Ukrainian alphabet without Russian letters. How many letters are in Ukrainian

As in the Russian and Ukrainian alphabets, there are 33 letters. But this does not mean that they are equivalent to each other. Shades of differences can be seen even in speech, and if you delve into the study of this melodic language, then in the alphabet.

How many vowels are in Ukrainian?

In the modern alphabet, which was finally formed at the end of the 19th century, 10 vowels, as in the Russian alphabet. And they give 6 sounds. Already interested? Consider them:

There are no letters Ё, Ы, Е in the Ukrainian alphabet. Due to the fact that many letters often give a different sound than their graphic designation, their phonetic meaning in various situations should be given.

Ukrainian vowels

Such variability in the sound of vowels gave rise to the colorful melody of Ukrainian speech.

How many consonant letters are in the Ukrainian alphabet?

The collection of consonants, among which there are interesting representatives, contributed a lot to the poetry of the sound. Let's list them first:

• Bb. Usually pronounced as in Russian speech.
• cc. Gives the same combinations of sounds in words as in Russian pronunciation.
• gg. The letter gives a guttural sound, which is pronounced loudly in the posterior lingual cavity of the mouth.
• Ґґ. The sound is similar to the Russian pronunciation "G".
• dd. Similar in phonetic laws to the Russian counterpart.
• Learn. It forms a sound, like a Russian letter, but before I, Yu, I, its pronunciation softens.
• Zz. Traditionally, it does not differ from Russian pronunciation, however, in combination with -ДЗЬ and the like, it gives a softer sound.
• Yi. Before "O" becomes [j]. Otherwise, it expresses itself as a non-syllabic vowel [i].
• Kk. According to phonetic rules, it corresponds to Russian speech.
• Ll. According to phonetic rules, it corresponds to Russian speech.
• Mm. According to phonetic rules, it corresponds to Russian speech.
• Nn. According to phonetic rules, it corresponds to Russian speech.
• Pp. According to phonetic rules, it corresponds to Russian speech.
• RR. According to phonetic rules, it corresponds to Russian speech.
• Ss. According to phonetic rules, it corresponds to Russian speech.
• Tt. Gives the same combinations of sounds in words as in Russian pronunciation.
• ff. Gives the same combinations of sounds in words as in Russian pronunciation. At first, it was unpopular among people; in its place, a combination of the letters ХВ or Х was often used.
• Xx. Gives the same combinations of sounds in words as in Russian pronunciation.
• Tsts. In most cases, it is identical to the Russian pronunciation. Before a soft sign and vowels І, Є, Yu, I becomes soft.
• hh. The sound, unlike Russian, gives a solid one. Anticipating I, Yu, I in a word, it becomes soft.
• Shsh. Repeats the laws of phonetics of Russian speech. Before softening vowels, it gives a sound similar to Russian [w'].
• Shch. In a literary sound, it expresses firmness, before I it becomes softer.

There are 22 consonants in the Ukrainian alphabet. Where is the 33rd letter? Outside the group of vowels and consonants, the letter b stands apart (soft sign).

Interesting facts: Ukrainian alphabet and speech

1. The formation of speech, the alphabet of Ukraine took a very long time. Various schools offered their own versions for Ukrainian literary pronunciation and spelling. The most famous were Yaryzhka (Eryzhka), Kulishovka and Zhelekhovka.
2. Zhelekhovka was common in Austria-Hungary at the end of the 19th century.
3. Kulishovka was forbidden to be printed at the state level until 1904.
4. The ban on the distribution, printing and import from abroad of books in the Little Russian dialect was also in effect until the beginning of the 20th century.
5. The modern order and symbols of the alphabet of Ukraine were approved by normative acts in 1993.
6. Along with letters, sounds in Ukrainian letters are also formed by an apostrophe, which has replaced a solid sign.
7. In the word "Ukrainian" it is correct to put the stress on the third syllable.
8. The basic principle of the Ukrainian language: as I hear, so I write.
9. The center of the sentence in Ukrainian speech is not the subject, as in Russian speech, but the action, i.e. the verb.
10. Often a phrase is constructed impersonally, when it is not necessary to determine the specific performer of the action.

Be that as it may, speakers of Russian and Ukrainian speech may well understand each other, since our languages ​​\u200b\u200bare descended from the same progenitor - the Proto-Slavic language.

Related videos

Ukrainian alphabet- one of the variations of the Cyrillic writing system. Belarusian is the closest genealogical language to Ukrainian. The Ukrainian language is the officially recognized language of Ukraine and unofficially of Transnistria. In philology, this language is called Western Russian, Old Ukrainian or Old Belarusian. Only by the middle of the 20th century did Ukrainian receive official recognition, before that it was considered a Little Russian dialect.

Almost all letters in writing correspond to the Russian alphabet. The Ukrainian alphabet also consists of 33 letters, but some of them are all different. It's funny that at one time the soft sign in the Ukrainian alphabet was not in the usual place, but was at the very end of the alphabet.

Ukrainian language. Peculiarities. Letters of the Ukrainian alphabet.

