Tretyakov Gallery: halls and their description. The most famous masterpieces of the Tretyakov Gallery Museum information Tretyakov Gallery

The Tretyakov Gallery is one of the most famous museums in Russia and throughout the world. The extensive exposition covers the period from the eleventh century to the present day. It is hard to imagine that the Tretyakov Gallery, whose halls have become a reflection of Russian art from antiquity to the present, began with a private collection.

home collection

The Tretyakovs bought the house in Lavrushinsky Lane in 1851. The head of the family, Pavel Mikhailovich, was a successful businessman, but at the same time he was a well-known philanthropist, investing in many charitable programs. He was an avid collector, collecting paintings, sculptures, icons and other works of art.

He had a global goal - to create a national gallery, and not just a museum. The beginning of the collection was ten paintings by Dutch masters. Initially, the Tretyakov Gallery, whose halls were open only to family members and guests, was in the house where the Tretyakovs lived. But the collection grew very quickly, and there was not enough space for demonstration. During the life of the owner, numerous reconstructions were carried out. And even under Pavel Mikhailovich, the townspeople had the opportunity to visit such a cultural institution as the Tretyakov Gallery. The halls expanded, and the exposition grew constantly. The popularity of the museum is evidenced by the fact that in the first four years its visitors were over 30 thousand people.

40 years after the collection was started, he donated it to Moscow. The collection was supplemented by works of art kept by the second brother, Sergei. This is how the "Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Tretyakov" appeared in Moscow. Another well-known philanthropist Morozov gave the masterpieces of Renoir, Van Gogh, Monet. Despite the transfer to the city, both patrons continued to replenish the collection. After the death of the Tretyakovs, the entire house in Lavrushinsky Lane came under the jurisdiction of the city.

New life of the collection

In 1913, IE Grabar was appointed trustee and director of the gallery. He was not only a talented artist, architect and art historian, but also an organizer. It was he who did a tremendous job of systematizing the collection. He distributed the canvases according to historical periods, so that visitors could follow the path of development of Russian art. Under him, a restoration workshop was also founded. At the end of the year, the works hanging in the hall of the Tretyakov Gallery were available for viewing by the general public.

After the revolution, the entire assembly was nationalized and transferred to the young republic. The "State Tretyakov Gallery" was created, the halls of which became available to all segments of the population. The collection has expanded significantly through mergers with other museums and the transfer of private collections that were nationalized during the Soviet era.

During the war, museum funds were taken to Novosibirsk. The Nazis bombed the capital mercilessly. Two high-explosive bombs in 1941 landed directly on the Tretyakov Gallery, causing significant damage. But the very next year, the restoration of the museum began, and by 1944 the doors of the gallery, beloved by the inhabitants of the capital, were again opened to the public.

Halls of the Tretyakov Gallery

Since the foundation of the gallery, the building has been rebuilt many times. There were new passages and additional rooms to present the collection in all its glory. To date, the exposition is located in 106 halls. Most are located in a building in Lavrushinsky Lane, there are 62 of them. The complex also includes the Museum-Temple of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the Golubkina Workshop-Museum, the Vasnetsov House-Museum and the Korin House-Museum. Each room in the Tretyakov Gallery is an opportunity to touch art, to see brilliant masterpieces. The collection contains over 150 thousand exhibits, most of which are familiar to everyone since childhood. Reproductions of many paintings were included in school textbooks throughout the country. From these pictures you can learn about Russia. After all, we have the sea, like forests - like Shishkin, nature, like Levitan. Even the best portrait of Pushkin, known to every schoolchild, is exhibited here.

Hall of Icons

In every corner of the Tretyakov Gallery there are canvases that take your breath away. But, perhaps, one of the most mysterious halls is the hall of icon painting. When transferring the collection, Pavel Mikhailovich, along with the paintings, also handed over 62 icons from his collection. Now there are several hundred of them in the museum. Each of them reflects the path of Orthodoxy on Russian soil. Among them are the works of Rublev, Theophan the Greek and other famous icon painters. And in the home church of the Tretyakov Gallery, one of the most revered and ancient images is exhibited - the Vladimir Mother of God. She is over 900 years old.

Exposition in Lavrushinsky Lane

The main part of the collection is concentrated in the building in Lavrushinsky Lane, with the famous Vasnetsovsky facade. In 62 halls, divided into 7 zones, the works of the best masters of Russia and beyond are exhibited in chronological order. How great and diverse is the Tretyakov Gallery. The description of the halls would take several volumes of a printed publication. Going on a tour, it is better to choose a specific artist or painting to devote most of your time to. Otherwise, acquaintance with the galleries will be very superficial and incomplete. The names of the halls of the Tretyakov Gallery correspond to the collections exhibited in them.

Thus, ancient Russian art is represented by icon painting.

