Oblomov Ilya Ilyich - the main character of the novel "Oblomov". Landowner, nobleman living in St. Petersburg. Leads a lazy life. Doesn't do anything, just dreams and "decomposes" lying on the couch. A bright representative of Oblomovism.
Stolz Andrei Ivanovich is a childhood friend of Oblomov. Half German, practical and active. The antipode of I. I. Oblomov.
Let's compare the heroes according to the following criteria:
Memories of childhood (including memories of parents).
I. I. Oblomov. From early childhood, everything was done for him: “The nanny is waiting for his awakening. She pulls on his stockings; he is not given, he is naughty, dangles his legs; the nanny catches him." “.. She washes him, combs his head and leads him to his mother. Since childhood, he also bathed in parental affection and care: “Mother showered him with passionate kisses ...” The nanny was everywhere, for days on end, like a shadow following him, constant guardianship did not end for a second: “... all the days and nights of the nanny were filled with turmoil, running around: either by trying, or by living joy for the child, or by fear that he will fall and hurt his nose ... ”.
Stolz. His childhood passes in a useful but tedious study: “From the age of eight he sat with his father behind a geographical map ... and with his mother he read sacred history, taught Krylov’s fables ...” His mother was constantly worried about her son: “... she would have kept him near her.” But his father was completely indifferent and cold-blooded to his son, and often "put his hand": "... and kicked him from behind so that he knocked him down."
Attitude towards study and work.
Oblomov. He went to school without much interest and desire, hardly sat in the classroom, to overcome any book for Oblomov was a great success and joy. “Why all these notebooks ... of paper, time and ink? Why study books? ... When to live? Instantly cold to one or another kind of activity, be it study, books, hobbies. The same attitude was to work: “... you study, you read that the time of disaster is about to come, an unhappy person; here you gather your strength, work, homogenize, endure terribly and work, everything is preparing clear days.
Stolz. He studied and worked from childhood - the main concern and task of his father. Teaching and books fascinated Stoltz throughout his life. Labor is the essence of human existence. "He served, retired, went about his business and actually made a home and money."
Attitude to mental activity.
Oblomov. Despite the lack of love for study and work, Oblomov was far from being a stupid person. Some thoughts, pictures were constantly spinning in his naked, he constantly made plans, but for completely incomprehensible reasons, all this was put off in a debt box. “When he gets out of bed in the morning, after tea he immediately lies on the sofa, props his head with his hand and thinks it over, sparing no effort, until, finally, his head gets tired ..”
Stolz. Realist to the core. A skeptic in life and in thought. “He was afraid of any dream, or, if he entered her area, then he entered, as they enter a grotto with an inscription ... knowing the hour or minute when you leave from there.”
Choice of life goals and ways to achieve them. (Including lifestyle.)
Oblomov. Life is monotonous, devoid of colors, every day is similar to the previous one. His problems and worries are breathtakingly funny and ridiculous, even funnier he solves them by turning from side to side. The author justifies Oblomov with all his might, saying that he has a lot of ideas and goals in his head, but none of them materialize.
Stolz. Skepticism and realism are everywhere. “He walked firmly, cheerfully; lived on a budget, trying to spend every day, like every ruble. “And he himself went stubbornly along the chosen path.”
The great Russian writer, Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov, published his second novel Oblomov in 1859. It was a very difficult time for Russia. The society was divided into two parts: the first, and the minority - those who understood the need to abolish serfdom, those who were not satisfied with the life of ordinary people in Russia; the second, the majority, were landowners, “masters,” wealthy people whose life consisted of idle pastime, that is, those who lived off the peasants who belonged to them. In the novel, the author tells us about the life of the landowner Oblomov, about his friends.
So, the main character of the novel is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. But the author pays a lot of attention to Oblomov's best friend, Stolz. Both heroes live at the same time, and it would seem that they should be similar, but is it?
Oblomov appears before us as a man “... about thirty-two or three years old, of medium height, good-looking, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glimmered all over his face.” Stolz is the same age as Oblomov, “thin , he has almost no cheeks at all, ... his complexion is even, swarthy and no blush; eyes, although a little greenish, but expressive. Oblomov's parents were Russian nobles, they owned several hundred souls of serfs. Stolz was half German by his father, his mother was a Russian noblewoman. Faith, Andrei Ivanovich, professed Orthodox, spoke Russian.
