Playing music on children's instruments is one of the most accessible forms of introducing a child to the world of music. Music has always (along with movement, speech and toys) been a necessary condition for the overall development of children.
Playing children's instruments - develops an ear for music, rhythm, musical memory, forms the skills of verbal and non-verbal communication, forms the readiness and ability to act in a team, develops fine and gross motor skills, as well as auditory, visual, tactile perception abilities.
Triangle- this geometric term is a musical instrument that is part of the percussion group and is often used in symphonic and operatic music. The shape of the tool is an equilateral triangle. Made from steel rod. The triangle is suspended from the console and lightly hit with a metal stick.
The sound is high (of indeterminate pitch), sonorous and gentle, and with a strong blow it is piercing, reminiscent of bells.
Ratchets. A ratchet is a bunch of wooden plates that, when shaken, hit each other and make crackling sounds.
The ratchet is usually held at the level of the head or chest, and sometimes higher; because this instrument attracts attention not only with its sound, but also with its appearance. Often it is decorated with colored ribbons and flowers.
Tambourine- one of the percussion instruments that came to the symphony orchestra in the 19th century, the tambourine was known in the countries of the Ancient East. Then it became a folk instrument in Italy and Spain. Not a single dance was complete without his accompaniment.
And in a symphony orchestra, he accompanies oriental, gypsy, Spanish and Italian dances. This is a hoop with rattles - small metal plates inserted into holes.
Xylophone- percussion instrument, outwardly similar to bells. The xylophone has the same shape, but is not made of metal plates, but of wooden blocks. They are played with two wooden sticks. The range of the xylophone is from “to” the first to “to” the fourth octave. The sound is dry, clicking, sonorous.
GLOCKENSPIEL Nowadays, there are quite a few instruments in which the sound arises from the vibration of an elastic metal body. These are triangles, gong, bells, cymbals and other percussion instruments. All of them are united by a common name - a metallophone. One of the metallophones, the vibraphone, is especially interesting for its design and expressive possibilities.
- acquaintance and work with the letter designations of sounds on instrument records
- the ability to properly hold the sticks (do not pinch the sticks with the whole palm, do not put the index finger on the stick, do not press the head of the stick to the plate during the strike)
- mastering various techniques of playing with two hands (joint movement, alternate movement, parallel movement, converging and diverging movement, crossing hands, tremolo, glissando).
INSTRUMENT PASSPORT
Name: Triangle (Italian triangolo, English and French triangle, German.
Group: percussion musical instrument
Origin: The origin of the instrument is unknown.
exactly, but the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron
claims that the triangle first appeared in the East.
Timbre: has a brilliant and bright timbre, capable of embellishing even
powerful orchestral tutti.
Sound extraction method: the triangle is suspended from one of
corners on a thin wire or braid, which is held in the hand or
attached to the music stand. The triangle is hit with a metal
(rarely wooden) stick (in the jargon of musicians, this stick
called "nail").
Device: percussion musical instrument
a piece of metal (usually steel or aluminium) bent into
triangle shape. One of the corners is left open (the ends of the rod
almost touch).
With a light blow, the sound is gentle, “airy”; when strong - bright, brilliant, easily cutting through orchestral tutti. Simple rhythmic figures, tremolo sound good on a triangle. His part is written on a thread. As a folk instrument, the triangle has been known since the 15th century. It was first used in opera music by K. V. Gluck and W. A. Mozart (late 18th century). Somewhat later, he firmly established himself in the symphonic orc. 
Puzzles:
What geometric figure became a musical instrument?
At the most fabulous moment, this instrument will enter.
But not everyone knows that he plays in the orchestra!
Quietly, gently ringing, as if everything is silver.
And then it will soon fall silent at the signal of the conductor.
Every student knows this. What's happened… (Triangle)
This is interesting!
