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Russian folk tales
Ivan Tsarevich and the Grey Wolf
Once upon a time there was Tsar Berendey, he had three sons, the youngest was called Ivan. And the king had a magnificent garden; an apple tree with golden apples grew in that garden.
Someone began to visit the royal garden, steal golden apples. The king felt sorry for his garden. He sends guards there. No guards can keep track of the kidnapper.
The king stopped drinking and eating - he became homesick. Father's sons console:
- Our dear father, do not be sad, we ourselves will guard the garden.
Elder son says:
“Today it’s my turn, I’ll go guard the garden from the kidnapper.”
The eldest son left. No matter how much he walked in the evening, he did not follow anyone, he fell on the soft grass and fell asleep.
In the morning the king asks him:
“Well, won’t you please me: have you seen the kidnapper?
- No, dear father, I didn’t sleep all night, I didn’t close my eyes, but I didn’t see anyone.
The next night the middle son went to watch and also slept all night, and in the morning he said that he had not seen the kidnapper.
The time has come for the younger brother to go guard. Ivan Tsarevich went to guard his fathers garden and was even afraid to sit down, let alone lie down. As his sleep is overwhelmed, he will wash himself with dew from the grass, sleep and out of sight.
Half of the night has passed, and it seems to him: there is light in the garden. Lighter and brighter. The whole garden was lit up. He sees the Firebird sitting on the apple tree and pecking at the golden apples.
Ivan Tsarevich quietly crawled up to the apple tree and caught the bird by the tail.
The Firebird started up and flew away, leaving one feather from its tail in his hand.
The next morning, Ivan Tsarevich comes to his father.
- Well, my dear Vanya, have you seen the kidnapper?
- Dear father, I didn’t catch it, but I traced who was ruining our garden. I brought you a memory from the kidnapper. This, father, is the Firebird.
The king took this pen and from that time on he began to drink and eat and not know sadness.
At one fine time, he thought about this about the Firebird.
He called his sons and said to them:
- My dear children, if you saddled good horses, you would travel around the wide world, you would know places, you would not attack the Firebird somewhere.
The children bowed to their father, saddled the good horses and set off on their journey: the eldest in one direction, the middle one in the other, and Ivan Tsarevich in the third direction.
Ivan Tsarevich rode for a long time, or a short one. The day was summer. Ivan Tsarevich got tired, dismounted from his horse, confused him, and he himself fell to sleep.
How much, how little time has passed, Ivan Tsarevich woke up, he sees - there is no horse. He went to look for him, walked, walked and found his horse - only gnawed bones.
Ivan Tsarevich was sad: where without a horse to go so far? "Well, - he thinks, - he took it - there is nothing to do."
And he went on foot. Walked, walked, tired to death. He sat down on the soft grass and sat down and sat down.
Out of nowhere, a gray wolf runs towards him:
- What, Ivan Tsarevich, are you sitting down, hung your head?
- How can I not be sad, gray wolf? I was left without a good horse.
- It was I, Ivan Tsarevich, who ate your horse ... I feel sorry for you! Tell me, why did you go far, where are you going?
- Father sent me to travel around the wide world, to find the Firebird.
- Fu, fu, you won't get to the Firebird in three years on your good horse. I only know where she lives. So be it - I ate your horse, I will serve you faithfully. Get on top of me and hold on tight.
Ivan Tsarevich sat on him, the gray wolf and galloped - he misses the blue forests past his eyes, sweeps the lakes with his tail.
How long, how short, they run to a high fortress. Gray wolf says:
- Listen to me, Ivan Tsarevich, remember: climb over the wall, do not be afraid - the hour is good, all the watchmen are sleeping. You will see a window in the tower, there is a golden cage on the window, and the Firebird sits in the cage. You take a bird, put it in your bosom, but don’t touch the cages!
Ivan Tsarevich climbed over the wall, saw this tower - there is a golden cage on the window, the Firebird sits in the cage. He took the bird, put it in his bosom, and stared at the cage. His heart flared up: “Oh, what a golden, precious one! How can you not take one!” And he forgot that the wolf punished him.
As soon as he touched the cage, a sound went through the fortress: the trumpets blew, the drums beat, the guards woke up, grabbed Ivan Tsarevich and led him to Tsar Afron.
King Afron became angry and asked:
- Whose are you, where are you from?
- I am Tsar Berendey's son, Ivan Tsarevich.
- Oh, what a shame! The king's son went to steal.
- And what about when your bird flew, our garden was ruined?
- And you would come to me, honestly asked, I would give it like that, out of respect for your parent, Tsar Berendey. And now, in all cities, I will let a bad reputation about you ... Well, okay, if you do me a favor, I will forgive you. In such and such a kingdom, King Kusman has a golden-maned horse. Bring him to me, then I'll give you the Firebird with the cage.
Ivan Tsarevich lit up, goes to the gray wolf. And the wolf to him:
“I told you not to move the cage!” Why didn't you listen to my order?
- Well, forgive me, forgive me, gray wolf.
- Well, I'm sorry ... Okay, sit on me. I took hold of the tug, don't say that it's not hefty.
Again the gray wolf galloped with Ivan Tsarevich.
How long, how short, they reach the fortress where the golden-maned horse stands.
- Climb, Ivan Tsarevich, through the wall, the watchmen are sleeping, go to the stable, take the horse, but don’t touch the bridle.
Ivan Tsarevich climbed into the fortress, where all the guards sleep, went to the stable, caught a golden-maned horse, and coveted the bridle - it was removed with gold, expensive stones; in it the golden-maned horse can only walk.
Ivan Tsarevich touched the bridle, a sound spread throughout the fortress: trumpets blew, drums beat, the watchmen woke up, grabbed Ivan Tsarevich and led him to Tsar Kusman.
- Whose are you, where are you from?
- I'm Ivan Tsarevich.
- Eka, what nonsense he took - to steal a horse! Even a simple man will not agree to this. Well, I'll forgive you, Ivan Tsarevich, if you do me a favor. The king of Dalmat has a daughter, Elena the Beautiful. Kidnap her, bring her to me, I will give you a golden-maned horse with a bridle.
Ivan Tsarevich became even more sad and went to the gray wolf.
- I told you, Ivan Tsarevich: do not touch the bridle! You did not listen to my order.
- Well, forgive me, forgive me, gray wolf.
- Well, I'm sorry ... Come on, sit on my back.
Again the gray wolf galloped with Ivan Tsarevich. They run to the king of Dalmat. In his fortress, in the garden, Elena the Beautiful walks with her mothers and nannies. gray wolf says:
“This time I won’t let you in, I’ll go myself.” And you go back by the way, dear, I will catch up with you soon.
Ivan Tsarevich went back along the road, and the gray wolf jumped over the wall - and into the garden. He sat down behind a bush and looked. Elena the Beautiful came out with her mothers and nannies. She walked, walked, and only lagged behind the mothers and nannies, the gray wolf grabbed Elena the Beautiful, threw her over her back - and ran away.
Ivan Tsarevich is walking along the road, suddenly a gray wolf overtakes him, Elena the Beautiful is sitting on him. Ivan Tsarevich was delighted, and the gray wolf to him:
- Get on me quickly, as if there was no pursuit for us.
Here the gray wolf rushed off with Ivan Tsarevich, with Elena the Beautiful on the way back - the blue forests pass by the eyes, rivers, lakes with its tail sweeps.
How long, how short, they run to King Kusman. The gray wolf asks:
- What, Ivan Tsarevich, fell silent, grieved?
- Yes, how can I, gray wolf, not be sad? How can I part with such beauty! How will I change Elena the Beautiful for a horse?
The gray wolf says:
- I will not part you with such beauty - we will hide it somewhere, and I will turn into Elena the Beautiful, you and lead me to the king.
Here they hid Elena the Beautiful in a forest hut. The gray wolf turned over his head and became exactly like Elena the Beautiful. Ivan Tsarevich led him to Tsar Kusman.
The king was delighted, began to thank him:
- Thank you, Ivan Tsarevich, for getting me a bride. Get a golden-maned horse with a bridle.
Ivan Tsarevich mounted this horse and rode after Elena the Beautiful. He took her, put her on a horse, and they ride along the road.
And Tsar Kusman arranged a wedding, feasted all day until evening, and when he had to go to bed, he took Elena the Beautiful to the bedroom, but only lay down with her on the bed, looking - a wolf's face instead of a young wife!
The king fell out of bed with fear, and the wolf ran away.
The gray wolf catches up with Ivan Tsarevich and asks:
What are you thinking about, Ivan Tsarevich?
How can I not think? It is a pity to part with such a treasure - a golden-maned horse, to change it for the Firebird.
Don't worry, I'll help you.
Here they reach the king Afron. wolf and says:
- Hide this horse and Elena the Beautiful, and I will turn into a horse with a golden mane, you and lead me to King Afron.
They hid Elena the Beautiful and the golden-maned horse in the forest. The gray wolf threw itself over his back, turned into a golden-maned horse.
Ivan Tsarevich led him to Tsar Afron. The king was delighted and gave him the Firebird with a golden cage.
Ivan Tsarevich returned on foot to the forest, put Elena the Beautiful on a golden-maned horse, took a golden cage with a Firebird and rode along the road to his native side.
And King Afron ordered to bring a gift horse to him and just wanted to sit on it - the horse turned into a gray wolf. The king, out of fear, where he stood, fell there, and the gray wolf took to his heels and soon caught up with Ivan Tsarevich.
Ivan Tsarevich got down from his horse and bowed three times to the ground, respectfully thanked the gray wolf. And he says:
“Don’t say goodbye to me forever, I’ll still come in handy for you.”
Ivan Tsarevich thinks: “Where else can you be useful? All my desires are fulfilled." He sat on a golden-maned horse, and again they rode with Elena the Beautiful, with the Firebird.
He reached his own edges, he decided to take a midday meal. He had some bread with him. Well, they ate, drank spring water and lay down to rest.
As soon as Ivan Tsarevich fell asleep, his brothers run into him. They traveled to other lands, looking for the Firebird, returned empty-handed.
They drove over and saw that everything had been obtained from Ivan Tsarevich. Here is what they had to say:
“Let’s kill our brother, all the booty will be ours.”
They decided and killed Ivan Tsarevich. They sat on a golden-maned horse, took the Firebird, put Elena the Beautiful on the horse and frightened her:
Don't say anything at home!
Tsarevich Ivan lies dead, crows are already flying over him. Out of nowhere, a gray wolf came running and grabbed a raven with a crow.
- You fly, raven, for living and dead water. Bring me living and dead water, then I will let your crow go.
The raven, there is nothing to do, flew away, and the wolf is holding his little crow.
How long did the raven fly, how short, did it bring living and dead water. The gray wolf sprinkled dead water on the wounds of Ivan Tsarevich - the wounds healed; sprinkled it with living water - Ivan Tsarevich came to life.
- Oh, I slept soundly! ..
“You slept soundly,” says the gray wolf. If it wasn't for me, I wouldn't have woken up at all. Your brothers killed you and took away all your booty. Get on top of me quickly.
They rode in pursuit and overtook both brothers. Then the gray wolf tore them to pieces and scattered the pieces across the field.
Ivan Tsarevich bowed to the gray wolf and said goodbye to him forever.
Ivan Tsarevich returned home on a golden-maned horse, brought the Firebird to his father, and his bride, Elena the Beautiful.
Tsar Berendey was delighted, and began to ask his son. Ivan Tsarevich began to tell how the gray wolf helped him get prey, and how the brothers killed him, sleepy, and how the gray wolf tore them to pieces.
Tsar Berendey grieved and was soon consoled. And Ivan Tsarevich married Elena the Beautiful, and they began to live and live and not know grief.
Go there - I don't know where, bring that - I don't know what
In a certain state there lived a king, single - not married. He had a shooter named Andrei in his service.
Andrey the shooter once went hunting. I walked, walked all day through the forest - I was not lucky, I could not attack the game. The time was in the evening, he goes back - spinning. He sees a dove sitting on a tree.
“Give me,” he thinks, “I’ll shoot at least this one.”
He shot and wounded her - a turtledove fell from a tree onto damp ground. Andrey picked her up, wanted to roll her head, put it in a bag.
“Don’t kill me, Andrey the shooter, don’t chop off my head, take me alive, bring me home, put me on the window. Yes, see how drowsiness comes upon me - at that time, beat me with your right hand backhand: you will get yourself great happiness.
Andrey the shooter was surprised: what is it? It looks like a bird, but speaks with a human voice. He brought the dove home, put it on the window, and he himself was waiting.
A little time passed, the dove put her head under her wing and dozed off. Andrei remembered that she punished him, hit her with his right hand backhand. The dove fell to the ground and turned into a maiden, Princess Marya, and so beautiful that you can’t think of it, you can only tell in a fairy tale.
Marya the princess says to the shooter:
- He managed to take me, be able to keep me - with a leisurely feast and for the wedding. I will be your honest and cheerful wife.
On that they got along. Andrey the shooter married Marya the princess and lives with his young wife, making fun. And he does not forget the service: every morning, neither light nor dawn goes into the forest, shoots game and carries it to the royal kitchen.
They did not live long, Marya the princess says:
- You live in poverty, Andrey!
- Yes, as you can see.
- Get a hundred rubles, buy different silk with this money, I'll fix the whole thing.
Andrei obeyed, went to his comrades, from whom he borrowed a ruble, from whom he borrowed two, bought different silk and brought it to his wife. Princess Mary took the silk and said:
- Go to bed, the morning is wiser than the evening.
Andrey went to bed, and Princess Marya sat down to weave. All night long she wove and wove a carpet that has never been seen in the whole world: the whole kingdom is painted on it, with cities and villages, with forests and fields, and birds in the sky, and animals on the mountains, and fish in the seas; around the moon and the sun go ...
The next morning, Princess Marya gives the carpet to her husband:
- Take it to the Gostiny Dvor, sell it to the merchants, but look - do not ask for your price, but take what they give you.
Andrei took the carpet, hung it on his arm and walked along the living room rows.
One merchant runs up to him:
“Listen, sir, how much are you asking?”
- You are a trading person, you and the price come on.
Here the merchant thought and thought - he could not appreciate the carpet. Another jumped up, followed by another. A great crowd of merchants has gathered, they look at the carpet, marvel, but they cannot appreciate it.
At that time, the royal adviser was passing by the ranks, and he wanted to know what the merchants were talking about. He got out of the carriage, forced his way through the great crowd and asked:
- Hello, merchants, overseas guests! What are you talking about?
- So and so, we can not evaluate the carpet.
The royal adviser looked at the carpet and wondered himself:
“Tell me, shooter, tell me the truth: where did you get such a nice carpet from?
- So and so, my wife embroidered.
- How much can you give for it?
“I don't know myself. The wife ordered not to bargain: how much they give, then ours.