And in the halls of the XVIII-XIX centuries, paintings by the great masters Levitsky, Rokotov, Ivanov, Bryullov are exhibited. A special room was built to demonstrate Ivanov's painting "The Appearance of Christ to the People". And Rokotov became famous for the largest number of portraits of unknown people. It was important for him to capture and convey on canvas the features and character of a person, but at the same time he did not have to be famous at all. Among the works of Bryullov, one can note the masterfully executed work “The Horsewoman”, where a young girl with amazing grace sits astride a magnificent stallion.

The hall also captures attention, where the works of artists of the second half of the 19th century are presented. Here you can immerse yourself in the magical world of realistic art, where every detail is made with amazing care. In Repin's paintings, one can physically feel how the sun is baking on the lawn, how each leaf is swaying from the wind. And Vasnetsov's "Three Heroes" seems to be protecting the country's borders from uninvited invaders even today. By the way, here you can also see the work of Vasnetsov Jr.

Surikov's paintings "Boyar Morozova" or "Morning of the Streltsy Execution" convey the emotional intensity of each participant in those events. There is not a single indifferent person or random character here. Everything is spelled out with authenticity that boggles the imagination.

The section reflecting the painting of the turn of the 19th-20th centuries presents the works of such geniuses as Serov, Vrubel, as well as representatives of the Union of Russian Artists.

Treasures of Russian Art

The Tretyakov Gallery is great and diverse. Halls, paintings, sculptures, graphics will not leave anyone indifferent. A separate part of the exposition is the "Treasury", where objects made of precious metals and gems are exhibited. Fine work of jewelers is fascinating.

Graphic arts

A separate room is dedicated to graphic art. All works presented in this technique are very afraid of light, they are fragile creations. Therefore, for their demonstration, special lighting, slightly dimmed, was mounted. The largest collection of Russian graphics is exhibited here. And a small but no less valuable collection of porter miniatures.

Modern Art

In the building belonging to the Tretyakov Gallery, art is presented from the Soviet period to the present day. Visitors watch with interest how ideology affects the artist.

Halls of Masters

The collection contains individual works, and there are entire collections of paintings by one master. The hall dedicated to the artist in the Tretyakov Gallery contains only his works from different periods. Such is the exposition of Shishkin's works. But other masters of the brush were awarded a similar honor.

Since its opening, the Tretyakov Gallery has become the richest collection of paintings and art objects. Even the Russian Museum, created at the state level, lost in popularity to this private collection.

An invaluable treasure of Russian culture, a repository of paintings dearest to the Russian heart, the Tretyakov Gallery is the bright joy of Russia.

History of the Tretyakov Gallery

Probably, even a person who is very far from art will feel aching sadness at the sight of Viktor Vasnetsov's "Alyonushka" or quiet peace from Mikhail Nesterov's painting "Vision to the Youth Bartholomew". This, probably, is the main purpose of this museum - not only to carefully collect and carefully store the golden fund of Russian painting, but also to act as a unifying link for the people, unfortunately, to a large extent divided today. Culture strengthens and gives confidence that something will continue to exist, characterized by the core, the core of Rus'.

As you know, the gallery was founded in 1850 by the man after whom it was later named - Pavel Tretyakov. Being a highly educated and far-sighted philanthropist, Pavel Mikhailovich was able to find pearls among the works of then unknown artists. It was through his efforts that many geniuses of that time gained recognition. Buying the paintings he liked, he even saved some masters from poverty, such as Savrasov. Year after year, Pavel Mikhailovich selected the best, most important paintings bit by bit, having decided in advance for himself that in the future he would transfer everything accumulated to Moscow.

Tretyakov's efforts were not in vain: today the Tretyakov Gallery, along with the Moscow Kremlin, the double-headed eagle and the Bronze Horseman, has become a symbol of Russia, a monument to the inexhaustible gift of a Russian person to see and transfer beautiful things to canvas.

Within the walls of the Tretyakov Gallery one can feel the spirit of the old times, the strength and power of the Russian spirit and thought. Happiness overwhelms from the contemplation of that modest beauty of our Motherland that the great canvases have contained. How skillfully and lovingly Isaac Levitan conveyed the mood of his native nature, its soft colors and thoughtfulness. What golden fields and azure skies in Myasoedov's paintings. How precise and full of vitality are Shishkin's works.

Russian painting is inextricably linked with other types of art, Vrubel's "Seated Demon", for example, evokes the works of Mikhail Lermontov, and Victor Vasnetsov's "Bogatyrs" are Russian epics, an epic that reflects the army and valor of Ancient Rus'.

