Lesson topic: Loneliness is a cursed thing ... "According to the story of K. G. Paustovsky" Telegram ".
The purpose of the lesson:The lesson of morality, humanity will allow teenagers to reconsider their relationship to relatives and friends.
Lesson type: combined
Conduct form: lesson - reflection
Technologies: ICT (presentation).
Methods: conversation, work with text, expressive reading.
Equipment: writer's portrait, multimedia projector, screen.
Lesson topic: Loneliness is a cursed thing...
According to the story of K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram".
No! A person cannot live without relatives, just as one cannot live without a heart. K.G. Paustovsky.
The purpose of the lesson: determination of the ideological content of the work, the author's position, the formulation of a personal attitude to the problem raised by the writer.
Lesson objectives:
- read the story of K.G. Paustovsky; analyze the content of the story, acting characters; be able, based on the text, to understand the topic, to determine the main idea; help students identify the issues raised by the author;
- to identify the role of the author's intention in creating the characters of the heroes, their actions; observe, compare, draw conclusions; develop monologue speech; highlight significant episodes from the text for analysis; read expressively;
- to cultivate a sense of kindness, patience, sensitivity, respect, care, attention towards their parents.
DURING THE CLASSES.
I. Organizational moment.
II. Introduction by the teacher.
- Good afternoon guys! I'm very glad to see you. (Knock on the door, postman: "Telegrams for you"). Who are the telegrams for? You guys! (distribute telegrams to students) (Appendix 1).
- Please read. (reading aloud the text of the telegram: “No! A person cannot live without relatives, just as one cannot live without a heart”) Who is the telegram from?
- Telegram, guys, from Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky. (Slide number 3).
What is the writer's meaning in these words? (Student answers)
Teacher's conclusion: Native people - mother, father, grandmother, grandfather, without whom, indeed, one cannot live. They are always there. They will listen, understand, support, help with a kind word.
III. Homework survey. Purpose: to check the assimilation of the content of the story, the ability to briefly retell the literary text, to determine the theme of the work of art.
- Today at the lesson we will reflect, guys, on the story of K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram". Let's start with the content of the story.
1. Brief retelling of the work.
2. Reflections on the read story.
- I think that the story did not leave you indifferent. Share your thoughts, impressions. (Student answers).
- Try to determine the theme of the work. What a story? (about mother and daughter, their relationship)
Teacher's conclusion: The writer talks about the relationship of close people, mother and daughter. Do children, especially those who have matured, always rush to help their parents who live far away, do they always write letters to them, call them, do they know how to take care of them, are they always kind to them, sympathetic, affectionate?
IV. Story analysis. Making sense. Purpose: to promote the formation of the ability to analyze the text, IVS; evaluate the actions of the characters; formulate your point of view, draw conclusions.
1) The topic of the lesson.
Teacher's word: - Words by K.G. Paustovsky "No! It’s impossible for a person to live without relatives, just as it’s impossible to live without a heart, ”we will take as an epigraph to our lesson. They will help to understand the main idea of the story, to reveal the author's intention. And the topic of the lesson is denoted as follows: “Loneliness is a cursed thing! That's what can kill a man." (Alexander Green). (Slide number 4)
2) "Main character". (Monologue story. Reading episodes).
- Who is the main character of K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram"? (Katerina Petrovna). (Slide number 5).
Tell me what you found out about her. (Katerina Petrovna lived out her life in an old house built by her father, a famous artist, “memorial”, according to the hostess herself. She complained that there was no one to talk to about paintings, about St. Petersburg life. Once she lived in Paris with her father, saw the funeral of Victor Hugo. Katerina Petrovna suffered greatly that her "only native person" daughter Nastya, who lives in Leningrad, did not come to her, did not write letters).
- In parallel, Paustovsky depicts another "live image". What is this? (Nature). Let's turn to landscape sketches. (Reading episodes) (“The tangled grass in the garden fell down ...” “They dragged over the meadows from behind the river, clinging to the willows that had flown around, loose clouds” “Rain was annoyingly pouring out of them.”) (Slide No. 6)
- We see a picture of late autumn. Nature withers, dies, freezes. What means of language does the author use to depict it? (epithets, personifications)
Now let's go back to the heroine's house. Description of Katerina Petrovna's room. Her life is in the distant past. Let's pay attention to the details of the interior: “dusty pre-revolutionary magazine” Vestnik Evropy”, “yellowed cups on the table”, “long-uncleaned samovar”, “paintings faded from time to time”.
- What feelings does the autumn landscape evoke? Home interior? Landscape and interior are similar. How? (Cause feelings of sadness, longing, loneliness, anxiety from neglect, uselessness, oblivion, abandonment)
- Recall the episode of Katerina Petrovna’s short walk: “She suffocated, stopped by an old tree, took hold of a cold, wet branch and found out: it was a maple tree ... it was flying around, chilled, it had nowhere to go from this homeless, windy night ...” (Sadness , longing in the heart of Katerina Petrovna. She remembered her youth and perceived the maple tree as a native creature: he is just as lonely and homeless as she is).
- Compare two images "live" and "animated". Their condition. What is the relationship between them? (The writer, with the help of landscape sketches, shows the state of mind of the main character. They are doomed. The garden “bloomed”, Katerina Petrovna “lived out”)
Teacher's conclusion: Katerina Petrovna lives her life in oblivion and loneliness. Loneliness is doubly worse and worse if the sufferers have relatives who do not show attention and care.
3) Relatives. (Monologic story. Selective reading)
- The dying Katerina Petrovna constantly thinks about her daughter Nastya, who is in distant Leningrad. (Slide number 7)
- What did you learn about Nastya, about her life, work, affairs? (Nastya is the only daughter of Katerina Petrovna. She lives in Leningrad, works as a secretary in the Union of Artists. She has a lot of work: organizing exhibitions, competitions. She shows perseverance, determination, ardent interest, attention to the fate of the artist, helping him organize an exhibition. She is appreciated here , respect, have high hopes for her. Careerist. But she completely forgot about her mother "there were no letters from Nastya either, but every two or three months ... the postman Vasily brought Katerina Petrovna a transfer of two hundred rubles").
- How does Nastya characterize her attitude towards her mother? (We run into a wall of heartlessness, indifference, callousness, selfishness)
- Is Nastya soulless to everyone, to everything? (Not at all. She sympathizes with the sculptor Timofeev, spends a lot of time organizing his exhibition. “Caring for a person becomes that wonderful reality that helps us grow and work”, “we are entirely obliged by this exhibition to one of the ordinary employees of the Union, our dear Anastasia Semyonovna” - these words are addressed to Nastya). (Slide number 8)
- Do you remember what the artists called Nastya? (Solveig - solar path or ray). Why? (For her care, exactingness, for the ability to bring the matter to the end)
- How could it happen that Nastya, who cares about others, shows inattention to her own mother? (It’s one thing to get carried away with work, to do it with all your heart, to give it all your strength, physical and mental, and it’s another thing to remember your loved ones, your mother, the most holy creature in the world, not limited only to money transfers. Tests for true humanity Nastya can't stand it.)
