The theme of education in the comedy "Undergrowth" is the main one. The very title of the work testifies to this. "Undergrowth" was the name given to uneducated young nobles who, by decree in 1714 of Peter I, had no right to enter the service and marry without a certificate of education (the comedy itself was written in 1781). Fonvizin himself, a man who supports the ideals of education, reacted sharply to the unwillingness of the noble youth to study and the outdated education system in Russia that needed reform.
In "Undergrowth" the theme of education affects almost every hero of the play. Due to the fact that the work belongs to classicism, the characters by the author himself are clearly divided into positive and negative - “educated” and “ill-mannered”. The first "camp" includes Starodum, Pravdin, Sophia and Milon. To the second - the spouses Prostakov, Mitrofan and Skotinin.
Analyzing the characters in more detail, you can see that only representatives of the Skotinin family are “ill-mannered” - that is, Skotinin himself, his sister Mrs. Prostakova and Mitrofan. Even at the beginning of the play, their attitude to education and upbringing becomes clear - according to Prostakova, when you need to read a letter from Starodum: “That's what we have lived to. They write letters to the girls! Girls can read and write!” and “No, madam, I, thanks to God, have not been brought up like that,” and Skotinina: “Me? I never read anything in my life, sister! God delivered me from this boredom.” Prostakov, on the other hand, acts as a neutral person, he is afraid of his wife, therefore he indulges her in everything. It is not surprising that Mitrofan grew up in such an ignorant family as a stupid, weak-willed "mama's son", who marries more interestingly than learning.
The “ill-bredness” and “lack of education” of the characters is reflected not only in their ignorance of any well-known things (for example, Mitrofan has an adjective for the door, “because it is attached to its place”), but in a different, outdated view of the world. Prostakova does not see anything wrong with beating her servants or solving her son's problems, taking them literally, and therefore prevents Mitrofan from studying immediately dissuading him from science. At the same time, the roots of such “malice” lie not so much in the bad character of the woman (which cannot be said about Skotinin, who is proud of his vices and stupidity) but in the bad upbringing that she herself received.
If for a person of the 18th century, when this play was written, the characters have characteristics of only one plan - positive or negative, and the play reveals acute everyday problems, then for the reader of the 21st century, the psychologism of the work is also revealed. Several generations of nobles were traditionally ignorant, while the main values were not righteousness, honor and education, but personal wealth and personal interests. The same can be traced in the Prostakov family. Both love their son very much, they are ready to give him everything, even invite teachers, but due to lack of education and good upbringing, they do not understand that they are not the best teachers, and the son simply uses their kindness and grows up as a minion. The tragedy of their situation is shown at the end of the play, when Mitrofan simply leaves his parents after he finds out that they can no longer give him anything.
The opposite camp of "educated" characters immediately arouses sympathy in the reader. Pravdin with his justice, Sofya with meekness and respect for the will of his uncle (comparable to Mitrofan, who at the end of the play tells his mother that she "imposed himself"), the honest and noble Milon, the wise Starodum. All of them are educated, virtuous, enlightened and ideological people who are fighting for a better life and a better society.
In Fonvizin's comedy "Undergrowth", upbringing is the basis of a righteous, correct way of life. This, as we learn from Starodum's conversation with Sophia, is friendship between husband and wife, mutual respect, and the need to share with the needy, and achieving any heights only by one's own work.
Fonvizin sees the crisis of education in Russia precisely in the old, obsolete tradition, which at that time is still supported by the Prostakovs and Skotinins, and then the matured Mitrofans. Despite the fact that “undergrowth” is a comedy, the author raises rather tragic “eternal” topics - issues of unequal upbringing of spouses of marriage (if Sophia still married Mitrofan or Skotinin), the problem of fathers and children, when parents themselves raise monster, acute social themes of bullying servants. The issue of education also occupies a special place. The author, describing the teachers, emphasizes that education cannot be good while the children are taught by the former grooms of the Vralmans and the Kuteikins, who did not graduate from the seminary, with a psalter in their hands.
Thus, in The Undergrowth, upbringing and education are the central issues around which the storyline develops. For Fonvizin, it was important that at the time of the creation of the play, readers pay attention to open questions. However, the work does not lose its relevance today, reminding readers of how ridiculous and tragic human stupidity is.
Artwork test
A talented writer, a well-educated person, a prominent political figure, Fonvizin in his works not only acted as an exponent of the advanced ideas of the socio-political life of Russia at that time, but also made an invaluable contribution to the treasury of Russian literature.
