Tretyakov Gallery brief information. History of the State Tretyakov Gallery Tretyakov Gallery architecture style

The Tretyakov Gallery is one of the largest museums in the world. It contains the works of masters created from the 10th to the 20th century. All areas of Russian painting are represented here - from icons to the avant-garde. The Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, which is often called the Tretyakov Gallery, is one of those attractions of the capital, which is visited not only by art lovers, but also by everyone who is at least a little indifferent to the cultural heritage of Russia. The Tretyakov Gallery is one of the leading scientific, artistic, cultural and educational centers of Russia, the world's largest museum of Russian art.

Tretyakov Gallery - from history

The foundation date of the Tretyakov Gallery is 1856. It was then that Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, a merchant by occupation, acquired the first two paintings by Russian artists “Temptation” by N.G. Schilder and “Clash with Finnish smugglers” by V.G. Khudyakov. In the late 50s, he replenished his collection with works by I.I. Sokolov and V.I. Jacobi, A.K. Savrasov and M.P. Klodt. At this time, Pavel Tretyakov had a dream to create a museum in which the works of Russian painters would be presented. He started his collection from scratch. The collector acquired all the best that was on the art market from the works of Russian artists. By temperament, Pavel Tretyakov was not just a collector. He had a wide knowledge in the field of literature and painting, theater and music. As the artist and critic A.N. Benois "... Tretyakov was a scientist by nature and knowledge." He unmistakably chose all the best that Russian painting created. As the artist Kramskoy said about him: “This is a man with some kind of diabolical instinct.” He was at the opening of all exhibitions in Moscow, in St. Petersburg. The paintings had not yet been hung in the exhibition halls, but he had time to examine them in the workshops and ask the price. He was ahead of everyone. There were times when even the tsar, approaching a painting he liked, read that "it was bought by Mr. Tretyakov." He said: "We work for the Russian people."

In his first will in 1860, Tretyakov left 150,000 silver rubles for the creation in Moscow of "an art museum or a public art gallery ...". He created the first museum in Russia reflecting the development of Russian art and wanted the museum to become public. Being rich, he tried not to overpay intermediaries. And he thought: "The more money you save, the more pictures of works of art you can collect." Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov avoided luxury and excesses. He helped needy artists, widows and orphans. Completed and expanded the museum.

In 1867, a gallery was opened, which presented the collection of Pavel and his brother Sergei. Visitors saw 1276 paintings, 471 drawings and 10 sculptures by Russian artists, as well as 84 paintings by foreign masters. Paintings Pavel Mikhailovich placed in his house in Lavrushinsky Lane. From 1872 to 1874 two museum halls were built, which communicated with the living quarters. In 1882, when it was necessary to place the Turkestan collection, 6 new halls were added. Additional halls also appeared in 1885 and 1892. 1892 was a significant year for the museum, this year Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov donated it to the city of Moscow. At that time, the collection included 1287 paintings, 518 drawings and 9 sculptures by Russian artists of the 18th-19th centuries, as well as works by Western European masters. A year later, the official opening of the Moscow City Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov took place. After the death of Pavel Tretyakov in 1898, other patrons continued his work.

In 1902-1904. under the guidance of architect A.M. Kalmykov, the famous Vasnetsovsky facade was built, which became the emblem of the Tretyakov Gallery. The facades of the building were designed by the architect V.N. Bashirov based on the drawings of the artist V.M. Vasnetsov. On April 2, 1913, the artist and architect Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar was elected a trustee of the museum. Thanks to him, the Tretyakov Gallery was formed according to the European type - according to the chronological principle. In December 1913 the museum was opened to visitors. After the revolution in 1918, the museum became known as the State Tretyakov Gallery and was declared the state property of the Russian Federative Soviet Republic. I. E. Grabar became the director of the museum. Academician of architecture A.V. Shchusev. During the war, most of the exhibits were evacuated to Novosibirsk. The building itself was bombed. By the 100th anniversary of the museum in 1956, its collection included more than 35,000 works of art. A great contribution to the expansion of the museum was also made by Yu.K. Korolev, director of the museum from 1980 to 1992. In 1989, a new engineering building was built, which housed a conference room and an information and computing center, a children's studio and exhibition halls. After reconstruction, the museum ensemble of the Tretyakov Gallery included an architectural monument of the 17th century - the church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi. It was restored, consecrated and became the house temple of the museum.

