inconvenient Mr. -moi de Pouchkine!"), "a weak imitator of Byron" - and at the same time the author of witty epigrams and admirer of the countess. The Vorontsovs' doctor, Dr. William Hutchinson, turned out to be, for all his taciturnity, deafness and poor French, an interesting interlocutor, Pushkin wrote to a friend about his "lessons of pure atheism", the letter was intercepted by the police, and its immoral content prompted the tsar to heed Vorontsov's request. Pushkin, for his part, had long been exhausted by Vorontsov's arrogance, Anglomania and gross prejudice. On May 22, the poet was ordered to deal with the locust invasion near Kherson, Elizavetgrad and Alexandria. The next day he was given four hundred rubles for the journey (a ruble per mile, by mail), but whether he traveled more than the first 120 miles (to Kherson) is unknown, and the original painting, in which Pushkin from a wagon in disgust leads the beating of hordes of insects with poplar branches and tillage with quicklime, historians did not get. On June 7, the wife of one of his closest friends, Princess Vera Vyazemskaya, with children (six-year-old Nikolai and two-year-old Nadezhda) arrived in Odessa and became a confidant of Pushkin's affair with Countess Vorontsova. On June 14, she sailed with her husband to the Crimea; they returned on July 25, and two or three days later, Pushkin was informed that he, dismissed from the state service on July 8 for "bad behavior", should go to his mother's estate Mikhailovskoye. On the evening of July 30, he was last at the Odessa Italian Opera and listened to Rossini's Il Turco in Italia (1814). The next day, with the same uncle whom he took with him from St. Petersburg more than four years ago (with Nikita, the son of Timofey Kozlov), he left for the Pskov province. Having passed Nikolaev, Kremenchug, Priluki, Chernigov, Mogilev, Vitebsk and Opochka, on August 9 Pushkin arrived at Mikhailovskoye, where he found his parents, brother, sister and twenty-nine servants. His relationship with his parents, especially with his father, was always cool, and this meeting caused only an abundance of mutual claims. On October 4, the civil governor of Pskov, Boris Aderkas, reported to the governor-general of the Pskov province and Ostsee provinces (Marquis) Philip Paulucci that Sergei Pushkin had agreed to cooperate with the government and assume the responsibility of supervising the poet. This father's surveillance of his son led to a monstrous quarrel between them, and around November 18, Pushkin's parents left for St. Petersburg; sister Olga left a week earlier, and Lev Pushkin took the white manuscript to the capital EO

Yazykov's poems are ebulliently sonorous and pretentious (his four-foot iambic is a true feast of scads), but both thought and feeling in them are permeated with insipid everydayness. Our poet admired Yazykov in his poems and letters, but I’m not sure that he (who enviously slandered Onegin in his correspondence) was glad when a famous friend equated his elegies with the works of the unambiguously mediocre Lensky (Ch. 4, XXXI, 8-14 ).

Yazykov's poems are of interest to us here only insofar as they capture a picture of Pushkin's village life. Yazykov dedicated several poems to Pushkin, Trigorsky, and even Pushkin's nanny. "A. S. Pushkin", 1826, verse 1-4:

O you, whose friendship is dearer to me

Greetings affectionate rumor,

Sweeter than a pretty girl,

Hurrying to Trigorskoye, one

Voltaire and Goethe and Racine,

Pushkin was famous ...

(Argamak is a large, lean, long-legged horse of an Asian breed.)

On April 14, 1836, at the end of his last stay in Mikhailovsky, already about to return to St. Petersburg, Pushkin, who had buried his mother, wrote to Yazykov from Golubov (Vrevsky estates, next to Trigorsky and Mikhailovsky):

“Guess where I am writing to you from, my dear Nikolai Mikhailovich? from that side ... where exactly ten years the three of us feasted [the third was Aleksey Vulf] ... where your poems and glasses with Emka sounded [capacity is a playful Dorpat, that is, German, alteration of "burnt"], where now we remember you and the old days . Bow to you from the hills of Mikhailovsky, from the canopy of Trigorsky, from the waves of the blue Soroti, from Evpraksia Nikolaevna [Baroness Vrevskaya, nee Wulf], the once half-air maiden [Pushkin parodies himself: ch. 1, XX, 5], now a plump wife, for the fifth time already belly ... "

Pushkin had nine and a half months to live.

13-14 Virgil also says that he hung his "lucid reed pipe" on "this sacred pine" in Bucoliki, eclogue VII:

hic arguta sacra pendebit fistula pinu…

Notes

Paramilitary peasant camps in Novgorod and Staraya Russa, a weak prototype of Soviet labor camps for slaves See comment. to ch. 1, XVII, 6-7. (Note B. H.)

"High Society [Chapter]" (fr.)

Indifference to life, satiety (lat.)

In a recent edition (Pushkin, "Collected Works", vol. 4, edited by Blagoy, Bondi, Vinogradov and Oksman, 1960, even worse than the PSS 1936, which mainly formed its basis), verses 5-6 are given, without any explanation, So:

Some Quaker, Freemason
Ile homegrown Byron.

(Note by V.N.)

Hoffman M. Missing stanzas of Eugene Onegin ( P. and his modern., 1923, IX, issue 33-35, s, 1-328) Hoffmann's decodings, often very thorough, sometimes doubtful, are not confirmed by any photographic documents, but on the other hand, deciphering anything in those years of disasters and terror was already heroism (Note by V.N.)

Seasickness (fr.)

Published later, in 1831, by Voeikov in the "Literary Supplement" to the "Russian Invalid", No. 6, under the heading "False", signed "Stalinsky", according to the publication "Pushkin" (1936), p. 522-524 (Chronicles of the State Literary Museum, I). (Note by V.N.)

cutlets (fr.)

See also a draft letter to Vyazemsky (September 1, 1828, St. Petersburg) “Alexey Poltoratsky blurted out in Tver that I was a spy, I get 2,500 a month for that (which would be very useful to me thanks to the crepe sous) and they already come to me second cousins ​​for places and royal favors" (Note by V.N.)