Fonvizin was the first Russian writer and playwright to denounce serfdom. In his immortal comedy "Undergrowth" he very expressively depicted the unlimited arbitrariness of the landowners' power, which took ugly forms during the strengthening of the autocratic-serf system under Catherine II.
According to the rules of classicism, the events in the comedy take place within one day in one place - the estate of the landowner Prostakova. The names of the heroes are extremely eloquent, they can tell a lot about their carriers: Pravdin, Starodum, Vralman, Skotinin.
The unlimited arbitrariness of the landowners' power in the comedy "Undergrowth" is depicted vividly and expressively. K. V. Pigarev wrote that "Fonvizin correctly guessed and embodied in the negative images of his comedy the essence of the social power of serfdom, showed the typical features of Russian serf-owners in general, regardless of their social position." The power, cruelty, ignorance, limitedness of the landowners Fonvizin most clearly revealed in the negative images of the comedy:
Pravdin calls the serf-owner Prostakova Pravdin “an inhuman mistress, whom evil-mindedness in a well-established state cannot be tolerated,” “a despicable fury.” What is this person? All Prostakova's behavior is antisocial, she is a terrible egoist, used to worrying only about her own benefit.
In his house, Prostakov is a powerful and cruel despot, and not only for serfs. Skillfully pushing around her weak-willed husband, Prostakova calls him either "dead", or "freak". She was used to his uncomplaining submission. Prostakova's passionate love for her only son, the sixteen-year-old underage Mitrofanushka, also takes on ugly forms. Persistently and systematically, she conveys to him her main commandments of life: "When you find money, don't share it with anyone. Take everything for yourself," "Don't learn this stupid science." She herself is so ignorant and illiterate that she cannot read letters, Prostakova understands that her son, without education, is closed to public service. She hires teachers, asks Meitrofan to learn a little, but he adopts her hostile attitude towards education and enlightenment. “Without science, people live and lived,” the Prostakovs are sure.
Prostakova's brother Taras Skotinin is not only no less wild, limited and immoral than his sister, but also cruel and despotic with the serfs, over whom he not only mocks, but also "masterfully rips off". The most valuable and dear thing in Skotinin's life is pigs. This animal lives with the landowner much better than people.
The vices of the serf landlords, their ignorance, greed, greed, selfishness, narcissism are clearly visible, since these people themselves do not consider it necessary to hide them. They believe that their power is unlimited and indisputable. However, Fonvizin in his comedy expressively showed that serfdom not only turns peasants into uncomplaining slaves, but also stupefies and stupefies the landowners themselves.
The positive images of representatives of the progressive court (Starodum, Pravdin, Sofya, Milon) are contrasted in the comedy with the feudal tyrants. They are educated, smart, charming, humane.
Starodum is a true patriot, for whom the main thing is serving the fatherland. He is honest and smart, does not tolerate hypocrisy, is ready to fight injustice.
The attitude of the Staro Duma to serfdom is expressed in the words: "It is illegal to oppress your own kind with slavery." He is also worried about the problems of raising noble children: "What can come out of Mitrofanushka for the fatherland, for which ignorant parents also pay money to ignorant teachers? Fifteen years later, instead of one slave, two come out: an old uncle and a young master."
Pravdin in comedy is Starodum's like-minded person, he supports his advanced views in everything. It is with the help of this image that Fonvizin suggests one of the possible ways to limit the arbitrariness of the landowners' power. Pravdin is a government official. Convinced of Prostakova's inability to humanly manage the estate, he takes him under guardianship.
Thus, we see that Fonvizin in his comedy, with the help of satire, denounced the arbitrariness and despotism of Russian serfdom. He managed to create expressive portraits of feudal landlords, opposing them both to the advanced progressive nobility and representatives of the people.
- New!
"Undergrowth" is the first Russian socio-political comedy. Fonvizin depicts the vices of contemporary society: masters who rule by law, nobles who are not worthy of being nobles, "accidental" statesmen, self-proclaimed teachers. Mrs...
The comedy of D. N. Fonvizin "Undergrowth" is the pinnacle of Russian dramaturgy of the 18th century. The work was created according to the strict rules of classicism: the unity of time (day), place (the house of the Prostakovs) and action (the rivalry of Sophia's suitors) is observed; heroes share...
Mitrofanushka's teachers, half-educated seminarian Kuteikin and retired soldier Tsyfirkin, know little, but they try to fulfill their duties honestly and conscientiously. However, the main educator of the undergrowth remains Prostakova herself with her "solid logic" ...