Oblomov and Stolz have known each other since childhood, they studied at a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhlev. Stolz's father was a manager there. “Maybe Ilyusha would have had time to learn something well from him if Oblomovka was five hundred miles from Verkhlev ... The charm of the Oblomov atmosphere, lifestyle and habits extended to Verkhlev; ... there, except for Stolz’s house, everything primitive laziness, simplicity of morals, silence and immobility. But Ivan Bogdanovich raised his son strictly: “From the age of eight, he sat with his father behind a geographical map, disassembled Herder, Wieland, biblical verses according to the warehouses and summed up the illiterate accounts of peasants, bourgeois and factory workers, and read sacred history with his mother, taught Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemachus. As for physical education, Oblomov was not even allowed out into the street, and Stolz “having come off the pointer, he ran to destroy bird nests with the boys”, sometimes, it happened, disappearing from home for a day. Oblomov from childhood was surrounded by the tender care of his parents and nanny, and Stoltz was brought up in an atmosphere of constant mental and physical labor.
But both Oblomov and Stolz are already over thirty, what are they now? Ilya Ilyich turned into a lazy gentleman, whose life is spent lying on the couch: “Ilya Ilyich’s lying down was neither a necessity, like a sick person or a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like someone who is tired, nor pleasure, like lazy man: that was his normal state.” Stoltz, on the other hand, cannot imagine life without movement: “He is constantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; you need to write some project or adapt a new idea to the case - choose it. Meanwhile, he travels to the world and reads: when he has time - God knows.
Comparing Oblomov and Stolz, we see that they are very different, but what unites them? Yes, no doubt, friendship, but what else? It seems to me that they are united by an eternal and deep sleep. Oblomov sleeps on his sofa, and Stolz sleeps in his stormy and eventful life. “Life: life is good!” Oblomov says, “What is there to look for? interests of the mind, heart? Just look where is the center around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are the dead, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society! ... Don't they sleep sitting all their lives? How am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with triplets and jacks? I fully agree with Oblomov and believe that people who live without a specific, lofty goal are simply sleeping in pursuit of satisfying their desires.
But who is more needed by Russia, Oblomov or Stolz? Of course, such progressive people as Stolz are simply necessary, especially at the beginning of the third millennium. But the Oblomovs will never die, there is a part of Oblomov in each of us, we are all a little Oblomov in our souls. It seems to me that the problem of the "sleeping man", raised in the nineteenth century by Goncharov, is still relevant today. Lenin’s words are known that even after three revolutions, “the old Oblomov remained and it takes a long time to wash, clean, ruffle and tear him so that some sense comes out.”
Plan
1. Childhood of the main characters
2. Fatherhood and youth
3.Maturity
4.Conclusion
Childhood of the main characters
Oblomov and Stolz grew up practically together. The Oblomov family owned the nearby villages of Sosnovka and Vavilovka, which were most often combined in one name - Oblomovka. Five versts from them was the village of Verkhlevo. The owner did not show up in it, leaving all management in the hands of Father Stolz. Little Ilya was in the center of attention of the whole family. He was pampered and fed with sweets. The child was allowed to walk only with the nanny, who was strictly punished not to leave him alone.
Ilya was naturally inquisitive, he wanted to run and frolic, but the nanny immediately stopped all his attempts. The child received complete freedom only after dinner, when the whole Oblomovka plunged into a deep sleep. Ilya began to explore all available places, but did not dare to go beyond the courtyard. The child learned the world around him mainly from the stories of his mother and from the fairy tales of his nanny. Fabulous life replaced the real.
Andrei grew up in Verkhlev. His father was German, his mother was Russian. The elder Stolz dreamed that his son would follow his path. His mother wanted to make him a gentleman. From an early age, Andrei received practical knowledge from his father. Otherwise, he was completely free and spent his free time with the village children. The child was distinguished by a violent and restless disposition: he fought and ruined bird nests.
When Andrei disappeared for a whole week, Ivan Bogdanovich Stoltz was not even worried. When his son finally returned, he only asked if he had done the required translation. Having received a negative answer, the father rudely pushed his son out of the house and said that he could only return with a translation and a role learned for his mother. Andrei disappeared for another week, but he did everything.
Adolescence and youth
At the age of thirteen, Ilya was given as an apprentice to Ivan Bogdanovich. Parents did not see any use from science. They only heard that at the present time, a diploma is needed to obtain ranks. Since there were five miles between the villages, Ilya had to leave for Stolz for a week. Under various pretexts (holidays, heat, cold), these trips were postponed. Education was haphazard and of little use. The nanny was replaced by Zakharka, who was obliged to fulfill the slightest desire of the barchon. This spoiled Ilya so much that he soon lost all ability for independent activity.