Shlyapkin instead of "on Radina" is "on Solina", instead of "on Lipskaya" - "on Masha Lanskaya", instead of "on Lidina" - "on Sitskaya". In PSS 1936, I, p. 596, the lines (following Shlyapkin) are rearranged, instead of "on Lidina" we read "on Lidya", instead of Shlyapkin's "Masha Lanskaya" - "on Masha Lipskaya" and instead of "on N-skaya" - "on Lenskaya". (Note by V.N.)

Bon vivant, broken fellow (fr.)

“An old man with a retinue of diseases, / A hero, tormented / Painful scars / Melancholy beauty /…/ They strive here in search of entertainment or health /…/ Anguish, gloomy diseases / And gout in numb hands - / Everything dreads before the magical drink ... " (fr.)

"Enough Water, Enough Water" (fr.)

"Above the sea" (fr.)

"Joy is youth" (fr.)

“A fat oyster, fresh and well-fed /… an uncompromising animal [who] sits in a recluse, / [But] the shell will open / And the Lord will eat this person…” (fr.)

See: Sievers A Family Riznich (new materials) - In the book. P. and his modern., 1927, VIII, no. 31-32, p. 85-104. (Note by V.N.)

It started like this:

You were a love friend on earth:
Your lips breathed sweeter than roses
In living eyes, not made for tears,
Passion burned, the sky of the south shone.

(Note by V.N.)

Guide (fr.)

"Roman augurs who cannot look at themselves without laughing" (fr.)

Or, perhaps, the "deaf philosopher" mentioned in Pushkin's letter was a certain Woolsey, an English teacher at the Richelieu Lyceum in Odessa (Sobr op. 1962, IX, p. 432) (Note by V.N.)

Russian zh or zhzh (sounding the same) is transliterated into French as y, which sounds like m in German, hence “zhzhenka” = “capacity” (Note by V.N.)

(217) Memoirs of P. A. Katenin about Pushkin // Lit. nasl. T. 16-18. M., 1934. S. 639. The conversation took place at the dacha of Count Vasily Valentinovich Musin-Pushkin-Bruce. Pushkin writes:

"P. A. Katenin (whose excellent poetic talent does not interfere with being a subtle critic) remarked to us that this exception, while it may be beneficial for readers, harms the plan of the whole work; for through this the transition from Tatiana, a county young lady, to Tatiana, a noble lady, becomes too unexpected and inexplicable. - A remark incriminating an experienced artist.

(218) P. A. Katenin’s letter to P. V. Annenkov dated April 24, 1853 was published for the first time in 1940 (see: Popov P. A. New materials on the life and work of A. S. Pushkin // Literary Critic, 1940, No. 7-8, p. 23).

(219) The code of stanzas, executed by Nabokov, is different from that presented in the PSS (1937) by BV Tomashevsky. Stanzas I, III and IV are given respectively according to the text of stanzas IX, XI and XII of the final printed version of the eighth chapter; stanza II - according to the second draft edition; stanzas V-VIII - according to Tomashevsky with minor changes: for example, Nabokov gives the date of Onegin's departure from St. Petersburg not July 3, but June 3; omits the draft, stanza IX, as being included in the printed text of "Excerpts from Onegin's Journey"; stanzas X and XI are again given according to the draft manuscript; XII - according to the initial draft stanzas of the then eighth chapter. The same applies to stanza XV, but only the part that was not included in "Excerpts from Onegin's Journey" is given from it. Skipping the printed stanzas, Nabokov again gives stanzas XXX-XXXIV from draft manuscripts, but he calls stanza XXXIII "penultimate" and XXXIV "last."

For ease of use of the electronic version, the stanzas have been combined with a commentary to them.

{220} The electronic version contains the full text of Onegin's Travels. The stanzas published in the lifetime edition are in italics.

(221) Nabokov really noticed Pushkin's mistake and correctly indicated the address of the London Hotel (modern - Nevsky Prospect, 1, corner of Admiralteisky Prospect). Yu. M. Lotman in his commentary erroneously indicates: “Hotel de Londres (London Hotel) was located on the corner of Nevsky and Malaya Morskaya (now Gogol St.)” (Lotman Yu M. A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”. Commentary, L., 1983, p. 379). On Morskaya, but not on the corner with Nevsky, but with Kirpichny Lane, was located in Pushkin's time the "Hotel de Paris", or the hotel "Paris", familiar to the poet, but in this case he simply mixed up two nearby hotels. Perhaps, noticing the confusion, Pushkin excluded the mention of the hotel altogether, since the "Hotel de Paris" did not fit into the rhythm of the verse. The fact that Nabokov is right is also confirmed by Dr. Granville's description of the Hotel London given below.

(222) Baron Andrei Ivanovich Delvig (1813-1887) - cousin of the lyceum comrade Pushkin, military engineer, one of the most accurate and scrupulous memoirists. A separate edition of his memoirs: Delvig A.I. My memories: In 5 vols. M., 1912. Nabokov, most likely, used the publication: Delvig A.I. Half a century of Russian life. M.; L., Academia, 1930. T. 1.

(223) Pushkin's name day falls, in accordance with the church calendar, on June 2 according to Art. Art. (or June 15, New Style), when the memory of St. Alexander, Archbishop of Constantinople (4th century AD).

(224) In the academic PSS (1937), the indicated verse is read in the same way both in the initial draft stanzas and in the consolidated manuscripts of the proposed eighth chapter: “July 3rd” (T. 6. S. 476, 496). The version of “June 3rd” was indeed published, but in earlier editions, for example, in the one prepared by N. O. Lerner for the Brockhaus Collected Works of Pushkin (St. Petersburg, 1909, vol. 3, p. 316).