History has not preserved a worthy narrative about the emergence of this wonderful orchestral instrument. The vague assumption that the triangle has neither Asian, nor, moreover, African roots and is an instrument of completely European origin is apparently not without foundation. When the triangle first appeared in the 15th century, it was not yet “triangular” in the direct meaning of this definition and, judging by the surviving images of Italian and English painters, it had the appearance of a trapezoid, very similar to the outlines of a medieval stirrup. Accordingly, some modern era names sometimes indicate its "triangularity", which is not difficult to conclude from the old French trepie, or its "agitation", which is clear from the Italian staffa or the old German - stegereif. The concept of “triangle” - triangle was first encountered in 1389 in one Württemberg property inventory, but, with the exception of the names already indicated, it was sometimes hidden under a misleading name - cymbale, used even by a scientist so careful and accurate in his writings, like Pere Mersenne. It is difficult to say now with absolute accuracy when exactly the ancient stirrup-shaped or trapezoidal “triangle” received the shape of an isosceles triangle, but it can be said with certainty that shortly before 1600 there were usually already three varieties, and after that time - five. The triangle entered the symphony orchestra no earlier than 1775, when it first took part in Gretry's opera La fausse Magie, but it settled in military music orchestras much earlier. In any case, it is known for sure that in pre-revolutionary Russia the triangle was already in operation in the troops of Elizabeth Petrovna and, judging by the fact that behind the triangle it was in Rus' that a strange and, in fact, based on nothing, snaffle nickname was established, it must be thought that it was firmly became part of the military at the time. It is fair, however, that this insulting nickname for the triangle has by no means penetrated into the symphony orchestra, and it enjoys well-deserved respect there. So, the modern triangle is a not very thin, not too thick steel rod, bent in the form of an isosceles triangle. Its ends are not closed and, most often, are completed with hooks or a loop on one side. Of course, a direct termination of the ends is also possible, indicating in this case the need to hang the tool at one of the two closed corners. Russian musicians believe that a special steel is needed for the triangle, colloquially known as silver, which has a “silvery” sound and is distinguished by its unusual purity and transparency. This steel is extremely resilient and not at all so easily amenable to external influences. Therefore, Haupt's statement that the triangle is "ist eine schwache, zu einem Dreieck gebogene Stahlstange" is not at all clear. If the word schwache is understood in the sense of a "thin" and "light" steel rod, then this is quite true. If it is perceived in its direct meaning, in the sense of "weak" and "soft", then this is a delusion. But one way or another, the steel rod from which the triangle is bent gives three sizes of bases. In France, the dimensions of the triangle are somewhat smaller than in America or Russia, but the most common instruments are now six, eight, and ten inches at the base. However, the cross section of the rod still causes a complete divergence of views. Thus, the authors of various articles on the triangle adhere to the point of view that its diameter should not exceed one quarter of an inch, while the masters of this case preach a double thickness of the rod, believing that the sound of the instrument becomes more stable, juicy and beautiful from this. The question, after all, is habit, but it is important that the triangle sparkle and ring, and not at all rattle and tinkle dimly and weakly. In direct connection with this last circumstance, there is also a method of hanging the triangle. Leaving aside the various techniques of the latter - with one or, for the sake of greater stability, with two loops, it is only necessary to note that the best sound of the instrument is achieved with ordinary gut strings. Only they do not muffle the instrument, while the ropes or, even worse, the straps that Vittorio Ricci mentions are completely unsuitable for this matter. But since the triangles themselves, being three sizes, sound different - the smaller ones are somewhat higher, the larger ones are lower - then the stick with which the instrument is sounded also has a certain significance. As you know, the sound on the triangle is extracted with a steel stick and is distinguished by extraordinary purity and transparency. Therefore, in order not to spoil things, the sticks should be without handles, which, like the ropes, muffle the sound, and for different sound strengths, they should have a different cross section. Thin rods, no more than one-eighth of an inch across, are used for the most delicate pianissimo. Medium ones, up to one quarter of an inch, are suitable for piano and mezzo-forte with all intermediate degrees of sound intensity, of course. Finally, thick sticks, up to three-eighths of an inch thick, are used for all other shades of sound strength - from forte to the sharpest fortissimo. It is clear, of course, that the author is not at all