At the same age, Andrei was already a completely independent person. His father trusted him to travel alone with assignments to the city and paid money for this. Moreover, Andrei soon became a tutor at his father's boarding school and received a salary for this. After graduating from university, young Stolz came to Verkhlevo and lived there for only three months. His father sent him to St. Petersburg, where Oblomov was already. Childhood friends met in St. Petersburg. At that time, their aspirations were similar. Both dreamed of a great career, travel and discovery.
Oblomov and Stolz often walked together, went out "to people", met girls. But Oblomov's natural laziness took its toll. He became sick of the service, and two years later he resigned. Ilya Ilyich increasingly closed himself in his apartment and stopped relations with acquaintances. Stolz could not help his friend, as he constantly made trips not only in Russia, but also abroad on business.
Maturity
When the friends were over thirty years old, it became clear that their characters and way of life were formed and represented a complete opposite. Ilya Ilyich turned his apartment in St. Petersburg into a small piece of Oblomovka. He spends most of his time in bed. Oblomov's sleep is interrupted only during meals. He is still served by Zakhar, who was taken out of the village. The apartment is in terrible disarray. Ilya Ilyich is not capable of completing a single task. In imagination he may develop various plans, but they never get practical implementation.
Stolz had by this time traveled up and down Russia and Europe. He also left the service, but not out of laziness, but in order to take up his own commercial affairs. Andrew is always on the move. Having set a goal for himself, he stubbornly achieves its implementation. Stolz is considered a cold and insensitive person. This is not entirely true. It’s just that Andrei is too rational, he doesn’t have time to show feelings.
Conclusion
Stolz and Oblomov are radically different in character and lifestyle. This happened due to different upbringing. Representing the complete opposite, Andrei and Ilya remain the most faithful friends, sincerely loving and respecting each other.
Oblomov Ilya Ilyich - the main character of the novel "Oblomov". Landowner, nobleman living in St. Petersburg. Leads a lazy life. Doesn't do anything, just dreams and "decomposes" lying on the couch. A bright representative of Oblomovism.
Stolz Andrei Ivanovich is a childhood friend of Oblomov. Half German, practical and active. The antipode of I. I. Oblomov.
Let's compare the heroes according to the following criteria:
Memories of childhood (including memories of parents).
I. I. Oblomov. From early childhood, everything was done for him: “The nanny is waiting for his awakening. She pulls on his stockings; he is not given, he is naughty, dangles his legs; the nanny catches him." “.. She washes him, combs his head and leads him to his mother. Since childhood, he also bathed in parental affection and care: “Mother showered him with passionate kisses ...” The nanny was everywhere, for days on end, like a shadow following him, constant guardianship did not end for a second: “... all the days and nights of the nanny were filled with turmoil, running around: either by trying, or by living joy for the child, or by fear that he will fall and hurt his nose ... ”.
Stolz. His childhood passes in a useful but tedious study: “From the age of eight he sat with his father behind a geographical map ... and with his mother he read sacred history, taught Krylov’s fables ...” His mother was constantly worried about her son: “... she would have kept him near her.” But his father was completely indifferent and cold-blooded to his son, and often "put his hand": "... and kicked him from behind so that he knocked him down."
Attitude towards study and work.
Oblomov. He went to school without much interest and desire, hardly sat in the classroom, to overcome any book for Oblomov was a great success and joy. “Why all these notebooks ... of paper, time and ink? Why study books? ... When to live? Instantly cold to one or another kind of activity, be it study, books, hobbies. The same attitude was to work: “... you study, you read that the time of disaster is about to come, an unhappy person; here you gather your strength, work, homogenize, endure terribly and work, everything is preparing clear days.
Stolz. He studied and worked from childhood - the main concern and task of his father. Teaching and books fascinated Stoltz throughout his life. Labor is the essence of human existence. "He served, retired, went about his business and actually made a home and money."
Attitude to mental activity.
Oblomov. Despite the lack of love for study and work, Oblomov was far from being a stupid person. Some thoughts, pictures were constantly spinning in his naked, he constantly made plans, but for completely incomprehensible reasons, all this was put off in a debt box. “When he gets out of bed in the morning, after tea he immediately lies on the sofa, props his head with his hand and thinks it over, sparing no effort, until, finally, his head gets tired ..”
Stolz. Realist to the core. A skeptic in life and in thought. “He was afraid of any dream, or, if he entered her area, then he entered, as they enter a grotto with an inscription ... knowing the hour or minute when you leave from there.”