(225) Novgorod is located 180 km from Petersburg, which roughly corresponds to Nabokov's hundred miles, but 620 km from Moscow is about 350 miles. Torzhok is famous primarily for its gold embroidery on velvet; once Pushkin bought there belts embroidered with gold for Princess V.F. Vyazemskaya.

(226) The distance between Tver and Torzhok is 60 km, which is about 40, but not 130 miles.

(227) This refers to the line of the message: "At Galyani il Coglioni ...". Galliani (Galliani) is an Italian by birth, the founder of a tavern in Tver. Coglione (Coglione) - in Italian in a rude form means "fool", "fool".

(228) "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow" was allowed for publication in Russia only in 1905. In 1856 it was published in London by AI Herzen. Pushkin had a copy of the first edition with Catherine II's notes.

(229) By the time he finished his commentary, Nabokov was not aware of the addition with the publication of this stanza as an alleged draft to the novel in the XVII reference volume (pp. 49-50), signed for publication on December 17, 1959. It was presented in the following form:

"Marry" - To whom? - "On Vera Chatskaya"
Stara - "On [Radina]" - Simple
"On Khalskaya" - Their laughter is stupid
"On Shipovaya" - Poor, fat
"On Minsk" - Breathing too languidly
"On Torbina" - Romances writes
"On Masha Lipskaya" - What a tone!
Grimace, grimacing a million
"On [Lidina]" - What a family!
[Naughty] mother, father is a fool -
“Well, on Lenskaya?” - How not so!
I will accept servility as a kindred
They serve nuts
They drink beer in the theater.

The question mark after the name "Lenskoy" was restored.

(230) That's right - Kuzma Zakharyevich Minin-Sukhorukoy (Sukhoruk). Pushkin wrote in 1836: “... for us, he is the tradesman Kosma Minin, nicknamed Sukhorukoy, or the duma nobleman Kosma Minych Sukhorukoy, or, finally. Kuzma Minin, an elected person from the entire Moscow State .. ”(PSS. T. 12. P. 92)

(231) Dmitriev I. I. Op. SPb., 1893. T. 2. S. 87.

(232) Dmitry Vladimirovich Nabokov (b. 1935) - son of a writer, translator. The translation into English of A Hero of Our Time is his first major translation work, done with the participation of his father.

(233) The correct military term is “field”, hence “field artillery”. The use of the word "steppe" is not associated with rhyme, it is more accurate in opposition: steppes - mountains. Obviously, Pushkin also wants to say that Onegin found himself under the unreliable protection of a convoy with guns not intended for combat in the mountains.

(234) If in Pushkin's note 17 we are really talking about a typo by the publishers, instead of flying home those who printed in the winter fly, which, as Pushkin noted, "didn't make any sense", then in this case no typo was made. The poet had in mind hot mineral springs smoking even in winter.

(235) We are talking about the following verses from the "Fountain of Bakhchisaray":

Breath of roses, fountain noise
Attracted to involuntary oblivion,
The mind involuntarily indulged
inexplicable excitement,
And through the palace with a flying shadow
A maiden flashed before me!

And the “prosaic” description of the fountain in the footnote “An Excerpt from a Letter,” which Nabokov compares with “prosaic nonsense” from Journey, really contrasts with the poetic one: “I arrived in Bakhchisaray sick. I had heard of the strange monument of the enamored khan before. K. poetically described it to me, calling it la fontaine des larmes (Source of Tears). Entering the palace, I saw a spoiled fountain; water was falling drop by drop from a rusty iron pipe.

(236) We are talking about the poem "Odessa" by Vasily Ivanovich Tumansky (1800-1860), written in 1823 and first published in the almanac "Polar Star for 1824".

(237) Amadis of Gaul is the hero of chivalric poetry and novels, also called the "Knight of the Lion" by the image on his shield, and by the way of life in the desert - Beltenebros, that is, "the gloomy knight."

(238) We are talking about the poem by N. M. Yazykov “To P. A. Osipova” (“Thank you for the flowers ...”), first published in the Moscow Bulletin in 1827 (No. 27, p. 83) with subtitled "TO A.S.P." (that is, "To Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin").

Additional excerpts from "Eugene Onegin" for the participants of the competition to record on video

Detailed description of the project - .

11 fragments to read

CHAPTER EIGHT

III
And I, imputing myself to the law
Passion is a single arbitrariness,
Sharing feelings with the crowd
I brought the frisky muse
To the noise of feasts and violent disputes,
Thunderstorms of the midnight watch;
And to them in crazy feasts
She carried her gifts
And how the bacchante frolicked,
At the cup she sang for the guests,
And the youth of bygone days
Behind her violently dragged,
And I was proud among friends
My windy girlfriend.

But I fell behind their union
And he ran into the distance ... She followed me.
How often the affectionate muse
I delighted the dumb way
The magic of a secret story!
How often on the rocks of the Caucasus
She is Lenore, by the moon,
Riding a horse with me!
How often along the banks of Taurida
She me in the darkness of the night
Led to listen to the sound of the sea,
The silent whisper of the Nereid,
Deep, eternal choir of shafts,
A hymn of praise to the father of the worlds.

And, forgetting the distant capital
And glitter and noisy feasts,
In the wilderness of Moldova sad
She's humble tents
Tribes wandering visited,
And between them went wild
And forgot the speech of the gods
For poor, strange languages,
For the songs of the steppe, dear to her ...
Suddenly everything changed around
And here she is in my garden
She appeared as a county lady,
With a sad thought in my eyes,
With a French book in hand.

12 fragment to read

Blessed is he who was young from his youth,
Blessed is he who has ripened in time,
Who gradually life is cold
With years he knew how to endure;
Who did not indulge in strange dreams,
Who did not shy away from the mob of the secular,
Who at twenty was a dandy or a grip,
And at thirty profitably married;
Who got free at fifty
From private and other debts,
Who is fame, money and ranks
Calmly got in line
Who has been talked about for a century:
N.N. is a wonderful person.