- Does Katerina Petrovna condemn her daughter? (Katerina Petrovna knew that Nastya was not up to her, the old women, “they, the young, have their own affairs, their own incomprehensible interests, their own happiness.” “It’s better not to interfere,” she thought .. She did not condemn her daughter).
Teacher's conclusion: Be that as it may, Nastya failed to achieve harmony between caring for the "distant" and love for the closest person. This is the tragedy of her position, this is the reason for the feeling of irreparable guilt, unbearable heaviness.
4) Other people's relatives.
- Nastya's guilt in front of her mother looks especially clear in comparison with the behavior of people who are strangers to her mother, showing sincere concern for her - Manyushka and Tikhon.
Who is next to her? Who are these people?
(Manyushka, the daughter of a collective-farm shoemaker, comes running every day to bring water from the well, wash the floors, put on the samovar. For six days she did not leave Katerina Petrovna, without undressing, she slept on the old sofa). (Slide number 9).
(Tikhon is a watchman at the fire shed. He often busied himself with the housework, out of pity, but still helped with the housework: he chopped dead trees for firewood in the garden. Tikhon could not bear to look at the “hunched, small” woman. On behalf of Nastya, he, whispering with postman Vasily, took a telegraph form and wrote a telegram and brought it to Katerina Petrovna). (Slide number 10)
- What feelings did they show for Katerina Petrovna? (care, respect, affection)
- Remember how Tikhon raised Manyushka, what did he tell her? (“Repay good for good, don’t be a kestrel,” Tikhon says to Manyushka.
How did you understand the meaning of this phrase? (KESTEL - 1. A bird of prey of the falcon family. 2. A frivolous, empty person (colloquial Disapproval) (Nastya turned out to be such a kestrel).
Teacher's conclusion: These are fellow villagers of Katerina Petrovna. Simple people. They helped her, showing sympathy, care. People with a good heart. But they could not always be with Katerina Petrovna. They have their own business, family concerns. In their absence, Katerina Petrovna was alone.
4) Letter. (Slide number 11).
- Katerina Petrovna writes a letter to Nastya. (“My beloved,” wrote Katerina Petrovna. “I won’t survive this winter. Come at least for a day. Let me look at you, hold your hands. I have become old and weak to the point that it’s hard for me not only to walk, but even to sit and lie down, death has forgotten the way to me. The garden is drying up, it’s not the same at all, and I don’t even see it. Today the autumn is bad. It’s so hard; all life, it seems, has not been as long as this one autumn")
- Nastya received a letter from her mother. How did she react to him? (“I hid it in my purse without reading it, since my mother writes, it means she is alive”).
- What words should have alerted Nastya? (I have become old and weak to the point that it’s hard for me not only to walk, but even to sit and lie down, death has forgotten the way to me)
- Why? (Mother is lonely, sick, helpless, she needs care. She wants to die, she is tired of being alone).
The teacher's conclusion: Nastya did not answer the letter, the mother's request. She did not show sympathy, respect, cordiality, love for her mother, while at the same time caring for the well-being of strangers to her.
5) Conscience.
- Who awakens her consciousness? (Gogol (sculpture): “mockingly, knowing her through and through, looked at her”, “And the letter was unopened in her purse,” Gogol’s piercing eyes seemed to say. “Oh, you, forty!”) (Slide No. 12).
Teacher's conclusion: Gogol appeals to conscience. The great satirist N.V. Gogol, and the author of the story K.G. Paustovsky showed that Nastya is deprived of true sincerity, humanity. She thinks only of herself, of her career.
6) Telegram.
- Nastya receives a telegram: “Katya is dying. Tikhon. (Slide number 13).
- Did Nastya manage to attend her mother's funeral? What happened? (Slide No. 14 + Sound-song “A sad song about mom.” Listen to 1, 2 verses or 2 verses). (Other options are possible)
Teacher's conclusion. Nastya lost her dearest, closest person - her mother. Katerina Petrovna dies without waiting for her daughter. Dies of loneliness and longing. The daughter misses her mother's funeral. Nastya left the Fence stealthily so that no one would see her and would not ask about anything. (Slide number 15).
What was Nastya afraid of? (human court)
- Who could forgive Nastya? (Only her mother could forgive her: “... no one but Katerina Petrovna could remove from her irreparable guilt, unbearable burden”).
- Why does the writer introduce the image of a young teacher? (There are people on earth with a kind, sensitive heart who will never pass by someone else's grief. “There, in the regional city, she left her mother - just the same little one, always agitated by worries about her daughter and the same completely gray-haired”).
Teacher's conclusion: Reread the episode "Funeral". How is nature changing? (It is frosty, but fresh and clear. Katerina Petrovna's suffering is over. She has calmed down forever.)
IV. Summary of the lesson.
(students draw one inanimate object in each square)
Purpose: to bring students to the definition of the ideological content of the work
- A sad story ... Guys, we determined the theme of the work at the beginning of the lesson. (a story about the relationship between parents and children, mother and daughter). Let's go back to the epigraph: "No! A person cannot live without relatives ... ". How did the words of K.G. Paustovsky to understand the ideological content of the story? (A person cannot live without relatives. Elderly parents require special attention. They often get sick. They need care, attention, help, love. And if there are no relatives nearby, they are helpless and lonely. “Loneliness is a cursed thing! human.” (Alexander Grin).
What is the author asking the reader to do? (Remember your parents - this is your sacred duty to those who gave you life. Now, when you are near your parents, surround them with care, warmth, attention. Help them cope with household chores. Study well, making them happy with your successes. Love your relatives, call them more often, visit them, do not skimp on affectionate words, tell them more about yourself, they are interested in knowing about every step of your life). (Slide number 16).
V. News to relatives. (Song "Mom - the first word")
- I suggest you send telegrams to your parents. Write them kind, warm words of love. Give them joy. I will deliver your telegrams to the addressee. (everyone writes telegrams, collect).
VI. Reflection. Slide 17
"Plus - minus - interesting"
PLUS
(write down everything that you liked in the lesson that caused positive emotions)
MINUS
(write down everything that you didn’t like in the lesson, caused dislike, seemed boring)
INTERESTING
(write down interesting facts that you learned in the lesson, what else you would like to know on this topic, questions to the teacher)
VII. Homework. Slide 18
1) Write an essay on the topic “What is Nastya left with?”
All the best! Thank you for the lesson!
Reading and speech development lesson
(adapted program, VIII form)
teacher Aksyonova T.G.
The lesson was compiled according to the adapted program of V.V. Voronkova to the textbook of the author-compiler Z.F. Malysheva "Reading", grade 8.
In the course of working on a work, students learn the ability to compose the characteristics of the characters, illustrate the character traits of the characters with examples from the text, justify their attitude to the characters, develop the skills of fluent expressive reading in compliance with Russian orthoepy. The lesson helps to form the moral qualities of students.
Subject: G.K. Paustovsky "Telegram".
Drawing up a characterization of the characters with the help of a teacher, illustrating the character traits of the characters with examples from the text, justifying one's attitude to the characters.
Target:
development of fluent expressive reading skills in whole words; introduce students to the content of the story.
Tasks:
to learn to compose the characteristics of heroes based on text analysis with the help of a teacher;
correct verbal and logical thinking, visual perception, coherent oral speech in the process of working on the topic of the lesson;
education of mercy, responsiveness, love for loved ones on the example of fiction through an analysis of the behavior and actions of the main characters.
Equipment: textbook, photocopies of excerpts from the story of G. Paustovsky
"Telegram".
On the board there is an inscription “Honor your father and your mother, may it be good, and may you be long on earth.”
Commandment five.
Lesson summary.
Organizational moment.
Main part.
Lesson topic message: today we will continue to work on the story of G.K. Paustovsky "Telegram". In the textbook, the story is given in abbreviation, so for a more complete characterization of the characters, we will use additional passages from the story.
The text is on your desks.
(checking d / z takes place when compiling the characteristics of the heroes)
At. - We continue to work on the story of G.K. Paustovsky "Telegram". We will try to characterize the heroes of this story.
At- Name the heroes of the story "Telegram".
U.- What can you say about Katerina Petrovna?
(weak, sick, old, meek woman, tired of living)
At. - And what is her daughter Nastya like? What is your opinion about her?
(very busy at work, does not visit her mother)
At. Let's try to figure this man out.
Read Katerina Petrovna's letter to Nastya. (full version)
Why does she decide to write a letter to her daughter? What struck you?
(The old woman somehow surprisingly simply writes about the approaching death, does not mention any of her acquaintances, as is usually done in letters, but writes about the garden, about autumn. She writes about her native land, in which she is soon destined to lie down forever. She writes about the most important thing - about his love for his daughter, although he does not directly say a word about it. And only the desire to see her daughter keeps her in this world.)
Fizminutka.
Let's think about it and breathe. We got up. (During the physical minute, breathing exercises are performed according to the Strelnikova method - 3 exercises)
Sit down, let's get to work
At. - How did Nastya react to her mother's letter? (read p. 197, 2 hours) Why didn't you read it right away? (she understood that since her mother wrote a letter, something must have happened. K.P. tried not to disturb her daughter over trifles)
At. - When did she read the letter? (p. 196, read this episode)
U. Why didn't she go to her mother? (was busy organizing the exhibition of the sculptor Trofimov)
U.- Could this exhibition be arranged later? (yes) The exhibition device could wait. It could be carried out in a month, and in six months.
What business couldn't wait? (... trip to mother)
At. - So, Nastya is a callous, selfish person?
But what about her work in the union of artists? What kind of worker is she? (very good, unselfishly helps strangers)
U.- why on the scales work outweighs the care of the mother? How could it happen that Nastya, who cares about others, shows inattention to her own mother? (children's answers)
At. - Caring for a mother requires a lot of patience, and no one sees this, no one publicly appreciates or praises it.
It turns out that it is one thing to get carried away with work, to do it from the heart, to give it all your strength. Another thing is to remember your loved ones. About mother. Not limited to money orders and short notes. Nastya cannot stand such a test of true humanity.
U.- How did you evaluate Nastya's activities in arranging the exhibition in the Union of Artists? (read page 198)
At. - why does the telegram from Tikhon come at the very moment when Pershin talks about caring for a person? (because care should be real, not ostentatious. This moment shows the inconsistency in the character of Nastya, who takes care of strangers, forgetting about her mother.)
At. - What does Nastya look like? Try to find a description of her appearance. (nothing)
At. - absolutely right. In the full text, only one line says about the appearance of the heroine: "she had blond hair and big cold eyes." All! And the eyes are the mirror of the soul. What kind of soul does Nastya have? (cold)
At. - why doesn't she admit that the telegram is about her mother? (ashamed)
So the conscience is not completely dead. (reading p. 199 until "just to forgive")
Is Nastya sincere in her feelings? (Yes). But one phrase “abandoned by everyone” alerted me! Really abandoned by everyone or just Nastya?
At. - with whom did Katerina Petrovna spend this last autumn? (with Tikhon and Manyushka, a neighbor's girl).
And what were these people? Briefly describe them. We are looking for additional materials (Manyushka - p.197, Tikhon - p.195)
U. Summarizing children's answers. These people, the old man and the girl, did not talk about caring for a person, they simply helped and pitied Katerina Petrovna. And no one thanked them for this, no one applauded them. They remained with Katerina Petrovna until the very last day. (read by time)
How was Katerina Petrovna seen off on her last journey? (teacher reads)
Why did Nastya leave the Fence stealthily? Why did you feel "unbearable heaviness"?
I would like to hope that Nastya will change. After all, she has her whole life ahead of her.
Reading the text of the commandment on the board. How do you understand it?
Nastya violated this commandment: she left her mother without spiritual, moral help in a difficult time for her, did not take care of her in her old age.
Metropolitan Alexy Surozhsky said: “As long as we need parents, we remain close to them. Having taken from them everything that can be taken, we turn our backs on them, relieve ourselves of all obligations in relation to our loved ones.
We exclude ourselves from the mystery of love, because we cannot receive anything else, we are not able to give ourselves.
This is the sin: to exclude love, to demand from the lover and giver that he should leave our life and accept that he has been forgotten.”
Remember your parents, don't leave them alone!
III. Summing up the lesson
Homework
Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Secondary school No. 1"
city of Borodino, Krasnoyarsk Territory
Model Lesson - Reflection in Grade 8
"A Test of True Humanity"
(according to the story of K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram")
teacher of Russian language and literature
Subject: "Test for true humanity" (according to the story of K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram")
Form: model lesson - reflection
Method: problematic with the use of ICT and the use of technology for the development of critical thinking
The purpose of the lesson: teaching, develop communicative, social and informational competencies; create conditions for the manifestation of cognitive activity of students.
Trinity tasks:
educational: formation of skills for analyzing a story based on spiritual issues, the language of the work; observation of the techniques of artistic mastery of K. G. Paustovsky;
developing: development of speech, thinking, creative abilities of students through the use of RCM technology techniques;
educational: education of moral qualities (sensitivity, compassion, mercy).
Equipment:
multimedia presentation;
excerpt "Letter to Mother" from the feature film;
musical accompaniment in mp3 format;
student workbooks;
A4 sheets with mini-studies on the subject matter of the work (Fishbone diagram).
preliminary homework:
Make a diagram (reception "Lotus Flower") in the image of Katerina Petrovna, using quotation
Task for groups: fill in the Fishbone diagram, examining the problematics of the work (one from each row)
During the classes
SLIDE 1
1. Introductory speech of the teacher
- Today we have an unusual lesson: a lesson-reflection and at the same time a lesson-discovery. reflection because we are going to talk about a writer, reading whose works requires a lot of work of thought and heart.
A opening because the story on which we will work today is a moral commandment, or rather, the commandments left to us, the descendants of Paustovsky.
2. Communication of lesson objectives
The writer has always been interested in the lives of wonderful people. I hope you will read with pleasure in the future novels, stories and essays about Lermontov and Gogol, Chekhov and Blok, Grin and Gorky. But still, more often Paustovsky wrote about simple and obscure people, about whom we read with excitement and awe in our souls, although there is no sharp plot, exciting incidents in the works. What's the matter?
Maybe in an extraordinary love for people, in the desire to understand the truth of human feelings?
We will try to answer this and other questions by reflecting on the story of K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram".
We read the story in the last lesson. We talked about the problems raised by the author in the work. Name these problems (lonely old age, maternal love, relationships between children and parents, humanity).
- Look at the topic of the lesson. Based on it, try to say the purpose of today's lesson yourself. (should determine whether the heroes passed the test of true humanity).
Problematic conversation on the story with elements of analysis
Let's turn to the story.
— Why do you guys think people send telegrams? (When they want to say something very important)
- What feeling does this word “telegram” give rise to? (Alarm)
- Which of the characters in the story needs help, support? (Katerina Petrovna)
- Why? (Because she's old and lonely)
- Let's try to prove that Katerina Petrovna is really ill. For Paustovsky, nature is a living being connected by an invisible thread with a person. Now you will hear the music of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky from his "The Seasons" ("October").
SLIDE 2 (music with slide)
- Look at the landscape sketch from the story "Telegram".
- Refer to the text and remember what details the author highlights in the description of the landscape in order to emphasize the loneliness of a woman living out her life.
(1.“The forgotten stars looked piercingly at the earth” - a parallel: Katerina Petrovna, as it were, was also forgotten, and the stars understand this and therefore look piercingly.
2. " It bloomed and could not bloom and crumble in any way, only a small sunflower near the fence "-" She lived out her life in an old house.
3. frozen maple– « He has nowhere to go from this homeless, windy night ”- K.P. no one is waiting either, she also has nowhere to go, she just lives out. Maple is her memory, seeing him, she remembers herself.)
“So, how is Katerina Petrovna doing?” What is her state of mind? Tell us briefly about her life, based on the tablet you filled out at home.
SLIDE 3
The "Lotus Flower" technique of developing critical thinking allowed students to engage in mental activity and creatively process information. The guys did not just give a description of the heroine, they made up a model of the image based on the selected and analyzed information (this work was done by the guys at home). Generalized knowledge, skills, habits and ways of thinking were taught.
One of the options for filling the table:
Her father was a famous artist. Once she lived in Paris with her father, she saw the funeral of Victor Hugo, a French writer. | She has no relatives, except for her daughter Nastya, who works in Leningrad. | |
Kind, suffers from loneliness, but does not reproach her daughter, loves her. | Katerina Petrovna | She constantly sits silently on the couch, hunched over, small, sorting through some papers in her reticule, sometimes crying softly. |
For her, the nights are long, hard, she has insomnia | Doesn't know how to survive until the morning. | She writes a letter to her daughter. |
SLIDE 4
- How does Katerina Petrovna treat her daughter? ( He loves his daughter very much. Despite everything, Nastya's inattention, her mother justifies her: “... Nastya is not up to her, old woman. They, the young, have their own affairs, their own incomprehensible interests, their own happiness. Better not get in the way." But Katerina Petrovna misses her daughter and really wants to see her..)
— Let's watch an excerpt from the film, listen to Katerina Petrovna's letter to her daughter. But I would also like to ask you this: when you experience the greatest excitement, pity for Katerina Petrovna, or some other feelings, raise your open palm, like this. Fine?
— (After watching) Using this Open Hand technique, I wanted to find out who we are: just a teacher and students who have to discuss a particular topic, or are we people who look at very important things in the same way, and we are not participants, but accomplices are not very simple conversation. Thank you for your indifference. I think we can continue further.
- So why did Katerina Petrovna, who rarely wrote to Nastya, suddenly write a letter to her daughter at night? ( realized that she had very little time left to live, and wanted to say goodbye to her daughter)
What is the most important word in a letter? ( Beloved.)
How do you understand the meaning of this word?
- How did Nastya react to the letter received from her mother? ( hid in a purse without reading)
SLIDE 5
— How does the author describe it? Find confirmation in the text. ( There are no direct author's assessments in the text, but Paustovsky's attitude is unambiguous. He emphasizes Nastya's narcissism. “On one of the sites, Nastya took out a mirror, powdered
and chuckled, “now she liked herself.” The artists called her Solveig for her blond hair and big cold eyes.
- Paustovsky wrote out the character of Nastya with one epithet. What detail of her portrait did you immediately pay attention to? ( cold eyes)
- That is, what are they? ( indifferent, empty,indifferent, always calm, unemotional)
— L.N. Tolstoy said that "the eyes are the mirror of the human soul." It's scary when you meet a person with cold eyes. He obviously has the same cold, cruel heart, doesn't he?
Research of a problematic topic
(Fishbone strategy)
SLIDE 6
- And now let's start studying the problem of humanity in the story "Telegram". Let's see if the heroes passed the test of true humanity?
“But first, I’ll ask you to pick up words that are close in meaning to the word “humanity.” On each row there are 4 cards with concepts, select those words that will help answer the question: “What is humanity manifested in?”
— Attach your chosen cards to the board with magnets.
Words on the cards:
Humanity is (mercy, kindness, care, participation, compassion, attention, pity, sympathy, hatred, betrayal, malice, humanity).
What cards are left unused?
— As a homework task, you were asked to work in groups on solving the question of how the problem of humanity touched the characters of the story and whether they passed this difficult life test.
SLIDE 7
- Each group was given such a fish diagram, based on which you had to extract the necessary information from a literary work and translate it from text into a diagram, eventually answering the question of whether the hero passed this difficult life test.
- On the upper "bones" the causes of the events are recorded, on the lower ones - the facts confirming the existence of the reasons. Entries should be concise, with key words and phrases that reflect the essence. In the "tail" it was necessary to place a conclusion on the problem being solved.