Comedy is a very peculiar genre. Most comedies have a mythical or fairy tale plot. And very few comic works are distinguished by an accurate and complete depiction of reality. And "Undergrowth" is no exception. The question is, should a writer...
The ideological content of comedy.
The main themes of the comedy "Undergrowth" are the following four: the theme of serfdom and its corrupting influence on the landlords and courtyards, the theme of the fatherland and service to him, the theme of education and the theme of the morals of the court nobility.
All these topics were very topical in the 70-80s. Satirical magazines and fiction have paid much attention to these issues, resolve them differently in accordance with the views of the authors.
Fonvizin puts and resolves them in the socio-political context, as a progressive figure.
The theme of serfdom acquired paramount importance after the Pugachev uprising.
Fonvizin reveals this topic not only from the everyday side, showing how Prostakova and Skotinin manage their estates. He speaks of the destructive effect of serfdom on the landowner and the serf. Fonvizin also points out that "it is illegal to oppress your own kind with slavery."
The theme of the fatherland and honest service to him sounds in the speeches of Starodum and Milon. From the moment he appears on the stage to the end, Starodum tirelessly talks about the need to serve the fatherland, about the honest fulfillment by the nobleman of his duty to the motherland, about promoting its good. He is also supported by Milo, who declares that the "truly fearless military leader" "prefers his glory to life, but most of all, he is not afraid to forget his own glory for the good of the fatherland."
How advanced such views were can be judged by the fact that not only in the first two thirds of the 18th century, but also in the era of Fonvizin, noble writers believed that "the sovereign and the fatherland are one essence."
Fonvizin, on the other hand, speaks only of service to the fatherland, but not to the sovereign.
Revealing the topic of education, Fonvizin speaks through the mouth of Starodum: “It (education) should be the key to the well-being of the state. We see all the unfortunate consequences of bad education. What can come out of Mitrofanushka for the fatherland, for whom ignorant parents also pay money to ignorant teachers? How many noble fathers entrust the moral upbringing of their son to their serf-slave? Fifteen years later, instead of one slave, two come out: an old uncle and a young master. Fonvizin poses the topic of education as an important social and political issue: it is necessary to educate the nobles as citizens, as progressive and enlightened figures of the country.
The fourth theme, posed in the comedy, concerns the manners of the court and capital nobility. It is revealed in the speeches of Starodum, especially in his conversation with Pravdin. Starodum sharply and angrily denounces the depraved court nobility. From his stories we learn about the manners of the court circle, where “almost no one travels along a straight road”, where “one dumps another”, where “there are very small souls”. It is impossible to correct the manners of Catherine's court, according to Starodum. “It is in vain to call a doctor to the sick is incurable: here the doctor will not help, unless he himself becomes infected.”
Comedy images.
The ideological plan determined the composition of the characters of the "Undergrowth". The comedy depicts typical feudal landlords (Prostakovs, Skotinin), their serf servants (Eremeevna and Trishka), teachers (Tsy-firkin, Kuteikin and Vralman) and contrasts them with such advanced nobles as, according to Fonvizin, all Russian nobility should be: on public service (Pravdin), in the field of economic activity (Starodum), in military service (Milon). The image of Sophia, an intelligent and enlightened girl, contributes to a more complete disclosure of Prostakova's willfulness and ignorance; Sophia is connected with all the struggle that takes place in the "comedy".
Updated: 2011-03-02
Attention!
Thank you for your attention.
If you notice an error or typo, highlight the text and press Ctrl+Enter.
Thus, you will provide invaluable benefit to the project and other readers.
A talented writer, a well-educated person, a prominent political figure, Fonvizin in his works not only acted as an exponent of the advanced ideas of the socio-political life of Russia at that time, but also made an invaluable contribution to the treasury of Russian literature.
Fonvizin was the first Russian writer and playwright to denounce serfdom. In his immortal comedy "Undergrowth" he very expressively depicted the unlimited arbitrariness of the landowners' power, which took ugly forms during the period of strengthening of the autocratic serf system under Catherine II.
According to the rules of classicism, the events in the comedy take place within one day in one place - the estate of the landowner Prostakova. The names of the heroes are extremely eloquent, they can tell a lot about their carriers: Pravdin, Starodum, Vralman, Skotinin.