But it's sad to think that in vain
We were given youth
What cheated on her all the time,
That she deceived us;
That our best wishes
That our fresh dreams
Decayed in rapid succession,
Like leaves in autumn rotten.
It's hard to see in front of you
One dinner is a long row,
Look at life as a ritual
And following the orderly crowd
Go without sharing with her
No shared opinions, no passions.

13 fragment to read

Her doubts are confusing:
“Will I go forward, will I go back? ..
He is not here. They don't know me...
I will look at the house, at this garden.
And now Tatyana descends from the hill,
Barely breathing; circle around
Full of bewilderment...
And enters a deserted courtyard.
Dogs rushed towards her, barking.
At the cry of her frightened
Guys yard family
Ran noisily. Not without a fight
The boys dispersed the dogs,
Taking the young lady under his protection.

"Can't you see the manor's house?" —
Tanya asked. hurry up
The children ran to Anisya
She has the keys to take from the hallway;
Anisya immediately appeared to her,
And the door opened before them,
And Tanya enters an empty house,
Where did our hero live recently?
She looks: forgotten in the hall
The cue was resting on billiards,
On a crumpled couch lay
Manezhny whip. Tanya is far away;
The old woman told her: “But the fireplace;
Here the gentleman sat alone.

Here I dined with him in the winter
The late Lensky, our neighbor.
Come here, follow me.
Here is the master's office;
Here he rested, ate coffee,
Listened to the clerk's reports
And I read a book in the morning ...
And the old gentleman lived here;
With me, it happened on Sunday,
Here under the window, wearing glasses,
I deigned to play fools.
God bless his soul,
And his bones rest
In the grave, in the damp mother earth!

14 fragment to read

Moscow, Russia's beloved daughter,
Where can you find your equal?
Dmitriev

How not to love your native Moscow?
Baratynsky

Persecution of Moscow! what does it mean to see the light!
Where is better?
Where we are not.
Griboyedov

Chased by spring rays,
There is already snow from the surrounding mountains
Escaped by muddy streams
To flooded meadows.
Nature's clear smile
Through a dream meets the morning of the year;
The skies are shining blue.
Still transparent, forests
As if they are turning green.
Bee for tribute in the field
Flies from the wax cell.
The valleys dry and dazzle;
The herds are noisy, and the nightingale
Already sang in the silence of the nights.

How sad is your appearance to me,
Spring, spring! it's time for love!
What a languid excitement
In my soul, in my blood!
With what heavy tenderness
I enjoy the breath
In my face blowing spring
In the bosom of rural silence!
Or is pleasure alien to me,
And everything that pleases, lives,
All that rejoices and glitters
Brings boredom and languor
On a soul that's been dead for a long time
And everything seems dark to her?

Or, not rejoicing in the return
Leaves that died in autumn
We remember the bitter loss
Listening to the new noise of the forests;
Or with nature brisk
We bring together the confused thought
We are the fading of our years,
Which revival is not?
Perhaps it comes to our mind
In the midst of poetic sleep
Another, old spring
And the heart trembles us
Dream of the far side
About a wonderful night, about the moon ...

15 fragment to read

CHAPTER EIGHT

You can be a good person
And think about the beauty of nails:
Why fruitlessly argue with the century?
Custom despot among people.
The second Chadaev, my Eugene,
Fearing jealous judgments
There was a pedant in his clothes
And what we called a dandy.
It's three hours at least
Spent in front of the mirrors
And came out of the restroom
Like windy Venus
When, wearing a man's outfit,
The goddess is going to the masquerade.

In the last taste of the toilet
Taking your curious gaze,
I could before the learned light
Here describe his attire;
Of course it would be bold
Describe my case:
But pantaloons, tailcoat, vest,
All these words are not in Russian;
And I see, I blame you,
What is it my poor syllable
I could dazzle much less
In foreign words,
Even though I looked in the old days
In the Academic Dictionary.

16 fragment to read

CHAPTER EIGHT

Will I portray in a true picture
secluded office,
Where is the mod pupil exemplary
Dressed, undressed and dressed again?
All than for a plentiful whim
Trades London scrupulous
And along the Baltic waves
For the forest and fat carries us,
Everything in Paris tastes hungry,
Having chosen a useful trade,
Inventing for fun
For luxury, for fashionable bliss, -
Everything decorated the office
Philosopher at the age of eighteen.

Amber on the pipes of Tsaregrad,
Porcelain and bronze on the table
And, feelings of pampered joy,
Perfume in cut crystal;
Combs, steel files,
Straight scissors, curved
And brushes of thirty kinds
For both nails and teeth.
Rousseau (notice in passing)
Could not understand how important Grim
I dared to clean my nails in front of him,
An eloquent madcap (6).
Defender of Liberty and Rights
In this case, it's completely wrong.

Which passage from Eugene Onegin is better to learn?

Issue resolved and closed.

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7 (63309) 9 73 198 7 years

I taught this at school) I don’t even remember why I chose it

It was pleasant, noble,
Short call or cartel:
Courteously, with cold clarity
He called his friend Lensky to a duel.
Onegin from the first movement,
To the ambassador of such a commission
Turning around, without further ado
Said he was always ready.
Zaretsky got up without explanation;
Didn't want to stay
Having a lot to do at home
And immediately went out; but Eugene
Alone with your soul
He was dissatisfied with himself.

And rightly so: in a strict analysis,
Calling himself to a secret court,
He blamed himself for many things:
First of all, he was wrong
What is above love, timid, tender
So the evening joked casually.
And secondly: let the poet
Fooling around; at eighteen
It is forgiving. Eugene,
Loving the young man with all my heart,
Was supposed to render myself
Not a ball of prejudice,
Not an ardent boy, a fighter,
But a husband with honor and intelligence.

He could find feelings
And not to bristle like a beast;
He had to disarm
Young heart. "But now
It's too late; time has flown...
Besides - he thinks - in this matter
The old duelist intervened;
He is angry, he is a gossip, he is a talker...
Of course, there must be contempt
At the cost of his funny words,
But the whisper, the laughter of fools..."
And here is the public opinion!
Spring of honor, our idol!
And that's what the world revolves on!