- The guys of the first row will be the first to present their work. One person represents the work of the group, the rest complement. The guys from other groups ask them questions.
SLIDE 8
— Attention! A problematic question: did Nastya pass the test of humanity, mercy?
(a representative from a group of guys from the first row comes out, after the performance, a sheet with a diagram is attached with a magnet on the board)
Additional questions:
- Why did Nastya, kind and attentive to other people, turn out to be so callous towards her mother? ( She incorrectly defined life priorities, put in the first place not the most important thing.)
- Can Nastya be called a selfish person (indifferent, indifferent, indifferent)?
— Can "humanity" be fake? ( Yes, Nastya is exactly like that. She is engaged in the affairs of a good, but a stranger, not finding time for the last meeting with her mother.)
SLIDE 9
Did Tikhon and Manyushka pass this life test?
(speech by the guys of the second row)
Additional questions:
- Why did Tikhon decide to deceive? (To support Katerina Petrovna, console, soften the bitterness of loneliness)
- These are ordinary people whom Paustovsky loved. They are invisible, not used to speaking beautifully, but they will not pass by someone else's grief.
What telegram is mentioned in the title of the story and why? (About Tikhon's second telegram, he wanted to encourage Katerina Petrovna, give her hope and prolong her life. First, he wanted to get through to Nastya, but, alas, to no avail. Both telegrams were important, but the second one is filled with mercy, which, according to the author, is so necessary for all people)
SLIDE 10
Young teacher
(speech by the children of the third row)
Additional questions:
- And why is the image of a young teacher introduced into the story? (This image is opposed to the image of Nastya. She immediately remembered her mother, who remained in the city. Her heart is good, because she did not know Katerina Petrovna, but went after the coffin, then, during the funeral, kissed the “withered yellow hand” of the deceased.)
- Why did she do it?(She apparently understood all the horror of this woman's loneliness, felt some kind of guilt before her, realizing that all young people, living their interesting lives, are to blame for their mothers, paying them little attention. Probably, the young teacher understands this better than Nastya and, perhaps, she will educate her students as kind, sympathetic people.)
Let's summarize our research. Which of the heroes passed the test of true humanity? (People who were strangers to K.P. did not pass by the bitter loneliness of the old woman abandoned by her daughter. But Nastya did not pass this test, so she came out of it with a feelingirreparable guilt, unbearable burden.)
Commandments of Paustovsky
- I think, guys, there is a deep subtext hidden in the name "Telegram". In fact, the whole story is a telegram addressed to you and me. K. Paustovsky left us priceless moral commandments.
SLIDE 11
Final word of the teacher
SLIDE 12
- Remember, guys, I once read the words of Bernard Shaw to you: “We learned to swim like fish, fly like birds, we just have to learn how to live like a human being.” Be Human! Do not forget about the closest and dearest people. Do not extinguish the light of your soul.
The study conducted in the lesson went through all the important, significant stages:
motivation (a problematic issue is whether the heroes passed the test of humanity),
research (in small groups),
information exchange,
organization of information (diagrams),
linking information
summarizing.
Logical techniques were used: problem statement, comparisons, generalizations, identification of signs.
At the stage of organizing information, the Fishbone strategy was used, which made it possible to realize the "research within the study". "Fishbone" is a mini-research work with the text of a work of art, which makes it possible to form the ability to use elements of a cause-and-effect analysis; extract the necessary information from a literary work and translate it from one sign system to another (from text to diagram); coordinate and coordinate personal activities with the activities of other children when working together.
Meta-subject approach, which is the basis of this technology, allowed the content of the work to be presented not as information for memorization, but as knowledge for meaningful use. The diagram-diagram with which the guys analyzed the problem is universal, since meaningful work with information is important in life.
Group work allowed the children to jointly conduct mini-research, cross-exchange of questions and opinions.
Music and videos brought emotionality into the lesson, were designed to arouse interest in the lesson and contributed to the development of creative imagination.
Bibliography,
used in preparation for the lesson
1 KG. Paustovsky. Telegram// Litru.Ru Free electronic library.
2. K.G. Paustovsky. Notches on the heart. Chapter from the book “Golden Rose// Litru.Ru Free Electronic Library.
3. Literature: reference materials: A book for students. - M .: Education, 1989.
4. Wikipedia: Article "Artistic detail".
5. T.T. Levashova. Until it's too late // Literature at school. - 1996, No. 6.
6. N.I. Gusakov. For good, pay good / / Literature at school. - 1996, No. 6.
Literature lesson in grade 8 on the topic"DO NOT MISS TIME..."according to the story of K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram"
Teacher of Russian language and literature
Barmina Galina Vadimovna
The purpose of the lesson: determining the ideological content of the work, formulating a personal attitude to the problem raised by the author, finding artistic features that help to understand the main idea of the story;
Lesson objectives:
to form ideas about morality: kindness, sensitivity, responsiveness, mercy, a sense of duty, compassion
Help to realize the spiritual and moral values by which the characters live;
Form: lesson is reflection.
Method: problematic (conversation).
Equipment:
portrait of a writer
inserting drawings to works
presentation.
Epigraphs on the board:
“There is the most beautiful creature in the world, to whom we are always indebted, this is the mother.” M. Bitter
Do not hide behind concern for humanity when your kind word and look are waiting for the closest people and, above all, MOTHER.
The selfless and selfless love of a mother - what is there in the world higher and nobler than this feeling? It obliges us, children of men, to live according to the strictest and highest code of conscience. We are all indebted to our mothers. Chingiz Aitmatov.
problem question: Is love for a mother a duty or a dictate of the heart?
Lesson plan
1. Introductory speech of the teacher.
2. Primary fixation of the material. Analysis of the read work.
3. Working with terms.
4. Reading with stops. (Story analysis).
5. The song of Lyudmila Mikheeva “Call children to mothers” sounds
6. Reflection.
7. Creative homework.
During the classes:
1. Introductory speech of the teacher:
Our lesson is devoted to the story of Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky "Telegram"
When you hear the name Paustovsky, his amazing stories about animals, nature pop up in your memory, the amazing land of Meshcher appears before your eyes. Creating his amazing works, Paustovsky noted that “The middle zone of Russia completely took possession of me. Since then, I have not known anything closer to me than our simple Russian people and our land.” It is here that the story "Telegram" was written.
The writer has always been interested in the lives of wonderful people. And most often it is about them, ordinary people, stories and stories of Paustovsky are written. There are no action-packed scenes, incredible stories. There is a leisurely story about the most important things for a person: kindness, sensitivity and a deep connection between man and nature.