The unlimited arbitrariness of the landowners' power in the comedy "Undergrowth" is depicted vividly and expressively. K. V. Pigarev wrote that “Fonvizin correctly guessed and embodied in the negative images of his comedy the essence of the social power of serfdom, showed the typical features of Russian serf-owners in general, regardless of their social position.” Authority, cruelty, ignorance, limited landlords Fonvizin most clearly revealed in the negative images of the comedy:
Pravdin calls the serf-owner Prostakova Pravdin “an inhuman mistress, whom malevolence in a well-established state cannot be tolerated,” “a despicable fury.” What is this person? All Prostakova's behavior is antisocial, she is a terrible egoist, used to worrying only about her own benefit. Many times throughout the comedy, Prostakova demonstrates her inhuman attitude towards serfs, whom she doesn’t even consider to be people, because she treats them like animals: “And you, cattle, come closer”, “Are you a girl, a dog are you a daughter? Are there no maids in my house besides your nasty hari?” The landowner is confident in her own impunity, for the slightest offense she is ready to “beat to death” her servants. In his house, Prostakov is a powerful and cruel despot, and not only for serfs. Masterfully pushing around her weak-willed husband, Prostakova calls him either “dead”, or “ugly house”. She was used to his uncomplaining submission. Prostakova's passionate love for her only son, sixteen-year-old Mitrofanushka, takes on ugly forms. Persistently and systematically, she conveys to him her main commandments of life: “I found the money, do not share it with anyone. Take it all for yourself”, “Don’t study this stupid science”. She herself is so ignorant and illiterate that she cannot read letters, Prostakova understands that her son, without education, is closed to public service. She hires teachers, asks Mitrofan to learn a little, but he takes over her hostile attitude towards education and enlightenment. “Without science, people live and lived,” the Prostakovs are sure.
Prostakova's brother Taras Skotinin is not only no less wild, limited and immoral than his sister, but also cruel and despotic with the serfs, over whom he not only mocks, but also "masterfully rips off." The most valuable and dear thing in Skotinin's life is pigs. This animal lives with the landowner much better than people.
The vices of the serf landlords, their ignorance, greed, greed, selfishness, narcissism are clearly visible, since these people themselves do not consider it necessary to hide them. They believe that their power is unlimited and indisputable. However, Fonvizin in his comedy expressively showed that serfdom not only turns peasants into uncomplaining slaves, but also stupefies and stupefies the landowners themselves.
The positive images of representatives of the advanced nobility (Starodum, Pravdin, Sophia, Milon) are contrasted in the comedy with feudal tyrants. They are educated, smart, charming, humane. material from the site
Starodum is a true patriot, for whom the main thing is service to the fatherland. He is honest and smart, does not tolerate hypocrisy, is ready to fight injustice. The Starodum demands that the arbitrariness of the tsar and the landowners be limited, sharply speaking out against the “court”, where “almost no one travels along a straight road” and where “there are very small souls”. Starodum's attitude to serfdom is expressed in the words: "It is illegal to oppress your own kind with slavery." He is also worried about the problems of raising noble children: “What can come out of Mitrofanushka for the fatherland, for which ignorant parents also pay money to ignorant teachers? Fifteen years later, and instead of one slave, two come out: an old uncle and a young master.
Pravdin in comedy is Starodum's like-minded person, he supports his advanced views in everything. It is with the help of this image that Fonvizin suggests one of the possible ways to limit the arbitrariness of the petty-bourgeois power. Pravdin is a government official. Convinced of Prostakova's inability to humanly manage the estate, he takes him under guardianship.
Thus, we see that Fonvizin in his comedy, with the help of satire, denounced the arbitrariness and despotism of Russian serfdom. He managed to create expressive portraits of feudal landlords, opposing them both to the advanced progressive nobility and representatives of the people.
Didn't find what you were looking for? Use the search
Starodum.
Starodum is an enlightened and progressive person.
He was brought up in the spirit of Peter's time, the thoughts, customs and activities of the people of that time are closer and more acceptable to him. Calling the hero Starodum, Fonvizin thereby emphasized his preference for the time of Peter the Great to contemporary reality. ( This material will help to write correctly on the topic The image and character of Starodum in the comedy of Fonfizin Nedorosol .. The summary does not make it possible to understand the whole meaning of the work, therefore this material will be useful for a deep understanding of the work of writers and poets, as well as their novels, short stories, short stories, plays, poems.) Why is Starodum dear to Fonvizin?
In comedy, Starodum talks more than he acts. His character, views and activities are revealed in his speeches.