Choice of life goals and ways to achieve them. (Including lifestyle.)
Oblomov. Life is monotonous, devoid of colors, every day is similar to the previous one. His problems and worries are breathtakingly funny and ridiculous, even funnier he solves them by turning from side to side. The author justifies Oblomov with all his might, saying that he has a lot of ideas and goals in his head, but none of them materialize.
Stolz. Skepticism and realism are everywhere. “He walked firmly, cheerfully; lived on a budget, trying to spend every day, like every ruble. “And he himself went stubbornly along the chosen path.”
Love in Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" (relations between Oblomov and Olga, Oblomov and Pshenitsyna, Stolz and Olga).
The novel by I. A. Goncharov “Oblomov” shows three love stories: Oblomov and Olga, Oblomov and Agafya Matveevna, Olga and Stolz. They all have a different attitude to love, they have different goals in life, different views on life itself, but they have something in common - the ability to love. They are looking for their love for a long time and, only having found it, they find true happiness.
Ilya Ilyich Oblomov is a typical Russian gentleman. He grew up as a bobak and therefore he doesn’t know how and doesn’t want to do anything, he just lies on the couch all day long, eats, sleeps and makes grandiose plans for the future. Even Stoltz, his closest friend, cannot bring him out of a state of complete inactivity. But the situation changes dramatically after Oblomov's acquaintance with Olga Ilyinskaya. She was considered an unusual girl, there was “no affectation, no lies, no coquetry” in her. It was for this sincerity, purity, directness that he fell in love with Olga. The heroine first tries to awaken him to life, and then fell in love with him for his kindness, gentleness, and romance.
In the summer, Oblomov follows Olga to the dacha, where their love blooms in full force. But already here he understands that he and Olga are different people, that she does not love him, but only the future Oblomov.
Returning to St. Petersburg, they continue to meet, although Oblomov again leads a sedentary lifestyle. He begins to imagine how many things need to be done for the wedding - to settle things in Oblomovka, to find a new apartment, to prepare everything for the wedding, to visit old friends and invite them to visit. The hero is afraid of these troubles and therefore begins to move away from Olga, excused either by illness or by the poor condition of the roads. She begins to realize that Ilya Ilyich is far from the person she painted in her imagination, and that she cannot make the real Oblomov perfect. Therefore, Olga breaks with Oblomov.
Their break should have been a relief for Oblomov, but it brings him heartache. He loved sincerely, the end of the relationship killed the remnants of the energetic, active Oblomov.
The hero again plunges into the pool of idleness and daydreaming. All worries about him are taken over by his landlady, Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna. She herself does not know why she loves Ilya Ilyich. Perhaps he differs sharply from her surroundings, from servile officials like her late husband, perhaps she discerned his gentleness, sensitivity, kindness. She sacrifices a lot for him, sells her things so that he always feels good. The hero likes her constant movement, her unobtrusive concern for him, her willingness to give everything for a loved one. Oblomov begins to get used to it. He marries Agafya Matveevna, their son Andrey is born.
Until the death of Ilya Ilyich, she takes care of him, takes him for walks, cares and cherishes him. After his death, she is the only one who does not forget him, takes care of his grave. She gives their son Andrey to Stolz and Olga, so that the son is brought up in the same environment as his father, so that he becomes a real nobleman.
Oblomov found in the widow Pshenitsyna a woman from his dreams, who lived only for the sake of her husband and children. She brightened up his last days, helped him live them calmly, without needing anything.
After the break with Oblomov, Olga cannot recover for a long time. Together with her aunt, she leaves for a trip to Europe, where she meets with Stolz. Andrei was very surprised to see instead of the cheerful girl that Olga was before leaving, a serious young woman. He understands that the “new” Olga is the ideal he aspired to. Stolz confesses his love to her. Olga, on the other hand, is afraid of the feeling for Stolz that is emerging in her, she believes that you can love only once and that now she cannot truly love anyone. Stolz explains to her that she did not love Oblomov, it was only a preparation for love, and Olga will still be happy.
The joint life of Stolz and Olga is similar to the dreams of Ilya Ilyich: their own house in the Crimea, children, every evening they read books, newspapers, discuss new inventions and discoveries, argue on various topics. But Olga feels some kind of dissatisfaction, some kind of unconscious striving forward. These aspirations help her to look at life “with more love”.
