Podkamennaya Tunguska is a river in Russia, which is a right tributary of the Yenisei. It flows in the Irkutsk region and the Krasnoyarsk Territory, where the Tunguska meteorite fell. This event did not receive due attention at that time. However, later it was studied in earnest. And they didn't find anything.
On the right bank of the river is the village of Podkamennaya Tunguska. After an unusual incident, this area became known to the whole world. The event is still of concern to researchers. And not only in Russia. The phenomenon of the Tunguska meteorite excites the minds of foreign scientists as well.
The most famous phenomenon of the 20th century
In what year and where did the Tunguska meteorite fall? The fall took place on June 30, 1908. But the old style is June 17th. In the morning at 7:17 a.m., the sky over Siberia lit up with a flash. An object with a fiery tail was seen flying towards Earth.
The explosion that resounded in the Podkamennaya Tunguska basin was deafening. It exceeded the power of the atomic explosion in Hiroshima by 2,000 times.
For reference, in 1945, 2 atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. They did not reach the ground, exploding in the atmosphere, but the force of the explosion destroyed many people. In the place of flourishing cities, a desert was formed. Today 2 cities are completely rebuilt.
Consequences of the disaster
An explosion of unknown origin destroyed 2000 km 2 of the taiga, killed all living things that lived in this part of the forest. The shock wave made all of Eurasia shudder and circled the globe twice.
Barometers at Cambridge and Petersfield stations recorded a jump in atmospheric pressure. The whole territory from Siberia to the borders of Western Europe admired the white nights. The phenomenon lasted from June 30 to July 2.
Scientists from Berlin and Hamburg in those distant days were attracted by noctilucent clouds in the sky. They were an accumulation of small particles of ice that were thrown there by a volcanic eruption. However, no eruption was recorded.
But the incident did not attract due attention. Somehow they quickly forgot about him, and then a revolution, a war followed. They returned to the study of the Tunguska meteorite only decades later.
And they did not find anything, except for the consequences of the explosion in the area where the Tunguska meteorite fell. No fragments of a celestial body, nor any other traces of a space guest.
eyewitness accounts
Fortunately, they still managed to interview the inhabitants of Podkamennaya Tunguska. A few days before the explosion, people observed unusual flashes in the sky.
The explosion itself shook the whole of Siberia. Locals have seen animals thrown into the air by his power. The houses shook. And there was a bright flash in the sky. The rumble was heard for another 20 minutes after the fall of an unknown body. By the way, many argue that in fact there was more than one blow. The old Tungus Chuchancha told about this. First, 4 powerful blows followed with the same frequency, and 5 were heard somewhere in the distance. The inhabitants of the village, where the Tunguska meteorite fell, fully felt the forces of the explosion.
At this time, all seismographic stations in Russia, Europe and America recorded a strange shaking of the earth's crust.
People claim that after the explosion there was a strange, frightening silence. Birds and other habitual forest sounds were not heard. The sky dimmed, and the leaves on the trees first turned yellow, then red. By night they were completely blackened. In the direction of Podkamennaya Tunguska, a solid silver wall stood for 8 hours.
What exactly people saw in the sky is hard to say - everyone has their own version. Someone talks about a celestial body (each of the narrators tells about a different form), someone about the fire that engulfed the entire sky. “The shirt on me seemed to catch fire,” said an eyewitness to the events.
thunder god
Today, trees grow again at the place where the meteorite fell. Their increased growth immediately after the disaster speaks of genetic mutations. They are never found in meteorite impact sites, which refutes the logical version. Perhaps, where the Tunguska meteorite fell, a strong electromagnetic field formed.
The giants hit by the blast still lie in neat rows, indicating the direction of the explosion. Burnt trees with uprooted roots remind of a strange catastrophe.