Starodum is above all a deep patriot. Honest and useful service to the fatherland is for him the first and sacred duty of a nobleman. Only then can a nobleman leave the service, "when he is internally convinced that the service to his fatherland does not bring direct benefits." Starodum regards a person according to his service to the fatherland. “The degree of nobility (i.e., value), ~ says Starodum, I calculate by the number of deeds that the great gentleman did for the fatherland ... without noble deeds, a noble state is nothing.” Service to the state, according to Starodum, is a matter of honor of a nobleman. During the war, the nobleman's duty is to be in the army, and not to settle in safe places in the rear, as the young count, familiar to Starodum, did. In peacetime, a nobleman can serve the fatherland "not only by being in the public service, but also by developing the bowels of the earth, working in the field of industrial development. Speaking about the industrial activity of Starodum, apparently in Siberia, Fonvizin points out to the nobles, who considered industry and trade not a noble matter, that the development of minerals does not drop noble dignity,
Starodum is a representative of the nobility, who has a negative attitude towards the orders of Catherine's reign. He sharply opposes the nobles of the queen's favorites, denounces the morals of the court nobility. He demands legitimacy, limiting the arbitrariness of the tsar and the feudal landlords. An ardent defender of enlightenment and humanity, Starodum is indignant at the inertia, savagery, malevolence of the landlord class, inhuman oppression of the serfs. “It is illegal to oppress your own kind with slavery,” he declares. Starodum says especially a lot about education. He attaches more value to moral education than to education: Without it, an intelligent person is a monster, Science in a depraved person is a fierce weapon to do evil. Only by cultivating good spiritual qualities, you can grow a real person: "Have a heart, have a soul - and you will be a person at all times."
Starodum's speeches expressed a whole program of views and activities of the advanced nobility of that era, and above all, Fonvizin himself. Contemporaries highly appreciated the speech of Starodum, they saw in him not a simple reasoner, that is, a person expressing the views of the author, but a lifelike, truthfully drawn representative of the enlightened nobility.
It cannot be denied, of course, that in life there were such honest and impeccable officials as Pravdin, but the role that Fonvizin assigned him in the comedy is clearly composed by the author and does not correspond to reality: there were no such auditors at that time. Introducing Pravdin into the comedy in the role of an official empowered to take guardianship from the cruel landowners, Fonvizin thereby contrasted what, in his opinion, should have been with what actually happened in life. In the army of Suvorov, there were patriotic officers, loyal to their duty, like Mila a. In the memoirs of people of that time, one can find images of girls similar to Sophia. But characteristic of the nobility at that time, especially the provincial one, were those features that are so fully and vividly embodied in the images of the Prostakovs-Skotinins. That is why the latter came out from the pen of Fonvizin artistically more perfect and vitally convincing.
The speech of positive characters is close to the book literary language of that time. The phrases are built rather ponderously, gallicisms are often found (that is, sentences built according to the syntax of the French language): “I am doing my job” (Milon); “Incidents with a person of your qualities cannot be indifferent to anyone” (Pravdin), etc.
In the speech of Starodum, his love for aphorisms is manifested, that is, short, well-aimed sayings: “Ranks begin - sincerity ceases”; "An ignoramus without a soul is a beast"; "Golden blockhead - all blockhead", etc.
If the homework is on the topic: » The image and character of Starodum in the comedy Fonfizin Nedorosol. – artistic analysis turned out to be useful to you, we will be grateful if you place a link to this message on your page in your social network.
Latest news
Categories
News
Related essays
- The ideological content of the comedy Fonfizin Nedorosol. The ideological content of comedy. The main themes of the comedy "Undergrowth" are the following four: the theme of serfdom and its corrupting influence. By role, the character is a reasoner, significant not only by actions, but by prayers and instructions. Vіn personifikuє avtorsku іnіyu іnіyu іnіyu plot "Nedouka": vіdnu svіd, Starodum. Starodum is a person of illumination and leading edge of the soul of Peter the Great, who is closer and more accepting of thoughts, giving and diyalnist people One cannot agree with the idea that the positive characters of the comedy are presented by the author less vividly and convincingly than the negative ones. It was on those important questions that Fonvizin posed and highlighted in the comedy "Undergrowth" that determined its great social significance, primarily in modern times.
Niobium in its compact state is a brilliant silver-white (or gray in powder form) paramagnetic metal with a body-centered cubic crystal lattice.
Noun. Saturation of the text with nouns can become a means of linguistic representation. The text of the poem by A. A. Fet "Whisper, timid breathing ...", in his