Tretyakov Gallery - paintings

The museum has many rooms. And in each you can find a masterpiece of art. Pavel Mikhailovich highly appreciated the work of VG Perov. In the 1860s, several of his paintings were acquired, including "Rural Procession at Easter" and "Troika", as well as portraits.

Paintings reflecting Russian history appear in the collection. As a lover of landscapes, he commissioned paintings in which he wanted to see the truth and poetry of life. The portraits created by K.P. Bryullov, V.A. Tropinin, V.G. Perov. A portrait gallery of composers, writers, artists of Russia is being created - A.N. Ostrovsky and F.M. Dostoevsky, I.S. Turgenev and N.A. Nekrasov, V.I. Dahl and other famous artists.

Tretyakov supported the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions (TPKhV) formed at that time. Many paintings were purchased from these exhibitions. In the 1870s, Pavel Tretyakov acquired such famous paintings as "Christ in the Desert" by I.N. Kramskoy and "Pine Forest" by I.I. Shishkin, "The Rooks Have Arrived" by A.K. Savrasov and "Peter I interrogates Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich" N.N. Ge. One of Tretyakov's most expensive acquisitions was the work of V.V. Vereshchagin - a collection of Turkestan paintings and sketches. Later, the collection is replenished with paintings by V.I. Surikov and I.E. Repin, V.M. Vasnetsov and I.I. Shishkina, I.N. Kramskoy and other famous masters. In the Tretyakov Gallery we will see works by Repin and Ivanov, Kuindzhi and Bryullov, Kramskoy and many others. Connoisseurs of Vrubel's work will also rejoice. One of the most discussed exhibits is Malevich's Black Square.

Tretyakov Gallery - information for tourists

For viewing in the museum, expositions of Old Russian and Russian art (18-20 centuries) and Russian graphics are deployed. There are also expositions "Treasury" and "Russian avant-garde", "Sculpture and graphics of the 20th century" and a collection dedicated to the Art of the 1930s - early 1950s and the second half of the 20th century. In addition to the main building in Lavrushinsky Lane, 10, a complex was built on Krymsky Val. Here are collected works dedicated to Russian art of the 20th century. It also hosts contemporary art exhibitions. The Tretyakov Gallery owns the museum-temple of St. Nicholas and the exhibition hall in Tolmachi, the museums of A.M. Vasnetsov and the museum-workshop of the sculptor A.S. Korina.

You can book a tour at the Tour Desk at the main entrance of the museum. The duration of the tour is 1 hour 15 minutes. - 1 hour 30 minutes

The name of Pavel Tretyakov is inscribed in history in golden letters. The Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow is one of the pearls not only of the capital, but of Russia as a whole.

Where is the Tretyakov Gallery located? Description of the sights of Moscow.

Address of the Tretyakov Gallery: Russia, Moscow, Lavrushinsky lane, 10.

Due to the constant replenishment of collections and the influx of tourists, the building was repeatedly expanded and completed. In the vast halls and long corridors, there is a high probability of getting lost. Guests of the museum note that it is quite difficult to get around the entire gallery in a day.

In 1975, the attraction of Moscow consisted of fifty-five thousand museum exhibits. The richest and most popular exhibition in the Tretkov Gallery today - works and paintings - real masterpieces that a tourist can only admire here:

"Blessed be the army of the Heavenly King"- a holy image, commissioned by Ivan the Terrible.

"Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God"- is one of the most revered relics of the Russian Church.

Icon "Ustyug Annunciation"- written during the pre-Mongolian period.

The Tretyakov collection has collections of the best works of world famous artists, such as: I.I. Shishkin, known for his painting "Morning in the Pine Forest"; V.M. Vasnetsov "Alyonushka"; V.V. Vereshchagin "The Apotheosis of War"; M.A. Vrubel "Seated Demon"; etc.

The works of famous Soviet artists - I.I. Brodsky, N.V. Tomsky, S.D. Lebedeva, P.P. Ponchalovsky, Yu.M. Neprintsev, etc.

The graphics are represented by the big names of Malevich, Kramskoy, Benois, Fyodor Tolstoy, etc.

The collection of sculptures excites the audience with its magnificence. Here you can see the work of Sergei Konenkov, admire the works of Kazimir Malevich, indulge in aesthetic pleasure walking among the marble and bronze figures of Yevgeny Vuchetich and Vera Mukhina.

Installations that are able to cheer up a thoughtful viewer and take a break from hour-long walks through the halls of the country's national heritage require special attention.

Also, there is a creative workshop in the building. An art connoisseur or just an ordinary passer-by can try his hand as a painter or sculptor.