The expedition, which arrived at the site of the explosion in the summer of 2017, examined the fallen trees with a specialist. Local residents, representatives of the peoples of the lower Amur (Evenks, Oroks) believed that they had met with the thunder god Agdy, the devourer of people. It is noteworthy that the place where the Tunguska meteorite fell really resembles a giant bird or butterfly in shape.
Where did the Tunguska meteorite actually fall?
The heart of the disaster in the taiga resembles a crater. However, it is not. The space body (most researchers believe that this was it) probably broke into small pieces when it hit the atmosphere. They could be scattered in different parts of the taiga. Therefore, no traces of a cosmic body were found at the epicenter of the explosion.
Lake Cheko is located just 8 km from the meteorite impact area. Its depth reaches 50 meters and has a conical shape. Italian geologists have suggested that the lake was formed as a result of a meteorite impact.
However, in 2016, their Russian colleagues took samples of lake sediments and submitted them for examination. It turned out that the lake is at least 280 years old. Perhaps even more.
One of the correspondents wrote that one of his neighbors observed a flying star that fell into the water. Will meteorite particles never be found?
The comet burned up before the fall
One of the most popular and plausible versions is a comet that burned up in the atmosphere. The body, which consisted of mud, ice and snow, could simply not reach the Earth. During the fall, it warmed up to several thousand degrees and shattered into small pieces at a height of 5-7 km above the ground. Therefore, the remains of it were not found.
However, in the soil, at the place where the Tunguska meteorite fell, traces of cometary mud and water were preserved. They are preserved in sphagnum mosses, which form peat. The layer formed in 1908 contains an increased content of cosmic dust.
Black and white?
The theory put forward by Andrey Tyunyaev has already been published in the journal. It is based on the fact of the existence of black and white holes.
A black hole absorbs microparticles. No one will ever know what happens to them after falling into her mouth. A black hole transforms matter into space. A white hole is capable of forming this matter from space. Both of them perform the function of the circulation of substances. That is, they perform opposite tasks. Tyunyaev is sure that all celestial bodies are formed precisely thanks to a white hole.
Perhaps the Tunguska meteorite really was the result of the work of a white hole. But where did she come from in Siberia? There are 2 theories: either it was formed in outer space, near the Earth, or emerged from the bowels of our planet. And the explosion could provoke the contact of hydrogen, which is released during the operation of the white hole, with oxygen. During the explosion, only water is formed, which is very abundant in the area of the incident.
A white hole is a phenomenon so far little studied and even devoid of a sufficient number of theories. How her black sister is formed, scientists know. Perhaps they work together and complement each other. Perhaps these are two sides of the same object, which is connected by a wormhole.
Damn Cemetery
Strange phenomena in the form of silence and blackened leaves may indicate a distortion of time, physicists say. The fact is that not far from the place where the Tunguska meteorite fell (the facts confirm this information) there is an anomalous zone. They call it the Devil's Cemetery. This place gained terrible fame back in the mid-thirties.
The shepherds lost several cows while moving their herd to the Kova River. Puzzled, they, along with the dogs, began to look for them. And soon they came to a desert area, completely devoid of vegetation. There were torn cows and dead birds. The dogs ran away with their tails between their legs, while the men managed to pull the cows out with hooks. But their meat was inedible. The dogs that ran out into the clearing also soon died of unknown diseases.
This area has been explored by many expeditions. Four went missing in the taiga, the rest died shortly after visiting the Devil's cemetery.
Local residents claim that at night they see strange lights in those places and hear heartbreaking screams. Foresters are sure that they see ghosts in the forest.
sensational speculation
The science fiction writer Kazantsev in 1908 voiced the version that an alien ship had fallen to Earth, which had lost control. Therefore, the explosion occurred in the middle of the taiga, and not in a city or village - the ship was deliberately sent to a deserted area in order to save people's lives.
Kazantsev based his version on the assumption that the explosion was not nuclear, but airborne. Surprisingly, this theory was confirmed by scientists in 1958 - the explosion was indeed air. Medical examinations were carried out. And the local residents did not find any signs of radiation sickness. Perhaps, experts believe, together with a meteorite, a substance unknown to science hit the Earth. It kills all life and distorts the passage of time.