All that can be seen in the Tretyakov Gallery is a reflection of entire centuries, forever inscribed with a brush and paints into the bizarre interweaving of history. The life of peasants and landscapes, images of saints and portraits of great nobles and famous people, military panoramas and futuristic still lifes of the early 20th century - all this is the chronicle of the Russian people. It is impossible not to mention the fact that in addition to painting, the gallery's fund also contains sculptures, graphics and icons of ancient Russian masters. Surely every Russian person remembers at least from the history lessons at school the famous icon of Andrei Rublev “Trinity”, and this is another of the pillars of Russian culture - Orthodox Christianity, the holy faith of the people, a living and reverent feeling.

There is nothing more beautiful than realizing that the Tretyakov Gallery is one of the most famous in the world, that it attracts many travelers from all over the world who want not only to visit the museum according to the program, but to touch the mysterious Russian soul. Paris has the Louvre, New York has the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Russia has the Tretyakov Gallery, as it is customary to call it a little familiarly: this is our common pride, a hallmark, a culture embodied in a collection of art objects.

Vyacheslav Podgorny

Tretyakov Gallery

A visit to Moscow by tourists and "business travelers", as they say, is not complete without getting to know the Tretyakov Gallery. She is the face of the metropolitan world of arts and a litmus test of the cultural development of Russians.

The biography of the Tretyakov Gallery began in 1856. By that time, the museum could not be called a museum in the full sense. Tretyakov Pavel Mikhailovich presented a court collection of exhibits at his first exposition - this is Schinler's "Clash with Finnish Smugglers", Vasily Grigorievich Khudyakov's "Temptation" and several canvases by Dutch masters and lithographs acquired by him with his own hand. After some time, the collection was replenished with paintings by the Russian painter Jacobi Valery Ivanovich, Klodt the Elder and the Russian landscape painter Alexei Savrasov.

Pavel Mikhailovich planned to expand his exposition further, for which he dreamed of acquiring an expensive collection of paintings by Fyodor Ivanovich Pryanishnikov, a public figure and bibliophile. The price was exorbitant, so the Rumyantsev Gallery gladly acquired Pryanishnikov's works, but later they nevertheless entered the Tretyakov collection.

All subsequent time, Tretyakov replenished exhibition copies, relying on his own interest and taste. Pavel Mikhailovich paid a lot of attention to the Wanderers. I bought their works, diluting the already existing collection of genre and historical works with landscapes by Shishkin, Savrasov and Kramskoy. Moreover, the latter painted a portrait of Tretyakov.

In addition to acquiring priceless paintings, philanthropist Tretyakov was involved in charity work, helping all the same Wanderers. Others even found shelter within the walls of the Tretyakovs' house, such as Ivan Kramskoy, who later became Pavel's best friend.

The founder of the museum treated the works of Vladimir Perov with trepidation. He bought ready-made canvases of the artist (“Rural procession at Easter”, “Amateur” and “Troika”), and after the death of Vladimir Vasilyevich, he organized exhibitions in memory of the work of the great master. Around 1964, Flavitsky's "Princess Tarakanova" diluted the Tretyakov collection, and a few years later Bronnikov wrote one of the favorite works of Vera Nikolaevna Tretyakova, the wife of Pavel Mikhailovich, "The Hymn of the Pythagoreans to the Rising Sun."

And so, the landscape. Tretyakov devoted a lot of time to him, suddenly falling in love with this particular genre in the period of the sixties of the century before last. However, the portraits have earned a worthy attention, and, as evidenced by a contemporary collection of works, images of eminent people populated the exposition of the Tretyakov Gallery. So, with incredible efforts, Pavel Mikhailovich persuaded Leo Tolstoy to pose for writing his own portrait. It was 1783.

A year later, Pavel Mikhailovich acquired the Vereshchagin collection for ninety-two thousand rubles. The artist has just returned from Turkestan, presenting the viewer with unusual examples of works with oriental flavor. Tretyakov planned to donate the new acquisition to the Moscow School of Painting. However, the school did not accept the gift, due to the lack of free space. The next in line in the gifts was the society of art lovers in Moscow, from where, three years later, the collection returned to Pavel Mikhailovich.

It so happened that by 1872 the exposition of paintings from the building was voluminous and could no longer fit in the house on Lavrushinsky Lane. It was decided to build another building that would accommodate the exhibition halls. The construction of the new building was completed by 1874. But the fate of the museum did not end there, and in the nineties of the century before last, the Gallery expanded with six new halls.

In 1892, Pavel Tretyakov donated his brainchild to the capital. Anticipating difficulties with maintaining the building and replenishing the collection, Tretyakov made a will to transfer after his death 150,000 rubles to the Gallery for its repair and maintenance, and 125,000 for the acquisition of new masterpieces and art objects. Ancient icons were attached to the will - a priceless ancient Russian collection, including part of the real estate of Pavel Mikhailovich. Until 1898, until his death.