Tourist note

Before visiting the halls of the museum, it is necessary to hand over outerwear to the cloakroom.

You can not block the exhibits and touch the works of art. Most of the works are quite dilapidated, experts are working to preserve the integrity of the masterpieces.

It is forbidden to litter, speak loudly and eat food in the halls.

There are many places in Moscow where an endless stream of tourists flocks, and the Tretyakov Gallery is rightfully considered one of the most visited sights of the city. If you are an art connoisseur or just an ordinary observer, not averse to admiring the beauty, then the impressions of visiting the Tretyakov Gallery will warm you for many years.

Important information about the State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow: opening hours, price, currency.

Working mode:

Monday is a day off.
Tuesday - Wednesday and Sunday: from 10.00 to 18.00
Thursday - Saturday: from 10.00 to 21.00

Ticket prices:

Children under 18 years old - admission is free (clarification documents).
Adult visitors and foreign tourists - 400 rubles.
Entrance for pensioners and students - 150 rubles.

See the Tretyakov Gallery on the map (how to get there):

Information: Russia, Moscow Tretyakov gallery official site.

The Tretyakov Gallery is the most visited museum in the country. The gallery was founded at the end of the 19th century by famous merchants and philanthropists - Pavel and Sergey Tretyakov, who donated their collections to the city. The gallery is located in the former estate of the Tretyakov brothers in Lavrushinsky Lane. The museum fund was significantly replenished after the October Revolution of 1917 with collections of wealthy noble and merchant families. The spacious halls of the Tretyakov Gallery display ancient Russian icons and paintings from the Russian school of painting. Moving through the chronologically arranged halls of the museum, one can study in detail Russian fine art from the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th century.

The Tretyakov brothers lost their father when the eldest - Pavel - was seventeen years old, and the youngest - Sergei - fifteen. They turned out to be entrepreneurs from God. Very soon, the brothers expanded their business from ordinary trade in shops to their own large linen, paper and woolen goods store on the famous merchant street Ilyinka. They organize the trading house "P. and S. the Tretyakov brothers. In the mid-1860s, they acquired the Novo-Kostroma Linen Manufactory, which they later made one of the best in Russia. The historian of the Moscow merchants P.A. Buryshkin called the Tretyakovs among the five richest merchant families in Moscow

The Tretyakovs were well-known donors and philanthropists. Pavel Mikhailovich was a trustee of the Arnold School for the Deaf and Dumb, provided financial assistance to research expeditions, donated money for the construction of churches. Sometimes Tretyakov's donations exceeded the cost of acquiring paintings. Sergei Mikhailovich actively participated in the public life of Moscow. He was a member of the Moscow City Duma and the mayor. In this position, he did a lot for Moscow. Thanks to Tretyakov, Sokolnicheskaya Grove became Sokolniki City Park: he bought it with his own money.

In 1851, the Tretyakovs purchased from the merchants the Shestovs an estate in Lavrushinsky Lane with a two-story mansion, decorated with a classicist attic, and a vast garden. Alexandra Danilovna was the full owner of the house, and the Tretyakov brothers focused on trade. It was an ideal family and business union, rare among merchants. At the same time, the Tretyakovs differed in character. Pavel was withdrawn, he liked to work and read in solitude, he could look at and study paintings and engravings for hours. Sergey, more sociable and cheerful, was always in sight, he liked to flaunt.

Once Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov came to St. Petersburg on business and ended up in the Hermitage. He was so impressed by the richness of the art collection that he certainly wanted to start collecting. He soon acquired nine paintings by obscure Western artists. “The first two or three mistakes in such a difficult matter as determining the authenticity of old paintings forever turned him away from collecting paintings by old masters,” wrote I.S. Ostroukhov after the collector's death. “The most authentic painting for me is the one that I personally bought from the artist,” Tretyakov liked to say. Soon Tretyakov got acquainted with the collection of F.I. Pryanishnikov and decides to collect paintings by Russian artists.

In the Tretyakov Gallery, the year of foundation of the museum is considered to be 1856, when Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov acquired the first two paintings “Temptation” by N.G. Schilder and "Clash with Finnish smugglers" by V.G. Khudyakov. Today they hang side by side in the same room. The condition under which Pavel Mikhailovich selected paintings for his gallery can be found in his words addressed to the artists: “I don’t need rich nature, or magnificent composition, or spectacular lighting, no miracles, give me at least a dirty puddle, but so that in there was truth to it, poetry, and poetry in everything can be, this is the work of the artist.

But this does not mean at all that Tretyakov simply bought up all the paintings he liked. He was a bold critic who did not recognize other people's authorities, often made comments to artists, and sometimes even sought amendments. Pavel Mikhailovich usually bought a painting before the opening of exhibitions, right in the workshop, when neither critics, nor the audience, nor journalists had yet seen the painting. Tretyakov was well versed in art, but this was not enough to choose the best. Pavel Mikhailovich had a peculiar gift of a seer. No authority could influence his decision. An indicative case is described by S.N. Durylin in the book "Nesterov in life and work":

“At the preliminary, closed, vernissage of the XVIII Traveling Exhibition, where a few selected friends of the Wanderers were admitted, Myasoedov brought V.V. Stasov, tribune-apologist of the Wanderers, D.V. Grigorovich, secretary of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, and A.S. Suvorin, editor of the Novoye Vremya newspaper. All four judged the picture with a terrible judgment; all four agreed that it was harmful... Evil must be uprooted. We went to look for a Moscow silent man in the exhibition, they found somewhere in the far corner, in front of some kind of picture. Stasov was the first to speak: this painting came to the exhibition due to a misunderstanding, it has no place at the exhibition of the Partnership.

The tasks of the Partnership are known, but Nesterov’s picture does not answer them: harmful mysticism, the absence of the real, this ridiculous circle around the old man’s head ... Mistakes are always possible, but they should be corrected. And they, his old friends, decided to ask him to give up the picture... A lot of clever, convincing things were said. Everyone found a word to stigmatize the poor "Bartholomew." Pavel Mikhailovich listened in silence, and then, when the words ran out, modestly asked them if they had finished; when he found out that they had exhausted all the evidence, he replied: “Thank you for what you said. I bought the picture back in Moscow, and if I hadn’t bought it there, I would have bought it here now, after listening to all your accusations.”

Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov began to collect his collection fifteen years later than his brother and managed to acquire only about a hundred pieces. However, his collection was the only one of its kind, because he was interested in modern Western painting - J.-B. C. Corot, Sh.-F. Daubigny, F. Milet and others. Pavel Mikhailovich, unlike his brother, who collected paintings for himself, sought to create a public museum of national art. Back in 1860 (and he was then only twenty-eight years old), he made a will, according to which he bequeathed one hundred and fifty thousand rubles for the establishment of an "art museum" in Moscow. Pavel Mikhailovich persuaded his brother to do the same.

In 1865, the wedding of Pavel Mikhailovich and Vera Nikolaevna Mamontova, the cousin of the famous philanthropist Savva Ivanovich Mamontov, took place. The Tretyakovs had six children - four daughters and two sons. Everyone in the family loved each other. Pavel Mikhailovich wrote to his wife: “I sincerely thank God and you with all my heart that I happened to make you happy, however, children have a big fault here: without them there would be no complete happiness!” Sergei Mikhailovich married much earlier than his brother, in 1856, but his wife died shortly after the birth of her son. Only ten years later, Sergei Mikhailovich entered into a second marriage.

Pavel Mikhailovich adhered to traditional merchant views on the upbringing of children. He gave the children an excellent home education. Of course, artists, musicians and writers who visited Tretyakov almost every day played a significant role in shaping the children. In 1887, Pavel Mikhailovich's son Vanya, his father's favorite and hope, died of scarlet fever complicated by meningitis. Tretyakov painfully endured this heavy loss. The second son Mikhail suffered from dementia and could not become a full-fledged heir and continuer of the family business. Alexander's daughter recalled: “Since that time, the character of my father has changed a lot. He became sullen and silent. Only the grandchildren made the former affection appear in his eyes.

For a long time, Tretyakov was the only collector of Russian art, at least on such a scale. But in the 1880s, he had a more than worthy rival - Emperor Alexander III. There are many legends associated with the confrontation between Tretyakov and the Tsar. Pavel Mikhailovich several times, literally from under Alexander's nose, took away paintings by artists who, with all due respect to the august person, preferred Tretyakov. Alexander III, who was called the “peasant tsar”, became furious if, visiting traveling exhibitions, he saw the marks “property of P.M. Tretyakov.

But there were cases when the representatives of the emperor simply interrupted the price of Tretyakov. For example, after the death of Alexander III, his son Nicholas II offered an incredible amount for those times for the painting “The Conquest of Siberia by Yermak” by V.I. Surikov - forty thousand rubles. The newly-appeared emperor did not want to skimp in memory of his father, who dreamed of acquiring this painting. Surikov already had an agreement with Pavel Mikhailovich, but he could not refuse such a lucrative deal. Tretyakov simply could not offer more. As a consolation, the artist gave the collector a sketch for the painting for free, which still hangs in the museum.