- Well, here you are, shooter, ten thousand.
Andrei took the money, gave the carpet and went home. And the royal adviser went to the king and showed him the carpet.
The king looked - on the carpet his whole kingdom was in full view. He gasped like this:
- Well, whatever you want, but I won’t give you the carpet!
The tsar took out twenty thousand rubles and gives the adviser from hand to hand. The adviser took the money and thought: “Nothing, I’ll order another one for myself, even better.”
He got back into the carriage and galloped off to the settlement. He found the hut where Andrei the shooter lives, and knocks on the door, Marya the princess opens it for him.
The tsar’s adviser put one foot over the threshold, but he couldn’t stand the other, fell silent and forgot about his work: such a beauty was standing in front of him, he wouldn’t take his eyes off her for a century, he would look and look.
Princess Marya waited, waited for an answer, but turned the royal adviser by the shoulders and closed the door. Forcibly he came to his senses, reluctantly trudged home. And from that time on, he doesn’t eat, he doesn’t drink, he doesn’t drink: everything seems to him the shooter’s wife.
The king noticed this and began to ask what kind of trouble he had.
The adviser says to the king:
- Ah, I saw a wife of one shooter, I keep thinking about her! And do not drink it down, do not eat it, do not bewitch it with any potion.
The tsar came to see the shooter's wife himself. He dressed in a simple dress, went to the settlement, found the hut where Andrei the shooter lives, and knocked on the door.
Princess Marya opened the door to him. The king put one foot over the threshold, but he can’t do the other, he was completely numb: indescribable beauty stands in front of him.
Princess Marya waited, waited for an answer, turned the king by the shoulders and closed the door.
The king was pinched by a heartfelt sweetness. “Why,” he thinks, “I go single, not married? I wish I could marry this beauty! She should not be a shooter, she was destined to be a queen in her family.
The king returned to the palace and conceived a bad idea - to beat his wife from her living husband.
He calls an adviser and says:
- Think about how to lime Andrey the shooter. I want to marry his wife. If you think of it, I will reward you with cities and villages and a golden treasury; if you don’t think of it, I’ll take my head off my shoulders.
The tsar's adviser twirled, went and hung his nose. How to lime the shooter will not come up with. Yes, out of grief, I wrapped myself in a tavern to drink some wine. A tavern horse in a tattered kaftanishka runs up to him.
- What, the royal adviser, was upset about, why did you hang your nose?
"Go away, you bastard!"
- And you do not drive me, better bring a glass of wine, I'll bring you to mind.
The royal adviser brought him a glass of wine and told him about his grief.
Tavern tereb and says to him:
- It’s not an easy task to tell Andrei the shooter - he himself is simple, but his wife is painfully cunning. Well, yes, we will guess a riddle such that she cannot cope. Go back to the tsar and say: let him send Andrei the shooter to the other world to find out how the late tsar-father is doing. Andrey will leave and will not come back.
The tsar's adviser thanked the tavern horse and ran to the tsar.
- So and so, you can lime the shooter.
And he told me where to send him and why. The king was delighted, ordered to call Andrei the shooter.
- Well, Andrei, you served me faithfully, do another service: go to the next world, find out how my father is doing. Otherwise, my sword is your head off your shoulders.
Andrei returned home, sat down on a bench and hung his head. Princess Mary asks him:
- What's unhappy? Or some misfortune?
Andrey told her what kind of service the tsar had given him.
Princess Mary says:
- There is something to grieve about! This is not a service, but a service, the service will be ahead. Go to bed, the morning is wiser than the evening.
Early in the morning, as soon as Andrei woke up, Marya Tsarevna gave him a bag of crackers and a golden ring.
“Go to the king and ask for a royal adviser as your comrade, otherwise, tell me, they won’t believe you that you were in the next world.” And when you go out with a friend on the road, throw a ring in front of you, it will bring you.
Andrei took a bag of crackers and a ring, said goodbye to his wife and went to the king to ask for a travel comrade.
Nothing to do, the king agreed, ordered the adviser to go with Andrei to the next world.
So the two of them went out on their way. Andrey threw a ring - it rolls. Andrey follows him through clean fields, moss-swamps, rivers-lakes, and the royal adviser drags behind Andrey.
They get tired of walking, eat crackers - and again on the road.
Close, far, soon, short, they came to a dense, dense forest, descended into a deep ravine, and then the ring stopped.
Andrei and the tsar's adviser sat down to eat crackers. Look, past them on an old, elderly king, two devils are carrying firewood - a huge cart - and they are chasing the king with clubs, one from the right side, the other from the left.
Andrey says:
- Look: is this our late tsar-father?
- You're right, he's the one carrying the firewood.
Andrey shouted to the devil:
- Hey, sirs! Release this dead man for me, at least for a short time, I need to ask him about something.
The devils answer:
We have time to wait! Shall we carry firewood ourselves?
- And you take a fresh man to replace me.
Well, the devils unharnessed the old king, in his place they harnessed the royal adviser to the cart and let's drive him on both sides with clubs - he bends, but he's lucky.
Andrei began to ask the old king about his life.
“Ah, Andrei the shooter,” the king answers, “my bad life in the next world! Bow from me to your son and say that I firmly order people not to offend, otherwise the same will happen to him.
As soon as they had time to talk, the devils were already going back with an empty cart. Andrei said goodbye to the old tsar, took the tsar's adviser from the devils, and they went on their way back.
They come to their kingdom, they come to the palace. The king saw the shooter and in his hearts attacked him:
How dare you turn back?
Andrey the shooter says:
- So and so, I was in the next world with your deceased parent. He lives badly, ordered you to bow and strongly punished people not to offend.
- And how can you prove that you went to the next world and saw my parent?
– And by that I will prove that your adviser still has signs on his back, how the devils drove him with clubs.
Then the king was convinced that there was nothing to do - he let Andrei go home. And he says to the adviser:
- Think about how to kill the shooter, otherwise my sword is your head off your shoulders.
The royal adviser went, hung his nose even lower. He enters a tavern, sat down at the table, asked for wine. A tavern-horse runs up to him:
- What, the royal adviser, got upset? Bring me a glass, I'll make you think.
The adviser brought him a glass of wine and told him about his grief.
The tavern-teeth says to him:
- Go back and tell the king to give the arrow this kind of service - it’s not only to fulfill it, it’s hard to invent it: I would send him to distant lands, to the distant kingdom to get the cat Bayun ...
The royal adviser ran to the king and told him what service to assign to the shooter so that he would not return back. The Tsar sends for Andrew.
- Well, Andrey, you did me a service, do another: go to the thirtieth kingdom and get me a cat Bayun. Otherwise, my sword is your head off your shoulders.
Andrei went home, hung his head below his shoulders and told his wife what kind of service the tsar had assigned him.
- There is something to whine about! - Princess Marya says. - This is not a service, but a service, the service will be ahead. Go to bed, the morning is wiser than the evening.
Andrei went to bed, and Marya the princess went to the forge and ordered the blacksmiths to forge three iron caps, iron pliers and three rods: one iron, another copper, the third tin.
Early in the morning, Princess Mary woke Andrei up.
- Here you have three caps and pincers and three rods, go to distant lands, to the distant kingdom. You won’t reach three miles, a strong dream will overwhelm you - the cat Bayun will let drowsiness fall on you. You don’t sleep, throw your hand over your hand, drag your foot by foot, and where you roll with a skating rink. And if you fall asleep, Bayun the cat will kill you.
And then Princess Marya taught him how and what to do, and let him go on the road.
Soon the fairy tale is told, the deed is not soon done - Andrei the shooter came to the thirtieth kingdom.
For three miles, sleep began to overcome him. Andrei puts three iron caps on his head, throws his hand over his hand, drags his foot by foot - he walks, and where he rolls like a skating rink.
Somehow he survived his drowsiness and found himself at a high pillar. Cat Bayun saw Andrey, grunted, purred and jumped from the pole on his head - he broke one cap and the other, he took up the third. Then Andrei the shooter grabbed the cat with tongs, dragged him to the ground and let's stroke him with rods. First, he cut with an iron rod, broke the iron one, began to treat him with a copper one - and this one broke it and began to beat with a tin one.
The tin rod bends, does not break, wraps around the ridge. Andrey beats, and the cat Bayun began to tell fairy tales: about priests, about clerks, about priest's daughters. Andrei does not listen to him, you know he is courting him with a rod.
The cat became unbearable, he sees that it is impossible to speak, and he prayed:
Leave me, good man! Whatever you need, I'll do it for you.
– Will you come with me?
- Wherever you want to go.
Andrei went back and led the cat behind him. He reached his kingdom, comes with a cat to the palace and says to the king:
- So and so, he completed the service, got you a cat Bayun.
The king was surprised and said:
- Come on, cat Bayun, show great passion.
Here the cat sharpens its claws, gets along with their king, wants to tear his white chest, take it out of a living heart.
The king was afraid
- Andrey-shooter, please take down the cat Bayun!
Andrey appeased the cat and locked it in a cage, and he went home to Princess Marya. Lives, lives, amuses himself with his young wife. And the tsar is even more chilled by the sweetness of the heart. Again he called for an adviser:
- Think of whatever you want, take out Andrei the shooter, otherwise my sword is your head off your shoulders.
The tsar's adviser goes straight to the tavern, finds there a tavern horse in a tattered caftan and asks him to help him out, to bring him to mind. The tavern tereben drank a glass of wine, wiped his mustache.
- Go, - he says, - to the king and say: let him send Andrei the shooter there - I don’t know where, bring something - I don’t know what. Andrei will never fulfill this task and will not return back.
The adviser ran to the king and reported everything to him. The Tsar sends for Andrew.
- You served me two services, serve a third: go there - I don’t know where, bring that - I don’t know what. If you serve, I will reward you royally, otherwise my sword is your head from your shoulders.
Andrey came home, sat down on a bench and cried.
Princess Mary asks him:
- What, dear, is unhappy? Or some other misfortune?
- Eh, - he says, - through your beauty I carry all the misfortunes! The king ordered me to go there - I don’t know where, to bring something - I don’t know what!
- This is a service, a service! Well, nothing, go to bed, the morning is wiser than the evening.
Princess Marya waited until night, opened the magic book, read, read, threw the book and clutched her head: nothing was said about the tsar's riddle in the book.
Princess Mary went out onto the porch, took out a handkerchief and waved it. All sorts of birds flew in, all sorts of animals came running.
Princess Mary asks them:
- Beasts of the forest, birds of the sky, you, animals, roam everywhere, you birds, fly everywhere - have you heard how to get there - I don’t know where, bring that - I don’t know what?
Animals and birds answered:
- No, Princess Marya, we have not heard about that.
Princess Marya waved her handkerchief - the animals and birds disappeared, as if they had never been. She waved another time - two giants appeared in front of her:
- Anything? What is needed?
- My faithful servants, take me to the middle of the Ocean-Sea.
The giants picked up Princess Marya, carried her to the Ocean-Sea and stood in the middle, at the very abyss - they themselves stand like pillars, and they hold her in their arms. Princess Marya waved her handkerchief, and all the reptiles and fish of the sea swam to her.
- You, reptiles and fish of the sea, you swim everywhere, you visit all the islands, have you ever heard how to get there - I don’t know where, to bring something - I don’t know what?
“No, Princess Marya, we haven’t heard about that.
Tsarevna Marya twirled and ordered to be carried home. The giants picked her up, brought her to Andreev's yard, and placed her by the porch.
Early in the morning Marya Tsarevna gathered Andrei for the journey and gave him a ball of thread and an embroidered fly.
- Throw the ball in front of you - where it rolls, you go there. Yes, look, wherever you come, you will wash yourself, do not wipe yourself with someone else's fly, but wipe yourself with mine.
Andrey said goodbye to Marya Tsarevna, bowed on all four sides and went behind the outpost. He threw the ball in front of him, the ball rolled - rolls and rolls, Andrei follows him.
Soon the tale tells, not soon the deed is done. Andrey passed through many kingdoms and lands. The ball rolls, the thread stretches from it. It became a small ball, about the size of a chicken head; that's how small it has become, it is not visible on the road. Andrey reached the forest, he sees - there is a hut on chicken legs.
The hut turned, Andrei entered and saw - a gray-haired old woman was sitting on a bench, spinning a tow.
- Fu, fu, the Russian spirit has not been heard, the view has not been seen, and now the Russian spirit has come by itself! I’ll roast you in the oven and eat you and ride on the bones.
Andrei answers the old woman:
- What are you, old Baba Yaga, will you eat a road person! The road man is bony and black, you heat the bathhouse in advance, wash me, evaporate me, then eat.
Baba Yaga heated the bathhouse. Andrey evaporated, washed himself, took out his wife's fly and began to wipe himself with it.
Baba Yaga asks:
- Where did you get the width from? My daughter embroidered it.
- Your daughter is my wife, she gave me my fly.
“Ah, beloved son-in-law, what can I regale you with?
Then Baba Yaga prepared dinner, instructed all sorts of foods, wines and honeys. Andrei does not brag - he sat down at the table, let's gobble up.
Baba Yaga sat next to me. He eats, she asks: how did he marry Princess Mary and do they live well? Andrei told everything: how he got married and how the tsar sent him there - I don’t know where, to get that - I don’t know what.
- If only you could help me, grandma!
“Ah, son-in-law, even I have never heard of this wondrous marvel. One old frog knows about it, she lives in a swamp for three hundred years ... Well, nothing, go to bed, the morning is wiser than the evening.
Andrei went to bed, and Baba Yaga took two goliks, flew to the swamp and began to call:
- Grandmother, jumping frog, is she alive?
- Come to me from the swamp.
The old frog came out of the swamp, Baba Yaga asks her:
“Do you know where, I don’t know what?”
- Tell me, do me a favor. My son-in-law was given a service: to go there - I don’t know where, to take that - I don’t know what.
The frog replies:
- I would see him off, but I’m too old, I can’t jump there. Your son-in-law will carry me in fresh milk to the fiery river, then I'll tell you.
Baba Yaga took the jumping frog, flew home, milked milk into a pot, put the frog in it, and woke Andrei up early in the morning.
- Well, dear son-in-law, get dressed, take a pot of fresh milk, there is a frog in milk, and sit on my horse, he will take you to the fiery river. Leave the horse there and take the frog out of the pot, she will tell you.
Andrei got dressed, took a pot, sat on Baba Yaga's horse. How long, how short, the horse drove him to the fiery river. No beast will jump over it, no bird will fly over it.
Andrei got off his horse, the frog said to him:
- Take me out of the pot, good fellow, we need to cross the river.
Andrei took the frog out of the pot and put it on the ground.
- Well, good fellow, now sit on my back.
- What are you, grandmother, eka little, tea, I will crush you.
- Do not be afraid, do not crush. Sit down and hold on tight.