Ukrainian language alphabet does not contain some of the letters so familiar to us: e, b, s and e. In those words that use the sound corresponding to the letter ё in the Russian alphabet, the Ukrainian alphabet will suggest the combination yo (his / yogo) at the beginning of the word and after the vowel sound, and after the soft consonant - ё. A dividing solid sign is indicated by an apostrophe.

If we learn the letters of the Ukrainian alphabet, then we will certainly come across the letters i, ï, є. But do not be afraid, because all these letters have analogues in Russian. So, i will denote the familiar to us and, ï corresponds to our e or ё. The letter ё in some cases is also denoted by the Ukrainian letter є.

There is an interesting feature in the spelling of some Ukrainian words - at the beginning there is a so-called secondary consonant (v or d). For example, in the words wuho (ear), gorih (nut).

Unusual letter combinations in words that are pronounced the same as in Russian are very interesting. They occur in words like ïjju (I drive).

Both lowercase and uppercase letters in Ukrainian, as well as in Russian, have the same spelling when printed and different when written by hand. It turns out that printed lowercase letters and uppercase letters differ only in size. The rules for the use of lowercase and uppercase letters in the Ukrainian language are the same as in Russian. Uppercase (large, capital) letters are used when writing proper names (names and surnames of people, animal names, geographical names) and names. The names include the names of institutions, monuments, public events, orders, etc. In Ukrainian, a capital letter is placed at the beginning of a sentence, just like in Russian.

In case you are studying Ukrainian alphabet online, be sure to listen to the recordings with the correct pronunciation of the letters. Indeed, in the Ukrainian language there is a guttural fricative h (r) and voiced sound combinations j, dz. These are especially difficult to study. letters for kids. We offer learn the alphabet for kids online this provides a wonderful opportunity to visually memorize the letters of a language not only from paper, but also from a computer screen. In the future, the child will not have to get used to using a computer when reading or writing in Ukrainian.

Learn Ukrainian alphabet online. Ukrainian alphabet for children. Learn the letters of the Ukrainian language.

• A a
• B b
• in in
• G g
• Ґ ґ
• D d
• Her
• Є є
• F
• W h
• And and
• І і
• Ї ї
• th
• K to
• L l
• Mm
• N n
• Oh oh
• P p
• R p
• C with
• T t
• u u
• f f
• x x
• C c
• h h
• W w
• u u
• b b
• yu yu
• I am

The Ukrainian language is fascinating when you hear the melodic speech of a real speaker or poet among the native speakers of this language. But it is impossible to become a master of oratory without mastering the language perfectly. For this, people study its structure - phonetics, morphology, lexicology. But let's take a look at the basics first and find out, for example, how many letters are in the Ukrainian alphabet.

What is the alphabet

People call the alphabet a special system of graphic signs and their phonetic correspondences - sounds. It is not difficult to count how many letters there are in the Ukrainian alphabet - there are 33 of them. In addition to the letters of the alphabet, apostrophes and stress marks are used in the Ukrainian language for writing.

The tabular data tells us about the Ukrainian letters and their English transcription, which you see in brackets. Variants of sounds in the Ukrainian language need to be considered in more detail, but it will be important to clarify that in the system of sounds of the Ukrainian language there are also affricative consonants [dz] and [j], which in writing are transmitted by combinations of two letters j and dz. The letters d, z, p, n, p, s, t, c and the letter combination dz can denote both soft and extremely hard sounds. In the writing system, the softness of consonants in the Ukrainian language is indicated by a soft sign or by the letters u, є, і, i. The apostrophe denotes the pronunciation of vowel combinations [a], [y], [e], [i] with the previous [i] after a solid consonant.

Let's look into the past

To the question how many letters in the Ukrainian alphabet, they were able to answer for the first time in 1805, because it was then that an official publication appeared with the norms and rules of the Ukrainian language - it was the publication of O. Pavlovsky - "Grammar of the Little Russian dialect." However, the book went to press only thirteen years later.

This does not mean that the Ukrainian language did not exist before, just that the population, under the influence of many other nationalities and states, modified their spoken language, adapting and adapting it. How many letters are in the Ukrainian alphabet,Ivan Petrovich Kotlyarevsky knew even earlier, because he was the author of the first book written in the Ukrainian spoken language. It is called "Aeneid" and was published in 1798.

Vowels and consonants

First, it is necessary to establish the following fact: vowels are sounds that arise exclusively with the help of our voice, consonants are sounds that also arise with the help of voice and noise, or only noise. Therefore, if you ask how many vowels are in the Ukrainian alphabet, then this will not be a completely correct question, because only sounds can be vowels and consonants. So, all the vowels can be counted on the fingers of one hand, if only you have six fingers on your hand.

Vowel sounds in Ukrainian are considered such sounds as: a, o, y, e, i, i. Letters such as u, є, i, ї are formed using the sound [th] and consonants, that is, the transcription of these cases can be written as [yu], [ye], [ya], [yi], respectively. So we can say that 6 consonants in Ukrainian correspond to 10 letters.

There are a little more consonants in the Ukrainian language - as many as thirty-two pieces, and they are divided into sonorous, voiced and deaf.

Use this information, because speech is built from small bricks, without the knowledge of which knowledge of speech cannot be built in any way.