In his novel, Goncharov showed different faces of love: Agafya Matveevna's sacrificial love, Olga's idealized love for Oblomov, the union of two loving people - Olga and Stolz. Each of them is beautiful in its own way, each of them is possible only for a certain type of people. Olga, Stolz, Oblomov, Pshenitsyn's widow are completely different people, but they have a common goal - to be with a loved one, to have a family. Love is a great feeling, there are no class barriers for it (Oblomov and Agafya Matveevna). If you really love, you will do everything for your loved one.
Comparative characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz
Lazy people are always going to do something.
Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues.
The novel "Oblomov" was written by I.A. Goncharov in 1859. When the work was published, it captured all the attention of society. Critics and writers called the novel “a sign of the times” (N.A. Dobrolyubov), “the most important thing that has not been for a long time” (L.N. Tolstoy), a new word has appeared in everyday life: “Oblomovism”. I.S. Turgenev once remarked: “As long as at least one Russian remains, Oblomov will be remembered until then.”
Starting to read this work, to be honest, I was a little annoyed. From the first chapters, the image of Oblomov was incomprehensible to me, and even ... I had a certain dislike for this character. Not to the work itself, but to it. I can explain - my namesake greatly resented me with his laziness and apathy. It was unbearable. And how glad I was to learn in the process of reading this novel that Oblomov has, as Dobrolyubov puts it, an “antidote” - his friend, Andrei Stoltz. Strange, but for some reason I was very happy. I noticed that Goncharov took advantage of this antithesis for a reason - he shows two opposites, originally conceived as an opposition between the West and Russia. But I learned about this a little later, in a literature lesson ...
What about the comparison of these characters? Take, for example, the image of Oblomov in the novel. He is not drawn with satirical, but rather with soft, sad humor, although his laziness and inertia often appear grotesque, for example, in the first part of the novel, Oblomov's day is described, during which the hero cannot gather strength for a long time and painfully to get up from the couch . This is how the main character appears before us. Why be surprised? Everything comes from childhood! Let's remember Oblomovka, the village where Ilya lived as a child... Oblomovka is a village of peace, blessings, sleep, laziness, illiteracy, stupidity. Everyone in it lived for his own pleasure, without experiencing any mental, moral and spiritual needs. The Oblomovites had no goals, no troubles; no one thought about why man, the world, was created. And it was in this atmosphere that Ilya Ilyich Oblomov grew up and, I’m not afraid of this word ... “educated” Ilya Ilyich Oblomov ... Further, in the process of reading, we learn about his studies at the boarding school, where he “... listened to what the teachers said, because there was nothing else to do it was impossible, and with difficulty, with sweat, with sighs, he learned the lessons given to him ... ”About the same later, he treated the service. True, at the very beginning he dreamed of serving Russia, "until he was strong." But laziness and indifference to life were so deep that all his noble dreams remained unfulfilled. He turns into a sloth and couch potato. The people around you are used to it. But do not think that Oblomov is completely hopeless. All his strengths and all his positive qualities are revealed in his romance with Olga Ilyinskaya, which, however, is torn apart due to Oblomov's inability to radically change his lifestyle and take serious practical steps.
What about Stoltz? Stolz is the complete opposite of Oblomov. Half German by nationality, he grew up in an atmosphere of mental and physical labor. Stolz has been accustomed to order since childhood and knows for sure that everything in life can only be achieved through hard work. He repeated this thought to Oblomov tirelessly. This is natural, because Ilya Ilyich was nurtured like "an exotic flower in a greenhouse." Stolz, on the other hand, grew up as "a cactus accustomed to drought." And just like that, all this was the soil for the further way of life of a friend of Ilya Ilyich. Andrei is energetic, not devoid of charm, gives the impression of a reliable person. As for me, but I see a strong and straightforward personality in Stolz, I don’t understand why Chekhov said otherwise about him. Stolz is super-energetic, muscular, active, firmly on his feet, amassed a large capital, a scientist who travels a lot. He has friends everywhere, he is respected as a strong personality. He is one of the main representatives of the trading company. He is cheerful, cheerful, hardworking ... This is the difference from Oblomov, which is evident.
Behind the antithesis of Stolz and Oblomov, one can see the opposition of the West and Russia. Stolz is portrayed by Goncharov as a harmonious, comprehensively developed personality, combining German pragmatism and Russian spirituality. He is clearly idealized by the author, who sees the future of Russia in Stolz and others like him, the possibility of its progressive development, this is emphasized in the plot by the fact that Olga Ilyinskaya gives her hand to Stolz. This, in my opinion, is the main comparison between Andrei Stolz and Ilya Oblomov.
