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Teacher of the Russian language and literature Shipitsina Veronika Nikolaevna, municipal budgetary educational institution "Secondary school No. 19", Nizhnevartovsk
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... one of those rare novelists who almost never fakes. André Maurois With such a knowledge of languages, with such an extensive versatile education and development of the mind, with an enormous memory and talent, moreover, with such an understanding of the life of the people, not a single Russian writer entered literature before Turgenev. V.P. Ostrogorsky I.S. Turgenev. Drawing by E.K. Lipgart. 1882
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I.S. Turgenev. Photo by A.I. Denier. 1865 ON THE. Dobrolyubov. Steel engraving. 1862 What will Mr. Turgenev create now? N. Dobrolyubov. It was in August 1860, when the first thought of "Fathers and Sons" came to my mind. I. Turgenev Turgenev attached great importance to this novel: he wanted to sum up in it all his disagreements with Dobrolyubov - all disputes between liberals and democrats.
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I felt then that something new was being born; I saw new people, but I could not imagine how they would act, that they would come out - I could not. I had to either remain completely silent, or write only what I know. I chose the latter. I.S. Turgenev (according to the memoirs of N.A. Ostrovskaya.) "Fathers and Sons". Title page of the first edition (with a dedication to V.G. Belinsky) 1862. I dreamed of a gloomy, wild, large figure, half grown out of the soil, strong, vicious, honest - and yet doomed to death ... I.S. Turgenev - K.K. Sluchevsky. April 14 (26), 1862. The theme of the novel is the image of the ideological struggle between the liberal nobility and revolutionary democracy on the eve of the abolition of serfdom.
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"Fathers and Sons". Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. Watercolor P.M. Boklevsky 1870. He [Pavel Petrovich] looked about forty-five years old: his short-cropped gray hair shone with a dark sheen, like new silver; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles; unusually correct and clean, as if drawn with a thin and light chisel, it was a wonderful environment; the light, black, oblong eyes were especially good. The uncle's entire appearance, graceful and thoroughbred, retained youthful harmony. I. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". Pavel Petrovich, can be called Pechorin of small sizes; in his life he cheered and fooled around, and, finally, he was tired of everything; he failed to settle down, and this was not in his character ... the former lion retired to his brother in the village, surrounded himself with elegant comfort and turned his life into a calm vegetative existence. DI. Pisarev "Bazarov" 1862 Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov
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"Fathers and Sons". Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. Watercolor P.M. Boklevsky 1870. Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov - a man of about forty years old; in terms of character, he is very similar to his son, but Nikolai Petrovich has much more correspondence and harmony between his mental convictions and natural inclinations than Arkady. As a gentle, sensitive and even sentimental person, Nikolai Petrovich does not rush to rationalism and calms down on such a worldview that gives food to his imagination and pleasantly tickles his moral sense. DI. Pisarev "Bazarov" 1862 Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. My whole story is directed against the nobility as an advanced class. I.S. Turgenev - K.K. Sluchevsky. April 14 (26), 1862.