The lesson is reflection because reading the works of Paustovsky requires a lot of work of thought and heart. The story that we will work on today is a moral commandment, or rather, commandments left to us, descendants
story idea. The idea of the story "Telegram" was prompted by life itself. K.G. he recalled that in late autumn he settled in a village near Ryazan, in the estate of the once famous engraver Pozhalostin. There, a decrepit, affectionate old woman lived out her life alone - Pozhalostin's daughter, Katerina Ivanovna.
The only daughter, Nastya, lived in Leningrad and completely forgot about her mother - she
only once every two months she sent money to Katerina Ivanovna.
This is how a life episode, everyday material became a deep story in its human lessons.
The writer himself was very often forced to be away from his mother (difficult years,
wars). Mother K.G. died of pneumonia at the same time that he himself fell ill
typhus. When Paustovsky arrived at the grave, he found out that in a week
after the death of his mother, his sister Galya also died.
“Sitting at the grave, next to the railway track,” writes K. Paustovsky in the biographical Tale of Life, “I felt the earth tremble when heavy trains rushed past. It must be that there, in the grave, my mother worried about me, as she worried in life. She often looked into my eyes and asked:
Are you hiding anything from me, Kostya? Look, don't hide. You know that I am ready to go to the ends of the earth to help you.
All-consuming maternal love - there is nothing holier and more disinterested than mother's love.
- But for some reason, stories about ordinary people are read with awe and excitement?
- What's the matter? Maybe in an extraordinary love for people?
Maybe in the ability to stop and carefully look into the eyes of the people who surround you every day?
We will try to answer these and other questions in today's lesson.
Let's turn to the story.
- What impression did the story make on you? Why do we get excited when we read it?
- What is its attractive power?
Remember the stories that we have already talked about in literature lessons. (S. Voronina "Refugee", "French Lessons", watched the film "Grandmother".) What unites them?
(the loneliness of the heroines, the feeling of being useless to close people, spiritual callousness).
- What is the problem raised by the writer?(moral problem)
How do you understand the word morality? What are the concepts of "morality"?(kindness, sensitivity, mercy, compassion, conscience, responsiveness, honesty, justice)
2. Primary fixation of the material. Analysis of the read work
It was necessary to find descriptions of nature, with the help of which the author conveys the state of mind of Katerina Petrovna?
The teacher reads the beginning of the story.
October was unusually cold and rainy. Tiled roofs blackened.
The tangled grass in the garden fell down, and everything bloomed, and only a small sunflower near the fence could not bloom and crumble in any way.
Over the meadows trudged from behind the river, loose clouds clung to the willows that had flown around. It rained heavily from them.
It was no longer possible to walk or drive along the roads, and the shepherds stopped driving the herd into the meadows.
The shepherd's horn subsided until spring.
Let's try to prove that Katerina Petrovna is really ill. At Paustovsky nature- This Living being connected by an invisible thread with a person.
- How does the bleak picture of nature correspond to the inner state of Katerina Petrovna?(the author shows the relationship between the life of the heroine (she is living her last days) and the state of the withering of nature.
(The withering of nature, even its necrosis; this bleak picture fully corresponds to the internal state of Katerina Petrovna)
Why is Paustovsky's story called "Telegram"?
- What is a telegram?
- Why does the word “telegram” cause excitement, the expectation of something inevitable?(A telegram usually carries something important: joy or misfortune)
- And how many telegrams were sent in the story?(two)
- Where, to whom and by whom were they sent? ( The contents of both telegrams are on the board on the side closing sides.)
What is the main purpose of the telegram?
Students read the contents of both telegrams
1 - daughter Nastya in Leningrad: “Katya is dying. Tikhon.
2 - mother Katerina Petrovna in Zaborye: “Wait, she left. I remain always your loving daughter Nastya "
Why didn't Katerina Petrovna believe the telegram she read?
- Who sent the telegrams? Why?
One of the objectives of our lesson: to prove that Katerina Petrovna is really bad. For Paustovsky, nature is a living being connected by an invisible thread with a person.
- What is this story about?? (The main theme is the relationship between parents and children. Tikhon's question about Nastya is the beginning. The story also talks about mercy, about a person's responsibility for his actions.)
We met with Paustovsky, a master of landscape prose.
- Can this story be defined as a story about nature?(No... This is a story about complex human relationships.) But there are landscape sketches in it, although their role is different than just background or sublimely lyrical. One of the tasks of today's lesson is to determine the function of the landscape and its features in this story.
Please listen to the memoirs of K.G. Paustovsky from the story "Golden Rose".
“It's already evening. The garden was covered. Fallen leaves made it difficult to walk. They crackled loudly and moved underfoot. A star lit up in the green dawn. Far above the forest hung the sickle of the moon.
Katerina Ivanovna stopped near a weather-beaten linden tree, leaned her hand on it and began to cry.
I held her tightly to keep her from falling. She wept like very old people, not ashamed of her tears.
God forbid you, my dear, she said to me, live to such a lonely old age! God forbid!
I carefully led her home and thought: how happy I would be if I had such a mother!
3. Work with terms.
What figurative and expressive means indicate the author's deep compassion for a woman who lives alone?
(Metaphor- "forgotten stars piercingly looked at the earth." "Forgotten" - the author uses this word to emphasize the loneliness of K.P.; after all, she, as it were, has been forgotten, and the stars understand this and therefore look piercingly.
4. Reading with stops.
Working with Landscape Scenes
- What thoughts does the author convey through this landscape?(The landscape sketch is permeated by the thought of the withering, even dying of nature: October- extremely cold willows- "circled" grass- "fell down." Time itself seems to have slowed down - clouds"dragged", "clung", "even poured importunately".
- How the writer's sentences are constructed? (Phrases are short, they exude coldness and hopelessness. Only the sentence stands out about sunflower, which "everything bloomed and could not bloom")
Pay attention to how subtly Paustovsky draws a parallel between what happens in nature and the human condition.
- Why exactly “sunflower”, and not “sunflower”, as they say in the village?
(The reader gets the feeling of a warm little sun against a gray, black sky) (show presentation slide No. 3).
- Lonely sunflower, chilled maple, forgotten stars- these are the signs of this cold autumn.
What expressive means does Paustovsky use when describing nature?
(epithets, personifications, metaphors, artistic detail)
- Is there any sympathy for the author Katerina Petrovna in this episode? Why?
(Not in a single line. It is hidden in the nature of the narrator. When the life of nature froze, Katerina Petrovna “became even more difficult to get up in the morning” - which means it was already difficult without that.)
- What does autumn bring to Katerina Petrovna?(Terrible loneliness, emptiness around the old woman.)
Work with text. Find interior details in the text. Explain how you felt while reading the examples?
(“The bitter smell” of unheated stoves, the dusty “Bulletin of Europe”, yellowed cups on the table, a samovar that had not been cleaned for a long time.)
(Avatars- fell down, dragged; epithets - loose; metaphor - importunately poured)
Nature has died, and life in the old house has froze. What interior details testify to this? (The smell of unheated stoves, the dusty Vestnik Evropy, yellowed cups on the table).
Find in the text a description of a kerosene night light. Is it by chance that the author mentions it? (no, he points to the deep loneliness of Katerina Petrovna)
I think you are convinced that the detail for Paustovsky is not only household items, but also with their help the mood, the psychological state of the heroine is transmitted.
Work with text.
- What is the condition of Katerina Petrovna? What does she keep hoping for?
(She lived out her last days - and waited, weakly hoping that her daughter would come. It is the hope of meeting her that keeps her alive)
Somehow, at the end of October, at night, someone knocked for a long time on a gate that had been boarded up for several years in the depths of the garden.
Katerina Petrovna became worried, tied a warm scarf around her head for a long time, put on an old cloak, and left the house for the first time this year. She walked slowly, feeling her way. From cold air gave me a headache. Forgotten stars stared piercingly at the earth. Fallen leaves made it difficult to walk.
Near the gate Katerina Petrovna asked quietly:
- Who is knocking?
But behind the fence no one answered.
"It must have been a fantasy," said Katerina Petrovna, and wandered back.
She suffocated, stopped by an old tree, took hold of cold, a wet branch and found out: it was a maple tree. She planted him a long time ago, still a laughing girl, and now he was flying around, chilled, he had nowhere to go from this homeless, windy night.
The word "cold" is repeated twice: cold air, cold branch.
Conclusion. In the fate of the maple, just like in the life of Katerina Petrovna, one feels deep loneliness: “He has nowhere to go from this homeless, windy night. Metaphor and personification help us understand the mood of the heroine, her feelings, because no one is waiting for her either, she also has nowhere to go, she just lives out (parallel).
It was after this meeting with the maple that she decided to write a letter to her daughter.
The teacher reads a letter from Katerina Petrovna to Nastya)
“My beloved,” wrote Katerina Petrovna. I won't survive this winter. Come for a day. Let me look at you, hold your hands. I have become old and weak to the point that it is hard for me not only to walk, but even to sit and lie down - death has forgotten the way to me. The garden is drying up - not at all the same - but I don’t even see it. This autumn is bad. So hard; all life, it seems, has not been as long as this one autumn.
- What feelings does Katerina Petrovna evoke in you?(students' statements)
- Why did she do it?
- Whose kindness is shown against the background of Nastya's selfishness, lack of spirituality?
Paustovsky sympathizes with his heroine with all his heart, experiences her loneliness with her. Feeling her doom, feeling that she needs the warmth of the heart, the care of a loved one, it is the hope of meeting her daughter that gives her strength.
- How do others relate to Katerina Petrovna? ( Respectfully, taking care of her, provide all possible assistance).
- In what actions does Tikhon show his good attitude towards Katerina Petrovna?At the end of the story, we hear the words of Tikhon spoken to Manyushka. Why does he turn specifically to Manyushka?(This is the parting word of an elderly man to a girl: she is also a daughter. But this is advice intended for Nastya too. “... don’t be a kestrel” means don’t be an empty person, learn to separate the main from the secondary.
Read in the text words addressed to Manyushka.
“I didn’t wait,” Tikhon muttered. “Oh, her bitter grief, her unwritten suffering! And look, you fool," he said angrily to Manyushka, "repay good for good, don't be a kestrel... -
The lesson of morality and kindness is presented to us in the story by ordinary people Tikhon, the daughter of the collective farm shoemaker Manyushka, who does not leave Katerina Petrovna for six days, sleeps on the sofa without undressing, while they do not expect gratitude, and her own daughter at this time also does good for the artist , but the good is not real, ostentatious.
- Nastya turned out to be such a kestrel. Are there no kestrels among us? Look at yourself from the outside, think.
- How did Paustovsky manage to arouse in us a feeling of irritation, hostility towards Nastya?
Look carefully at how the story is structured. The author takes us from one place (from the village where the heroine lives to the city where her only daughter works)
- What did you learn about Nastya from part 1? How do you feel about her?
Look carefully at how the story is structured. The author takes us from one place (from the village where the heroine lives to the city where her only daughter works)
What do you think, did Nastya have serious reasons not to come to her mother? Why and how is Katerina Petrovna trying to justify her daughter? Find the lines in the text.
(“Katerina Petrovna knew that Nastya was no longer up to her, the old woman. They, the young, have their own affairs, their own incomprehensible interests, their own happiness. It’s better not to interfere.” Katerina Petrovna’s love for her daughter is selfless and devoid of selfishness. A woman is ready to forgive and even to justify both the absence of letters and the unwillingness to come. One cannot read without pity and guilt about how Katerina Petrovna carelessly goes through the money brought by the postman, imagining that these pieces of paper keep the scent of Nastya's spirits, remember the warmth of her hands. We, the readers, have nothing yet we don’t know about the heroine’s daughter, but the author managed to arouse in us such strong compassion for Katerina Petrovna that hostility towards Nastya was born of itself).
Example from text:
1. Nastya received a letter from Katerina Petrovna in the service. She hid it in her purse without reading it - she decided to read it after work. Katerina Petrovna's letters evoked a sigh of relief from Nastya: since her mother writes, it means she is alive. But at the same time, a dull uneasiness began from them, as if each letter was a silent reproach.
2. A courier from the Union appeared at the door - kind and stupid Dasha. She made some signs to Nastya. Nastya went up to her, and Dasha, grinning, handed her a telegram.
Nastya returned to her place, quietly opened the telegram, read it and did not understand anything:
“Katya is dying. Tikhon.
"Which Katya? - Nastya thought confusedly. - Which Tikhon? Should beat, it's not for me.
She looked at the address: no, the telegram was hers. Only then did she notice the thin printed letters on the paper tape: "Fence."
Nastya crumpled up the telegram and frowned.
3. - What? he asked in a whisper and pointed with his eyes at the telegram crumpled in Nastya's hand. — Nothing unpleasant?
“No,” Nastya answered. “That’s right… From a friend…”
Have you noticed that on the pages telling about Nastya's life in Leningrad there are almost no descriptions of nature. Why do you think?
(- Big city, lack of corners of nature.)
Descriptions of nature, when it comes to Nastya, no, it tells us that she is an indifferent, callous person, such people usually do not see nature, they do not need it in life).
- But is it possible to talk about the indifference, callousness of Nastya, knowing about her participation in the fate of Timofeev? How does Nastya show herself in organizing the exhibition of this talented sculptor? (Persistent, demanding)
How did the artists evaluate Nastya's work?
(He emphasizes Nastya's narcissism). Find confirmation in the text.
On one of the platforms, Nastya took out a mirror, powdered herself and smiled - now she liked herself. Artists called her Solveig for her blond hair and big cold eyes.
What detail of Nastya's portrait did you immediately pay attention to? (cold eyes)
- L.N. Tolstoy said that “the eyes are the mirror of the human soul”, but here such a revealing epithet.
Paustovsky, as always, is brief: with one stroke he portrayed the character of Katerina Petrovna, saying that she does not complain, but justifies her daughter; and with one epithet he wrote out the character of Nastya, saying that she had “cold eyes”.
-What made Nastya in the sculptor's workshop remember what was in her purse an unopened letter from a mother she hasn't seen in over 3 years? Let's turn to the text.
He removed the wet rags from one of the figures, meticulously examined it from all sides, squatted down near the kerosene stove, warming his hands, and said:
— Well, here he is, Nikolai Vasilyevich! Now please!
Nastya shuddered. A sharp-nosed, round-shouldered man looked at her mockingly, knowing her through and through. Nastya saw a thin sclerotic vein beating on his temple.
“But the letter is in the purse, unopened,” Gogol’s piercing eyes seemed to say. “Oh, forty!”
What can you say about Nastya, is there a place for kindness in her soul? What is her kindness?
(her kindness is ostentatious, not real). Paustovsky constantly develops this idea.
Nastya receives a telegram. The reaction to the telegram is important for us. It seemed that I had to scream, cry, run, do something. And Nastya? Find in the text.
Nastya received a letter from Katerina Petrovna in the service. She hid it in her purse without reading it - she decided to read it after work. Katerina Petrovna's letters evoked a sigh of relief from Nastya: since her mother writes, it means she is alive. But at the same time, a dull uneasiness began from them, as if each letter was a silent reproach.
- “And it rushed from the pulpit ....”. Note the sharp contrast. He emphasizes discrepancy, incompatibility of actions and praise. And this condemning Gogol: "Oh you."
Let's go back to the old abandoned empty house.
- What feature in the appearance of Nastya does the author emphasize?
How do they treat her(“The artists called her Solveig for her blond hair and big cold eyes.” Solveig means “Sunny Path” in translation. But the author’s definition of “cold” is in contrast to this name. The sun cannot be cold.
- What is the author's attitude towards Nastya?(In the text, we see that there are no direct author's assessments, but Paustovsky notes a very important detail in the portrait of Nastya - Eyes) And we all know that the eyes are the mirror of the human soul.
- Did Nastya manage to come to her living mother?(The old woman did not wait for her daughter. But the villagers accompanied Katerina Petrovna on her last journey as a human being. Their kindness seemed to reconcile the world of nature with the world of people):
Work with text.
Katerina Petrovna was buried the next day. It froze. A thin snow fell. The day turned white, and the sky was dry, bright, but gray, as if a washed, frozen canvas had been stretched overhead. Dali beyond the river stood gray. They smelled of the sharp and cheerful smell of snow, the willow bark seized by the first frost.
Old women and children gathered for the funeral.
- What is the purpose of Paustovsky showing us a young teacher during the funeral of Katerina Petrovna?
Work with text.
The teacher was young, shy, gray-eyed, just a girl. She saw the funeral and timidly stopped, looked frightened at the little old woman in the coffin. Sharp snowflakes fell on the face of the old woman and did not melt. There, in the regional town, the teacher left behind a mother - just as small, always excited by the cares of her daughter, and just as completely gray-haired.
The teacher stood for a moment and slowly followed the coffin. The old women looked back at her, whispering that, they say, what a quiet girl and it will be difficult for her at first with the guys - they are very independent and mischievous in Zaborye.
The teacher finally made up her mind and asked one of the old women, grandmother Matryona:
“The old woman must have been lonely?”
- And, dear, - Matryona immediately sang, - consider that you are completely alone. And she was so sincere, so heartfelt. Everything used to sit and sit on her sofa alone, with no one to say a word to her. Such a pity! She has a daughter in Leningrad, yes, apparently, she flew high. So she died without people, without relatives.
.... The teacher went up to the coffin, leaned over and kissed Katerina Petrovna on her withered yellow hand. Then she straightened up quickly, turned away and walked away.
What do you think she was thinking at that moment?
- For what purpose does Paustovsky compare the heroines? What does he mean by this?
( Comparison of Nastya and the "young teacher". She also left home, leaving her family behind. The scene of Katerina Petrovna's funeral as a command to her - not to repeat Nastya's mistakes).
Probably, the death of an old lonely woman, essentially abandoned by her daughter, will serve as a lesson to a young teacher who has recently arrived in the village: after all, she left her mother in the city, “here is the same little one, always excited by the cares of her daughter and the same completely gray-haired.”
The young teacher is a sensitive, sincere person, loves her mother, misses her, and Nastya's soul is "deaf" until a terrible grief happens. Only then does she begin to realize what she has lost. But it will be too late
Nastya arrived in Zaborye on the second day after the funeral. She found a fresh grave mound in the cemetery - the earth on it was frozen into lumps - and Katerina Petrovna's cold dark room, from which, it seemed, life had left a long time ago.
In this room, Nastya cried all night, until a cloudy and heavy dawn began to turn blue outside the windows.
Nastya left Zaborye stealthily, trying so that no one saw her and asked about nothing. It seemed to her that no one but Katerina Petrovna could remove from her an irreparable guilt, an unbearable burden.
- Will there be a time for repentanceNastya?
What does the story teach us? Do not lose kindness, love, do not forget about loved ones, be sensitive and attentive.
Let's go back to the epigraphs of our lesson. Which one is more suitable for our lesson.
What answer would you give to the problematic question of our lesson: “ Is love for a mother a duty or a dictate of the heart?
CONCLUSION.
I think, guys, that there is a deep connotation hidden in the name "Telegram". In fact, the whole story is a telegram addressed to you and me. After all, a telegram, as you already said, is sent when they want to report something urgently important. "Be human! - reminds Paustovsky. - Repay good for good. Don't be a kestrel." Do not cover yourself with concern for humanity, when your closest people and, above all, your mother, are waiting for your warmth, your attention, your kind word and look.
Do not miss the time, so that later all your life you will not be tormented by remorse. Look into your mother's eyes, maybe now she needs your attention and your support.
Don't forget Mothers!
They mourn in separation.
And there is no worse pain for them -
The silence of their own children.
Don't forget Mothers!
They are not to blame for anything.
As before their hearts are embraced
Anxiety for your children.
Write letters to mothers
Give them a call!
5. The song of Lyudmila Mikheeva “Call children to mothers” sounds
6. Reflection
It was difficult for me in class.
The lesson helped me think:
I understood):
7. Creative homework. Write an essay on one of the following topics:
“What kind of son (daughter) am I?”
“What made me think about the story of Paustovsky “Telegram”.
Write a letter to Nastya.