0 0

8 (336368) 6 26 632 7 years

The village where Eugene missed was a lovely corner
On the first day, without thinking, he dragged a peasant woman into the bushes
And, having succeeded there in the near future, he climbed out of the bush, satisfied.
He looked around his possessions, pissed and said: "Beauty !!!:"
He ordered the women to all gather, counted them personally
And, to better understand, I rewrote them by the hour:
Sometimes he was still in bed, waking up scratching two eggs
And under the window, a woman in the body is already waiting impatiently at the porch!
: At lunch like this, and at dinner too, well, who can stand this, my God ?!
And very soon our Eugene from @bli often fell ill,
Already he was lying alone in bed, he could no longer look at the women!
Habits from childhood not having nothing to do for a long time
He found another idea and began to drink hard
After all, drink in moderation - there is no harm, but our hero was drunk to the light,
He hit an ace with a pistol and drank like a camel in the desert.

0 0

7 (29705) 4 18 61 7 years

CHAPTER EIGHT
XLIII

"Onegin, I was younger then,
I seem to be better
And I loved you; and what?
What have I found in your heart?
What answer? one severity.
Isn't it true? You weren't news
Humble girls love?
And now - God! - the blood freezes
As soon as I remember the cold look
And this sermon... But you
I do not blame: in that terrible hour
You have acted nobly.
You were right before me:
I am grateful with all my heart...

"Then, isn't it? - in a desert,
Far from the vain rumors,
You didn't like me... Well now
Are you following me?
Why do you have me in mind?
Is it not because in high society
Now I must appear;
That I am rich and noble
That the husband is mutilated in battles,
What is it that the yard caresses us for?
Is it because my shame
Now everyone would be noticed
And could bring in society
You seductive honor?

She liked novels early on;
They replaced everything for her;
She fell in love with deceptions
And Richardson and Rousseau.
Her father was a good fellow
Belated in the last century;
But he saw no harm in books;
He never reads
They were considered an empty toy
And didn't care about
What is my daughter's secret volume
Slept until morning under the pillow.
His wife was herself
Mad about Richardson.

She loved Richardson
Not because I read
Not because Grandison
She preferred Lovlas (14);
But in the old days, Princess Alina,
Her Moscow cousin
She often told her about them.
At that time there was still a groom
Her husband, but by captivity;
She sighed for another
Who in heart and mind
She liked much more:
This Grandison was a glorious dandy,
Player and Guard Sgt.


The answer to the first question: There is such a term in the literature "superfluous people" Eugene Onegin is ranked among them. Also include Pechorin (Hero of Our Time) Oblomov (Oblomov) The exact prototype of Onegin is Pechorin. Lament their images on Wiki. You will find a lot in common
On the second: It depends on your imagination, come up with something, if you read it, if not, then read it.
On the third: I think lyrical digressions in "E. Onegin" are needed to describe a detailed picture of the era. In each chapter, lyrical digressions describe a particular theme.

he wrote it for 8 years

1. Because he humiliated and insulted her. Only a bastard can say to a girl in love: "Consolation, I don't love you," and later see the light. When it dawns on Evgeny that he also loves Tatiana, Tatiana directly tells him that she got married and his train left: "I love you, why dissemble? But I am given to another and I will be faithful to him for a century."
2. Let's start with the fact that in the 19th century, for any oblique glance, they fought at the muzzle. And for Onegin, with his eccentric nature, duels were commonplace, and each such duel could be the last in his life. Secondly, he reveled too much in his youth, damn attractiveness and position in society. And I was very afraid that it would be fleeting. Especially while he was caring for a dying uncle, sincerely believing that he was wasting his young years "in vain".

the less woman we love,
The more we want to fuck

read for yourself

• it's clear that tomorrow is monday

  he had prostate cancer
  nothing to lose

  how smart you are, now I will sign all the chapters

Excerpts from "Eugene Onegin" for recording on video - you choose

Detailed description of the project - .

CHAPTER FIRST

1 snippet to read:

I
"My uncle of the most honest rules,
When I fell ill in earnest,
He forced himself to respect
And I couldn't think of a better one.
His example to others is science;
But my god, what a bore
With the sick to sit day and night,
Not leaving a single step away!
What low deceit
Amuse the half-dead
Fix his pillows
Sad to give medicine
Sigh and think to yourself:
When will the devil take you!

II
So thought the young rake,
Flying in the dust on postage,
By the will of Zeus
Heir of all his relatives.
Friends of Lyudmila and Ruslan!
With the hero of my novel
Without preamble, this very hour
Let me introduce you:
Onegin, my good friend,
Born on the banks of the Neva
Where might you have been born?
Or shone, my reader;
I once walked there too:
But the north is bad for me.

III
Serving excellently nobly,
His father lived in debt
Gave three balls annually
And finally screwed up.
The fate of Eugene kept:
At first Madame followed him,
Then Monsieur replaced her.
The child was sharp, but sweet.
Monsieur l'Abbe, poor Frenchman,
So that the child is not exhausted,
Taught him everything jokingly
I did not bother with strict morality,
Slightly scolded for pranks
And he took me for a walk in the Summer Garden.

IV
When will the rebellious youth
It's time for Eugene
It's time for hope and tender sadness,
Monsieur was driven out of the yard.
Here is my Onegin at large;
Shaved in the latest fashion
How London dandy is dressed -
And finally saw the light.
He's completely French
Could speak and write;
Easily danced the mazurka
And bowed at ease;
What do you want more? The world decided
That he is smart and very nice.

2 snippet to read:

We now have something wrong in the subject:
We'd better hurry to the ball
Where headlong in a pit carriage
My Onegin has already galloped.
Before the faded houses
Along a sleepy street in rows
Double carriage lights
Merry pour out light
And rainbows on the snow suggest;
Dotted with bowls all around,
A splendid house shines;
Shadows walk through solid windows,
Flashing head profiles
And ladies and fashionable eccentrics.