The will came into force in 1899, at the same time the Gallery came under the patronage of Emperor Nicholas II himself and, created by the decision of the Moscow Duma, the Council, which was supposed to manage the now City Art Gallery of the Tretyakov Brothers. Alexandra Botkina, the painters Ostroukhov and Serov, the collector Ivan Tsvetkov and the chief curator of the museum, E. M. Khruslov, became members of the Council. And the latter was so devoted to the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery that he committed suicide after vandalism committed over the canvas "Ivan the Terrible kills his son." During his leadership, Khruslov made an innovative proposal to systematize the collection of the Tretyakov brothers in chronological order. Now the collection had a clear gradation by era, from ancient Russian icon painting to contemporary art. At the same time, a detailed scientific description of each exhibit was created.

During the Soviet era, the Tretyakov Gallery became known as the Tretyakov Museum. Now Grabar Igor Emmanuilovich has become its keeper. During his stay, the collection of the Gallery was replenished with canvases and exhibits confiscated from private collections of the nobility and transferred to other museums. The avant-garde works of Tatlin and Kazimir Malevich breathed new life into the museum's classical collection. And the expansion of the Gallery at the expense of the house in Maly Tolmachevsky Lane made it possible to place the Tretyakov library, graphic funds, a treasury, scientific and archival departments in it.

During the Second World War, the gallery saved exhibits by removing canvases from frames and sealing them in metal tubes. The collection was taken out in parts to Novosibirsk, starting from the summer of 2014. In total, there were 4 stages of evacuation, and by 1942, when the German troops were thrown back far from Moscow, the exposition returned from Novosibirsk to its native walls. Some of the museum's buildings were destroyed, but this did not prevent the anniversary exhibition from being held.

The post-war life of the Tretyakov Gallery was fruitful for the acquisition of new exhibits. The gallery was presented with works by Benois, Roerich, Petrov-Vodkin, Savrasov, Vrubel and other painters. In 1956, when the collection of works no longer fit on the museum square, it was decided to expand the Gallery by building a new building on the banks of the Moskva River.

It was planned to move most of the collection to the new building, but in 1959 the new building was donated to the newly created Art Gallery of the USSR. But in the mid-eighties of the last century, the collection of this same USSR Gallery merged with the Tretyakov collection. At that time, the united museums began to be called differently - the State Tretyakov Gallery, and the building in Lavrushinsky Lane was closed for reconstruction.

In the early eighties, when Korolev Yuri Konstantinovich, a Soviet painter, headed the Tretyakov Gallery, its grandiose reconstruction began. Korolev's plans included the creation of a huge museum complex with storages, conference rooms in tandem with a historical appearance that needed to be preserved and continued. Restoration workshops and depositories of art specimens appeared.

The house in Lavrushinsky Lane met its first visitors after reconstruction in 1986. At the same time, the Tretyakov Gallery merged with the apartment - the Vasnetsov Museum A. M., the houses - the museums of V. M. Vasnetsov and Korin P. D., the workshop - the Golubkina Museum A. S. Now this union is called the All-Russian Museum Association "State Tretyakov Gallery ".

In the mid-nineties (1995), the restructuring ended with the appearance of ten new halls. The area made it possible to expand the collection of ancient Russian exposition, open exhibitions of sculptural works of the 18th – 20th centuries, and place Vrubel’s “Princess of Dreams” panel in a separate room. The main building was considered to be what is located on the Crimean shaft.

Irina Nikonova

Masterpieces of the Tretyakov Gallery

For more than a hundred years, the Tretyakov Gallery has been one of the must-see attractions for tourists in the Russian capital, which is part of the cultural program. But before you go to this temple of art, you should at least briefly familiarize yourself with the exposition of the art museum. You can buy a brochure or "dig" on the Internet.

A bit about the history of the museum

Russian philanthropist Pavel Tretyakov has been collecting paintings for several years. In 1856, he opened a gallery in his house, and in 1892 he transferred it to the state. It already included more than 1,000 paintings and drawings, as well as several sculptures. Since that time, the gallery has developed as a state gallery. It was repeatedly expanded, new buildings appeared, but remained in the same place. In honor of the 100th anniversary, in 1956, a monument to P. Tretyakov was erected near the building.

Seven paintings known since childhood, which are on display at the State Tretyakov Gallery

"Heroes"

The painting by V. M. Vasnetsov “Bogatyrs” is a real masterpiece and a symbol of Russian art. The picture was created in the II half. XIX century. It was at that time that Russian painters created many paintings on the theme of Russian fairy tales and epics. Many of them wrote only one picture each, but Vasnetsov's theme became the basis of his work. He wrote this work for about 30 years. The picture symbolizes the strength of the Russian people. The size of the canvas is 295 x 446 cm.

"Ivan the Terrible kills his son"

A well-known episode of Russian history, but shrouded in secrets and mysteries, is depicted on the tragic canvas by Ilya Repin. Horror on the face of the king and his son dying in his arms. The impression from this picture is stunning. After all, the tsar kills his son Ivan, interrupting the Rurik dynasty, which ruled Russia from the 9th century. This is a moment of insight and the tsar is depicted distraught from what he has done, not a formidable autocrat, but a frightened old man with crazy eyes ..