Secrets of the Tunguska meteorite and interesting facts about it
To date, none of the hypotheses (and there are more than a hundred of them) is not able to explain all the features that accompanied the explosion.
Some interesting facts about the Tunguska meteorite:
- If the catastrophe had occurred 4 hours later, but in the same place where the Tunguska meteorite fell, the city of Vyborg would have been destroyed. And St. Petersburg is significantly damaged.
- 708 eyewitnesses of the event indicated different directions of motion of the cosmic body. Most likely, two or maybe three objects collided at once.
- Glass trembled, objects fell, dishes broke. Women ran out into the street in horror, crying. They thought it was the end of the world.
- There is a version that the catastrophe was a consequence of the Russian revolution of 1905-1907. God was angry with St. Petersburg, so the direction of the shock wave pointed to this city.
- Thunderous sounds were heard both during the flight of the car, and before and after its landing. And his light was so bright that it surpassed the sun.
- The power of the explosion is estimated by experts at 40-50 megatons. This is thousands of times more powerful than the atomic bomb that America dropped on Hiroshima.
Finally
The place where the Tunguska meteorite fell (which region of the epicenter of events is indicated above is the Krasnoyarsk Territory) is still of interest to researchers. Perhaps this phenomenon is one of the most mysterious events of the last century. Whether it will ever be solved is unknown.
Almost everyone has heard of the Tunguska meteorite, but its mystery has not yet been solved. Today, most people know that in 1908 on June 30 in the Siberian taiga ...
Almost everyone has heard of the Tunguska meteorite, but its mystery has not yet been solved. Today, most people know that in 1908, on June 30, a huge meteorite fell in the Siberian taiga. But modern analysis of this event has led to the emergence of many other hypotheses of the catastrophe. We are talking about an explosion of terrifying force that happened at the beginning of the twentieth century, which shook the depths of the Russian North in the early morning of a summer day.
1. The charm of an early calm morning on June 30, 1908, in the area of the Podkamennaya Tunguska River, was broken within a radius of 45 km from the epicenter by an unexpected explosion of unprecedented power. In the explosion, millions of trees were uprooted, hellish heat bound the earth, dry wood and moss flared up. An earthquake was felt at a distance of 1000 km. The sounds of the explosion were heard at a distance of 1200 km. The air wave caused by the explosion was recorded by almost all weather stations in the world.
2 An interesting fact is that accelerated growth of trees was found in the epicenter of the explosion. According to a number of For many decades, the rich vegetation in the area of the explosion turned into a dead forest. It is believed that the explosion energy of the Tunguska meteorite was 40 megatons of TNT equivalent (this fact confirms the presence of a radiation release during the explosion.
3. The first researchers appeared at the site of the explosion only in 1927-1939. Before the expeditions, a picture terrifying in its destructiveness appeared: a continuous flooring of centuries-old trees, the “needles” of charred trunks pierced the sky, the roots of all fallen trees were turned in one direction. It was in the center of the explosion that scientists were looking for traces of a celestial alien, but fragments of the Tunguska meteorite were never found.
4. In 1988, members of another expedition discovered strange metal rods near Vanavara. A new hypothesis has emerged that some highly developed space civilization was trying to save our planet from a collision with a huge comet. But the attack of aliens who tried to split the comet was not successful, and some parts of the comet still hit the Earth. The earthlings were saved, but the alien ship crashed and had to be repaired already on the surface of the Earth. Then the alien ship safely left our planet, and the failed blocks were left at the place of repair. For a long time of research and search for parts of the Tunguska meteorite, 12 conical holes were found, but since no one studied them, the depth of the holes is unknown and there are no versions about the reasons for their occurrence.