Here our hero drove up to the entrance;
Doorman past he's an arrow
Climbing up the marble steps
I straightened my hair with my hand,
Has entered. The hall is full of people;
The music is already tired of thundering;
The crowd is busy with the mazurka;
Loop and noise and tightness;
The spurs of the cavalry guard jingle;
The legs of lovely ladies are flying;
In their captivating footsteps
Fiery eyes fly
And drowned out by the roar of violins
Jealous whisper of fashionable wives.

In the days of fun and desires
I was crazy about balls:
There is no place for confessions
And for delivering a letter.
O you venerable spouses!
I will offer you my services;
I ask you to notice my speech:
I want to warn you.
You also, mothers, are stricter
Look after your daughters:
Keep your lorgnette straight!
Not that…not that, God forbid!
That's why I'm writing this
That I have not sinned for a long time.

CHAPTER TWO

3 snippet to read

Her sister's name was Tatyana...
For the first time with such a name
Gentle pages of a novel
We will sanctify.
So what? it is pleasant, sonorous;
But with him, I know, inseparable
Remembrance of old
Or girlish! We should all
Confess: the taste is very little
With us and in our names
(Let's not talk about poetry);
We don't get enlightenment
And we got from him
Pretense, nothing more.

So, she was called Tatyana.
Nor the beauty of his sister,
Nor the freshness of her ruddy
She would not attract eyes.
Dika, sad, silent,
Like a forest doe is timid,
She is in her family
Seemed like a stranger girl.
She couldn't caress
To my father, not to my mother;
A child by herself, in a crowd of children
Didn't want to play and jump
And often all day alone
She sat silently by the window.

Thought, her friend
From the most lullaby days
Rural Leisure Current
Decorated her with dreams.
Her pampered fingers
Didn't know needles; leaning on the hoop,
She is a silk pattern
Did not revive the canvas.
The desire to rule is a sign
With an obedient doll child
Cooking jokingly
To decency - the law of light,
And importantly repeats to her
Lessons from my mother.

But dolls even in these years
Tatyana did not take it in her hands;
About the news of the city, about fashion
Didn't have a conversation with her.
And there were childish pranks
Alien to her: scary stories
In winter in the dark of nights
They captivated her heart more.
When did the nanny collect
For Olga on a wide meadow
All her little friends
She didn't play with burners
She was bored and sonorous laughter,
And the noise of their windy joys.

CHAPTER THREE

4 fragment to read

Tatiana, dear Tatiana!
With you now I shed tears;
You are in the hands of a fashion tyrant
I have given up my fate.
You will die, dear; but before
You are blindingly hopeful
You call the dark bliss,
You will know the bliss of life
You drink the magical poison of desire
Dreams haunt you
Everywhere you imagine
Happy date shelters;
Everywhere, everywhere in front of you
Your tempter is fatal.

The longing of love drives Tatyana,
And she goes to the garden to be sad,
And suddenly motionless eyes tends,
And she's too lazy to go further.
Raised chest, cheeks
Covered in instantaneous flame,
Breath stopped in the mouth
And in hearing the noise, and the sparkle in the eyes ...
The night will come; the moon goes around
Watch the distant vault of heaven,
And the nightingale in the darkness
Sounding tunes turns on.
Tatyana does not sleep in the dark
And quietly with the nanny says:

“I can’t sleep, nanny: it’s so stuffy here!
Open the window and sit next to me."
- What, Tanya, what's the matter with you? - "I'm bored,
Let's talk about old times.
- About what, Tanya? I used to
Stored in memory a lot
Ancient stories, fables
About evil spirits and girls;
And now everything is dark for me, Tanya:
What I knew, I forgot. Yes,
The bad line has arrived!
Zashiblo ... - "Tell me, nanny,
About your old years:
Were you in love then?

CHAPTER FOUR

5 snippet to read

The dawn rises in a cold haze;
On the fields, the noise of work ceased;
With her hungry wolf
A wolf comes out on the road;
Feeling him, road horse
Snoring - and a cautious traveler
Rushing uphill at full speed;
Shepherd at dawn
Doesn't drive the cows out of the barn,
And at midday in a circle
They are not called by his horn;
Singing in the hut, maiden
Spins, and, winter friend of nights,
A splinter crackles in front of her.

And now the frosts are cracking
And silver among the fields ...
(The reader is already waiting for the rhyme of the rose;
Here, take it quickly!)
Neater than fashionable parquet
The river shines, dressed in ice.
Boys joyful people (24)
Skates cut the ice loudly;
On red paws a goose is heavy,
Having thought to swim in the bosom of the waters,
Steps carefully on the ice
Slides and falls; funny
Flickering, winding the first snow,
Stars falling on the shore.

In the wilderness what to do at this time?
Walk? The village at that time
Involuntarily bothers the eye
Monotonous nakedness.
Riding in the harsh steppe?
But the horse, blunted horseshoe
Infidel hooking on ice
Wait for what will fall.
Sit under the desert roof
Read: here is Pradt, here is W. Scott.
Do not want? - check the flow,
Get angry or drink, and the evening is long
Somehow it will pass, and tomorrow, too,
And have a good winter.

CHAPTER FIVE

6 fragment to read

That year the autumn weather
Stood in the yard for a long time
Winter was waiting, nature was waiting.
Snow fell only in January
On the third night. Waking up early
Tatyana saw through the window
Whitewashed yard in the morning,
Curtains, roofs and fences,
Light patterns on glass
Trees in winter silver
Forty merry in the yard
And softly padded mountains
Winters are a brilliant carpet.
Everything is bright, everything is white around.

Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On firewood updates the path;
His horse, smelling snow,
Trotting somehow;
Reins fluffy exploding,
A remote wagon flies;
The coachman sits on the irradiation
In a sheepskin coat, in a red sash.
Here is a yard boy running,
Planting a bug in a sled,
Transforming himself into a horse;
The scoundrel already froze his finger:
It hurts and it's funny
And his mother threatens him through the window ...

But maybe this kind
Pictures will not attract you:
All this is low nature;
Not much beauty here.
Warmed by God's inspiration,
Another poet with a luxurious style
He painted us the first snow
And all shades of winter bliss;
He will captivate you, I'm sure
Drawing in fiery verses
Secret walks in a sleigh;
But I don't want to fight
Not with him for the time being, not with you,
Young Finnish singer!

CHAPTER SIX

7 fragment to read

Poems have been preserved in case;
I have them; here they are:
"Where, where did you go,
My golden days of spring?
What does the coming day have in store for me?
My gaze catches him in vain,
He lurks in deep darkness.
No need; the law of fate.
Will I fall, pierced by an arrow,
Or she will fly by,
All goodness: wakefulness and sleep
A certain hour comes;
Blessed is the day of worries,
Blessed is the arrival of darkness!

In the morning the morning light will shine
And the bright day will play;
And I, maybe I'm the tomb
I will descend into the mysterious canopy,
And the memory of the young poet
Swallow the slow Leta,
The world will forget me; notes
Will you come, maiden of beauty,
Shed a tear over an early urn
And think: he loved me,
He dedicated one to me
The dawn of a sad stormy life! ..
Dear friend, dear friend,
Come, come, I am your husband!

So he wrote dark and sluggish
(What we call romanticism,
Although there is no romanticism here
I don't see; what's in it for us?)
And finally before dawn
Bowing your weary head
On the buzzword ideal
Quietly Lensky dozed off;
But only sleepy charm
He forgot, already a neighbor
The office enters the silent
And wakes up Lensky with an appeal:
“It’s time to get up: it’s already seven o’clock.
Onegin is truly waiting for us.”

CHAPTER SEVEN

8 snippet to read

My poor Lensky! languishing
She didn't cry for long.
Alas! bride young
Unfaithful to your sorrow.
Another caught her attention
Another managed her suffering
To lull with love flattery,
Ulan knew how to capture her,
We love Ulan with our soul...
And now with him before the altar
She shyly under the crown
Standing with bowed head
With fire in downcast eyes,
With a light smile on your lips.

My poor Lensky! behind the grave
Within eternity deaf
Was the dull singer embarrassed,
Treason fatal news
Or lulled over Lethe
Poet, blissful insensibility,
Not embarrassed by anything
And the world is closed to him and to him? ..
So! indifferent oblivion
Behind the coffin awaits us.
Enemies, friends, lovers voice
Suddenly silent. About one estate
Heirs angry chorus
Starts an obscene argument.

And soon Olya's sonorous voice
In the Larin family, he fell silent.
Ulan, his slave share,
Was supposed to go with her to the regiment.
Shedding bitter tears,
An old woman, saying goodbye to her daughter,
It seemed to be a little alive,
But Tanya could not cry;
Only deathly pallor covered
Her sad face.
When everyone went out on the porch,
And everything, saying goodbye, fussed
Around the carriage of the young,
Tatyana accompanied them.

CHAPTER EIGHT

9 fragment to read

“Really,” Evgeny thinks:
Is she? But definitely... no...
How! from the wilderness of the steppe villages ... "
And the unobtrusive lorgnette
He draws every minute
On the one whose appearance reminded vaguely
He has forgotten features.
"Tell me, prince, don't you know,
Who is there in a raspberry beret
Are you talking to the Spanish ambassador?
The prince looks at Onegin.
— Aha! You haven't been in the world for a long time.
Wait, I'll introduce you. —
"But who is she?" - My wife. —

"So you're married! I didn't know before!
How long ago? - About two years. —
"On whom?" — On Larina. - "Tatyana!"
- Do you know her? “I am their neighbor.”
- Oh, let's go then. The prince is coming
Brings to his wife and her
Family and friend.
The princess looks at him...
And whatever troubled her soul,
No matter how hard she
Surprised, amazed
But nothing changed her.
She kept the same tone.
Her bow was just as quiet.

Hey! not that she shuddered
Ile suddenly turned pale, red...
Her eyebrow did not move;
She didn't even purse her lips.
Although he could not look more diligently,
But also the traces of the former Tatyana
Could not find Onegin.
He wanted to talk to her
And he couldn't. She asked,
How long has he been here, where is he from?
And not from their sides?
Then she turned to her husband
Tired look; slipped out...
And he remained motionless.

10 fragment to read

Love for all ages;
But to young, virgin hearts
Her impulses are beneficial,
Like spring storms to fields:
In the rain of passions they freshen up,
And they are renewed, and they ripen -
And a mighty life gives
And lush color and sweet fruit.
But at a late and barren age,
At the turn of our years
Sad passion dead trail:
So cold autumn storms
The meadow is turned into a swamp
And expose the forest around.

There is no doubt: alas! Eugene
In love with Tatiana like a child;
In the anguish of love thoughts
And he spends day and night.
Mind not listening to strict penalties,
To her porch, glass porch
He drives up every day;
He follows her like a shadow;
He is happy if she throws
Boa fluffy on the shoulder,
Or touch hot
Her hands, or part
Before her is a motley regiment of liveries,
Or raise a handkerchief to her.

She doesn't notice him
No matter how he fights, even die.
Accepts freely at home
Away with him says three words,
Sometimes he will meet with one bow,
Sometimes they don't notice at all.
There is not a drop of coquetry in it -
He is not tolerated by the upper world.
Onegin begins to turn pale:
She either can’t see, or isn’t sorry;
Onegin dries up - and hardly
He no longer suffers from consumption.
Everyone sends Onegin to the doctors,
They send him in chorus to the waters.

But he does not go; he advance
Ready to write to great-grandfathers
About an early meeting; and Tatyana
And there is no case (their gender is like that);
And he is stubborn, does not want to fall behind,
Still hoping, busy;
Courage healthy, sick,
Princess with a weak hand
He writes a passionate message.
Even if it makes little sense
He saw in letters not in vain;
But, to know, heartache
It has already come to him unbearable.
Here is his letter to you.

11 fragments to read

CHAPTER EIGHT

III
And I, imputing myself to the law
Passion is a single arbitrariness,
Sharing feelings with the crowd
I brought the frisky muse
To the noise of feasts and violent disputes,
Thunderstorms of the midnight watch;
And to them in crazy feasts
She carried her gifts
And how the bacchante frolicked,
At the cup she sang for the guests,
And the youth of bygone days
Behind her violently dragged,
And I was proud among friends
My windy girlfriend.

But I fell behind their union
And he ran into the distance ... She followed me.
How often the affectionate muse
I delighted the dumb way
The magic of a secret story!
How often on the rocks of the Caucasus
She is Lenore, by the moon,
Riding a horse with me!
How often along the banks of Taurida
She me in the darkness of the night
Led to listen to the sound of the sea,
The silent whisper of the Nereid,
Deep, eternal choir of shafts,
A hymn of praise to the father of the worlds.

And, forgetting the distant capital
And glitter and noisy feasts,
In the wilderness of Moldova sad
She's humble tents
Tribes wandering visited,
And between them went wild
And forgot the speech of the gods
For poor, strange languages,
For the songs of the steppe, dear to her ...
Suddenly everything changed around
And here she is in my garden
She appeared as a county lady,
With a sad thought in my eyes,
With a French book in hand.

12 fragment to read

Blessed is he who was young from his youth,
Blessed is he who has ripened in time,
Who gradually life is cold
With years he knew how to endure;
Who did not indulge in strange dreams,
Who did not shy away from the mob of the secular,
Who at twenty was a dandy or a grip,
And at thirty profitably married;
Who got free at fifty
From private and other debts,
Who is fame, money and ranks
Calmly got in line
Who has been talked about for a century:
N.N. is a wonderful person.

But it's sad to think that in vain
We were given youth
What cheated on her all the time,
That she deceived us;
That our best wishes
That our fresh dreams
Decayed in rapid succession,
Like leaves in autumn rotten.
It's hard to see in front of you
One dinner is a long row,
Look at life as a ritual
And following the orderly crowd
Go without sharing with her
No shared opinions, no passions.

13 fragment to read

Her doubts are confusing:
“Will I go forward, will I go back? ..
He is not here. They don't know me...
I will look at the house, at this garden.
And now Tatyana descends from the hill,
Barely breathing; circle around
Full of bewilderment...
And enters a deserted courtyard.
Dogs rushed towards her, barking.
At the cry of her frightened
Guys yard family
Ran noisily. Not without a fight
The boys dispersed the dogs,
Taking the young lady under his protection.

"Can't you see the manor's house?" —
Tanya asked. hurry up
The children ran to Anisya
She has the keys to take from the hallway;
Anisya immediately appeared to her,
And the door opened before them,
And Tanya enters an empty house,
Where did our hero live recently?
She looks: forgotten in the hall
The cue was resting on billiards,
On a crumpled couch lay
Manezhny whip. Tanya is far away;
The old woman told her: “But the fireplace;
Here the gentleman sat alone.

Here I dined with him in the winter
The late Lensky, our neighbor.
Come here, follow me.
Here is the master's office;
Here he rested, ate coffee,
Listened to the clerk's reports
And I read a book in the morning ...
And the old gentleman lived here;
With me, it happened on Sunday,
Here under the window, wearing glasses,
I deigned to play fools.
God bless his soul,
And his bones rest
In the grave, in the damp mother earth!

14 fragment to read

Moscow, Russia's beloved daughter,
Where can you find your equal?
Dmitriev

How not to love your native Moscow?
Baratynsky

Persecution of Moscow! what does it mean to see the light!
Where is better?
Where we are not.
Griboyedov

Chased by spring rays,
There is already snow from the surrounding mountains
Escaped by muddy streams
To flooded meadows.
Nature's clear smile
Through a dream meets the morning of the year;
The skies are shining blue.
Still transparent, forests
As if they are turning green.
Bee for tribute in the field
Flies from the wax cell.
The valleys dry and dazzle;
The herds are noisy, and the nightingale
Already sang in the silence of the nights.

How sad is your appearance to me,
Spring, spring! it's time for love!
What a languid excitement
In my soul, in my blood!
With what heavy tenderness
I enjoy the breath
In my face blowing spring
In the bosom of rural silence!
Or is pleasure alien to me,
And everything that pleases, lives,
All that rejoices and glitters
Brings boredom and languor
On a soul that's been dead for a long time
And everything seems dark to her?

Or, not rejoicing in the return
Leaves that died in autumn
We remember the bitter loss
Listening to the new noise of the forests;
Or with nature brisk
We bring together the confused thought
We are the fading of our years,
Which revival is not?
Perhaps it comes to our mind
In the midst of poetic sleep
Another, old spring
And the heart trembles us
Dream of the far side
About a wonderful night, about the moon ...

15 fragment to read

CHAPTER EIGHT

You can be a good person
And think about the beauty of nails:
Why fruitlessly argue with the century?
Custom despot among people.
The second Chadaev, my Eugene,
Fearing jealous judgments
There was a pedant in his clothes
And what we called a dandy.
It's three hours at least
Spent in front of the mirrors
And came out of the restroom
Like windy Venus
When, wearing a man's outfit,
The goddess is going to the masquerade.

In the last taste of the toilet
Taking your curious gaze,
I could before the learned light
Here describe his attire;
Of course it would be bold
Describe my case:
But pantaloons, tailcoat, vest,
All these words are not in Russian;
And I see, I blame you,
What is it my poor syllable
I could dazzle much less
In foreign words,
Even though I looked in the old days
In the Academic Dictionary.