"Morning in a pine forest"

This masterpiece by I. Shishkin is familiar to us from early childhood. It is impossible not to admire nature, which comes to life at an early dawn. So the playful cubs decided to arrange a swing. Probably, no one will be surprised by the fact that the legendary bears were completed by K. Savitsky. The forest, illuminated by the rays of the rising sun, is written in great detail, and the bear family adds realism to this wonderful work.

"Boyar Morozova"

XVII, church schism. Boyarynya Morozova remained faithful to the Old Believer faith, even under the threat of exile. The picture is conditionally divided into two parts. On the one hand, the Old Believers stand, sincerely worried and sympathetic, it is to them that Morozova shows a characteristic gesture. On the other hand, the New Believers, they maliciously mock the noblewoman, creating a vivid emotional contrast.

Split ... Here is the main idea of ​​this canvas. V. Surikov wrote this brilliant work for more than four years. And it brought him not only glory, but also immortality.

"Troika"

One of Perov's most emotional paintings, conveying the full burden of the fate of the orphans of that time. Cold winter, wind, and three small children forced to carry a heavy load. Some man decided to help them, by his efforts one can judge the weight of the barrel. The exhausted eyes of children involuntarily cause sadness or even tears on their faces.

"Unknown"

On a small canvas by Kramskoy, a stranger is depicted - this is a noblewoman driving around St. Petersburg in a carriage. Pay attention to her rich costume, consisting of European elements of clothing and accessories. The identity of the girl to this day remains a mystery to art historians.

"The Appearance of Christ to the People"

A grandiose canvas based on a plot from the Gospel, on which Ivanov worked for 20 years. Here are the apostles, and the elders, and the slave, and the wanderer, and many other people, different in their social status. Masterfully done work carries a great emotional load.

In addition to the above paintings, there are many more paintings that have rightfully entered the golden annals of Russian art. These are works by: Grabar, Kramskoy, Ivanov, Repin, Vrubel, Aivazovsky, Perov... A day spent at the Tretyakov Gallery will give you a lot of impressions and emotions. The day when you touched not only real art, but also Russian history will be remembered for a long time.

Natalya Abdullaeva

The Tretyakov Gallery is one of the largest museums in the world. It contains the works of masters created from the 10th to the 20th century. All areas of Russian painting are represented here - from icons to the avant-garde. The Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, which is often called the Tretyakov Gallery, is one of those attractions of the capital, which is visited not only by art lovers, but also by everyone who is at least a little indifferent to the cultural heritage of Russia. The Tretyakov Gallery is one of the leading scientific, artistic, cultural and educational centers of Russia, the world's largest museum of Russian art.

Tretyakov Gallery - from history

The foundation date of the Tretyakov Gallery is 1856. It was then that Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, a merchant by occupation, acquired the first two paintings by Russian artists “Temptation” by N.G. Schilder and “Clash with Finnish smugglers” by V.G. Khudyakov. In the late 50s, he replenished his collection with works by I.I. Sokolov and V.I. Jacobi, A.K. Savrasov and M.P. Klodt. At this time, Pavel Tretyakov had a dream to create a museum in which the works of Russian painters would be presented. He started his collection from scratch. The collector acquired all the best that was on the art market from the works of Russian artists. By temperament, Pavel Tretyakov was not just a collector. He had a wide knowledge in the field of literature and painting, theater and music. As the artist and critic A.N. Benois "... Tretyakov was a scientist by nature and knowledge." He unmistakably chose all the best that Russian painting created. As the artist Kramskoy said about him: “This is a man with some kind of diabolical instinct.” He was at the opening of all exhibitions in Moscow, in St. Petersburg. The paintings had not yet been hung in the exhibition halls, but he had time to examine them in the workshops and ask the price. He was ahead of everyone. There were times when even the tsar, approaching a painting he liked, read that "it was bought by Mr. Tretyakov." He said: "We work for the Russian people."

In his first will in 1860, Tretyakov left 150,000 silver rubles for the creation in Moscow of "an art museum or a public art gallery ...". He created the first museum in Russia reflecting the development of Russian art and wanted the museum to become public. Being rich, he tried not to overpay intermediaries. And he thought: "The more money you save, the more pictures of works of art you can collect." Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov avoided luxury and excesses. He helped needy artists, widows and orphans. Completed and expanded the museum.

In 1867, a gallery was opened, which presented the collection of Pavel and his brother Sergei. Visitors saw 1276 paintings, 471 drawings and 10 sculptures by Russian artists, as well as 84 paintings by foreign masters. Paintings Pavel Mikhailovich placed in his house in Lavrushinsky Lane. From 1872 to 1874 two museum halls were built, which communicated with the living quarters. In 1882, when it was necessary to place the Turkestan collection, 6 new halls were added. Additional halls also appeared in 1885 and 1892. 1892 was a significant year for the museum, this year Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov donated it to the city of Moscow. At that time, the collection included 1287 paintings, 518 drawings and 9 sculptures by Russian artists of the 18th-19th centuries, as well as works by Western European masters. A year later, the official opening of the Moscow City Gallery of Pavel and Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov took place. After the death of Pavel Tretyakov in 1898, other patrons continued his work.

In 1902-1904. under the guidance of architect A.M. Kalmykov, the famous Vasnetsovsky facade was built, which became the emblem of the Tretyakov Gallery. The facades of the building were designed by the architect V.N. Bashirov based on the drawings of the artist V.M. Vasnetsov. On April 2, 1913, the artist and architect Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar was elected a trustee of the museum. Thanks to him, the Tretyakov Gallery was formed according to the European type - according to the chronological principle. In December 1913 the museum was opened to visitors. After the revolution in 1918, the museum became known as the State Tretyakov Gallery and was declared the state property of the Russian Federative Soviet Republic. I. E. Grabar became the director of the museum. Academician of architecture A.V. Shchusev. During the war, most of the exhibits were evacuated to Novosibirsk. The building itself was bombed. By the 100th anniversary of the museum in 1956, its collection included more than 35,000 works of art. A great contribution to the expansion of the museum was also made by Yu.K. Korolev, director of the museum from 1980 to 1992. In 1989, a new engineering building was built, which housed a conference room and an information and computing center, a children's studio and exhibition halls. After reconstruction, the museum ensemble of the Tretyakov Gallery included an architectural monument of the 17th century - the church of St. Nicholas in Tolmachi. It was restored, consecrated and became the house temple of the museum.

Tretyakov Gallery - paintings

The museum has many rooms. And in each you can find a masterpiece of art. Pavel Mikhailovich highly appreciated the work of VG Perov. In the 1860s, several of his paintings were acquired, including "Rural Procession at Easter" and "Troika", as well as portraits.

Paintings reflecting Russian history appear in the collection. As a lover of landscapes, he commissioned paintings in which he wanted to see the truth and poetry of life. The portraits created by K.P. Bryullov, V.A. Tropinin, V.G. Perov. A portrait gallery of composers, writers, artists of Russia is being created - A.N. Ostrovsky and F.M. Dostoevsky, I.S. Turgenev and N.A. Nekrasov, V.I. Dahl and other famous artists.

Tretyakov supported the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions (TPKhV) formed at that time. Many paintings were purchased from these exhibitions. In the 1870s, Pavel Tretyakov acquired such famous paintings as "Christ in the Desert" by I.N. Kramskoy and "Pine Forest" by I.I. Shishkin, "The Rooks Have Arrived" by A.K. Savrasov and "Peter I interrogates Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich" N.N. Ge. One of Tretyakov's most expensive acquisitions was the work of V.V. Vereshchagin - a collection of Turkestan paintings and sketches. Later, the collection is replenished with paintings by V.I. Surikov and I.E. Repin, V.M. Vasnetsov and I.I. Shishkina, I.N. Kramskoy and other famous masters. In the Tretyakov Gallery we will see works by Repin and Ivanov, Kuindzhi and Bryullov, Kramskoy and many others. Connoisseurs of Vrubel's work will also rejoice. One of the most discussed exhibits is Malevich's Black Square.

Tretyakov Gallery - information for tourists

For viewing in the museum, expositions of Old Russian and Russian art (18-20 centuries) and Russian graphics are deployed. There are also expositions "Treasury" and "Russian avant-garde", "Sculpture and graphics of the 20th century" and a collection dedicated to the Art of the 1930s - early 1950s and the second half of the 20th century. In addition to the main building in Lavrushinsky Lane, 10, a complex was built on Krymsky Val. Here are collected works dedicated to Russian art of the 20th century. It also hosts contemporary art exhibitions. The Tretyakov Gallery owns the museum-temple of St. Nicholas and the exhibition hall in Tolmachi, the museums of A.M. Vasnetsov and the museum-workshop of the sculptor A.S. Korina.

You can book a tour at the Tour Desk at the main entrance of the museum. The duration of the tour is 1 hour 15 minutes. - 1 hour 30 minutes

The name of Pavel Tretyakov is inscribed in history in golden letters. The Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow is one of the pearls not only of the capital, but of Russia as a whole.

As if intricate towers from a Russian fairy tale stand in Zamoskvorechie buildings Tretyakov Gallery, the main facade of which was decorated in 1901-1902 according to the project of the artist V. Vasnetsov. The inscription at the entrance, made in ancient script, reads: “Moscow City Art Gallery named after Pavel Mikhailovich and Sergei Mikhailovich Tretyakov. Founded by P.M. Tretyakov in 1856 and donated by him to the city of Moscow, together with the collection of S. M. Tretyakov, hung to the city.

It is very difficult to believe that such a huge museum of world significance began to exist thanks to the efforts of just one person - P.M. Tretyakov.

Russian genre painting began with the works of the artist P. Fedotov, which prompted Tretyakov to think about creating a museum. The pictures simply struck him with their versatility, and, at the same time, simplicity. And in 1856, the first step was taken - he bought the painting “ Temptation". After some time, another extraordinary painting was added to the collection. Skirmish with Finnish smugglers"Written by V. Khudyakov. It is from these two paintings that we can assume that the collection of Tretyakov began. In Moscow, the so-called exhibitions of the Society of Art Lovers were held, from where the collection was gradually replenished.

Tretyakov began to make acquaintances with artists, and could already buy a painting that was not even ready yet, which was just beginning in the artist's studio. Tretyakov believed that Russian art had a future, and a lot of time should be devoted to this issue. Tretyakov’s letter contains the following lines: “Many positively do not want to believe in the good future of Russian art, they assure that if sometimes some artist of ours writes a good thing, then somehow by accident, and that he will then increase the number of mediocrities ... I a different opinion, otherwise ... I would not have collected a collection of Russian paintings ... ".

Fate was favorable to Tretyakov. He married the niece of S. Mamontov, who was a patron of the arts. Tretyakov often visited him in Abramtsevo. It was here, at that time, that many outstanding Russian painters lived and worked - members of the famous Abramtsevo art circle.

In 1871, Tretyakov met Repin. This was facilitated by the world's first traveling exhibition. Tretyakov wanted to convey all the boundless beauty of the paintings to the masses, and was very passionate about this idea.

Continuous purchases of paintings led Tretyakov to the fact that his mansion could no longer accommodate all the works of the collection. And then he decided to make a large extension with a facade on Lavrushinsky Lane (now the main building of the museum). In 1874 the work was completed. Having hung the paintings in the halls, Tretyakov announced the opening of the gallery for visitors. It was his old dream, and it came true!

But Tretyakov did not stop there. In 1892, he donated a collection of his paintings and the collection of his brother hung to him (it included paintings by European masters, which later joined the exposition of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts) as a gift to Moscow. More than 3 thousand works of painting, graphics and sculpture, collected by him, became the basis of the famous art gallery. Tretyakov Gallery - the largest museum of national fine arts.

The gallery was supplemented by its employees. Now you can find masterpieces of such famous painters as Andrei Rublev, Dionysius, Theophanes the Greek and many others there. More than 400 works written in the 18th century have been added to the gallery from private collections. Moreover, the department of Soviet art is still being replenished. At the moment more 57 thousand works of national fine art are included in the priceless collection of the Tretyakov Gallery.

More than one and a half million visitors pass through its halls every year. Almost 100 traveling exhibitions every year depart from Lavrushinsky Lane to the cities of the country. This is how Lenin's decree is being carried out, which entrusted the Tretyakov Gallery with "nationwide educational functions" - to widely introduce the masses to art.

Muscovites are rightly proud of their famous museum. M. Gorky wrote: "The Tretyakov Gallery is as good and significant as the Art Theater, St. Basil's and all the best in Moscow."

Art

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The State Tretyakov Gallery is one of the largest art museums of Russian fine arts. To date, the collection of "Tretyakov Gallery" has about a hundred thousand items.

With so many exhibits, one can wander through the exposition for several days, so Localway has prepared a route through the Tretyakov Gallery, passing through the most important halls of the museum. Don't get lost!

Inspection starts from the main entrance, if you stand facing the ticket office, on the left there is a staircase leading to the second floor. Room numbers are written at the entrance, above the doorway.

Hall 10 is almost completely devoted to the painting by Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov "The Appearance of the Messiah" (better known name is "The Appearance of Christ to the People"). The canvas itself occupies an entire wall, the remaining space is filled with sketches and sketches, of which a great many have accumulated over the twenty years of work on the painting. The artist painted “The Appearance of the Messiah” in Italy, then, not without incident, transported the canvas to Russia, and after criticism and non-recognition of the painting in his homeland, he died suddenly. It is interesting that Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol and Ivanov himself are depicted on the canvas, among others.

In room 16, on the right in the direction of travel, there is a touching painting by Vasily Vladimirovich Pukirev "Unequal Marriage". Rumor has it that this canvas is autobiographical: Pukirev's failed bride was married to a wealthy prince. The artist also immortalized himself in the picture - in the background, a young man with his arms crossed on his chest. True, these versions do not have actual confirmations.

Hall №16

On the left in the same hall is the canvas by Konstantin Dmitrievich Flavitsky "Princess Tarakanova". The painting depicts the legendary impostor, who tried to impersonate the daughter of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. There are many versions of the death of Princess Tarakanova (real name is unknown), the official one is death from consumption. However, another one went “to the people” (including thanks to the work of Flavitsky): the adventurer died during a flood in St. Petersburg, in a prison cell of the Peter and Paul Fortress.

Hall №16

In the 17th hall there is a painting by Vasily Grigorievich Perov "Hunters at rest". The canvas presents a whole plot composition: an older character (on the left) tells some kind of fictitious story that the young hunter sincerely believes (on the right). A middle-aged man (center) is skeptical about the story and only chuckles.

Experts often draw a parallel between Perov's painting and Turgenev's Notes of a Hunter.

Hall №17

Room 18 houses the most famous painting by Alexei Kondratievich Savrasov, The Rooks Have Arrived, painted in the Kostroma Region. The Church of the Resurrection, depicted in the picture, exists to this day - now there is the Savrasov Museum.

Unfortunately, despite the many excellent works, the artist remained in the memory of the people "the author of one picture" and died in poverty. However, it was Rooks that became the starting point for a new genre of landscape school in Russia - a lyrical landscape. Subsequently, Savrasov wrote several replicas of the painting.

Hall №18

In the 19th room there is a painting by Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky "Rainbow". Surprisingly, the artist, who painted about six thousand canvases in his life, always remained faithful to his chosen genre - marine art. The presented picture in terms of plot is no different from most of Aivazovsky's works: the canvas depicts a shipwreck in a storm. The difference lies in the colors. Usually using bright colors, for "Rainbow" the artist chose softer tones.

Hall №19

Room 20 contains the famous painting by Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy "Unknown" (it is often erroneously called "The Stranger"). The painting depicts a regal, chic lady passing by in a carriage. Interestingly, the identity of the woman remained a mystery to both the artist's contemporaries and art historians.

Kramskoy was one of the founders of the "Wanderers" society - an association of artists who opposed themselves to representatives of academism in painting and organized traveling exhibitions of their works.

Hall №20

On the right, in the direction of travel, in room 25, there is a painting by Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin "Morning in a pine forest" (sometimes the canvas is mistakenly called "Morning in a pine forest"). Despite the fact that now the authorship belongs to one artist, two people worked on the picture: the landscape painter Shishkin and the genre painter Savitsky. Konstantin Apollonovich Savitsky painted bear cubs, in addition, he is sometimes credited with the very idea of ​​\u200b\u200bcreating the picture. There are several versions of how Savitsky's signature disappeared from the canvas. According to one of them, Konstantin Apollonovich removed his last name from the finished work himself, thereby refusing authorship, according to another, the collector Pavel Tretyakov erased the artist’s signature after buying the painting.

Hall №25

In hall 26, three fabulous paintings by Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov hang at once: “Alyonushka”, “Ivan Tsarevich on the Gray Wolf” and “Bogatyrs”. Three heroes - Dobrynya Nikitich, Ilya Muromets and Alyosha Popovich (from left to right in the picture) - perhaps the most famous heroes of Russian epics. On Vasnetsov’s canvas, brave fellows, ready to take up battle at any moment, look out for an enemy on the horizon.

Interestingly, Vasnetsov was not only an artist, but also an architect. So, for example, the extension of the main entrance hall of the Tretyakov Gallery of the Ball was designed by him.

Hall №26

In the 27th hall there is Vasily Vasilyevich Vereshchagin's painting "The Apotheosis of War", belonging to the series of paintings "Barbarians", painted by the artist under the impression of military operations in Turkestan. There are many versions as to why such pyramids of skulls were laid out for the sake of. According to one legend, Tamerlane heard from the women of Baghdad a story about their unfaithful husbands and ordered each of his soldiers to bring a severed head of traitors. As a result, several mountains of skulls were formed.

Hall №27

Hall 28 houses one of the most famous and important paintings of the Tretyakov Gallery - Boyar Morozova by Vasily Ivanovich Surikov. Theodosia Morozova is an associate of Archpriest Avvakum, an adherent of the Old Believers, for which she paid with her life. On the canvas, the noblewoman, as a result of a conflict with the tsar - Morozova refused to accept the new faith - is being taken along one of the Moscow squares to the place of detention. Theodora raised two fingers in a sign that her faith was not broken.

A year and a half later, Morozova died of starvation in the earthen prison of the monastery.

Hall №28

Here, in the 28th hall, there is another epic canvas by Surikov - “Morning of the Streltsy Execution”. Streltsy regiments were sentenced to death as a result of a failed rebellion caused by the hardships of military service. The painting deliberately depicts not the execution itself, but only people waiting for it. However, there is a legend that initially the archers already executed by hanging were written on the sketches of the canvas, but one day, having entered the artist’s studio and seeing the sketch, the maid fainted. Surikov, who did not want to shock the public, but to convey the state of mind of the condemned in the last minutes of their lives, removed the images of the hanged from the picture.