5. In 2006, a new discovery at the site of the explosion of the Tunguska meteorite shocked the scientific world. Quartz cobblestones with mysterious writings were found there. According to scientists, mysterious signs are applied to the stone by an unknown man-made method, presumably using plasma. A more detailed analysis of the stones confirmed the version that the cobblestones contain an admixture of cosmic substances that cannot be obtained on Earth, which means they are artifacts. According to the hypothesis of the Russian scientist Lavbin, quartz stones are particles of an information container sent to Earth by a highly developed extraterrestrial civilization, which exploded due to landing problems. This conclusion was based on the findings that researchers managed to find in the wilds of the Siberian taiga at the site of the Tunguska disaster.
But despite the large number of hypotheses put forward, none of them has received its actual confirmation, so the mystery of the Tunguska meteorite remains unsolved.
The Tunguska meteorite is rightfully considered the greatest scientific mystery of the 20th century. The number of options about its nature has exceeded a hundred, but not one has been recognized as the only true and final one. Despite a significant number of eyewitnesses and numerous expeditions, the crash site was not found, as well as the material evidence of the phenomenon, all the versions put forward are based on indirect facts and consequences.
How the Tunguska meteorite fell
At the end of June 1908, the inhabitants of Europe and Russia witnessed unique atmospheric phenomena: from solar halos to anomalously white nights. On the morning of the 30th, a luminous body, presumably of a spherical or cylindrical shape, swept at high speed over the central strip of Siberia. According to observers, it had a white, yellow or red color, was accompanied by rumbling and sounds of explosions when moving, and left no traces in the atmosphere. 
At 7:14 local time, the hypothetical body of the Tunguska meteorite exploded. A powerful blast wave knocked down trees in the taiga on an area of up to 2.2 thousand hectares. The sounds of the explosion were recorded 800 km from the approximate epicenter, seismological consequences (an earthquake with a magnitude of up to 5 units) were recorded throughout the Eurasian continent.
On the same day, scientists noted the beginning of a 5-hour magnetic storm. Atmospheric phenomena, similar to the previous ones, were clearly observed for 2 days and periodically occurred within 1 month. 
Collection of information about the phenomenon, evaluation of facts
Publications about the event appeared on the same day, but serious research began in the 1920s. By the time of the first expedition, 12 years had passed since the fall, which had a negative impact on the collection and analysis of information. This and subsequent pre-war Soviet expeditions could not find where the object fell, despite aerial surveys carried out in 1938. The information obtained allowed us to conclude:
- There were no photos of the body falling or moving.
- The detonation occurred in the air at an altitude of 5 to 15 km, the initial estimate of the yield was 40-50 megatons (some scientists estimate it at 10-15).
- The explosion was not a point one; the crankcase was not found in the alleged epicenter.
- The proposed landing site is a swampy area of taiga on the Podkamennaya Tunguska River.
Top hypotheses and versions
- meteoric origin. The hypothesis supported by most scientists about the fall of a massive celestial body or a swarm of small objects or their passage along a tangent. Real confirmation of the hypothesis: no crater or particles were found.
- The fall of a comet with a nucleus of ice or cosmic dust with a loose structure. The version explains the absence of traces of the Tunguska meteorite, but contradicts the low height of the explosion.
- Cosmic or artificial origin of the object. The weak point of this theory is the absence of traces of radiation, except for rapidly growing trees.
- Detonation of antimatter. The Tunguska body is a piece of antimatter that has turned into radiation in the Earth's atmosphere. As in the case of the comet, the version does not explain the low height of the observed object, and there are no traces of annihilation either.
- The failed experiment of Nikola Tesla on the transfer of energy at a distance. The new hypothesis, based on the notes and statements of the scientist, has not been confirmed.
The main contradiction is the analysis of the area of the fallen forest, it had the shape of a butterfly characteristic of a meteorite fall, but the orientation of the lying trees is not explained by any scientific hypothesis. In the early years, the taiga was dead, later the plants showed abnormally high growth, characteristic of the areas exposed to radiation: Hiroshima and Chernobyl. But the analysis of the collected minerals found no evidence of the ignition of nuclear matter. 