obliged to indicate the dimensions of the triangle and the sticks. The task of the performer is to unravel his intentions and apply such a variety of instrument that would best reproduce his plan. Notes for the triangle are now written in any duration, but only on the "thread" and without any keys. True, the French invented for instruments without a certain sound a “key” in the form of two sheer bars, but this “innovation” went further than French publishers, and even then not all of them, it didn’t go. There is no great need for it ... In the past, and not so long ago, a five-line staff with the key of Sol was used for the triangle, and its sounds were most often depicted in the place of a note to or mi of the second octave. Ebenezer Prout, considering this method of writing more appropriate, also mentions a very strange iotation of the triangle in the key of Fa. Berlioz in the Roman carnival, according to Haupt, used for this purpose the note A of the first octave, and Mahler, who used his own and, it must be said, unsuccessful writing for percussion instruments, depicted him in the Third Symphony in place of F and mi of the second octave, and in The second symphony - in place of G above the fifth line. The most controversial way of writing is the iotation of the triangle in the key of G on the same staff with some other percussion instruments, which Ricci only mentions in passing, and Stanislav Moniuszko (1819-1872), with quite enough free space, does not find anything more convenient than to place a triangle in the bass clef in common with the bass drum, snare drum and even timpani. All these "extraordinary things" are not difficult to find on the pages of the anniversary edition of the opera Galka. But one way or another, now all such methods of writing should be recognized as unconvincing and simply unsuccessful. The triangle, like an instrument without a definite sound, requires only a rhythmic pattern, and therefore any key or pitch notation of its notes, by no means reaching its goal, only clutters up the score. The triangle belongs to instruments without a definite sound, or rather, without a definite pitch, since it has a relative pitch and is distinguished by its undeniable charm. Kurt Sachs rightly notes on this occasion that "the triangle casts the brightest sheaf of light on the color palette of the orchestra", and that "its overtones are so sharp and close together that its pitch turns out to be indefinite, but it is precisely this uncertainty that gives it such a blinding brilliance" . All this is absolutely true, although in other cases the dimensions of the instrument and the diameter of its section have a certain influence on the relative "density" of its sound. In an orchestra, therefore, it is most convenient to use the larger sizes of the triangle, which differ in the most accurate and beautiful tone. It is on this occasion that Cecile Forsyth very aptly remarks, saying that the triangle "is not so small as to ring a" bell ", but it is not so large as to reach a musical sound of a certain height." However, from all that has been said, it by no means follows that the composer cannot use a triangle of smaller or larger sizes. Present-day performers in playing on the triangle achieve such perfection that they can fully satisfy even the most capricious requirements of the composer. And if such an irresistible desire arises at all costs to use a triangle with a particularly “subtle” sound or with a deliberately “rough” sound, then he will do the right thing if he expresses his wishes right there in the score. One can only assume with certainty that the performer in this case will try to remain true to himself - he will undoubtedly get by with his usual kind of triangle and reach the goal in a different way. But to no longer return to the affected. Here the question, by the way, is curious to recall that, according to Jacob von Stele, the triangles not only took a lively part in the so-called “Turkish music”, which first appeared at the court of Empress Elizabeth, but were also humiliated with rings hanging on their bases. During the game, these rings randomly and arbitrarily jumped, giving the triangle a "diverse sonority". It is unlikely that such an "adaptation" could contribute precisely to the diversity of sonority. Rather, it could contribute to the emergence of side noises, which may well be appropriate in such music as von Stehlin narrates. But such an “innovation” would, of course, be completely intolerable in a modern symphony orchestra, where the distinguishing feature in the sound of a triangle is its brilliance, clarity, transparency and sonority ... What are the artistic possibilities of a triangle in a modern orchestra now? According to Berlioz, they are very pitiful! Still, it's amazing how quickly tastes change and how easily composers move from one extreme to another! Berlioz, whose opinion cannot be distrusted, speaks of the triangle as if it concerns some kind of “beast”, whose presence in the orchestra is subject to unusual regulations. Indeed, he says that the triangle "is more difficult to use in an orchestra than instruments capable of rattling, crackling, and sustaining sound" and that its "metallic tinkling in the forte is suitable only for exaggeratedly brilliant music, while in the piano its sound is full of peculiar -gross quirkiness. In modern conditions it is difficult, of course, to believe such "peculiar" abilities of the triangle. Now, on the contrary, his presence in the orchestra is associated not only with "brilliance" and "solemnity" of a by no means exaggerated nature, but with everything that is easily combined with the concept of modest, elegant and even refined. It is in this refraction that the triangle should be used and all hints of "certaine bizarrerie sauuage" - some wild, barbaric, rude, unbridled strangeness or bizarreness, or, according to Gevaart, - of "Turkish music", integral, even if the most picturesque accessory of which he seems to be. There are exceptions, of course, but the whole thing depends, in the end, on the music, its content and purpose, and there is nothing easier to testify to the great variety in the use of the triangle and its amazing ability to easily adapt to the music in which it is called upon to act. The sound of a triangle, as is already known, is extracted with the assistance of three types of steel sticks - thin, medium and thick. But since the triangle belongs to instruments without a definite sound, the task of the stick naturally comes down to tapping out all sorts of rhythmic constructions. Here it should be remembered only in passing that individual blows in a relatively moderate Movement are made with the right hand and in the middle of the base of the triangle. In a faster alternation of notes, successive alternating strokes with sticks of the right and left hands are used. Strong and relatively strong beats of the measure, as a rule, are beaten off with the right hand. And these seemingly "immense possibilities" of the triangle, in reality, turn out to be largely infringed, and here's why. The fact is that the whole beauty of the triangle lies in the free damping of its oscillations, the duration of which prevents the instrument from being excited too often. In other words, with excessively frequent stick strikes, excessive rattling of the instrument occurs, which by no means contributes to the merits of the triangle and usually greatly violates not only the clarity of the selected pattern, but also its relative harmony in terms of pitch accuracy. This very remarkable observation may easily seem to contradict the nature of the instrument. Indeed, what kind of "accuracy" can we talk about when the triangle belongs to the number of instruments without a certain sound? Meanwhile, this is exactly the way it is, and the reason for such an unpleasant phenomenon lies precisely in the slow damping of the oscillations. In support of what has been said, it suffices to recall two excellent cases of the use of the triangle in solo, where the sound of the instrument at some fraction of a moment turns out to be positively incompatible with the sound of the rest of the orchestra. The strength of the triangle's sound is easily consistent with any intentions of the author, and the performer usually himself knows which way to achieve the desired. But just in case, it is still useful to know that the louder the sound, the closer to the middle the strokes of the stick move and, conversely, the softer it is, the more these strokes deviate towards the corner. It goes without saying that in forte and fortissimo the performer uses a large swing of the stick and strikes with quite noticeable tension, while in piano and pianissimo he lightly touches the wall of the triangle, likening his blow to a sharp, but extremely light prick of a needle. In essence, the reproduction of crescendo and diminuendo is also based on various ways of performing a trill. It is achieved by simply moving or, more precisely, by gradually sliding the stick from the top of the corner to the middle of the triangle with crescendo and from the middle of the triangle to its top with diminuendo. From what has been said, it is clear that the greatest volume occurs with the greatest span of the stick, which falls approximately in the middle of the triangle, and the smallest sound power, on the contrary, can be achieved only in the corner of the instrument, where its natural excitability is less free and unconstrained. The gradual transition from piano to forte through a freely increasing crescendo does not cause any difficulties in performance. On the contrary, the successive diminuendo from sharp fortissimo to the finest pianissimo depends to a certain extent not so much on the natural decay of the sound, but on the insistent intervention of the performer himself, who is obliged to make every effort to carry out the prescribed by the author. It is easy to agree that during the crescendo and diminuendo the change of sticks is not feasible, and the composer should therefore not demand the impossible. But all these subtleties in extracting sound and en-power should by no means excite the author - his business is to accurately state his intentions on paper, and the performer's business is to master his instrument perfectly and reproduce exactly what is written. Here it is only appropriate to recall that any strike on the triangle must always be clear and definite in order to eliminate its echo, as a result of its “recoil”. Quite rightly, therefore, Vidor notes that "such a blow with a double sound return should be recognized as unconditionally erroneous and the stick in