Andrei sat on a jumping frog. She began to pout.
She pouted, pouted - she became like a haystack.
- Are you holding on tight?
- Hard, grandma.
Again the frog pouted, pouted - became even bigger, like a haystack.
- Are you holding on tight?
- Hard, grandma.
Again she pouted, pouted - she became taller than the dark forest, but as soon as she jumped - and jumped over the fiery river, carried Andrei to the other side and became small again.
- Go, good fellow, along this path, you will see a tower without a tower, a hut not a hut, a shed not a shed, go in there and stand behind the stove. There you will find something - I do not know what.
Andrei went along the path, he sees: the old hut is not a hut, surrounded by a fence, without windows, without a porch. He went in and hid behind the stove.
A little later, there was a knock, thundering through the forest, and a peasant with a fingernail, a beard the size of an elbow, enters the hut, and how he shouts:
- Hey, matchmaker Naum, I want to eat!
He just shouted, out of nowhere a set table appears, on it is a keg of beer and a baked bull, in the side a chiseled knife.
A little man the size of a fingernail, a beard the size of an elbow, sat down next to the bull, took out a sharpened knife, began to cut the meat, dunk it in garlic, eat and praise.
Processed the bull to the last bone, drank a whole barrel of beer.
- Hey, matchmaker Naum, put away the leftovers!
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Funny and sad, scary and funny, they are familiar to us from childhood. Our first ideas about the world, good and evil, about justice are connected with them.
A fairy tale is one of the main types of oral folk art. Artistic narrative of a fantastic, adventure or everyday nature. A fairy tale is a work in which the main feature is "an orientation towards revealing the truth of life with the help of conditionally poetic fiction that elevates or reduces reality."
Children find deep satisfaction in the fact that their thought lives in the world of fabulous images. Five, ten times a child can retell the same fairy tale, and each time he discovers something new in it. In fairy-tale images - the first step from bright, lively, concrete to abstract. The child knows that in the world there is neither Baba Yaga, nor the Frog Princess, nor Koshchei the Immortal, but he embodies good and evil in these images, and each time, telling the same tale, expresses his attitude to good and bad. A fairy tale is inseparable from beauty; it contributes to the development of aesthetic feelings, without which the nobility of the soul, heartfelt sensitivity to human misfortune, grief, and suffering is inconceivable. Thanks to the fairy tale, the child learns the world not only with the mind, but also with the heart. And not only cognizes, but responds to the events and phenomena of the surrounding world, expresses his attitude to good and evil ...
The fascination of the plot, imagery and amusingness make fairy tales a very effective pedagogical tool. In fairy tales, the scheme of events, external clashes and struggle is very complex. This circumstance makes the plot fascinating and attracts the attention of children to it. Imagery is an important feature of fairy tales, which facilitates their perception by children who are not yet capable of abstract thinking.
Young children are usually attracted to the world of animals, so they really like fairy tales in which animals and birds act. In a fairy tale, animals acquire human features - they think, act, speak. In essence, such images bring to the child knowledge about the world of people, not animals. In this kind of fairy tales, there is usually no distinct division of characters into positive and negative ones. Each of them is endowed with any one trait, an inherent feature of his character, which is played out in the plot. So, the traditional feature of the fox is cunning, so it is usually about how she fools other animals. The wolf is greedy and stupid; in a relationship with a fox, he will certainly get into a mess. The bear has a not so unambiguous image, the bear is sometimes evil, but it can also be kind, but at the same time it always remains a klutz.
There are many songs in fairy tales about animals: the fox sings a flattering song to the rooster: “Cockerel, cockerel, golden comb, butter head, silk beard ...”; the rooster also sings, calling for the help of the cat: “The fox is carrying me beyond the dark forests ... "; the goat sings in front of the door of the house: “You, children! You are goats! Open up, open ... "; wolf, bear and other characters sing.
Fairy tales abound with funny proverbs: “a fox is beautiful during a conversation”, “a bunny is a bow-legged lope on a hill”, “a mosquito is a peep”, “a fly is a talker” and others. The song-rhythmic beginning gives the narration a strong emotional expression, diversifies it, gives the fairy tale features of an unusual, game-like quality. Songs and funny proverbs are so expressive that they live independently, concentrating in themselves the poetic meaning of fairy tales in a compressed rhythmic-playful form. Having sunk into memory, fairy tales become an inseparable part of children's consciousness.
This is the most popular and favorite genre of children. Everything that happens in fairy tales is fantastic and significant in its task: its hero, getting into one or another dangerous situation, saves friends, destroys enemies - he fights not for life, but for death. The danger seems especially strong, terrible because his main opponents are not ordinary people, but representatives of supernatural dark forces: the Serpent Gorynych, Baba Yaga, Kashchei the Immortal and others. By winning victories over this evil, the hero, as it were, confirms the high human principle, proximity to the light forces of nature. In the struggle, he becomes even stronger and wiser, makes new friends and gets the full right to happiness - to the great satisfaction of little listeners.
A fairy tale with its persistent composition teaches a child to think logically: the events in it unfold in a strict sequence. The story captures the dynamics of the plot. The closer the end is, the sharper and more tense the relationship between the characters becomes. Very often, having brought the hero to the moment of almost complete achievement of the goal, the fairy tale allows a sharp turn of the event to its original position - and again he begins the struggle for the triumph of justice.
In the plot of a fairy tale, the main episode is the beginning of the hero's journey for the sake of one or another important task. On his long journey, he meets with insidious opponents and magical helpers. Very effective means are at his disposal: a flying carpet, a wonderful ball or mirror, or even a talking animal or bird, a swift horse or wolf. All of them, with some conditions or without them at all, in the blink of an eye fulfill the requests and orders of the hero. They do not have the slightest doubt about his moral right to order, since the task assigned to him is very important and since the hero himself is impeccable.
Closest to everyday life and does not even necessarily include miracles. Approval or environment is always given in it openly, the assessment is clearly expressed: what is immoral, what is worthy of ridicule. Even when it seems that the characters are just fooling around, amusing the listeners, their every word, every action is filled with significant meaning, connected with important aspects of a person's life. The constant heroes of satirical tales are “simple” poor people. However, they invariably prevail over the “difficult” - a rich or noble person. Unlike the heroes of a fairy tale, here the poor achieve the triumph of justice without the help of wonderful helpers - only thanks to intelligence, dexterity, resourcefulness, and even lucky circumstances.
For centuries, the everyday satirical tale has absorbed the characteristic features of the life of the people and their relationship to those in power, in particular to judges and officials. All this, of course, was passed on to the little listeners, who were imbued with the healthy folk humor of the narrator. Fairy tales of this kind contain the "vitamin of laughter" that helps the common man to maintain his dignity in a world ruled by bribe-takers - officials, unrighteous judges, stingy rich people, arrogant nobles.
In everyday fairy tales, characters sometimes appear - animals, and perhaps the appearance of such abstract actors as Truth and Falsehood, Woe-Misfortune. The main thing here is not the selection of characters, but a satirical condemnation of human vices and shortcomings.
Works created by different authors and passed from mouth to mouth, having undergone various changes resulting from joint folk art, are called folklore (from English folklore - folk knowledge, folk wisdom). Folklore reflects both the wisdom of the ages and the actual problems of the present. It has been a companion of the history of the people since ancient times, when people did not yet know how to write. His works reflect the centuries-old experience of the people, folk customs, worldview, ideas about morality and traditions of education.
Folklore
Oral folk art is a true storehouse of folk wisdom. Reflecting all the vicissitudes of the life of the people, their joys and sorrows, dreams and aspirations, folklore became the basis for the subsequent development of written literature.
Over the centuries, such main genres as fairy tales, songs, charms, proverbs and sayings, riddles, baits, nursery rhymes, munajats, legends and legends, epics, etc., have been formed in Tatar folklore.
Now we will take a closer look at one of the forms of Tatar oral folk art.
Fairy tales
Fairy tales are one of the most widespread and entertaining genres of folklore. Fairy tales are familiar to everyone from early childhood. In a fascinating way, they tell about the adventures of fictional characters in a fantasy world.
However, fairy tales not only entertain, they can teach us a lot. They reflected people's ingenuity, resourcefulness, wisdom and examples of high morality. They teach perseverance in overcoming difficulties, in the fight against evil. Fairy tales condemn evil, injustice, laziness and other negative qualities of people and exalt brave and fearless heroes fighting for justice and for the realization of their bright dreams. Generosity, honesty, kindness and ingenuity - that's what brings victory to the heroes of fairy tales. In a fairy tale, good always triumphs over evil, this is how people's eternal dream of a more perfect, just world is expressed in them.
When and how did fairy tales appear?
Their origin dates back to ancient times, to a primitive society dominated by myths. Feeling their powerlessness in the face of the powerful forces of nature, people sought to explain in their own way the causes of such natural phenomena as rain, thunder and lightning, as a manifestation of higher supernatural forces. Gradually, with the development of human society, when myths began to lose their former significance, fairy tales began to grow out of them. Fairytale fiction is a kind of reflection of real life. Changing over the centuries, fairy tales have absorbed the originality and color of various historical eras.
According to the content of the tale, there are three main types: tales about animals, fairy tales and everyday tales.
Animal Tales
Tales about animals are the most ancient representatives of this genre. Their main characters are various domestic and wild animals, birds and other living creatures. Ancient people believed that animals also had human feelings and qualities, which were credited with the ability to speak and think, like themselves. In such fairy tales, special properties and roles were attributed to different animals: a horse is always a hardworking, faithful assistant to a person, a goat is resourceful, a wolf is angry and stupid, a lion is strong, a fox is cunning, a bear has a difficult character. In such fairy tales as "The Sly Fox", "The Naked Wolf", "The King Rooster", as a rule, those animals are depicted that were closer and more familiar to people.
The traditional beginning of such fairy tales is very short and simple: “In ancient, ancient times…”, “Once upon a time…”, “Once…” Such fairy tales are usually built on dialogue and rivalry between heroes (wolf and sheep, man and animals) .
Fairy tales
Fairy tales are the most common and beloved by children and adults from fairy tale genres. They are rich in imagination, captivating, exciting story.
Fairy tales of this type (“White Wolf”, “Tanbatyr”, “Golden Apple”, “Kamyr Batyr”, “Three Doves”, etc.) tell about the adventures of heroes who encounter magical objects, supernatural forces that help them perform incredible feats : defeat evil demons, dragons, descend into the underground and underwater kingdoms in the blink of an eye, cross dark forests and endless oceans, build delightful palaces.
As a rule, such tales begin with special ornate beginnings: “In ancient times, when grandfather and grandmother were not yet born, but we were alone with my father, then an old man lived with an old woman ...” (“Kamyr Batyr”). Fairy tales are built on a similar plot: the future batyr, having matured, sets off to travel the world and experiences many magical adventures. He saves a beautiful princess from the captivity of a diva or a dragon, or, having completed all the difficult tasks of the ruler, marries his daughter and becomes the ruler of the state himself. In all fairy tales, one can find a positive image of a brave, brave and kind hero and a beautiful girl with whom he is in love. To cope with all the difficulties, the hero is helped by magical animals and people with extraordinary qualities, whom the hero himself had previously rescued from trouble. So the fairy tale teaches us mutual assistance, only together, by joining forces, can we cope with the greatest difficulties and hardships and defeat evil.
In fairy tales of different peoples, similar plots and characters are often found. So, the plot of the fairy tale "Kamyr batyr" is also in the fairy tales of the Finno-Ugric peoples, for example, in the Mari fairy tale "Nonchyk batyr". And the evil witch Ubyr from the Tatar tales in the Mari tales is known under the name of Vuverkuva.
One of the many customs of ancient people, reflected in fairy tales, was the custom of initiation - a rite of passage from childhood to adulthood. Its echoes are often found in many fairy tales: young men who reached maturity were collected in special
at home (usually in the thicket of the forest) and prepared for an important test for a long time, revealed to them the secrets and secrets of their tribe, told sacred myths, taught them to perform religious rites. Only a young man who passed all the ritual tests, proved his fearlessness and courage, could be considered an adult man, an equal member of his tribe.
Household fairy tales
Household tales tell about the everyday life of ordinary people. There is no magic, miracles and fantastic heroes in them, real people act in them: a husband, a wife, their own children and stepchildren, a master and a worker.
In such fairy tales as "Shombay", "Greedy and generous", "Stepdaughter", "Gulchachak", it is said how, thanks to their mind and ingenuity, the main characters can correct obstinate wives or lazy husbands, teach stupid and greedy owners, envious neighbors. They condemn laziness, selfishness, greed, ignorance, envy, rudeness, cruelty and any manifestations of injustice. In such tales, as a rule, ordinary people (peasants, artisans, soldiers) are portrayed with sympathy and sympathy, and their dishonest and rude owners are condemned and ridiculed. Thus, in a fairy-tale form, the people expressed their thirst for justice. These tales are usually very short and full of folk humor.
Folklore works reflect historical memory, life experience and worldly wisdom, good customs and traditions of our people in a peculiar and fascinating form.
MAGIC TALES
9. IVAN SUCHENKO AND BELY POLYANIN
The fairy tale begins from Sivka, from Burka, from Kaurka's things. On the sea, on the ocean, on an island in Buyan, there is a baked bull, crushed onions are next to it. And three fellows walked, went in and had breakfast, and then they go on - they boast, they amuse themselves: “We were, brothers, at such and such a place, we ate more than a village woman of dough!” This is a saying, a fairy tale will come.
In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived a king in a smooth place, as if on a tablecloth, he never had children. A beggar came before him. The king tortures him: “Don’t you know what I have to do so that I have children?” He answers him: “Gather the boys and seven-year-old girls, so that the girls will strain, and the boys will spit nets in one night. With that seine they were ordered to catch golden-finned bream in the sea and let the queen eat it.
Here they caught a golden-finned bream, gave it to the kitchen to fry. The cook cleaned out, washed the bream, threw the intestines to the dog, gave the slop to three mares to drink, she ate the bones herself, and the queen ate the fish. Here they gave birth at once: the queen of the son, and the cook of the son, and the dog of the son, and three mares foaled with three foals. The Tsar gave them all names: Ivan Tsarenko, Ivan Povarenko, and Ivan Suchenko.
They are growing, good fellows, not by the day, not by the hour, but by the minute, they have grown big, and Ivan Suchenko sends Ivan Tsarevich to the tsar: “Go ask the tsar to let us saddle those three horses that the mares brought, and go take a walk around the city." The king allowed. They saddled their horses, rode out of the city and began to say among themselves: “Why should we live at the father’s with the king, it’s better to go to foreign lands!” So they bought iron, made themselves a mace - each mace was nine pounds, and drove the horses.
A little later, Ivan Suchenko says: “How can we, brothers, keep the path when we have neither an elder nor a younger? We must do this so that we have an older brother. Tsarenko says that my father made me senior, and Suchenko - his own, that you need to try strength - to throw in the direction of the arrow. They throw arrows one after another, first Tsarenko Ivan, after Tsarenko - Povarenka, after Povarenok - Suchenko. They don’t go far, not close - Tsarenkova’s arrow is already lying, Povarenkova’s arrow fell a little further away, and Suchenkova is nowhere to be seen! They all go forward and forward - and they stopped at distant lands in the thirtieth kingdom, in another state - already there lies Suchenkov's arrow.
Here they decided: Tsarenko would be the younger brother, Povarenko the eldest, and Suchenko the eldest, and set off again on the road. They look - the steppe spreads out in front of them, on that steppe a tent is pitched, a horse stands by the tent, eats fervent wheat, drinks well-fed honey. Sends Ivan Tsarevich Suchenko: “Go and find out: who is in the tent?” Here Tsarenko comes into the tent, and there Bely Polyanin lies on the bed. And Bely Polyanin hit him on the forehead with his little finger - Tsarenko fell, he took him and threw him under the bed. Sends Ivan Povarenka to Suchenko. Bely Polyanin hit him on the forehead with his little finger and threw him under the bed. Suchenko waited, waited, did not wait. He runs there himself, as he hits Bely Polyanin once - he and his eyes under his forehead! After he carried him out of the tent, a fresh breeze smelled, Bely Polyanin came to life and asked: “Don’t kill me, take me for the smallest brother!” Ivan Suchenko pardoned him.
So all four brothers saddled their horses and rode through the forests and groves. How long, how short, they drove - in front of them is a two-story house under a golden roof. We went into this house - everywhere is clean, everywhere is cleaned, drinks, snacks are plenty stocked, but there are no living people. We thought and thought and decided to live here for the time being - to while away the days. In the morning, three brothers went hunting, and Ivan Tsarevich was left at home to look after the household. He boiled, roasted all sorts of things for dinner, sat on a bench and smoked a pipe. Suddenly, an old grandfather rides in a mortar, props himself up with a pusher, a coveta for seven fathoms of a litas, and asks for alms. Tsarenko gives him whole bread, the grandfather doesn’t take it for bread, he takes it, with a hook and in a mortar, just talk, took off the skin to the very shoulders, rubbed it with a lap and threw it under the floor ... The brothers returned from hunting, they ask Tsarenko: “No one you were not there?" - “I didn’t see anyone, did you whom?” - "No, and we did not see!"
The next day, Ivan Povarenko stayed at home, and they went hunting. He cooked dinner, sat down on a bench and smokes a pipe - even grandfather rides in a mortar, props himself up with a pusher, under him a coveta seven fathoms of litas, and asks for alms. Povarenka gives him a bun, he does not for the bun, but for it, with a hook and in a mortar, really, he took off the skin to the very shoulders, rubbed it with the genitals and threw it under the floor ... The brothers arrived from the hunt: “Did you see anyone? » - "No, no one, and you?" - "So are we!"
On the third day Bely Polyanin stayed at home. He cooked dinner, sat down on a bench and smokes a pipe - even grandfather rides in a mortar, props himself up with a pusher, under him a coveta seven fathoms of litas, and asks for alms. White Polyanin gives him a bun, he does not for the bun, but for it, with a hook and in a mortar, really, he took off the skin to the very shoulders, rubbed it with a lap and threw it under the floor ... The brothers arrived from hunting: “Did you see anyone? » - "No, no one, and you?" - "So are we!"
On the fourth day, Ivan Suchenko stayed at home. He cooked dinner, sat down on a bench and smoked a pipe - already again the old grandfather was riding in a mortar, propping himself up with a pusher, under him a coveta, seven fathoms of litas, and begging for alms. Suchenko gives him a roll, he is not for the roll, but for him, with a hook and in a mortar - the mortar broke. Ivan Suchenko grabbed his grandfather by the head, dragged him to the willow stump, split the stump in two and stuck the grandfather's beard into the crevice, and he himself into the upper room. Here come his brothers, talking among themselves. “What, brothers, nothing happened to you? - asks Tsarenko. - And my shirt is completely dry to the body! - “Well, we got it! You can't touch the back. Damned grandfather! It’s true, he ripped off Suchenka too.” We arrived home: “What, Ivan Suchenko, didn’t you have anyone?” - “There was one nakhaba, so I asked him in my own way!” - "What did you do to him?" - "The stump split and planted a beard." - "Let's go see!" They came to look at the grandfather, and he was gone! As he fell into a vise, he began to fight, to tear, and yet he turned out the whole stump by the roots and took it with him to the other world, and from the other world he came to his house under a golden roof.
The brothers followed in his footsteps, walked and walked - there was a mountain: in that mountain there was a hole, they took it, opened it, tied a stone to a rope and lowered it into a hole. As they got the bottom with a stone, they pulled it back and tied Ivan Suchenko to the rope. Suchenko says: “In three days, when I shake the rope, now pull me out!” Here they lowered him into that world. He remembered about the princesses who stole three snakes into the next world: “I’ll go and joke with them!”
Walk-walk - there is a two-story house, a girl came out of there: “What, Russian man, are you walking near our yard?” - “And what kind of demand are you? Give me water in advance - wash my eyes, feed me, drink, and then ask. She brought him water, fed him, gave him drink, and took him to the princess. "Hello beautiful princess!" - “Hello, good fellow! What came in here? - "For you, I want to fight with your husband." “Oh, you won’t take me away! My husband is hefty strong, with six heads!” - “I’m with one, but I’ll fight, how God will help me!”
The princess hid him behind the door - a kite is already flying. "Fu, Russian bone stink!" - “You, my dear, flew in Rus', plowed a Russian bone!” - says the princess, gives him dinner, and she sighed heavily. “What, dove, are you sighing so heavily?” - “How can I not sigh! The fourth year after you, I did not see either my father or mother. Well, if one of my relatives came here, what would you do to him? - "What did you do? I would drink and walk with him.
Ivan Suchenko comes out for those speeches from behind the doors. “Ah, Suchenko! Hello, why did you come: fight or put up? - "Let's fight! Blow dot! The serpent blew - he had a cast-iron point with silver rims, and Suchenko blew - he had a silver one with gold rims .. He hit the serpent once and killed him to death, burned it into ashes, let it pass into the wind. The princess gave him a ring, he took it and went on.
Shel-walked - again a two-story house. A girl came out to meet him and asked: “Why are you, a Russian man, walking near our yard?” - “And what kind of demand are you? Give me water in advance - wash my eyes, feed, drink, and then ask! So she brought him water, fed him, gave him a drink and escorted him to the princess. "What did you come for?" - says the princess. "For you, I want to fight with your husband." - “Where are you going to fight with my husband! My husband is hefty strong, with nine heads!” - “I’m with one, but I’ll fight with him, how God will help me!”
The princess hid the guest behind the door - the serpent is already flying. “Fu, how Russian bone stinks!” - “It was you who flew around Rus', plowed a Russian bone!” - says the princess. She began to serve dinner and sighed heavily. "What are you sighing, my dear?" “How can I not sigh when I don’t see my father or mother. What would you do if one of my relatives came here? - "I would drink and walk with him."
Ivan Suchenko comes out from behind the doors. “Ah, Suchenko! Hello, - says the serpent. - Why did you come here: fight or put up? - "Let's fight! Blow dot! The serpent blew - he had a cast-iron point with silver rims, and Ivan Suchenko blew - he had a silver one with gold rims. He struck the serpent and killed it to death, burned it into ashes, let it fly into the wind. The princess gave him a ring, he took it and went on.
Walk-walk again the same house with two floors. A girl came out to meet her: “Why, Russian man, are you walking near our yard?” - “Give me water first - rinse your eyes, feed, drink, and then ask!” She brought him water, fed him, gave him drink, and escorted him to the princess. “Hello, Ivan Suchenko! Why did you come? - "Follow you, I want to take you away from the snake." - “Where can you take it! My husband is hefty strong, with twelve heads!” - “I’m with one, but I’ll fight him, if God helps!”
He enters the upper room, and there the twelve-headed serpent sleeps: as the serpent sighs, so the whole ceiling comes in with a jolt! And his forty-pound mace is in the corner. Ivan Suchenko put his mace in the corner, and took the serpent. He swung it like a snake would hit - a rumble went around the yard! Roof off the house! Ivan Suchenko killed the twelve-headed serpent, burnt it into ashes, let it fly into the wind. The princess gives him a ring and says: “We will live with me!” And he calls her with him. "How can I give up my wealth?" She took her wealth, turned it into a golden egg and gave it to Ivan Suchenko, he put that egg in his pocket and went with her back to her sisters. The eldest princess turned her wealth into a silver egg, and the smallest into a copper one, and they gave it to him.
The four of them come to the hole. Ivan Suchenko tied the lesser princess and shook the rope. “As you,” he says, “are pulled upstairs, then call: Tsarenko! He will answer: ha! And you say: I'm yours! Then he tied another princess and shook the rope again so that they would pull it up: “When they pull you out, then call: Povarenko! He will answer: ha! And you say: I'm yours! He began to tie the third princess to the rope and said to her: “When they pull you out, you will be silent - you will be mine!” They pulled out this princess, she is silent. Here Bely Polyanin got angry and, as they began to pull Ivan Suchenko, he took it and cut the rope.
Suchenko fell, got up and went to the old grandfather. His grandfather is torturing him: “Why did you come?” - "Fight!" We started to fight. They fought, fought, got tired and rushed to the water. Grandfather made a mistake, gave Suchenok strong water to drink, and he himself drank plain water. Ivan Suchenko began to master. Grandfather tells him: “Don't kill me! Take flint, flint and three kinds of wool in the cellar - it will come in handy in trouble. Ivan Suchenko took flint, flint and three grades of wool.
He knocked out the fire and burned the gray wool - a gray horse runs up to him, shmats fly from under the hooves, steam bursts from his mouth, a column of smoke from his ears. “How much time does it take before you take me to the next world?” - “And as much as people need to cook dinner!” Suchenko burnt black wool - a black horse runs, shmats fly from under the hooves, steam radiates from the mouth, smoke pours from the ears. “Will you soon carry me to the next world?” “People won’t have time to eat!” He burnt red wool - a red horse runs, shmats fly from under the hooves, steam radiates from the mouth, smoke pours from the ears. “Will you soon take me to the next world? - “You won’t have time to spit!” He sat on that horse and found himself on his own land.
Comes to the goldsmith. “I,” he says, “will be your assistant!” The lesser princess orders the goldsmith: “Make me a gold ring for the wedding!” He took up that job, and Ivan Suchenko said: "Wait, I'll make you a ring, and you give me a bag of nuts." The goldsmith brought him a bag of nuts. Ivan Suchenko ate the nuts, smashed the gold with a hammer, took out the princess's ring, cleaned it and gave it to the owner. The princess comes on Saturday for the ring, looked. “Oh, what a beautiful ring! I gave this to Ivan Suchenko, but he is not in this world! And he asks the goldsmith to attend his wedding.
The next day, the goldsmith went to the wedding, but Ivan Suchenko stayed at home, burned his gray wool - a gray horse runs before him. "What are you asking me for?" - “It is necessary to break the pipe at the wedding house!” - "Sit on me, look into my left ear, look into my right!" He looked into his left ear, and looked out into his right - and he became such a fine fellow that he could not speak in a fairy tale or write with a pen. I jumped and removed the pipe from the house, then everyone screamed, got scared, the wedding parted.
Another princess brought gold and asks to make a ring. Ivan Suchenko says to the goldsmith: "Give me two bags of nuts, I'll make you a ring." - "Well? Do It". Suchenko ate the nuts, smashed the gold with a hammer, took out the princess's ring, cleaned it and gave it away. The princess saw the ring: “Oh, how glorious! I gave exactly this to Ivan Suchenko, but now he is no longer in this world! She took the ring and invites the goldsmith to the wedding.
He went to the wedding, and Ivan Suchenko burned black wool - a black horse is running. "What do you require of me?" - "We must tear the roof off the wedding house." - "Sit on me, look at my left ear, look at my right!" He looked into his left ear, looked into his right - well done! The horse carried him so fast that he tore the roof off the house. Everyone screamed, began to shoot at the horse, but they didn’t hit. The wedding is over again.
So the eldest princess asks to make a ring for her. “I didn’t want to marry Bely Polyanin,” she says, “yes, apparently, God judged so!” Ivan Suchenko says to the goldsmith: "Give me three bags of nuts, I'll make you a ring." Again he ate nuts, broke the gold with a hammer, took out the princess's ring, cleaned it and gave it away. On Saturday, the princess comes for the ring, looked: “Oh, what a glorious ring! My God! Where did you get this ring? I gave it exactly like this to the one I loved.” And he asks the goldsmith: “Come tomorrow to my wedding!”
The next day, the goldsmith went to the wedding, but Ivan Suchenko stayed at home, burned the red wool - a red horse was running. "What do you require of me?" - “Carry me as you like, if only we could go forward - tear off the ceiling on the wedding house, and go back - take Bely Polyanin by the forelock!” - “Sit on me, look into my left ear, look into my right!” The red horse carried him very, very fast.
Going there - Suchenko removed the ceiling from the house, and going back - grabbed Bely Polyanin by the forelock, rose high up and threw him to the ground: white Polyanin broke into pieces. And Ivan Suchenko sank down, hugged, kissed his bride. Ivan Tsarevich and Povarenko were delighted with him. All of them married beautiful princesses and began to live together richly and happily.
The saying "From the sivka, from the cloak, from the things of the kaurka ..." begins a whole series of Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian fairy tales. The tale belongs to the type of plots about snake fighting on the bridge (here - toku), for which the motives of the miraculous birth of the queen, the cook and the dog from the eaten gold-finned fish of three heroes, the competition of brothers-bogatyrs and the choice of the elder are traditional.
In most East Slavic tales of this type, the hero is the son of a dog, and in many, the son of a mare or cow. The names-nicknames of the main characters are typical for Ukrainian fairy tales about snake fighting. The episode of the meeting, duel and fraternization of the hero with Bely Polyanin is also found in other fairy tales about the hero who enters the next world. Also characteristic in the tale are episodes of a clash of heroes with a demonic bearded old man. In this tale, with some attributes, he resembles Baba Yaga: just like her, he rides in a mortar, props himself up with a pusher, gives the hero wonderful horses. Most often, in fairy tales about the underground kingdoms, the hero is carried out into the world not by a wonderful horse, but by a huge bird. There are peculiar details in the episodes of Ivan Suchenko's service with the goldsmith and the reprisals against Bely Polyanin, the imaginary savior of the princesses.