In 2006, in the area of Podkamennaya Tunguska, artifacts of various sizes were discovered - quartz cobblestones from fused plates with an unknown alphabet, presumably deposited by plasma and containing particles inside that can only be of cosmic origin.
The Tunguska meteorite was not always taken seriously. So, in 1960, a comic biological hypothesis was put forward - a detonation thermal explosion of a cloud of Siberian midges with a volume of 5 km 3. Five years later, the original idea of the Strugatsky brothers appeared - “You need to look not where, but when” about an alien ship with a reverse flow of time. Like many other fantastic versions, it was logically justified better than those put forward by research scientists, the only objection is anti-science. 
The main paradox is that despite the abundance of options (scientific above 100) and the international studies carried out, the secret has not been revealed. All reliable facts about the Tunguska meteorite include only the date of the event and its consequences.
The history of the Tunguska meteorite dates back to June 30, 1908. In the earth's atmosphere over Eastern Siberia, between the Lena and Podkamennaya Tunguska rivers, an object bright as the sun exploded and flew a couple of hundred kilometers. Later, this object was named the Tunguska meteorite. Thunder rumbles could be heard within a radius of a thousand kilometers. The mysterious object completed its flight at an altitude of 5-10 kilometers above the taiga with an explosion.
As a result of the blast wave, the forest, located within a radius of 40 kilometers, was tumbled down. Animals died and people got hurt. During the explosion, the power of the light flash reached such strength that it caused a forest fire. It was he who caused the devastation of the entire region. As a result, inexplicable light phenomena began to occur on the territory of a vast space, later called “bright nights of the summer of 1908”. This effect arose as a result of clouds formed at an altitude of about 80 kilometers. They reflected the sun's rays, creating "bright nights". On June 30, night did not fall over the territory, the sky shone with such a light that it was possible to read. This phenomenon was observed over several nights.
The fall and explosion of a meteorite for many years turned the taiga, rich in vegetation, into a dead cemetery of a dead forest. When it came time to investigate this catastrophe, the results were stunning. The explosion energy of the Tunguska meteorite was 10-40 megatons of TNT equivalent. This can be compared to the energy of 2,000 nuclear bombs dropped on Hiroshima in 1945. Much later, a significant growth of trees became noticeable. Such changes speak of a radiation release.
Tunguska meteorite - theories of occurrence.
Until now, the mystery of the Tunguska meteorite cannot be solved. Only in the 20s of the last century, studies of this phenomenon began. By decree of the USSR Academy of Sciences, four expeditions were sent, led by the mineralogist Leonid Kulik. Even after the incident of the century, all the secrets of the mysterious phenomenon have not been revealed.
Hypotheses were very different regarding the incidents in the Tunguska taiga. Some have suggested that there was an explosion of swamp gas. Others talked about the crash of an alien ship. Theories have been put forward about a meteorite from Mars; that the icy nucleus of a comet fell to Earth. Hundreds of theories have been put forward. Michael Ryan and Albert Jackson, American physicists, announced that our planet has collided with a "black hole". Felix de Roy, an optical anomaly researcher and astronomer from France, put forward the theory that on this day the Earth, with its probability, could collide with a cloud of cosmic dust. And some researchers came up with the idea that it could be a piece of plasma that broke away from the Sun.
The theory of Yuri Lavbin.
The research expedition of the Siberian Public Foundation "Tunguska Space Phenomenon", which was organized in 1988, led by Yuri Lavbin, Corresponding Member of the Petrovsky Academy of Sciences and Arts, discovered metal rods near Vanavara. And here Lovebin put forward his own theory: a huge comet is approaching the planet Earth. Some advanced civilization from outer space became aware of a future tragedy, and to prevent a catastrophe, the aliens sent their sentinel ship. His goal was to split the giant comet. The nucleus of the comet broke up and some of the fragments hit our planet, while the rest flew by. The inhabitants of the planet were saved from imminent death, but as a result, one fragment damaged the alien ship and he was forced to make an emergency landing on Earth. The crew of the alien ship repaired the ship and left our planet. They left blocks to us that were out of order, subsequently discovered by the expedition.