Sergei Mikhailovich died in 1892. Long before his death, the Tretyakov brothers decide to donate their collections to Moscow. In his will, Sergei Mikhailovich donated to the city half of the house in Lavrushinsky Lane, all the paintings and the amount of one hundred thousand rubles. Pavel Mikhailovich donated his huge collection (more than three thousand works) to Moscow during his lifetime together with his brother's collection. In 1893, the opening of the Moscow Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Tretyakov took place, with a collection of Western art hanging next to paintings by Russian artists. On December 4, 1898, Tretyakov died. His last words were: "Take care of the gallery and be healthy."

After the death of Tretyakov during 1899-1906, the main house was converted into exhibition halls. The facade, designed according to the drawing by V.M. Vasnetsov, became for many years the emblem of the Tretyakov Gallery. The central part of the facade was highlighted by a chic kokoshnik with a relief image of George the Victorious - the ancient coat of arms of Moscow. At that time, artists showed interest in the forms of ancient Russian art. Luxuriously decorated portals, lush window frames, bright patterns and other decorations - all this speaks of Vasnetsov's desire to turn the Tretyakov Gallery into an old Russian fairy-tale tower.

In 1913, the artist I.E. Grabar. The alteration of the exposition according to the scientific principle began, as in the best museums of the world. The works of one artist began to hang in a separate room, and the arrangement of the paintings became strictly chronological. In 1918, the Tretyakov Gallery was nationalized and transferred to the administration of the People's Commissariat of Education. It was at this time that the museum was significantly replenished with huge collections of P.I. and V.A. Kharitonenko, E.V. Borisova-Musatova, A.P. Botkina, V.O. Girshman, M.P. Ryabushinsky and collections from estates near Moscow.

In the 1980s, a grandiose reconstruction of the gallery took place. The project envisaged "the creation of a large museum complex, including storage facilities, an extensive exhibition space, a conference hall through the development of courtyards and the refurbishment of an old building while maintaining its historical appearance." Unfortunately, the new building, built at the intersection of Lavrushinsky and Bolshoy Tolmachevsky lanes, turned out to be alien to the architectural ensemble of the old buildings of the Tretyakov Gallery. The reconstruction turned into the actual death of the monument. The new corner building turned out to be outside the traditional ties with the environment.

As a result of the reconstruction, the exhibition area of ​​the Tretyakov Gallery has increased one and a half times. In 1998, the first permanent exhibition of art of the 20th century was opened in the new building of the museum on Krymsky Val, built according to historical, chronological and monographic principles. The collection of the museum now has about one hundred and fifty thousand works. The collection of Pavel Mikhailovich has increased more than fifty times. The Tretyakov Gallery is a huge educational and cultural center engaged in scientific, restoration, educational, publishing, popularization and other activities.

In one of the letters to the artist Vasily Vasilievich Vereshchagin P.M. Tretyakov wrote: “Your indignation against Moscow is understandable, I myself would have been indignant and would have abandoned my goal of collecting works of art long ago if I had in mind only our generation, but believe that Moscow is no worse than St. Petersburg: Moscow is only simpler and, as it were, ignorant . Why is Petersburg better than Moscow? In the future, Moscow will be of great, enormous importance (of course, we will not live to see this). Pavel Mikhailovich Tretkov was a real patriot and noblest man. And then he turned out to be a real visionary.

Every time we come to the gallery, we remember its great creator, not only because there is a monument to Tretyakov in front of the entrance (a wonderful monument, by the way). Pavel Mikhailovich is not just a collector, the founder of the museum, he, along with artists, created Russian fine art, and the role of Tretyakov here is objectively greater than the role of any of them. I.E. Repin (and he knew a lot about this) once said: “Tretyakov brought his work to grandiose, unparalleled proportions and bore the question of the existence of an entire Russian school of painting on his shoulders.”

State Tretyakov Gallery, GTG(also known as Tretyakov gallery) is an art museum in founded by a merchant and having one of the largest collections of Russian fine art in the world. The exposition in the main building "Russian Painting of the 11th - early 20th centuries" ( , d. 10) is part of the All-Russian Museum Association "State Tretyakov Gallery", formed in .

Story

began to collect his collection of paintings in the mid-1850s. The year of foundation of the Tretyakov Gallery is considered to be 1856, when Pavel Tretyakov acquired two paintings by Russian artists: “The Temptation” by N. G. Schilder and “Clash with Finnish Smugglers” , although earlier in 1854-1855 he bought 11 graphic sheets and 9 paintings by old Dutch masters. IN for the general public in The Moscow City Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Tretyakov was opened. Her collection included 1276 paintings, 471 drawings and 10 sculptures by Russian artists, as well as 84 paintings by foreign masters.

In August Pavel Mikhailovich donated his art gallery to the city . By that time, the collection included 1287 paintings and 518 graphic works of the Russian school, 75 paintings and 8 drawings of the European school, 15 sculptures and a collection of icons. the official opening of the museum under the name "Moscow City Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov" took place.

The gallery was located in a house that the Tretyakov family bought back in . As the collection grew, new premises were gradually added to the residential part of the mansion, necessary for the storage and display of works of art. Similar extensions were made in 1873, 1882, 1885, 1892, and finally in 1902-1904, when the famous facade designed in— architect according to the artist's drawings . Architect supervised the construction .

The Tretyakov Gallery was declared "state property of the Russian Federative Soviet Republic" and was named the State Tretyakov Gallery. Re-appointed director of the museum who has held this post since . With his active participation in the same year, the State Museum Fund was created, which, up to remained one of the most important sources of replenishment of the museum's collection.

IN Academician of architecture became the director of the museum . The very next year, the Gallery received a neighboring house on Maly Tolmachevsky Lane (the former house of the merchant Sokolikov). After the restructuring in the administration of the Gallery, scientific departments, a library, a department of manuscripts, graphics funds were located here. Later, in 1985-1994, the administrative building was built on the project of the architect A. L. Bernshtein with 2 floors and was equal in height to the exposition halls.

In 1928, the gallery underwent a major overhaul of heating and ventilation, electricity has been provided.

In 1929, the Church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi was closed, and in 1932 its building was transferred to the Gallery and became a repository of painting and sculpture. Later it was connected to the exhibition halls by a built two-story building, the upper floor of which was specially designed for exhibiting the painting. " "(1837-1857). A passage was also built between the halls located on both sides of the main staircase. This ensured a continuous overview of the exposition. The development of a new concept for the placement of exhibits began in the museum.

IN a new two-story building was opened on the north side of the main building - the so-called "Shchusevsky building". These halls were first used for exhibitions, and with were included in the main exhibition route.

From the first days The dismantling of the exposition began in the Gallery - like other museums in Moscow, it was preparing for evacuation. In the middle of summer a train of 17 wagons set off from Moscow and delivered the collection to. Only The gallery was reopened in Moscow.

IN , in honor of the 100th anniversary of the Tretyakov Gallery, the A. A. Ivanov Hall was completed.

IN - Tretyakov Gallery headed . Due to the increased number of visitors, he actively dealt with the issue of expanding the exposition area. Construction work began in 1983. IN A depository was put into operation - a repository of works of art and restoration workshops. IN reconstruction of the main building of the Tretyakov Gallery began (architects I. M. Vinogradsky, G. V. Astafiev, B. A. Klimov and others). IN a new building was built on the south side of the main building, which housed a conference room, an information and computing center, a children's studio and exhibition halls. The building was called the "Engineering Corps" because most of the engineering systems and services were concentrated in it.

From 1986 to The Tretyakov Gallery in Lavrushinsky Lane was closed to visitors due to major reconstruction. The only exposition area of ​​the museum for this decade was the building at Krymsky Val, 10, which in 1985 was merged with the Tretyakov Gallery.

Members of the All-Russian Museum Association "State Tretyakov Gallery"

• Tretyakov Gallery in Lavrushinsky Lane, 10,
• Museum-temple of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi,
• Tretyakov Gallery on Krymsky Val, 10,

In 1985 located on , 10, was merged with the Tretyakov Gallery into a single museum complex under the general name of the State Tretyakov Gallery. Now the building houses an updated permanent exhibition "Art of the 20th century".

Part of the Tretyakov Gallery is , representing a unique combination of a museum exposition and a functioning temple. The museum complex in Lavrushinsky Lane includes the Engineering Corps intended for temporary exhibitions and the Exhibition Hall in Tolmachi. The museum offers services .

Heads of the State Tretyakov Gallery

• (- present time)
• ( — )
• ( — )
• (1926—1929)
• (1913—1925)

Museum collection

By 1917, the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery consisted of about 4,000 works, by 1975 - 55,000 works. The Gallery's collection constantly grew due to systematic government purchases.

Currently, the collection includes Russian painting, graphics, sculpture, individual works of arts and crafts.- began.

Second half

Russian painting of the second half of the 19th century is especially well represented. The Tretyakov Gallery has the best collection of works( , , , , , , , , and etc.).

Art is multifaceted (including "We didn't expect",) and (including "", "", ""), sculptor.

Late XIX - early

The main artists represented in the collection:, , , , , , , masters ( ,

The Tretyakov Gallery - as the museum is commonly called - has a rich collection and is famous for its many ideas and projects that have found their embodiment. That is why the Tretyakov Gallery has gained such wide popularity and attracts the attention of true connoisseurs of art from all over the world. Even people who seem to be far from such “high matters” strive to visit its halls in order to get acquainted with the work of the great masters of the brush. To come to Moscow and not go to the Tretyakov Gallery? This is even hard to imagine, since it is usually included in all excursion programs. Of course, you can visit here on an individual tour.

The Tretyakov Gallery, as one of the most famous cultural institutions in Russia, proclaims four main goals of its activity: to preserve, explore, present and popularize Russian art, thereby forming a national cultural identity and instilling in modern generations an understanding of the important role played by art as the embodiment of achievements and an expression of the civility of our society. And these goals are achieved through the acquaintance of our fellow citizens (we are not talking about foreign tourists) with genuine masterpieces - creations of Russian and world talents. Thus, as one of the grateful visitors of the Tretyakov Gallery noted in his review, people's lives are made brighter, more beautiful and better.

Who was the founder of the Tretyakov Gallery?

Let's start our excursion into the history of the Tretyakov Gallery with an acquaintance with its founder - an outstanding man, without exaggeration, whose name is forever inscribed in the tablets of national culture. This is Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, who belonged to a well-known merchant family, which had nothing to do with culture: his parents were engaged exclusively in commerce. But since Pavel belonged to a wealthy family, he received an excellent education for those times, and he began to show a craving for beauty. As an adult, he joined, as they would say now, in the family business, helping his father in every possible way. When both parents died, the factory they owned passed to the young Tretyakov, and he thoroughly engaged in its development. The company grew, bringing more and more income. However, despite being extremely busy, Pavel Mikhailovich did not leave his passion for art.

Tretyakov often thought about creating the first permanent exhibition of Russian painting not only in the capital, but also in Russia. Two years before the opening of the gallery, he began to acquire paintings by Dutch masters. The beginning of the legendary collection of Tretyakov was laid in 1856. The young merchant was then only 24 years old. The very first novice philanthropist acquired the oil paintings "Clash with Finnish smugglers" by V. Khudyakov and "Temptation" by N. Schilder. Today, the names of these artists are well known, but then, in the second half of the 19th century, the general public did not know anything about them.

P. M. Tretyakov replenished his unique and priceless collection over the course of several decades. He collected paintings not only by outstanding painters, but also maintained friendly relations with novice masters, without refusing to help those who needed it, promoted their work in every possible way. If you give the names of all who should be grateful to the patron for the comprehensive help and support, then the scope of one article will not be enough for this - the list will be impressive.

History of the Tretyakov Gallery

The creator of the unique museum saw his brainchild not just as a repository of works by Russian artists, but precisely those of their paintings that would convey the true essence of the Russian soul - an open, wide, full of love for their Fatherland. And in the summer of 1892, Pavel Mikhailovich donated his collection in Moscow. So the Tretyakov Gallery became the first public museum in Russia.

At the time of the transfer, the collection consisted not only of paintings, but also of graphic works by Russian painters: the first were 1287 copies, the second - 518. Separately, it should be said about the works of European authors (there were over 80 of them) and a large collection of Orthodox icons. In addition, there was a place in the collection for sculptures, there were 15 of them.

The authorities of Moscow also contributed to the replenishment of the museum collection, acquiring real masterpieces of world fine art at the expense of the city treasury. By 1917, which became fatal for Russia, there were already 4,000 items in the Tretyakov Gallery. A year later, already under the Bolshevik government, the museum received the status of a state museum. At the same time, the Soviet government also nationalized many private collections.

The Tretyakov Gallery fund, in addition, was replenished by including exhibits from small metropolitan museums: the Rumyantsev Museum, the Tsvetkovskaya Gallery, the Museum of Painting and Iconography of I. S. Ostroukhov. Thus, the beginning of the 1930s was marked by a more than fivefold increase in the art collection. At the same time, the canvases of Western European artists were transferred to other collections. Founded by P. M. Tretyakov, the gallery has become a repository of paintings that glorify the originality of the Russian people, and this is its fundamental difference from other museums and galleries.

Buildings of the Tretyakov Gallery

The main building of the Tretyakov Gallery at 10 Lavrushinsky Lane, in Zamoskvorechye, formerly belonged to the founder's family - his parents and himself lived in this house. Subsequently, the merchant's estate was rebuilt several times. The gallery also occupies the buildings adjacent to the main building. The facade that we can see today was built at the beginning of the last century, the author of the sketches was V. M. Vasnetsov.

The style of the building is neo-Russian, and this is no coincidence: it was also intended to emphasize the fact that the museum is a repository of samples of Russian art. On the same main facade, visitors can see the bas-relief image of the capital's coat of arms - St. George with a serpent. And on both sides of it is a ceramic polychrome frieze, very elegant. A large inscription made in ligature with the names of Peter and Sergei Tretyakov - both donors of the collection - forms a single whole with the frieze.

In 1930, an additional room was erected to the right of the main building, designed by architect A. Shchusov. To the left of the former merchant's estate is the Engineering Corps. In addition, the Tretyakov Gallery owns a complex on Krymsky Val, where, in particular, exhibitions of contemporary art are held. The exhibition hall in Tolmachi, the museum-temple of St. Nicholas, as well as the museum of A. M. Vasnetsov, the house-museum of the folk artist P. D. Korin and the museum-workshop of the sculptor A. S. Golubkina also belong to the Tretyakov Gallery.

What to see in the Tretyakov Gallery

At present, the Tretyakov Gallery is more than just a museum, it is a center for the study of various trends in art. Gallery employees, who are high-class professionals, often act as experts and restorers, whose opinions and assessments are listened to. Another property of the gallery can be considered a unique book fund, which stores over 200 thousand thematic publications in various areas of art.

Now directly about the exposure. The modern collection includes more than 170 thousand works of Russian art, and this is far from the limit: it continues to grow thanks to artists, donations from individuals, various organizations and the heirs of prominent artists who donate various works. The exposition is divided into sections, each covering a specific historical period. Let's call them: Old Russian art, from the 12th to the 18th century; painting of the 17th - first half of the 19th centuries; painting of the second half of the 19th century; Russian graphics from the 13th to the 19th centuries, as well as Russian sculpture of the same period.

So, in the section of ancient Russian art, the works of both famous icon painters and those who remained nameless are presented. Of the well-known names, we will name Andrei Rublev, Theophan the Greek, Dionysius. In the halls reserved for masterpieces of art of the 18th - the first half of the 19th century, paintings by such outstanding masters as F.S. Rokotov, V.L. Borovikovsky, D.G. Levitsky, K.L. Bryullov, A.A. Ivanov are exhibited.

Noteworthy is the section of Russian realistic art dating from the second half of the 1800s, presented in all its fullness and diversity. In this part of the Tretyakov Gallery you can see the outstanding works of I. E. Repin, V. I. Surikov, I. N. Kramskoy, I. I. Shishkin, I. I. Levitan and many other masters of the brush. Among the most famous and discussed is the famous "Black Square" by Kazimir Malevich.

Turning to the bright collection of works of the late XIX - early XX century, you will see the immortal work of V. A. Serov and M. A. Vrubel, as well as the masters of the art associations that existed at that time: "Union of Russian Artists", "World of Art" and " Blue Rose".

Separately, it should be said about that part of the exposition, which is known as the "Treasury". It contains a literally priceless collection of art objects made of precious stones and precious metals, made from the 12th to the 20th century.

In another special section of the Tretyakov Gallery, samples of graphics are shown, the peculiarity of which is that direct bright light should not fall on them. They are exhibited in halls with soft artificial lighting, which makes them seem especially beautiful and charming.

Note to tourists: photographing temporary exhibitions at the Tretyakov Gallery may be prohibited (this will be reported separately).

Working hours

The Tretyakov Gallery on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Sundays is open from 10:00 to 18:00; on Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays - from 10:00 to 21:00. The day off is Monday. Tours can be booked at the tour desk located at the main entrance. It lasts from 1 hour 15 minutes to an hour and a half.

How to get there

You can get to the main building of the Tretyakov Gallery in Lavrushinsky Lane, 10 by metro. Stations: "Tretyakovskaya" or "Polyanka" (Kalinin metro line), as well as "Oktyabrskaya" and "Novokuznetskaya" of the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya line and "Oktyabrskaya" of the Circle line.