10. THE FROG PRINCESS
In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived and was a king with a queen; he had three sons - all young, single, such daredevils that they can neither tell in a fairy tale nor write with a pen; the youngest was named Ivan Tsarevich. The king says to them this word: “My dear children, take an arrow for yourself, pull tight bows and let them go in different directions; on whose yard the arrow falls, marry there.” The older brother fired an arrow - it fell on the boyar yard, right against the maiden's tower; let the middle brother - an arrow flew to the merchant in the yard and stopped at the red porch, and let the younger brother - an arrow hit a dirty swamp, and a frog frog picked it up. Ivan Tsarevich says: “How can I take a frog for myself? Quakusha is no match for me!” - “Take it! - the king answers him. “Know that this is your fate.”
Here the princes got married: the eldest on a hawthorn tree, the middle one on a merchant's daughter, and Ivan Tsarevich on a frog. The king calls them and orders: "So that your wives bake me soft white bread for tomorrow."
Ivan Tsarevich returned to his chambers, unhappy, hanging his head below his shoulders. “Kva-kva, Ivan Tsarevich! Why did he become so twisted? the frog asks him. “Al heard an unpleasant word from his father?” - “How can I not be twisted? My sovereign father ordered you to make soft white bread by tomorrow. “Don’t grieve, prince! Go to sleep, rest; The morning is wiser than the evening!" She put the prince to sleep and threw off her frog skin - and turned into a girl-soul, Vasilisa the Wise; went out onto the red porch and shouted in a loud voice: “Nannies! Gather, equip, prepare soft white bread, which I ate, ate at my dear father.
The next morning, Ivan Tsarevich woke up, the frog's bread had been ready for a long time - and so glorious that you can’t think of it, you can’t imagine it, you can only say it in a fairy tale! The bread is decorated with various tricks, royal cities and with outposts are visible on the sides. The tsar thanked Ivan Tsarevich on that bread and immediately gave the order to his three sons: “So that your wives weave me a carpet in a single night.” Tsarevich Ivan returned, unhappy, hanging his head below his shoulders. “Kva-kva, Ivan Tsarevich! Why did he become so twisted? Al heard from his father a cruel, unpleasant word? - “How can I not be twisted? My sovereign, father, ordered to weave a silk carpet for him in a single night. “Don’t grieve, prince! Go to sleep, rest; The morning is wiser than the evening!" She put him to bed, and she herself threw off the frog skin and turned into a girl-soul, Vasilisa the Wise; went out onto the red porch and shouted in a loud voice: “Nannies! Get ready, get ready to weave a silk carpet - so that it is like the one on which I sat with my dear father!
As said, so done. The next morning Ivan Tsarevich woke up, the frog had a carpet ready for a long time - and so wonderful that you can’t think of it, you can’t imagine it, except in a fairy tale. The carpet is decorated with gold-silver, cunning patterns. The tsar thanked Ivan Tsarevich on that carpet and immediately gave a new order for all three princes to come to him for a review along with their wives. Again Tsarevich Ivan returned, unhappy, hanging his head below his shoulders. “Kva-kva, Ivan Tsarevich! Why are you twisting? Did Ali hear an unfriendly word from his father? - “How can I not be twisted? My sovereign father ordered that I come with you to the review; How can I show you to people! “Don’t grieve, prince! Go alone to visit the king, and I will follow you, when you hear a knock and thunder - say: this is my frog in a box.
Here the older brothers came to the review with their wives, dressed up, undressed; they stand and laugh at Ivan Tsarevich: “Why, brother, did you come without a wife? At least bring it in a handkerchief! Where did you find this beauty? Tea, all the swamps came out? Suddenly there was a great knock and thunder - the whole palace shook; the guests were very frightened, jumped up from their seats and did not know what to do; and Ivan Tsarevich says: “Do not be afraid, gentlemen! This is my frog in a box arrived. A gilded carriage flew up to the royal porch, harnessed to six horses, and Vasilisa the Wise comes out of there - such a beauty that you can’t think of it, you can’t imagine it, you can only tell in a fairy tale! She took Ivan Tsarevich by the hand and led him to the oak tables, to the linen tablecloths.
The guests began to eat, drink, have fun; Vasilisa the Wise drank from the glass and poured out the last of her left sleeve; she ate a swan and hid the bones behind her right sleeve. The wives of the senior princes saw her tricks, let's do the same for ourselves. After Vasilisa the Wise went to dance with Ivan Tsarevich, she waved her left hand - a lake became, waved her right hand - and white swans swam on the water; the king and guests were amazed. And the older daughters-in-law went to dance, waved their left hands - they splashed the guests, waved their right ones - the bone hit the king right in the eye! The king got angry and sent them away dishonestly.
Meanwhile, Ivan Tsarevich seized a moment, ran home, found a frog skin and burned it on a big fire. Vasilisa the Wise arrives; What have you done? If you had waited a little, I would have been yours forever; and now goodbye! Look for me beyond distant lands, in the distant kingdom - at Koshchei the Immortal. She turned into a white swan and flew out the window.
Ivan Tsarevich wept bitterly, prayed to God in all four directions, and went wherever his eyes looked. Whether he was walking close, far, long, short, an old old man came across to meet him: “Hello,” he says, “good fellow! What are you looking for, where are you going? The prince told him his misfortune. “Oh, Ivan Tsarevich! Why did you burn the frog's skin? You didn’t put it on, it wasn’t for you to take it off! Vasilisa the Wise was born more cunning, wiser than her father; he was angry with her for that and ordered her to be a frog for three years. Here is a ball for you; wherever he rolls - follow him boldly.
Ivan Tsarevich thanked the old man and went to fetch the ball. He walks through an open field, he comes across a bear. “Give,” he says, “I will kill the beast!” And the bear proclaimed to him: “Do not beat me, Ivan Tsarevich! Someday I'll be nice to you." He goes on, looking, - and a drake flies over him; The prince took aim with his gun, was about to shoot the bird, when suddenly it proclaimed in a human voice: “Do not beat me, Ivan Tsarevich! I'll be nice to you." He took pity and moved on. A slanting hare runs; the prince again took aim, and the hare proclaimed to him in a human voice: “Do not hit me, Ivan Tsarevich! I'll be nice to you." Ivan Tsarevich took pity and went on - to the blue sea, he sees - a pike-fish lies on the sand, dies. “Ah, Ivan Tsarevich,” proclaimed the pike, “have pity on me, let me into the sea.” He threw her into the sea and went along the shore.
How long, how short - rolled a ball to the hut; there is a hut on chicken legs, turning around. Ivan Tsarevich says: “The hut, the hut! Stand in the old way, as your mother put - to me in front, and to the sea with your back. The hut turned its back to the sea, its front to it. The prince went into it and sees: on the stove, on the ninth brick, Baba Yaga lies a bone leg, her nose has grown into the ceiling, snot hangs over the threshold, her tits are wrapped on a hook, she sharpens her teeth. “Goy thou, good fellow! Why did you complain to me?" - Baba Yaga asks Ivan Tsarevich. "Oh, you old bastard! Before me, a good fellow, you would have fed and watered me, evaporated in the bathhouse, and then you would have asked.
Baba Yaga fed him, gave him drink, and evaporated him in the bath; and the prince told her that he was looking for his wife Vasilisa the Wise. “Ah, I know! Baba Yaga said. - She is now with Koshchei the Deathless; it is difficult to get it, it is not easy to cope with Koshchei; kill him at the end of a needle, that needle is in an egg, that egg is in a duck, that duck is in a hare, that hare is in a chest, and the chest stands on a tall oak, and that Koschey tree protects like its own eye.
Yaga pointed out where this oak grows; Ivan Tsarevich came there and did not know what to do, how to get the chest? Suddenly, it didn’t come from anywhere - a bear came running and uprooted the tree; the chest fell and shattered to pieces, a hare ran out of the chest and took off with might and main; lo and behold, another hare was chasing him, overtook him, grabbed him and tore him to shreds. A duck flew out of the hare and rose high, high; flies, and the drake rushed after her, as soon as it hit her - the duck immediately dropped the egg, and that egg fell into the sea. Ivan Tsarevich, seeing the inevitable misfortune, burst into tears; suddenly a pike swims up to the shore and holds an egg in its teeth; he took that egg, broke it, took out the needle and broke off the tip: no matter how much Koschey fought, no matter how much he rushed about in all directions, but he had to die! Ivan Tsarevich went to Koshchei's house, took Vasilisa the Wise and returned home. After that they lived together and happily ever after.
11. SIVKO-BURKO
Once upon a time there was an old man; he had three sons, the third, from Ivan the Fool, did nothing, only sat on the stove in the corner and blew his nose. The father began to die and said: “Children! As soon as I die, you each in turn go to my grave to sleep for three nights, ”and he died. The old man was buried. Night comes; big brother needs to spend the night at the grave, and he is somehow lazy, afraid of something, he says to his little brother: “Ivan the fool! Go to your father's grave, spend the night for me. You're not doing anything!"
Ivan the Fool got ready, came to the grave, lies; at midnight, the grave suddenly parted, the old man comes out and asks: “Why didn’t your son come?” - "And he sent me, father!" - "Well, your happiness!" The old man whistled and shouted with a heroic whistle: “Sivko-burko, prophetic funnel!” Sivko runs, only the earth trembles, sparks pour from his eyes, a pillar of smoke from his nostrils. “Here, my son, is a good horse; and you, horse, serve him as you served me. The old man said this, lay down in the grave.
Ivan the Fool stroked, caressed Sivk and let him go, he went home. At home, the brothers ask: “What, Ivan the Fool, did you spend the night okay?” - "Very well, brothers!" Another night is coming. The middle brother also does not go to spend the night at the grave and says: “Ivan the Fool! Go to the grave to the priest, spend the night for me too. Ivan the Fool, without saying a word, got ready and drove off, came to the grave, lay down, and waited for midnight. At midnight, the grave also opened, the father came out and asked: “Are you the middle son?” - “No,” says Ivan the Fool, “I’m back again, father!”
The old man shouted in a heroic voice, whistled with a valiant whistle: "Sivko-burko, prophetic funnel!" Burko runs, only the earth trembles, flames burst from his eyes, and a column of smoke from his nostrils. “Well, Burko, as you served me, so serve my son. Get up now!” Burko ran away; the old man lay down in the grave, and Ivan the Fool went home. The brothers again ask: “What is it like, Ivan the Fool, spent the night?” - "Very, brothers, okay!"
On the third night, Ivan's turn; he does not wait along, packed up and went. Lies on the grave; at midnight the old man came out again, he already knew that Ivan the Fool was here, shouted in a heroic voice, whistled with a valiant whistle: “Sivko-burko, prophetic funnel!” The funnel runs, only the earth trembles, flames blaze from the eyes, and smoke from the nostrils. "Well, funnel, as you served me, so serve my son." The old man said this, said goodbye to Ivan the Fool, lay down in the grave. Ivan the Fool stroked the funnel, looked and let go, he went home. The brothers again ask: “What is it like, Ivan the Fool, spent the night?” - "Very well, brothers!"
live; two brothers work, but Ivan the Fool does nothing. Suddenly, a cry from the king: if someone tears the portrait of the princess from the house through a lot of logs, he will give her in marriage. The brothers are going to see who will tear down the portrait. Ivan the Fool sits on the stove at the chimney and beats: “Brothers! Give me some horse, I'll go and have a look." - "E! the brothers attacked him. - Sit, fool, on the stove; what are you going to? Make people laugh!” No, there is no retreat from Ivan the Fool! The brothers could not fight back: “Well, you, you fool, get out the three-legged mare!”
They themselves left. Ivan the Fool followed them into an open field, into a wide expanse; got down from the filly, took it, slaughtered it, took off the skin, hung it on a livestock, and threw the meat away; he himself whistled with a valiant whistle, shouted in a heroic voice: “Sivko-burko, prophetic funnel!” Sivko runs, only the earth trembles, flames burst from his eyes, and smoke from his nostrils. Ivan the Fool climbed into one ear - got drunk and ate, crawled out into the other - dressed, he became such a fine fellow that even his brothers would not recognize! I sat down on the Sivka and went to pluck the portrait.
The people were visible and invisible here; they saw the young man, everyone began to look. Ivan the Fool caught up on a grand scale, his horse jumped, and the portrait did not get only through three logs. They saw where they came from, but did not see where they left! He let go of his horse, came home himself, sat down on the stove. Suddenly, the brothers come and say to their wives: “Well, wives, what a fine fellow came, so we have never seen such a thing! The portrait did not get only through three logs. We saw where he came from; did not see where he went. He will come again ... "Ivan the Fool sits on the stove and says:" Brothers, wasn't I here? “Where the hell are you going! Sit, fool, on the stove and wipe your nose.
Time is running. From the king the same cry. The brothers began to gather again, and Ivan the Fool said: "Brothers, give me some kind of horse." They answer: “Sit, you fool, at home! You will transfer another horse!” No, they could not fight back, they ordered to take the lame mare again. Ivan the Fool managed that too, stabbed it, hung the skin on the cattle, and threw the meat away; he himself whistled with a valiant whistle, shouted in a heroic voice: “Sivko-burko, prophetic funnel!”
Burko runs, only the earth trembles, flames burst from his eyes, and a column of smoke from his nostrils. Ivan the Fool climbed into his right ear - got dressed, jumped out into his left - he became a fine fellow, jumped off a horse, rode; the portrait did not get only for two logs. They saw where they came from, but did not see where they left! Burka let go, and he himself went home, sat down on the stove, and waited for the brothers. The brothers arrived and said: “Women! The same fellow came again, but did not get the portrait for only two logs. Ivan the Fool and says to them: “Brothers, wasn’t I here?” - "Sit down, fool! Where the hell was!
After a while, the king called again. The brothers began to gather, and Ivan the Fool asked: “Give me, brothers, some horse; I'll go and see." - “Sit, fool, at home! How long will you take horses with us?” No, they could not fight back, they fought, fought, they ordered to take a thin filly; left on their own. Ivan the Fool managed that one too, stabbed to death, abandoned it; he himself whistled with a valiant whistle, shouted in a heroic voice: “Sivko-burko, prophetic funnel!” The funnel runs, only the earth trembles, flames blaze from the eyes, and smoke from the nostrils.
Ivan the Fool climbed into one ear - got drunk and ate, got out into the other - dressed well, got on his horse and rode. As soon as I reached the royal palaces, I tore off the portrait and fly. They saw where they came from, but did not see where they left! He also let go of the funnel, went home, sat on the stove, waiting for the brothers. The brothers arrived, they say: "Well, hostesses, The same fellow, as he caught up today, so the portrait was torn off." Ivan the Fool is sitting at the pipe and singing: “Brothers, wasn’t I here?” - "Sit down, fool! Where the hell have you been!”
After a little while, the tsar held a ball, convenes all the boyars, governor, princes, duma, senators, merchants, philistines and peasants. And the Ivanov brothers went; Ivan the Fool did not lag behind, sat down somewhere on the stove by the chimney, staring, his mouth gaping. The princess treats the guests, brings beer to everyone and looks to see if anyone wipes himself with his fly? - that her and the groom. Only no one was wiped; but I didn’t see Ivan the Fool, I walked around. The guests dispersed. The next day the king made another ball; again, they did not find the culprit, who tore off his fly.
On the third day, the princess also began to bring beer from her hands to the guests; went around everyone, no one wiped his fly. “What is it,” she thinks to herself, “my betrothed is not here!” She looked behind the pipe and saw Ivan the Fool there; his dress is thin, covered in soot, his hair on end. She poured a glass of beer, brings it to him, and the brothers look, and they think: the princess brings beer to a fool! Ivan the Fool drank, and wiped himself with his fly. The princess was delighted, took him by the hand, led him to her father and said: “Father! Here is my fiancé." The brethren here were cut right through the heart with a knife, they think: “What is this princess! Haven't you lost your mind? The fool leads to constriction. The conversations here are short: a cheerful feast and for a wedding. Our Ivan here was not Ivan the fool and Ivan the king's son-in-law; recovered, cleansed, well done, well done, people did not recognize! It was then that the brothers learned what it meant to go to sleep at their father's grave.
12. THE SEA KING AND VASILISSA THE WISE
Far away, in a distant state, there lived a king and a queen, they had no children. The king traveled to foreign lands, to distant lands, and did not go home for a long time. At that time, the queen bore him a son, Ivan Tsarevich, and the king does not know about that. He began to keep his way to his state, began to drive up to his land, but the day was hot, hot, the sun was so hot! And a great thirst fell upon him, whatever to give, if only to drink water! He looked around and saw a large lake nearby. I rode up to the lake, got off the horse, lay down on my belly and let's swallow the icy water. He drinks and does not smell trouble, and the king of the sea grabbed him by the beard. "Let go!" - asks the king. - “I won’t let you in, don’t you dare drink without my knowledge!” - "Whatever you want, take a ransom - just let go!" “Give me something you don’t know at home.” The king thought and thought - what does he not know at home? It seems that he knows everything, he knows everything, - and he agreed. I tried - no one holds a beard, got up from the ground, mounted a horse and rode home.
Here he comes home, the queen meets him with the prince, so joyful, and as soon as he found out about his dear brainchild, he burst into bitter tears. He told the queen how and what had happened to him, they cried together, but there was nothing to do, tears couldn’t improve things. They began to live in the old way, and the prince grows for himself and grows, like dough on dough - not by the day but by the hour, and he grew big. “No matter how much you keep with you,” the tsar thinks, “but you have to give it back: it’s inevitable!” He took Ivan Tsarevich by the hand and led him straight to the lake. “Look here,” he says, “my ring, I accidentally dropped it yesterday.” He left one prince, and he turned home.
The prince began to look for a ring, he was walking along the shore, and an old woman came across to meet him. "Where are you going, Ivan Tsarevich?" - “Get off, don’t bother, old witch! And it's a shame without you." - "Well, stay with God!" And the old woman went to the side. And Ivan Tsarevich thought about it: “Why did I scold the old woman? Let me turn it around, old people are cunning and quick-witted! Perhaps he will say something good. ” And he began to turn over the old woman: “Come back, grandmother, forgive my stupid word! After all, I said out of annoyance: my father made me look for a ring, I go and look, but there is no ring! - "You are not here for a ring, your father gave you to the sea king: the sea king will come out and take you with him to the underwater kingdom."
The prince wept bitterly. “Do not grieve, Ivan Tsarevich! There will be a holiday on your street, just listen to me old women. Hide behind that currant bush and hide quietly. Twelve pigeons will fly here - all red maidens, and after them the thirteenth. They will begin to swim in the lake, and in the meantime you take away the shirt from the last one and do not give it back until she gives you her little ring. If you fail to do this, you are lost forever: the sea king around the whole palace has a high palisade, for as many as ten miles, and on each spoke a head is stuck, only one empty one, do not please get on it! Ivan Tsarevich thanked the old woman, hid behind a currant bush and waited for the time.
Suddenly, twelve pigeons fly in, hit the damp ground and turned into red maidens, all to a single beauty inexpressible: not to think, not to guess, not to write with a pen! They threw off their dresses and set off into the lake: they play, splash, laugh, sing songs. Following them, the thirteenth dove flew in, hit the damp ground, turned into a red maiden, threw off her shirt from her white body and went to swim, and she was prettier than all, more beautiful than all! For a long time Ivan Tsarevich could not take his eyes away, looked at her for a long time and remembered what the old woman had told him, crept quietly and took away the shirt.
A red-haired girl came out of the water, missed - there was no shirt, someone took it away. Everyone rushed to look, searched, searched - not to be seen anywhere. “Do not look, dear sisters! Fly home, it’s my own fault - I didn’t watch it, I’ll answer myself. ” Sisters - red maidens hit the damp ground, became doves, flapped their wings and flew away. Only one girl remained, looked around and said: “Whoever it is, who has my shirt, come out here. If you are an old man, you will be my dear father, if you are middle-aged, you will be my beloved brother, if you are equal to me, you will be a dear friend! As soon as she said the last word, Ivan Tsarevich appeared. She gave him a golden ring and said: “Ah, Ivan Tsarevich! Why haven't you come for a long time? The sea king is angry with you. Here is the road that leads to the underwater kingdom, go boldly along it. There you will find me, because I am the daughter of the sea king, Vasilisa the Wise.
Vasilisa the Wise turned into a dove and flew away from the prince. And Ivan Tsarevich went to the underwater kingdom. He sees, and there the light is the same as ours: and there are fields, and meadows, and green groves, and the sun warms. He comes to the sea king. The sea king shouted at him: “Why haven’t you been for so long? For your guilt, here is your service: I have a wasteland thirty miles long and across - only ditches, gullies and sharp stones! So that by tomorrow it would be smooth as a palm there, and the rye would be sown, and by early morning it would grow so high that a jackdaw could be buried in it. If you don’t do that, your head is off your shoulders!”
Ivan Tsarevich comes from the sea king, he is shedding tears. Vasilisa the Wise saw him through the window from her tall tower and asked: “Hello, Ivan Tsarevich! Why are you shedding tears?" “How can I not cry? - answers the prince. “The king of the sea made me level ditches, gullies and sharp stones in one night and sow rye, so that by morning it would grow and a jackdaw could hide in it.” - “It's not a problem, there will be trouble ahead. Go to bed with God, the morning is wiser than the evening, everything will be ready!” Ivan Tsarevich went to bed, and Vasilisa the Wise went out onto the porch and shouted in a loud voice: “Hey you, my faithful servants! Level deep ditches, demolish sharp stones, sow spiked rye, so that it will ripen by morning.
Ivan Tsarevich woke up at dawn, looked - everything was ready. There are no ditches, no gullies, there is a field as smooth as a palm, and rye flaunts on it - so high that a jackdaw will be buried. I went to the sea king with a report. “Thank you,” says the sea king, “that you managed to serve. Here's another job for you: I have three hundred stacks, in each stack there are three hundred kopecks - all white wheat. By tomorrow, thresh for me all the wheat, clean and clean, to a single grain, but do not break the stacks and do not break the sheaves. If you don’t, your head is off your shoulders!” - "I'm listening, your majesty!" - said Ivan Tsarevich. Again he walks around the yard and sheds tears. "What are you crying about?" Vasilisa the Wise asks him. “How can I not cry? The king of the sea ordered me to thresh all the stacks in one night, not to drop the grain, but not to break the stacks and not to break the sheaves. - “It's not a problem, the trouble is ahead! Go to bed with God, the morning is wiser than the evening.
The prince went to bed, and Vasilisa the Wise went out onto the porch and shouted in a loud voice: “Hey, you creeping ants! No matter how many of you there are in the world - all crawl here and pick the grain from the father's stacks clean and clean. In the morning, the sea tsar calls Ivan Tsarevich: “Did you serve?” - "Contributed, your majesty!" - "Let's go see." They came to the threshing floor - all the stacks are untouched, they came to the granaries - all the bins are full of grain. “Thank you, brother! - said the sea king. - Make me another church of pure wax, so that it will be ready by dawn, this will be your last service. Again Tsarevich Ivan walks through the yard and washes himself with tears. “What are you crying bitterly about?” Vasilisa the Wise asks him from the high tower. “How can I not cry, good fellow? The sea king ordered to make a church out of pure wax in one night. - “Well, it's not a problem yet, the trouble is ahead. Go to bed, the morning is wiser than the evening."
The prince went to bed, and Vasilisa the Wise went out onto the porch and shouted in a loud voice: “Hey, you hard-working bees! No matter how many of you there are in the world, all fly here and mold the church of God from pure wax, so that it will be ready by morning. In the morning, Ivan Tsarevich got up, looked - there was a church made of pure wax, and went to the sea king with a report. “Thank you, Ivan Tsarevich! What servants I did not have, no one managed to please like you. Therefore, be my heir, protector of the whole kingdom, choose any of my thirteen daughters as your wife. Ivan Tsarevich chose Vasilisa the Wise, they were immediately married and feasted with joy for three whole days.
Neither more nor less time passed, Ivan Tsarevich yearned for his parents, he wanted to go to Holy Rus'. "Why so sad, Ivan Tsarevich?" - "Ah, Vasilisa the Wise, I felt sad for my father, for my mother, I wanted to go to Holy Rus'." “Here comes the trouble! If we leave, there will be a great chase after us, the king of the sea will be angry and put us to death. You have to be smart!" Vasilisa the Wise spat in three corners, locked the doors in her chamber and ran with Ivan the Tsarevich to Holy Rus'.
The next day, messengers from the sea king come early - to raise the young, to call the king to the palace. Knocking on the door: “Wake up, wake up! Father is calling you." - “It's still early, we didn't get enough sleep, come back after!” - one saliva answers. So the messengers left, waited an hour or two and knocked again: “It’s not time to sleep, it’s time to get up!” - “Wait a bit, get up, get dressed!” - answers the second saliva. For the third time, messengers come: “The king of the sea is angry, why do they cool off for so long.” - "Now we will!" - answers the third saliva. The messengers waited and waited, and let's knock again: no response, no response! They broke down the doors, but the tower is empty. They reported to the king that the young people had run away, he became embittered and sent a great chase after them.
And Vasilisa the Wise and Ivan the Tsarevich are already far, far away! They ride greyhound horses without stopping, without rest. “Well, Ivan Tsarevich, crouch down on the damp earth and listen, is there a chase from the sea king?” Ivan Tsarevich jumped off his horse, leaned his ear to the damp earth and said: “I hear people’s talk and a horse’s top” - “They are chasing us!” - said Vasilisa the Wise, and immediately turned the horses into a green meadow, Ivan Tsarevich into an old shepherd, and she herself became a meek sheep.
The chase comes: “Hey, old man! Didn't you see - didn't a good fellow ride here with a red maiden? - “No, good people, I haven’t seen it,” Ivan Tsarevich answers, “for forty years I’ve been grazing in this place - not a single bird has flown by, not a single beast has roamed past!” The chase returned: “Your royal majesty! They didn’t run into anyone on the way, they only saw: the shepherd is grazing a sheep. - “What did you miss? After all, they were!” - shouted the sea king and sent a new pursuit. And Ivan Tsarevich and Vasilisa the Wise have been riding greyhound horses for a long time. “Well, Ivan Tsarevich, crouch down on the damp earth and listen, is there a chase from the sea king?” Ivan Tsarevich got off his horse, put his ear to the damp earth and said: “I hear people’s talk and a horse’s top.” - "They are chasing us!" Vasilisa the Wise said. She herself became a church, turned Ivan Tsarevich into an old priest, horses into trees,
The chase comes: “Hey, father! Didn't you see if a shepherd with a sheep passed here? - “No, good people, I haven’t seen it, I’ve been working in this church for forty years, not a single bird has flown past, not a single beast has roamed past!” The chase turned back: “Your royal majesty! Nowhere did they find a shepherd with a sheep, only on the way they saw that the church and the priest were an old man. - “Why didn’t you break the church, didn’t capture the priest? After all, they were the ones!” - shouted the sea king and he himself galloped in pursuit of Ivan Tsarevich and Vasilisa the Wise. And they have gone far.
Vasilisa the Wise again says: “Ivan Tsarevich, lie down on the damp earth - can you hear the chase?” The prince got down from his horse, leaned his ear to the damp earth and said: “I hear people’s talk and the horse’s top is more than ever.” - "It's the king himself galloping." Vasilisa the Wise turned the horses into a lake, Ivan Tsarevich into a drake, and she herself became a duck. The king of the sea galloped to the lake, immediately guessed who the duck and drake were, hit the damp ground and turned into an eagle. The eagle wants to kill them to death, but it didn’t happen: whatever flies from above ... the drake is about to hit, and the drake dives into the water, it’s about to hit the duck, and the duck dives into the water! He fought and fought, so he could not do anything. The king of the sea galloped to his underwater kingdom, and Vasilisa the Wise and Ivan Tsarevich waited a good time and went to holy Rus'.
How long, how short, they arrived in the thirtieth kingdom. “Wait for me in this forest,” says the prince to Vasilisa the Wise, “I will go and report to my father and mother in advance.” - “You will forget me, Ivan Tsarevich!” - "No, I won't forget." - “No, Ivan Tsarevich, do not say, you will forget! Remember me even when two doves start beating out the window! Ivan Tsarevich came to the palace, his parents saw him, threw themselves on his neck and began to kiss and pardon him. To celebrate, Ivan Tsarevich forgot about Vasilisa the Wise. He lives a day and another with his father, with his mother, and on the third he decided to marry some princess.
Vasilisa the Wise went to the city and hired herself as a worker for a prosvirna. They began to cook prosvirs, she took two pieces of dough, molded a couple of doves and put them in the oven. “Guess, mistress, what will become of these doves?” - “What will happen? Let's eat them - that's all!" - “No, I didn’t guess!” Vasilisa the Wise opened the stove, opened the window - and at that very moment the pigeons started up, flew straight into the palace and began to beat at the windows. No matter how hard the royal servants tried, they could not drive them away. It was only then that Ivan Tsarevich remembered Vasilisa the Wise, sent messengers in all directions to ask questions and look for her, and found her at the mallow. He took white hands, kissed sugar lips, brought him to his father, to his mother, and they all began to live together and live and make good.
A fairy tale based on one of the most widespread stories in world folklore about a miraculous escape. At the end of the tale, an episode is added: the hero remembers the forgotten bride. A similar version of the plot begins with the episode "The Water King grabs the traveler by the beard, and he promises him a son." Usually in this episode, the promise is made in difficult situations, when the sea king (or water king) forces the father to sell his son as punishment for drinking water from his lake without permission. The fairy tale motif of an oversight - a violation of the prohibition to drink water from any unknown sources - conveys ancient ideas about redemptive sacrifices. From the father-king, the sea king demands a son. The ancient man could not but give, break the promise, because he worshiped nature, did not dare to oppose it. The hero of the tale is an expiatory sacrifice for the sin of his father.
In the fairy tale, each episode is motivated. The story of the father-sender is necessary for the further development of the action. If my father had not been in such a situation, Ivan Tsarevich would not have ended up in the underwater kingdom. A fairy tale about how to achieve happiness in spite of the machinations of evil forces. The sea king and all his actions, as well as the actions of Vasilisa the Wise, embody the ideas of the ancients about the element of water, sometimes fatal, sometimes beneficial to man. The story is instructive and moral. The hero receives the help of an old woman, to whom he shows due respect. She helps him get into the underwater world and teaches him how to operate there.
The motive for performing three tasks, traditional for fairy tales, is mainly associated with agriculture, because man, first of all, dreamed of overcoming the forces of nature. Vasilisa the Wise helps the hero. Animals help her (in this version - bees, ants, i.e. hard-working builders). Faithful servants, as well as mothers - nannies, carpenters - workers, etc. appear in fairy tales later. The peculiarity of the composition of this tale is that the sequential chain of events increases tension and attracts the interest of listeners. The threefold repetition of the tasks of the sea king to the hero, the increase in the difficulty of the tasks increase the emotional intensity of the tale.
There are many fantastic elements in the fairy tale. The situation in which the hero performs tasks is unusual. Escaping together with his wife, Vasilisa the Wise, from the underwater kingdom (the fabulous "other" kingdom) to Holy Rus' (to "his" kingdom), the hero must resort to magic and deceit. Vasilisa the Wise turns him and herself into a shepherd and a sheep, a priest and a church, a drake and a duck (there are traces of faith in werewolves). The saliva of Vasilisa the Wise helps them to deceive the sea king and delay the pursuit. To remind Ivan Tsarevich of herself, she revives doves from dough (traces of magic in a fairy tale). Fairy tale characters are arranged as follows. The main character is Ivan Tsarevich, the assistants are Vasilisa the Wise, an old adviser (she performs the same role here that Baba Yaga usually plays as an adviser), saliva. The pest or antagonist of the hero is the sea king. The function of the father - the king in the fairy tale - is the sender, he sends Ivan Tsarevich to the underwater kingdom.
13. SISTER ALENUSHKA AND BROTHER IVANUSHKA
Once upon a time there was an old man and an old woman, they had a daughter, Alyonushka, and a son, Ivanushka. The old man and the old woman died. Alyonushka and Ivanushka were left alone - alone. Alyonushka went to work and took her brother with her. They go along a long way, across a wide field, and Ivanushka wants to drink.
Sister Alyonushka, I'm thirsty!
Wait, brother, we will reach the well.
We walked, walked, the sun is high, the well is far away, the heat is pestering, the sweat comes out. There is a cow's hoof full of water.
Sister Alyonushka, I'll take a sip from a hoof!
Do not drink, brother, you will become a calf!
Sister Alyonushka, I'll get drunk from a hoof!
Do not drink, brother, you will become a foal!
Sister Alyonushka, there is no urine: I will get drunk from a hoof!
Do not drink, brother, you will become a goat!
Ivanushka did not obey and got drunk from a goat's hoof. He got drunk and became a goat... Alyonushka calls his brother, and instead of Ivanushka a little white goat runs after her. Alyonushka burst into tears, sat down under the stack - crying, and the little goat jumped next to her. At that time, a merchant was driving by:
What are you crying about, little girl?
Alyonushka told him about her misfortune. The merchant says to her: “Marry me. I will dress you in gold and silver, and the kid will live with us.” Alyonushka thought and thought and married the merchant. They began to live and live, and the kid lives with them, eats and drinks with Alyonushka from the same cup.
Once the merchant was not at home. Out of nowhere, a witch comes: she stood under Alyonushkino's window and so affectionately began to call her to swim in the river. The witch brought Alyonushka to the river. She rushed at her, tied a stone around Alyonushka's neck and threw her into the water. And she herself turned into Alyonushka, dressed up in her dress and came to her mansions. No one recognized the witch. The merchant returned - and he did not recognize.
One kid knew everything. He hung his head, does not drink, does not eat. In the morning and in the evening he walks along the bank near the water and calls:
Alyonushka, my sister!
Swim, swim to the shore!
The witch found out about this and began to ask her husband - slaughter and slaughter the kid. The merchant felt sorry for the kid, he got used to him. And the witch sticks so much, so begs, - there is nothing to do, the merchant agreed: "Well, slaughter him ...". The witch ordered to build high fires, heat cast-iron boilers, sharpen damask knives.
The little kid found out that he did not have long to live, and said to the named father:
Before death, let me go to the river, drink some water, rinse the intestines.
Well, go.
The kid ran to the river, stood on the bank and cried plaintively:
Alyonushka, my sister!
Bonfires are burning high
Boilers boil cast iron,
Knives sharpen damask,
They want to kill me!
Alyonushka from the river answers him:
Ah, my brother Ivanushka!
A heavy stone pulls to the bottom,
Silk grass tangled my legs,
Yellow sands lay on the chest.
And the witch is looking for a goatling, cannot find it, and sends a servant: "Go, find a goatling, bring him to me." The servant went to the river and saw: a goat kid was running along the bank and plaintively calling:
Alyonushka, my sister!
Swim out, swim out to the shore...
Bonfires are burning high
Boilers boil cast iron,
Knives sharpen damask,
They want to kill me!
And from the river they answer him:
Ah, my brother Ivanushka!
A heavy stone pulls to the bottom,
Silk grass tangled my legs,
Yellow sands lay on the chest.
The servant ran home and told the merchant about what he had heard on the river. They gathered the people, went to the river, threw down silk nets and pulled Alyonushka ashore. They removed the stone from her neck, dipped her in spring water, dressed her in a smart dress. Alyonushka came to life and became more beautiful than she was. And the kid, for joy, threw himself three times over his head and turned into a boy, Ivanushka. The witch was tied to a horse's tail and let into an open field.
A very common East Slavic tale about orphans, brother and sister. The plot shows an ancient motif about breaking taboos: having violated the ban, Ivanushka drinks from a forbidden source and turns into an animal, into a kid. In the episode of Alyonushka's drowning, one can see traces of the ancient Kupala ritual of sacrificing a young woman or girl to water. Apparently, the impending slaughter of the kid-Ivanushka also bears traces of the ancient Kupala sacrifice of an animal (sometimes a calf, a ram).
Song inserts in this text are traditional. The episode in which the witch entices Alyonushka is peculiar. Usually in fairy tales, a witch or sorceress, having drowned Alyonushka, replaces her with her daughter. The length of time on the road is conveyed by the fabulous formula: "Walked, walked - the sun is high, the well is far away, the heat is pestering, the sweat comes out." The tale uses constant epithets: a beautiful girl, damask knives, silk grass, yellow sands, heavy stone.
14. BY THE PIKE
There lived an old man. He had three sons: two smart, the third - the fool Emelya. Those brothers work, but Emelya lies on the stove all day, not wanting to know anything. Once the brothers went to the market, and the women, daughters-in-law, let's send him:
Go, Emelya, for water.
And he told them from the stove:
Reluctance.
Go, Emelya, otherwise the brothers will return from the market, they won’t bring you presents.
OK.
Emel got down from the stove, put on his shoes, got dressed, took buckets and an ax and went to the river. He cut through the ice, scooped up buckets and put them down, and he himself looks into the hole. And I saw Emelya in the hole in the pike. He contrived and grabbed the pike in his hand:
Here the ear will be sweet!
Emelya, let me go into the water, I'll be useful to you.
And Emelya laughs:
What will you be useful to me for? .. No, I’ll carry you home, I’ll order my daughters-in-law to cook the fish soup. It will be sweet!
The pike pleaded again:
Emelya, Emelya, let me go into the water, I'll do whatever you want
OK. Just show first that you are not deceiving me, then I will let you go.
Pike asks him:
Emelya, Emelya, tell me, what do you want now?
I want the buckets to go home by themselves, and the water would not spill.
The pike tells him:
Remember my words: when you want something - just say: "At the command of the pike, at my will."
Emelya and says: “At the command of the pike, at my will - go, buckets, go home yourself.”
He just said - the buckets themselves went uphill. Emelya let the pike into the hole, he went for the buckets himself. Buckets go through the village, people marvel, and Emelya walks behind, chuckles ... The buckets went into the hut, they themselves stood on the bench, and Emelya climbed onto the stove. How much time has passed, how little time - the daughters-in-law say to him:
Emelya, why are you lying? I would go and chop wood.
Reluctance...
If you don’t chop wood, the brothers will return from the market, they won’t bring you gifts.
Emelya is reluctant to get off the stove. He remembered the pike and slowly says: “At the pike’s command, at my will, go, an ax, chop wood, and go into the hut yourself and put the firewood in the oven.” The ax jumped out from under the bench - and into the yard, and let's chop firewood, and the firewood itself goes into the hut and climbs into the oven.
How much, little time has passed - the daughters-in-law again say:
Emelya, we have no more firewood. Go to the forest, chop.
And he told them from the stove:
What are you up to?
What are we doing?.. Is it really our job to go to the forest for firewood?
I'm reluctant...
Well, there will be no gifts for you.
There is nothing to do, Emel got down from the stove, put on his shoes, got dressed. I took a rope and an ax, went out into the yard and got into a sleigh:
Dads, open the gate.
His bridesmaids say to him:
Why, you fool, got into the sleigh, but didn’t harness the horse?
I don't need a horse.
The daughters-in-law opened the gate, and Emelya said quietly: “At the command of the pike, at my will, go, sleigh, into the forest.” The sledge itself went to the gate, and so quickly - it was impossible to catch up on a horse.
And I had to go to the forest through the city, and then he crushed a lot of people, suppressed them. The people are shouting: “Hold him! Catch him! And he knows, the sleigh drives. He came to the forest: “At the pike’s command, at my will - an ax, chop dry firewood, and you, firewood, fall into the sleigh yourself, knit yourself.” The ax began to chop, chop dry wood, and the firewood itself fell into the sleigh and knitted with a rope. Then Emelya ordered the ax to knock out a club for himself - such that he could hardly lift it. He sat down on the cart: "At the command of the pike, at my will - go, sleigh, go home."
The sleigh raced home. Again Emelya passes through the city where he crushed and crushed a lot of people just now, and there they are already waiting for him. They grabbed Emelya and dragged her from the cart, scolded and beat her. He sees that things are bad, and slowly: "At the command of the pike, at my will - come on, club, break off their sides." The club jumped out - and let's beat. The people rushed away, and Emelya came home and climbed onto the stove.
How long, shortly, did the tsar hear about Emelin's tricks and send an officer after him: to find him, bring him to the palace. An officer arrives in that village, enters the hut where Emelya lives, and asks:
Are you a fool Emelya?
And he is from the stove:
And what do you need?
Get dressed quickly, I'll take you to the king.
And I don't feel like...
The officer got angry and hit him on the cheek. And Emelya says quietly: "At the pike's command, at my will - a baton, break off his sides." The club jumped out - and let's beat the officer, he took his legs by force.
The tsar was surprised that his officer could not cope with Emelya, and sends his greatest nobleman: “Bring the fool Emelya to me in the palace, otherwise I will take my head off my shoulders.”
He bought the largest nobleman raisins, prunes, gingerbread and says:
Emelya, Emelya, why are you lying on the stove? Let's go to the king.
I'm warm here too...
Emelya, Emelya, the tsar will give you good food and drink - please, let's go.
And I don't feel like...
Emelya, Emelya, the tsar will give you a red caftan, a hat and boots.
Emelya thought and thought:
Okay, you go ahead, and I'll follow you.
The nobleman left, and Emelya lay still and said: “At the command of the pike, according to my desire - come on, bake, go to the king.” Here in the hut the corners cracked, the roof shook, the wall flew out, and the furnace itself went along the street, along the road, straight to the king. The king looks out the window, marvels:
What is this miracle?
The greatest nobleman answers him:
And this is Emelya on the stove going to you.
The king came out onto the porch:
Something, Emelya, there are a lot of complaints about you. You crushed a lot of people.
And why did they climb under the sled?
At this time, the tsar's daughter, Princess Marya, was looking at him through the window. Emelya saw her through the window and said quietly: “At the pike’s command, at my will, let the tsar’s daughter fall in love with me” ... And he also said: “Go, bake, go home ...”. The stove turned and went home, entered the hut and stood in its original place. Emelya is lying down again.
And the king in the palace screams and tears. Princess Marya misses Emelya, cannot live without him, asks her father to marry her to Emelya. Then the tsar got into trouble, agonized and said again to the great nobleman: “Go, bring Emelya to me, alive or dead, otherwise I’ll take my head off my shoulders.”
The great nobleman bought sweet wines and various snacks, went to that village, entered that hut and began to regale Emelya. Emelya got drunk, ate, got tipsy and went to bed. And the nobleman put him in a wagon and took him to the king. The king immediately ordered a large barrel with iron hoops to be rolled up. They put Emelya and Marya Tsarevna in it, pitched it and threw the barrel into the sea.
How long, how short, did Emelya wake up, he sees - it's dark, crowded.
Where am I?
And they answer him:
It's boring and sickening, Emelyushka. They pitched us into a barrel, threw us into the blue sea.
And who are you?
I am Princess Mary.
Emelya says: “At the command of the pike, at my will, the winds are violent, roll the barrel onto the dry shore, onto the yellow sand.” Violent winds blew, the sea was agitated, the barrel was thrown onto a dry shore, on yellow sand. Emelya and Marya the princess came out of it.
Emelyushka, where are we going to live? Build any kind of hut.
And I don't feel like...
Then she began to ask him even more, and he said: “At the command of the pike, at my will, build a stone palace with a golden roof.” As soon as he said, a stone palace with a golden roof appeared. Around - a green garden: flowers bloom and birds sing. Marya Tsarevna and Emelya entered the palace and sat down by the little window.
Emelyushka, can't you become handsome?
Here Emelya did not think long: "At the pike's command, according to my desire - to become a good young man, a written handsome man." And Emelya became such that neither in a fairy tale can be said, nor described with a pen.
And at that time the king went hunting and sees - there is a palace where there was nothing before. “What kind of ignoramus has set up a palace on my land without my permission?” And sent to find out, ask who they are. The ambassadors ran, stood under the window, asking questions. Emelya answers them: "Ask the king to visit me, I will tell him myself."
The king came to visit him. Emelya meets him, leads him to the palace, puts him at the table. They start drinking. The king eats, drinks, and is not surprised:
Who are you, good fellow?
Do you remember the fool Emelya - how he came to you on the stove, and you ordered him and your daughter to be pitched into a barrel, thrown into the sea? I am the same Emelya. If I want, I will burn and destroy your entire kingdom.
The king was very frightened, began to ask for forgiveness:
Marry my daughter, Emelyushka, take my kingdom, but don't ruin me!
Here they arranged a feast for the whole world. Emelya married Princess Marya and began to rule the kingdom. Here the fairy tale ends, and whoever listened - well done.
One of the most common tales in Eastern Slavic folklore is the tale of a “fool” hero. A hero of this type is distinguished from his brothers by outward passivity and imaginary stupidity. This is what makes him a “fool” in the eyes of others and determines the attitude of his brothers, daughters-in-law, and the king towards him. The image of Ivanushka or Emelya - fools sitting on the stove and doing nothing, bears some mystery. The attitude towards the hero of the characters of the fairy tale surrounding him and the listeners who follow the actions of the “fool” hero does not coincide. For listeners, his actions are filled with a special meaning, while for those around him, all his actions seem like an eccentricity, a manifestation of stupidity. And, nevertheless, the “fool” in a fairy tale always turns out to be smarter and more successful than the prosperous brothers. He always wins in all situations.
Thanks to his kindness (he took pity and released the magic pike), Emelya is rewarded with the knowledge of those magical and secret words that are unknown to his smart brothers, and with the help of which he acquires beauty, wealth, marries the royal daughter.
Magic tales. In the study of a fairy tale, one should rely primarily on the research of V.Ya. Propp "The Morphology of the Fairy Tale" and "The Historical Roots of the Fairy Tale". The main provisions of these studies are set out in a special course of lectures by V.Ya. Propp "Russian Fairy Tale".
The starting point in the idea of a fairy tale as a genre variety is that it should be defined "using not a vague concept of magic, but the laws inherent in it" . “Fairy tales,” says V.Ya. Propp, - stand out from others not on the basis of "fantastic" or "magic" (other types of fairy tales may also have these signs), but on the basis of the features of their composition that other types of fairy tales do not possess. The basis of the compositional structure of a fairy tale is, according to the terminology of V.Ya. Propp, "functions", a stable recurring element of a fairy tale. Features are defined as "actions that have a bearing on the development of the plot". It is necessary to dwell in detail on the main functions of a fairy tale; draw up its simplest scheme (ban, violation of the ban, consequence of the violation of the ban, magical action, gaining well-being).
The emergence and formation of a fairy tale is associated with the rethinking of ancient stories that pursued utilitarian goals. For a complete picture of the origin and development of a fairy tale as a genre, V.Ya. Propp's works "The Historical Roots of a Fairy Tale" can be recommended. In the characterization of the characters of a fairy tale, along with the book by V.Ya. Propp, the study of E.M. Meletinsky "Hero of a fairy tale. The origin of the image". Written in the traditions of the historical and sociological explanation of the phenomena of folklore, the study made it possible to see in fairy-tale images a reflection of the real existence of the people in the distant historical past. A summary of the plots and motifs characterizing heroes-heroes, helpers and opponents of the hero, fairy-tale fools is presented by the study of N.V. Novikov "Images of the East Slavic Fairy Tale".
Acquaintance with special bibliographic indexes of fairy tale plots seems necessary. In the "working" everyday life of fairy tale critics there are several bibliographic reference books. At the beginning of our century, the Finnish scientist Antti Aarne developed and published in German the Index of Fairy Types (Helsinki, 1911). This work was translated into Russian, supplemented and developed in relation to Russian fairy tales. Professor om N.P. Andreev ("Index of fairy tale plots according to A. Aarne's system"). The "Index" is provided with bibliographic information about where and in what collections the fairy tales are published. There are three sections in the "Index": I. "Animal Tales" (ie, fairy tales about animals); II. "Fairy tales proper" with four sub-sections: "Fairy tales", "Legendary tales", "Novelistic tales", "Tales about a stupid devil (giant, etc.)"; III. "Jokes". In turn, in each section and in the subsection, groups of fairy tale plots are identified that are similar to each other in terms of themes, images and the presence of some common motifs. Each selected plot or motif received a number from A. Aarne, under which it is customary to register newly published fairy tales since that time. The Fairy Tale Index was translated into English by Stif Thompson and published in 1927. In subsequent editions, the "Index" was supplemented with information about the publication of fairy tales among many peoples of the world and has now become a very complete reference book for everyone who studies fairy tales in a comparative sense. In 1979, the Comparative Index of Plots was published. East Slavic fairy tale "(compiled by L.G. Barag, I.P. Berezovsky, K.P. Kabashnikov, N.V. Novikov). The reference book was prepared and executed with a focus on Stif Thompson's index numbers, but the system of dividing the material as a whole repeats A. Aarne's classification with all its shortcomings, about which Yu.M. Sokolov wrote: "There are many shortcomings in it (the subjectivity and conventionality in the breakdown of plots into groups and in the ordinal distribution of fairy-tale themes is too great)" .
One of the issues that need to be clarified when studying fairy tales is the reflection of reality in the images of fairy tales and the refraction of reality in fantastic fiction.
The study of fairy tales implies a good acquaintance with their plots, images and peculiarities of poetics. In this regard, it is necessary to get acquainted with the classic collection of fairy tales - the collection of A.N. Afanasiev "Folk Russian fairy tales". (See also: “Folk Russian fairy tales. From the collection of A. N. Afanasyev”;
The specialized scientific literature on the fairy tale is extremely extensive, and many of the works of the pre-revolutionary period retain their value. Among the works created in the pre-revolutionary period is an extensive work on the comparative study of fairy tales L.3. Kolmachevsky "Animal world in the West and among the Slavs", a historiographic review by N.P. Dashkevich “The question of the origin and development of the epic about animals according to the research of the last thirty years” and the review work of V.A. Bobrov Russian folk tales about animals. The scientific significance of the ideas of A.M. Smirnov "Ivanushka the Fool". A kind of result of the study of fairy tales in the pre-revolutionary period was the extensive work of S.V. Savchenko "Russian folk tale (History of collecting and studying)". The most significant works devoted to the fairy tale include: research by V.A. Bakhtina, Aesthetic Function of Fairy Fiction. Observations on the Russian folk tale about animals "; the work of E.V. Pomerantseva "The Fate of a Russian Fairy Tale", which analyzes the deformations that fairy folklore underwent in the 18th-20th centuries. at the stage of destruction and disintegration of his figurative and stylistic canon; monograph by V.P. Anikin "Russian folk tale", which offers a description of modern methods for studying fairy tales, in particular, the principles of research by V.Ya. Propp "Morphology of the fairy tale", the stylistic features, the speech structure of the fairy tale are studied. In the study of the poetics of a fairy tale, the research of N. Roshiyanu “Traditional formulas of a fairy tale” and Propp V.Ya. "Russian fairy tale" .
Tales about animals. The origin of animal tales is generally believed to be connected with the forms of fiction, perceived from animistic and anthropomorphic ideas and concepts that attributed to animals the ability to act, think and speak. The change in ideas about the world, in connection with which stories about animals lose their connection with archaic ideas, became the beginning of the historical process of the formation of a genre variety of fairy tales about animals. The images of animals lose their connection with their immediate prototypes and are perceived as an allegorical image of a person and human society. Some stories may have a later origin.
Images and characters of fairy tales about animals have real prototypes in human society. At the same time, according to V.Ya. Propp, the animal epic does not arise from observations of the real powers and capabilities of animals. An animal, in his opinion, is a hero by virtue of the power attributed to it, not at all real, but magical, and the transfer of actions from one animal to another is not only an artistic phenomenon, but reflects the specifics of archaic thinking. V.Ya. Propp does not see a direct genetic connection with totemism. “However,” he believes, “if the actors are not people, but animals endowed with strength and abilities inaccessible to humans, but acting like people, then this may indicate a connection with totemism, in which a person is not distinguished from animals.”
Poetics of fairy tales about animals. It should be noted that abstract fable allegorism is not characteristic of animal tales; they skillfully combine the depiction of the habits of the described animal and allegorical social meaning. The social roots of fairy tales about animals have given rise to various methods of satirical and humorous depiction of reality.
Characterizing the poetics of fairy tales about animals, it is necessary to note the features of its compositional construction. Some of them are characterized by a small exposition (“The Wolf and the Goat”: “Once upon a time there was a goat, she made herself a hut in the forest and gave birth to children ...”). The exposition is intended to characterize the situation that precedes the further development of the action, creates motivation for the development of the plot. The beginning in a fairy tale about animals can be quite short (for example, in the fairy tale "The Bear": "Once upon a time there was an old man and an old woman, they had no children ..."). The main function of the beginning in animal tales is to surprise with an unusual situation, to focus attention on the narrative. The plot in this type of fairy tale is simple and consists for the most part of one small episode or some situation. The main focus of the plot of the fairy tale about animals is not the fascination of the story, but the unusual situation. It is necessary to note the role of dialogue in the compositional structure of fairy tales about animals. There are fairy tales, the content of which is entirely a dialogue (“The Fox and the Black Grouse”, “The Fox and the Woodpecker”, “The Sheep, the Fox and the Wolf”). The significance of dialogue in animal tales lies in the fact that it is one of the important methods of "humanizing" its characters. The combination of the real and the unreal, the human and the animal, creates the fantastic element necessary for a fairy tale. One of the types of compositional construction in fairy tales about animals is cumulative plots, which V.Ya. Propp distinguishes it as a separate type (“Kolobok”, “Death of a cockerel”, “Terem flies”, etc.).
Kostyukhin E.A. Types and forms of the animal epic. - M., 1987.
Propp V.Ya. Russian fairy tale. - L., 1984.
Lazutin S.G. Features of a fairy tale plot // Poetics of Russian folklore. - M., 1989. - S.12-26.
Lazutin S.G. Elements of rhythm and rhyme in fairy tales // Poetics of Russian folklore. - M., 1989.- S.148-163.
Household novelistic tales. The general characteristic of everyday short story tales involves considering it in comparison with other types of tales, determining its specific features and features. The peculiarity of everyday novelistic fairy tales is their close connection with reality. The term "short stories" is due to the brevity and entertaining nature of the plot of this genre type of fairy tale, and the name "everyday" - they received because they widely reflected the peasant pre-reform life. Everyday short stories can serve as a means of studying the peasant worldview and peasant everyday philosophy. According to V.Ya. Propp, one of the main features of this type of fairy tales is the "absence of the supernatural". Unlike a fairy tale, in which the hero achieves the desired goal with the help of a magical means, in a fairy tale of everyday short stories, or realistic, there is no magical means, and this can also serve as one of the differentiating signs of this type of fairy tales. At the same time, the supernatural is present in these tales, but it is included in the context of everyday life and receives a comic coloring. "The contrast of everyday background with the fantastic content creates the comic of the situation". “The nature of the realism of these tales is determined by the fact that the mode of transmission, style is realistic; the events depicted are not always realistically possible. The realism of these tales is very conditional. Short story tales contain a large number of everyday elements, well-captured observations, and vital details. Everyday fairy tale gravitates towards an anecdote.
The origin of everyday short stories is associated with the historical period when agriculture leaves the primitive stage, and the tribal system is replaced by a slave-owning state. The composition of everyday short stories is extremely diverse and allows for various ways of division and classification. Among the novelistic fairy tales there are those that are close to fairy tales. They represent, as it were, a transitional, adjacent group. The boundary between the magical and the novelistic here is purely arbitrary, it should be considered not as a formal boundary, but as a historical one, as a result of a long process of degeneration of one species into another. The morphological relationship between some short stories and fairy tales suggests the origin of this group of fairy tales (“Signs of a Princess”).
A necessary condition for understanding the specifics of everyday short stories is to study the features of its poetics and style. A novelistic fairy tale is characterized by an entertaining plot full of comic situations. One of the most commonly used techniques of comic representation is the exaggerated depiction of the main features of the characters. A feature of the construction of the plot of a novelistic fairy tale is a conscious violation of the usual and natural course of actions, the depiction of unreal situations and situations. One of the common techniques for creating a comic effect in a short story is to play on the polysemy of words, a bizarre combination of inconsistencies. A fairy tale-short story is characterized by a focus on continuity and unity of perception, which is realized in the absence of inserted and parallel episodes and the presence of one conflict, a limited number of characters.
Everyday short story is close to an anecdote, and a necessary condition for understanding its specificity is to define the boundaries separating the fairy tale-short story and anecdote. Unlike an anecdote, which is a story about one event, in which the denouement follows unexpectedly, and at the same time quite motivated and natural, in accordance with the circumstances and characters of the characters, the short story tale knows both a detailed narrative and more or less detailed characteristics of the characters. . The difference between a fairy tale-short story and an anecdote lies in the volume of the narrative and in its compositional structure, as well as in the sense itself, which is extensive in a fairy tale and lapidary in an anecdote. For the style of a novelistic fairy tale, rhymed and rhythmically organized speech is common, but colloquial speech is most fully represented in the short story.
Tarasenkova E.F. Genre originality of Russian satirical fairy tales // Russian folklore. Materials and research. - M.-L., 1957. Issue 2. - S. 62-84.
Yudin Yu.I. Russian folk household tale. - M., 1998.
Questions for self-examination
- 1. What are the characteristic features of a fairy tale as a genre of Russian oral art?
- 2. On what basis V.Ya. Propp distinguishes fairy tales from all other tales?
- 3. Why do researchers consider it necessary to separate fairy tales and fairy tale motifs?
- 4. What structural units can be distinguished in a fairy tale?
- 5. What is the simplest scheme of a fairy tale?
- 6. What elements complicate the ancient structure of a fairy tale?
- 7. What artistic means and techniques are used in the poetic organization of a fairy tale?
- 8. As V.Ya. Propp the "function" of a fairy tale?
- 9. What types of characters are characteristic of a fairy tale?
- 10. What time does the design of the novelistic fairy tale as a genre belong to?
- 11. What artistic techniques are characteristic of a novelistic fairy tale?
- 12. What is the difference between a novelistic fairy tale and its other genre varieties?
- 13. What is the basis of the forms of fiction of fairy tales about animals?
- 14. What preceded the appearance of fairy tales about animals?
- 15. What is characteristic of the compositional form of fairy tales about animals?
- 16. How is a fairy tale different from other forms of folk prose?
- 17. How is a fairy tale built? Is the theory of V.Ya. Propp to other folklore genres?
- 18. How do fairy tale and myth relate?
- 19. How do Russian plots compare with Western European and Eastern fairy tales?
- 20. How are riddles and fairy tales related?
- 21. Who developed the first Index of Fairy Plots, published in 1911? By whom was it translated and supplemented in relation to Russian folklore?
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