Tunguska meteorite - study of the place of impact.
For all the years spent on unraveling the mystery of the Tunguska meteorite, a total of 12 conical holes were found. Since it never occurred to anyone to measure the depth of these holes, no one knows how deep they go. Only recently have researchers begun to think about the origin of the conical holes. Questions have also begun to surface about why the trees are felled in such a strange way, because in all likelihood they should lie in parallel rows. The conclusion is as follows: the explosion itself was unknown to science. Geophysicists have come to the conclusion that some questions will be answered by a detailed study of conical holes in the earth.
Unusual artifacts.
Krasnoyarsk researchers in 2009 found quartz cobblestones with mysterious writings at the site of a meteorite fall. Scientists suggest that these letters were applied to the surface of quartz in a man-made way, possibly with the help of plasma exposure. After studies of quartz, it became known that it contains impurities of cosmic substances that cannot be obtained on earth. These cobblestones are essentially artifacts: each layer of the plates is marked with signs of an alphabet unknown to anyone.
The theory of Gennady Bybin.
The physicist, Gennady Bybin, put forward the last hypothesis. He believes the body that landed on Earth is not a meteorite, but an icy comet. The scientist came to this conclusion after a detailed study of the diary of Leonid Kulik. He wrote that a certain substance in the form of ice, covered with peat, was found at the site. However, this finding was not given any significance. Since this compressed ice was found 20 years after the disaster, this fact cannot be considered a sign of permafrost. This is irrefutable proof that the icy comet theory is unmistakably correct.
Results of the study of the landing site of the Tunguska meteorite.
Soon, scientists agreed that this was nothing more than a meteorite that exploded above the surface of our planet. And all thanks to the expedition led by Leonid Kulik. It was she who discovered traces of the meteorite. However, at the site of the explosion, the researchers did not find the usual meteorite crater. An unusual picture appeared to the eye: around the place of the fall, the forest was tumbled down from the center like a fan, and some of the trees in the center remained standing, but without branches.
The following expeditions noticed the characteristic shape of the forest felled as a result of the explosion. The area of the forest was 2200 square kilometers. After calculations and modeling of the shape of this area, as well as studying all the circumstances of the meteorite fall, it was shown that the cosmic body exploded not from a collision with the Earth's surface, but in the air, approximately at an altitude of 5 - 10 kilometers above the Earth.
All these assumptions are just theories. The mystery of the Tunguska meteorite remains unsolved. Scientists and researchers are striving to comprehend the mystery of what exactly happened in the Siberian taiga on June 30, 1908.
On June 30, 1908, at about 7 am local time, a unique natural event occurred over the territory of Eastern Siberia in the basin of the Podkamennaya Tunguska River (Evenki district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory).
For several seconds, a dazzling bright bolide was observed in the sky, moving from the southeast to the northwest. The flight of this unusual celestial body was accompanied by a sound reminiscent of thunder. On the way of the fireball, which was visible on the territory of Eastern Siberia within a radius of up to 800 kilometers, a powerful dust trail remained, which persisted for several hours.
After the light phenomena over the deserted taiga, a super-powerful explosion was heard at an altitude of 7-10 kilometers. The energy of the explosion ranged from 10 to 40 megatons of TNT, which is comparable to the energy of two thousand nuclear bombs detonated simultaneously, like the one dropped on Hiroshima in 1945.
The catastrophe was witnessed by the inhabitants of the small trading post of Vanavara (now the village of Vanavara) and those few Evenk nomads who were hunting not far from the epicenter of the explosion.