all cases should produce only one single blow." Now - a few more words about sticks. An ordinary strike on a triangle, depending on its strength, is extracted with a steel rod of the proper thickness, and the performer, in accordance with his skill, copes well with all the usual prescriptions of the author. But sometimes, in order to obtain a particularly gentle and slightly dull pianissimo, the author provides a wooden stick, which gives a less bright and somewhat muffled sound. Such a stick, which performers clearly dislike, can be used on a par with a metal one, but it should not be abused. It does not give a proper idea of the instrument and in the end produces a sound of rather mediocre quality. Nevertheless, it is sometimes found in the orchestra and the author will act quite prudently if he marks her appearance with a special designation aies une baguette de bois - “wooden stick”. If there was a general agreement on this score, then nothing would prevent replacing such a long verbal definition with small crosses placed under each note. The artificial suppression of the free sounding of the triangle is achieved by touching the finger to any point on the surface of the instrument. The need for muting is most often established by the performer himself, but the reason for this may be either the nature of the music itself, or the way it is presented. The first case is a completely variable value, depending to a large extent on the personal tastes of the performer or conductor. The second, on the contrary, receives an external expression in the form of a rhythmic pattern, dots above the notes, indicating an emphasized brevity of sound, or, finally, in the form of pauses separating one note from another. Under these circumstances, no additional designations are required, since most authors rely on the experience of their performers and fully trust their attention and artistic taste. However, Mahler carefully stipulates this case in his works, demanding muting where it can be by itself and is not implied. In the score, therefore, it is useful to indicate in words - etouffez le son or simply etouffez - the need to drown out the sound of the triangle. Sometimes, however, there is a need for just the opposite approach. It may turn out that the author, using the triangle, wants to leave his sound free up to natural attenuation. He will then act quite sensibly if he introduces the words netuffez pas! or laissez vibrer! Both of these concepts - "do not turn off!" and “leave it ringing!” equally well meet the true intentions of the author. A small league, stretched from the note head to the right, completely replaces the given verbal definition. In the modern orchestra, the triangle has become extremely widespread. True, most Western theoreticians limit its possibilities by arguing that the triangle has the greatest use in dance-entertainment and ballet music. In comic opera and operetta, it is already less common, in grand opera - sometimes in symphonic music - only in special cases. Now such conclusions sound very naive. The triangle knows no barriers and is used in any music that needs its light, sonorous and unusually beautiful sonority. Therefore, any enumeration of scores where the triangle is used will seem far from complete under all conditions. Moreover, it is no longer possible to exhaust even the best cases of its use with sufficient completeness, and therefore it is better either not to talk about the successes of the triangle in the orchestra at all, or to reduce this list to the most common cases in order to give only some idea of how how great masters used the triangle for almost three hundred years. But before proceeding to the presentation of the artistic means and possibilities of the triangle in the orchestra, it is time to say a few words about the way it is used during the game. For a long time, a ridiculous custom has been established to tie a triangle to the crossbar of the music console. Under such conditions, its sound, not having the proper space for propagation, sounds muffled and not loud. In this regard, in some especially good orchestras, the performers never tie up the triangle, but hold it with their left hand at the level of the head of a seated person and play on it “on weight”. In the development of this position, many modern conductors require playing on a triangle while standing, so that its ringing silver strikes or sparkling trills are freely carried through the air and how. dominate the orchestra. Of course, there is nothing to object to such a completely reasonable requirement, but for some reason many performers mistakenly believe that playing the triangle while standing in front of the entire auditorium not only has no effect on its sonority, but simply interferes with the orchestra. The performers must learn once and for all that it is precisely this kind of playing on the triangle, aimed at achieving the best sonority of the orchestra, that should be regarded by them only in a positive sense. As already known from the previous one, he first used the Grétry triangle in his opera Arcane Magic. However, according to the custom of that time, the author did not write a special party for the triangle, but limited himself to a very eloquent note - "accompanied by cymbals, triangles and other unusual instruments." On the contrary, the pianissimo of the triangle, which acts so peacefully in the orchestra, except perhaps for such music, the authors of which are generally devoid of any sense of beauty, is very successfully applied by the overwhelming majority of outstanding composers. But is it possible for the conclusion to exhaust all the best that is given by the great masters? Positively, there is no way even to enumerate all those works of them, where in this or that refraction the sparkling sonority of the triangle is encountered. Let the reader believe that the examples given below from the works of Russian authors are a "small fraction" of what is actually there. Let him give himself the trouble to leaf through the scores of even the most outstanding and famous Russian classics, in order to make sure that it is very difficult to talk about their samples, because every chance is a genuine artistic revelation. But all the above advantages of the triangle are by no means exhausted. The most remarkable property of this instrument is its ability to excite orchestral sonority and bring it to the extreme limit. Any crescendo or fortissimo that seems to have reached the highest level of tension with the entry of the triangle is easily surpassed. And therefore, Vidor is deeply right when he quite rightly expressed his admiration for such an amazing quality of such a small and unprepossessing instrument. Perhaps, only one plate could compete with the triangle in this direction, but the impression it reproduces is of a completely different order. The ringing trill of the triangle is capable of not only elevating the orchestral sound to the next level, but it has the power to enlighten any complex combination. Even if the trill of the triangle sinks into the bowels of the orchestra and remains elusive. She will do her job! It will clarify the overly saturated sonority of the orchestra and make it stately, solemn and brilliant.
The triangle is an orchestral musical instrument that has a shape. Its part takes place in almost all symphonic and operatic masterpieces of world music. The triangle musical instrument belongs to the percussion group and has a bright, sonorous sound.
Description
The shape of the triangle is open - one corner remains slightly open. This is due to the acoustic features and the way the instrument is made. The classical musical instrument triangle is made from a steel rod bent into the shape of an equilateral triangle.
Tool sizes may vary. The volume and timbre coloring of the sound depends on the magnitude. In the classic version, the triangle is equipped with a steel stick - a nail, but, in modern trim levels, you can find tools equipped with two nails.
In the article you can see a triangle (musical instrument). A photo of him is offered to your attention below.
Origin of the triangle
Despite all attempts to establish the homeland and time of origin of the triangle, no one has been able to establish an unambiguous version.
It is believed that its first predecessor appeared in the 15th century. The ancestor of the triangle, judging by the works of fine art of those years, had the shape of a trapezoid. By the 17th century, several varieties of this percussion instrument had appeared.
By the end of the 18th century, the musical instrument triangle had become an integral part of all orchestral parts.
Does the triangle have pitch
The beauty of the triangle is that, like any other, it is capable of producing a sound of indefinite pitch. But, despite this, the sounds made by him can be quite diverse. It depends mainly on what the instrument is made of, as well as the material the impact stick is made of.
The classic version of steel is rather an encyclopedic version. Today, experimenters make it from various metals and alloys. And sticks for a triangle can be found even in a wooden version. These features give the tool unlimited possibilities.
What is another name for a triangle?
The triangle is a musical instrument, the name of which, in most cases, is pronounced that way. However, there are other names that are more like nicknames. For example, in Russia, during the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna, the instrument was nicknamed "snaffle". Fortunately, this formulation did not penetrate into the classical orchestra, but was used only in the military environment.
Some also tend to pronounce a name that is close to the European sound - triangle or triangolo. However, such frills are not very welcome, even in the most sophisticated society. And therefore, the musical instrument triangle, as it is called, is called so.
How to learn to play the triangle
A musician who has mastered the game on any musical instrument will not be difficult to master the triangle. In fact, it is subject to anyone who has elementary and musicality. It is no coincidence that it is used in music lessons in the general education program of the school, as one of the main tools to instill in schoolchildren an elementary musical and rhythmic culture.
The main tasks of the musician - to control the strength of the sound and its duration. These tasks are easy to achieve, even relying on elementary ideas about the physical properties of objects. The volume is controlled by the force of the nail strike. The duration of the vibration is adjusted by touching one of the sides of the triangle.
Concerto for Triangle
The most famous work in which the triangle is entrusted with a rather independent part is the first concerto for piano and orchestra by F. Liszt, written in 1849. This work even received a playful nickname among musicians - a concerto for a triangle. The fact is that, in addition to background rhythmic functions, the triangle performs a separate part, opening the third part of the concert - Allegretto vivace. Having proved its right to independent development, the triangle with dignity took its place among classical musical instruments.
Triangle at Wikimedia Commons Triangle (musical instrument)Since the end of the 18th century, the triangle has been one of the main percussion instruments of the symphony orchestra. In the compositions of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven, it was used to imitate the so-called "janissary music". One of the first compositions in which the triangle was entrusted with a fairly responsible independent part is Liszt's Piano Concerto No. 1. Among musicians, this work is sometimes jokingly referred to as the "concert for the triangle".
The characteristic sound of the triangle can be heard in the middle section of the overture to the opera "William Tell" by Rossini, Grieg's music for the drama "Peer Gynt" (Anitra's Dance, Arabic Dance) and other compositions. The triangle is widely used in forro, samba and other types of popular music from the Brazilian Northeast.
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Links
- (unavailable link since 14-06-2016 (987 days))
- Solovyov N. F.// Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
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The most elementary percussion instrument is the triangle. No modern orchestra can do without it. The musical instrument triangle has a bright and sonorous timbre.
First mention
Unfortunately, the history of music has not preserved reliable facts about the origin of the triangle. However, most musicologists are inclined to believe that the triangle musical instrument came to us from the East.
For the first time, a triangle as a way to extract music appeared in the 15th century and looked more like a trapezoid in shape. This is evidenced by some English and Italian picturesque images. The name "triangle" and the description of the musical instrument were mentioned in one of the property records in 1389 in Württemberg. Today it is impossible to say with certainty when exactly the trapezoidal "triangle" was transformed into an isosceles one, but in 1600 there were already 3 varieties of them.
The classic musical instrument, the triangle, entered the symphony orchestra in 1775, when it was first performed in Gretry's opera La Fause Magie. Until this year, he actively participated in military bands, where he acquired the not entirely deserved name "snaffle". It turns out that the musical instrument triangle, as it is called in the orchestra, has several more names that have more European roots - these are triangolo and triangle.
Description
Today, this tool is a metal rod of medium thickness (8-10 mm), which is bent in the shape of an isosceles triangle. The ends of the tool are not closed, but the rods are located close to each other. In the world of music, there are three types of musical triangles:
- large - with a base length of 250 mm;
- medium - 200 mm;
- small - 150 mm.
Despite the fact that the musical instrument triangle seems simple, it is made in accordance with clear rules. In order for the triangle to sound special, a special steel is used for its manufacture - silver. Also important is the material for which it is suspended. If in the old days an ordinary rope was used for these purposes, today this is done with the help of strings, since they do not muffle the sound of the triangle. Due attention is paid to the stick, through which the sound is extracted. It should not contain any handles and is usually made of the same metal.
Instrument sound
The triangle is a musical instrument that belongs to a group with an indefinite pitch. It is characterized by a transparent and clear sound with different levels of volume and character. So, to achieve a thin and high sound, a small triangle is used, for a more "juicy" and low - a large one.
If you want to play pianissimo or piano, you should strike with a stick with a diameter of 2.5 millimeters on the upper side parts of the instrument. To obtain fortissimo and forte, strike the base with a thick stick. The tremolo is achieved with quick strikes on the sides, and the glissando sound is produced by swiping the stick across the outside.
In what works does
The echo of this musical instrument can be heard in many famous works. Its most striking sound is revealed in F. Liszt's Concerto No. 1, which was written for piano and orchestra and where the triangle received an independent part. Also, the musical instrument triangle is present in such works as: "Don Juan" Strauss' symphonic poem, "Scheherazade" suite for orchestra by Rimsky-Korsakov, 1888, "The Sorcerer's Apprentice", Duke's symphonic scherzo, "Antar" symphony and many other works.
The triangle is by no means a simple tool. Its ringing sound is able to envelop any polysyllabic composition with charms and make it brilliant and unique.