In a matter of seconds, a forest was tumbled down by a blast wave within a radius of about 40 kilometers, animals were destroyed, and people were injured. At the same time, under the influence of light radiation, the taiga flared up for tens of kilometers around. A continuous fall of trees occurred on an area of more than 2,000 square kilometers.
In many villages, shaking of the soil and buildings was felt, window panes were shattered, household utensils were falling from the shelves. Many people, as well as pets, were knocked down by the air wave.
The explosive air wave that circled the globe was recorded by many meteorological observatories around the world.
On the first day after the disaster, almost in the entire northern hemisphere - from Bordeaux to Tashkent, from the Atlantic coast to Krasnoyarsk - twilight, unusual in brightness and color, night sky glow, bright noctilucent clouds, daytime optical effects - halos and crowns around the sun. The radiance of the sky was so strong that many residents could not sleep. Clouds formed at an altitude of about 80 kilometers intensely reflected the sun's rays, thereby creating the effect of bright nights even where they had not been observed before. In a number of cities one could freely read a newspaper printed in small print at night, and in Greenwich at midnight a photograph of the seaport was obtained. This phenomenon continued for several more nights.
The disaster caused fluctuations in the magnetic field, recorded in Irkutsk and the German city of Kiel. The magnetic storm resembled in its parameters the perturbations of the Earth's magnetic field observed after high-altitude nuclear explosions.
In 1927, Leonid Kulik, the pioneer of the Tunguska catastrophe, suggested that a large iron meteorite had fallen in Central Siberia. In the same year, he surveyed the site of the event. A radial fall of the forest around the epicenter was discovered within a radius of up to 15-30 kilometers. The forest turned out to be tumbled down like a fan from the center, and in the center part of the trees remained standing on the vine, but without branches. The meteorite was never found.
The comet hypothesis was first put forward by the English meteorologist Francis Whipple in 1934, and was later developed in detail by the Soviet astrophysicist, academician Vasily Fesenkov.
In 1928-1930, the Academy of Sciences of the USSR conducted two more expeditions under the leadership of Kulik, and in 1938-1939 an aerial photograph was taken of the central part of the felled forest area.
Since 1958, the study of the epicenter region was resumed, and the Committee on Meteorites of the USSR Academy of Sciences conducted three expeditions led by the Soviet scientist Kirill Florensky. At the same time, studies were started by amateur enthusiasts, united in the so-called complex amateur expedition (CSE).
Scientists are faced with the main mystery of the Tunguska meteorite - a powerful explosion clearly occurred over the taiga, knocking down a forest over a huge area, but what caused it left no traces.
The Tunguska catastrophe is one of the most mysterious phenomena of the 20th century.
There are over a hundred versions. At the same time, after all, perhaps no meteorite fell. In addition to the version of the fall of the meteorite, there were hypotheses that the Tunguska explosion was associated with a giant ball lightning, a black hole that entered the Earth, an explosion of natural gas from a tectonic crack, a collision of the Earth with a mass of antimatter, a laser signal from an alien civilization, or an unsuccessful experiment by physicist Nikola Tesla. One of the most exotic hypotheses is the crash of an alien spacecraft.
According to many scientists, the Tunguska body was still a comet that completely evaporated at high altitude.
In 2013, Ukrainian and American geologists of grains found by Soviet scientists near the site of the fall of the Tunguska meteorite came to the conclusion that they belonged to a meteorite from the class of carbonaceous chondrites, and not to a comet.
Meanwhile, Phil Blend, an associate at the Australian University of Curtin, made two arguments calling into question the links between the samples and the Tunguska explosion. According to the scientist, they contain a suspiciously low concentration of iridium, which is not typical for meteorites, and the peat where the samples were found is not dated to 1908, that is, the stones found could have hit Earth earlier or later than the famous explosion.
On October 9, 1995, in the southeast of Evenkia, near the village of Vanavara, the Tungussky State Nature Reserve was established by decree of the Russian government.
The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources