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"Fathers and Sons". Bazarov. Illustration by P.M. Boklevsky 1870 Long and thin [Bazarov's face], with a broad forehead, flat top, pointed nose, large greenish eyes and drooping sand-colored sideburns ... was enlivened by calmness, a smile and expressed self-confidence and intelligence ... I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” Drawing the figure of Bazarov, I excluded everything artistic from the circle of his sympathies, I betrayed to him the sharpness and unceremoniousness of tone ... I.S. Turgenev ... A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet ... ... Rafael is not worth a penny ... ... Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it ... Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov
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Bazarov “possessed a special ability to arouse confidence in the lower people, although he never indulged them and treated them carelessly.” I. Turgenev My grandfather plowed the land, Bazarov replied with haughty pride. - Ask any of your own peasants, in which of us - in you or in me, he would rather recognize a compatriot. You don't even know how to talk to him. I. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". From a dispute between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Postal station. Watercolor by an unknown artist. "Fathers and Sons". Bazarov for a walk and village children. Drawing by P. Kovalevsky, 1898 "Fathers and Sons". Arrival of Arkady Kirsanov and Bazarov. Drawing by P. Kovalevsky 1898
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What kind of heart did Turgenev give his hero - passionate or "cold and indifferent"? Anna Sergeevna Odintsova Yevgeny Bazarov You want to fall in love, ... but you can’t fall in love: that’s your misfortune Bazarov “Fathers and Sons” No, God knows where it would lead, you can’t joke about it, calmness is still the best thing in the world ... Odintsova "Fathers and Sons"
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... People like them, in your big world in the daytime with fire, you won’t find Bazarov about parents. "Fathers and Sons". Vasily Ivanovich Bazarov. "Fathers and Sons". Illustration by K.I. Rudakov. 1946-47 Arina Vlasyeva Bazarova. "Fathers and Sons". Illustration by K.I. Rudakov. 1946-47 You see what kind of parents I have. The people are not strict. Do you love them, Eugene? I love Arkady. They love you so much! Bazarov - Arkady "Fathers and Sons" ... The people surrounding Bazarov suffer not from the fact that he treats them badly, and not from the fact that they themselves are bad people; on the contrary, he does not do a single bad deed towards them, and they, for their part, are also very good-natured and honest people.. D. Pisarev
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To die the way Bazarov died is like doing a great feat. Old parents at the grave of their son, painting by V.G. Perov. Based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" 1874. - Russia needs me ... no, apparently, it is not needed. And who is needed? - Farewell, farewell ... Blow on the dying lamp, and let it go out ... Bazarov "Fathers and Sons." There is a small rural cemetery in one of the remote corners of Russia ... sheep roam freely over the graves ... But between them there is one that a person does not touch, which an animal does not trample on: only birds sit on it and sing at dawn ... Evgeny Bazarov is buried in this grave . To her ... often come two already decrepit old men - a husband and wife. Supporting each other, they walk with a heavy gait. They will approach the fence, fall on their knees, and cry long and bitterly ... I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" I wanted to make a tragic face out of him [Bazarov] - there was no time for tenderness. He is honest, truthful and a democrat to the end of his nails ... If he is called a nihilist, then it must be read: a revolutionary. I.S. Turgenev - K.K. Sluchevsky. April 14 (26), 1862. DI. Pisarev "Bazarov" 1862
Evgeny Bazarov is a young man, a convinced nihilist. The main position of his life is denial. He is a man of deep mind, a man of science. Evgeny treats with contempt any manifestations of human feelings, considering it "unforgivable nonsense." In the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" Bazarov has several friends, associates, who adhere with him to the theory of nihilism.
By saying "we", he means someone's support from the outside, and yet, Bazarov is somewhat lonely.
It is difficult to say what exactly influenced the formation of the character of Yevgeny Bazarov and the formation of his personality. In my opinion, it is worth referring to the time when parents laid in him an understanding of the foundations of life. Bazarov went through a harsh life school, grew up independent, and had the dignity of never asking for money from his parents, considering it low. Since childhood, he kept his parents at a distance, not letting them get too close to him, not opening his soul to them. Although, of course, he loved them, thereby expressing concern.
Bazarov has a high conceit - quite justified. He is alone in the society of ordinary people who are not interesting to him. Among those who spend their lives on nothing, on art, he is bored. As well as among those who compose tragedies for themselves, steadfastly endure them, believing in their own strength, and after that they are proud of themselves. He is also bored and dreary among those who live and think only about feelings, which are more often long lost. Eugene considers himself above this. Having determined the only true vector of further life - science, he moves in the chosen direction, not wasting himself on fuss. Perhaps he would like to go through life not alone, to have a faithful companion, the same deeply convinced nihilist.
Here is what he himself says about this: "When I meet a person who would not give in to me, then I will change my opinion about myself." It is possible that in the person of Odintsova he saw this colleague. But it is unlikely that he thought that way when he was seized by feelings.
Odintsova is the only person to whom he was ready to open up, he neglected all his convictions for her sake. As soon as Anna Sergeevna reciprocated, and who knows, perhaps Bazarov would have changed beyond recognition, become a family man and read fairy tales by A.S. to children in the evenings. Pushkin. In this case, Evgeny would now be the prototype of Nikolai Petrovich. Fortunately or unfortunately, this did not happen. She rejected him, and he burned himself. Bazarov had to be convinced again of the futility of love feelings, but again he could no longer deny them.
Summing up, I would like to say that Bazarov is comfortable and natural in the society of himself and science, while not suffering from loneliness.
Updated: 2017-02-19
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In the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons", the image of the new man Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov turned out to be complex, contradictory and very interesting. From the moment the novel was published, critics fell upon the author and its protagonist, and a fierce controversy unfolded around the image of Bazarov. The conservative circles of the nobility, horrified by his strength and power, feeling in him a threat to their way of life, began to hate the protagonist of the novel. But Bazarov was not accepted, and in the revolutionary-democratic circles to which he belonged, his image was considered a caricature of the younger generation.
In many ways, such an assessment of the protagonist is the merit of the author, who himself has not decided on his attitude towards Bazarov. On the one hand, he justifies and appreciates his hero, sincerely admiring his mind, firmness, ability to defend his ideals and achieve what he wants, endows this image with features that he does not possess. On the other hand, in the novel it is felt that Bazarov is alien and incomprehensible to the author. Turgenev wants to force himself to fall in love with his hero, to catch fire with his ideas, but to no avail - the author and his protagonist remain on different sides, "which suggests Bazarov's loneliness.
Bazarov is titanic, very strong, but at the same time infinitely unhappy and lonely - this is probably the fate of many outstanding people. Bazarov himself does not at all strive to please people: according to his own remark, "a real person is one about whom there is nothing to think about, but whom one must obey or hate." His like-minded people, recognizing Bazarov as a strong personality, are only capable of worship and parody, not claiming more, and this is precisely what Bazarov despises in people. He is constantly looking for a person equal to himself in strength, and does not find him. Only Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, whose principles are eternal and unshakable, decides to resist the stormy onslaught of Bazarov. Pavel Petrovich absorbed his spiritual values, historical roots and way of life in childhood. In his disputes with Bazarov, Pavel Petrovich defends his past, his life, which he simply cannot imagine otherwise, and this gives him strength in the fight with the "titan", who in this fight can only oppose himself, his powerful personality.
Turgenev constantly reminds the reader that Bazarov is not a monster, not an evil genius, but, above all, an unfortunate lonely person and, despite all the strength of mind and energy, defenseless against the simplest human feelings. Bazarov's vulnerability is manifested in his relationship with Odintsova: he is subconsciously looking for love, but real, high love is not available to him, because in the first place he himself denies it. Odintsova expects mature feelings from Bazarov, she needs serious love, not fleeting passion. There is no place in her life for upheavals, without which, on the contrary, Bazarov cannot imagine himself, who does not understand that stability is an indispensable condition for achieving spiritual and moral ideals. These ideals are inaccessible to him, he suffers from their absence, without giving himself an account of this. Being a pragmatist, Bazarov must "touch" and "feel" everything.
In this vicious circle, the lonely and desperate Bazarov rushes about. He is very contradictory: he denies romanticism, being essentially a romantic; renouncing his parents, from the "stupid life of his fathers", in a burst of revelation he confesses to Arkady his love for them; doing everything for the well-being of the motherland, he asks himself the question: "Does Russia need me? No, apparently not needed." Even such a strong and independent personality as Bazarov is afraid and hard to feel in this vicious circle of contradictions. It is terrible, dying, to realize the futility, meaninglessness and uselessness of the life lived, because nothing can be corrected.
But Bazarov is smart enough to admit mistakes, even before his death. He admits his powerlessness before death - which means that not everything can be overcome with the help of force. Bazarov returns to nature, which he perceived so materialistically during his lifetime: "I will die, and burdock will grow out of me", "nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it." In the face of nature, in the face of the universe, even such a strong person as Bazarov seems like a small grain of sand.
This is his tragic loneliness: he does not feel himself a part of this world, even after death, the iron fence surrounding his grave separates him from the world. And after death, he remains still alone.
The tragic loneliness of Bazarov
Despite the extreme popularity of the democratic movement, Turgenev's Bazarov is very lonely. “We are not as few as you think,” he says to Pavel Petrovich. But in the novel we do not see Bazarov's true like-minded people. Pisarev is looking for the cause of loneliness in the fact that he has not yet met a person “who would not give in to him. Bazarov alone, by himself, stands at the cold height of a sober thought, and this loneliness is not hard for him, he is completely absorbed in himself and work ... ”** Collection of articles. DI. Pisarev. Bazarov. With. 422.
In Russia at that time a whole generation of democrats had already grown up, raznochintsy, students of Chernyshevsky, Dobrolyubov, Pisarev. And who are the associates of Bazarov? He often says "we", although the writer never mentioned any of the true associates of his hero.
But the novel presents his imaginary students and followers. First of all, this is Arkady, who moves from the category of "children" to the category of "fathers." Arkady's passion for Bazarov is nothing more than a tribute to youth.
Their relationship cannot be called friendship, which is based on deep mutual understanding. Yevgeny Bazarov wanted to re-educate Arkady, make him “his own”, but very soon became convinced that this was not feasible. “Uh! yes, I see you, you definitely intend to follow in the footsteps of your uncle, ”Bazarov perspicaciously remarks. “You are a tender soul, a weakling, where can you hate! ..” And yet it is hard for Bazarov to part with Arkady, to whom he was sincerely attached.
In the novel, Arkady is the best of Bazarov's "disciples". His other followers are depicted satirically. Just as Repetilov vulgarized the ideas of the Decembrists, Sitnikov and Kukshina vulgarize the ideas of the sixties. They see in nihilism only the negation of all old moral norms and enthusiastically follow this new "fashion".
Bazarov is lonely not only in friendship, but also in love. In his feeling for Odintsova, he reveals himself as a strong, passionate and deep nature. Even here his superiority over the surrounding people is manifested. Pavel Petrovich's love for Princess R. was humiliating. Arkady's feeling for Odintsova was an easy hobby, while his love for Katya was the result of subordinating a weak nature to a stronger one.
Bazarov loves differently. Before meeting Odintsova, he obviously did not know true love. His first words about this woman are rude. But his rudeness, caused by disgust for "beautiful words", should not be confused with cynicism. The attitude towards Odintsova of the provincial "light", which insulted her with dirty gossip, was cynical. Bazarov immediately saw in her an outstanding person and singled out from the circle of provincial ladies: “ She doesn’t look like other women.” Bazarov's swagger in conversation with a new acquaintance was evidence of his embarrassment and even timidity. Odintsova understood everything “and it even flattered her. One vulgar thing repelled her, and no one would reproach Bazarov for vulgarity.
Odintsova deserves it in many ways. And this also elevates Bazarov. If he fell in love with an empty, insignificant woman, his feeling would not command respect. He willingly shares his thoughts with Anna Sergeevna, sees in her an intelligent interlocutor.
Refuting the views of the hero of the novel on love, the writer makes him experience what Bazarov himself rejected: “In conversations with Anna Sergeevna, he even more than ever expressed his indifferent contempt for everything romantic, and left alone, he indignantly recognized romance in himself.”
In the scenes of Bazarov's explanation with Anna Sergeevna, the harsh directness and honesty inherent in him conquer. Eugene frankly calls her an aristocrat, condemns in her what is alien to him. From his words, Odintsova could conclude that this man, no matter how much he loved, would not sacrifice his convictions in the name of love.
But that wasn't what scared her off. Some critics claimed that Turgenev was debunking his hero, showing that love broke Bazarov, unsettled him, that in the last chapters of the novel he was no longer the same as he was known at the beginning. Yes, indeed, unhappy love leads Bazarov to a severe mental crisis. Everything falls out of his hands, and his infection itself seems not so accidental: a person in a depressed state of mind becomes careless.
But Bazarov did not give up the fight against his pain, did not become limp, did not humiliate himself in front of his beloved. He strives with all his might to overcome despair in himself, he is angry at his pain. And if not for death, he might have coped with this pain.
The ability for true love Turgenev always considered important for assessing a person. The writer shows that Bazarov is also superior in love to the “county aristocrats”, including the smart and charming, but spiritually cold and selfish Odintsova. Nihilist Bazarov is able to love deeply and strongly.
The tragic loneliness of Bazarov is manifested not only in his communication with an imaginary friend and beloved woman, but also in relationships with the people, reviews of which are also contradictory. And by his origin, and occupation, and mindset, and thoughts, the hero of the novel is much closer to the peasants than Pavel Petrovich, although he reproaches Bazarov that he "does not know the Russian people." No wonder Bazarov's speech is so close to the people. “You blame my direction,” he says to Pavel Petrovich, “but who told you that it is in me by accident, that it was not caused by the very people’s spirit in whose name you advocate so? »
Let us recall how, in disputes with Pavel Petrovich and Arkady Bazarov, it would seem that he spoke disparagingly about Russian peasants. But he spoke not against the people, but against tenderness before their backwardness, superstition, ignorance. “The people believe that when the thunder rumbles, it is Elijah the prophet in a chariot driving around the sky. What? Should I agree with him?" Bazarov is convinced that nihilism is due to the interests of ordinary peasants, caused by the "folk spirit". The hero of the novel is not inclined to idealize the people, seeing their long-suffering and slavery; freedom is unlikely to be good for him, "because our peasant is glad to rob himself, just to get drunk on dope in a tavern."
Turgenev himself shared this point of view of his hero. “All the true deniers that I knew, without exception (Belinsky ... Herzen, Dobrolyubov ...), go their own way only because they are more sensitive to the requirements of people's life,” he wrote.
Many democrats of the 1960s emphasized the importance of a sober attitude towards the peasantry and the rejection of its idealization. Therefore, it is not surprising that harsh judgments about the people are heard more than once in the mouth of Bazarov: "The Russian peasant will devour God." In the second half of the work, Bazarov even seems to despise the people for their prejudices, passivity, delusions, quackery, drunkenness. In the twenty-first chapter, he is very skeptical about the future of men and his own: “... I hated this last man, Philip or Sidor, for whom I have to climb out of my skin and who won’t even thank me ... and why should I thank him ? Well, he will live in a white hut, and burdock will grow out of me; well, and then?
Such judgments about the people are born of the author's desire to reduce the image of his hero, to endow him with anti-democratic remarks. Therefore, Bazarov cruelly sneers at the village peasant, making fun of him and the Slavophile idea of \u200b\u200bthe strength of the peasantry: “... a new era in history will begin from you. You will give us a real language and laws.” To the words incomprehensible to him, the peasant answers “... but against ours, that is, the world, it is known, is the master's will; therefore you are our fathers. And the stricter the master exacts, the sweeter the peasant. Bazarov is bitter to hear these slavish manifestations of humility and obsequiousness. So he "shrugged his shoulders contemptuously and turned away." It is characteristic that Bazarov "... possessed a special ability to inspire confidence in himself in the lower people, although he never indulged them and treated them carelessly." The servants "felt that he was still his brother, not a gentleman." Both the maid Dunyasha and Pyotr brightened up when they met the guest, and the yard boys “ran after the doctor” like “dogs”, experiencing a special, genuine sympathy for him.
Wanting to emphasize his loneliness, his premature appearance in Russia, his doom, Turgenev wants to show the depth of the abyss that separates Bazarov from the people. “Alas! - says Turgenev, - contemptuously shrugging his shoulder, who knew how to talk with the peasants Bazarov, this self-confident Bazarov did not suspect that he was in their eyes still something like a pea jester ... ".
1.2 The tragic loneliness of Bazarov
Despite the extreme popularity of the democratic movement, Turgenev's Bazarov is very lonely. “We are not as few as you think,” he says to Pavel Petrovich. But in the novel we do not see Bazarov's true like-minded people. Pisarev is looking for the cause of loneliness in the fact that he has not yet met a person “who would not give in to him. Bazarov alone, by himself, stands at the cold height of a sober thought, and this loneliness is not hard for him, he is completely absorbed in himself and work ... "*.
In Russia at that time a whole generation of democrats had already grown up, raznochintsy, students of Chernyshevsky, Dobrolyubov, Pisarev. And who are the associates of Bazarov? He often says "we", although the writer never mentioned any of the true associates of his hero.
But the novel presents his imaginary students and followers. First of all, this is Arkady, who moves from the category of "children" to the category of "fathers." Arkady's passion for Bazarov is nothing more than a tribute to youth.
Their relationship cannot be called friendship, which is based on deep mutual understanding. Yevgeny Bazarov wanted to re-educate Arkady, make him “his own”, but very soon became convinced that this was not feasible. “Uh! yes, I see you, you definitely intend to follow in the footsteps of your uncle, ”Bazarov perspicaciously remarks. “You are a tender soul, a weakling, where can you hate! ..” And yet it is hard for Bazarov to part with Arkady, to whom he was sincerely attached.
In the novel, Arkady is the best of Bazarov's "disciples". His other followers are depicted satirically. Just as Repetilov vulgarized the ideas of the Decembrists, Sitnikov and Kukshina vulgarize the ideas of the sixties. They see in nihilism only the negation of all old moral norms and enthusiastically follow this new "fashion".
Bazarov is lonely not only in friendship, but also in love. In his feeling for Odintsova, he reveals himself as a strong, passionate and deep nature. Even here his superiority over the surrounding people is manifested. Pavel Petrovich's love for Princess R. was humiliating. Arkady's feeling for Odintsova was an easy hobby, while his love for Katya was the result of subordinating a weak nature to a stronger one.
Bazarov loves differently. Before meeting Odintsova, he obviously did not know true love. His first words about this woman are rude. But his rudeness, caused by disgust for "beautiful words", should not be confused with cynicism. The attitude towards Odintsova of the provincial "light", which insulted her with dirty gossip, was cynical. Bazarov immediately saw in her an outstanding person and singled out from the circle of provincial ladies: “ She doesn’t look like other women.” Bazarov's swagger in conversation with a new acquaintance was evidence of his embarrassment and even timidity. Odintsova understood everything “and it even flattered her. One vulgar thing repelled her, and no one would reproach Bazarov for vulgarity.
Odintsova deserves it in many ways. And this also elevates Bazarov. If he fell in love with an empty, insignificant woman, his feeling would not command respect. He willingly shares his thoughts with Anna Sergeevna, sees in her an intelligent interlocutor.
Refuting the views of the hero of the novel on love, the writer makes him experience what Bazarov himself rejected: “In conversations with Anna Sergeevna, he even more than ever expressed his indifferent contempt for everything romantic, and left alone, he indignantly recognized romance in himself.”
In the scenes of Bazarov's explanation with Anna Sergeevna, the harsh directness and honesty inherent in him conquer. Eugene frankly calls her an aristocrat, condemns in her what is alien to him. From his words, Odintsova could conclude that this man, no matter how much he loved, would not sacrifice his convictions in the name of love.
But that wasn't what scared her off. Some critics claimed that Turgenev was debunking his hero, showing that love broke Bazarov, unsettled him, that in the last chapters of the novel he was no longer the same as he was known at the beginning. Yes, indeed, unhappy love leads Bazarov to a severe mental crisis. Everything falls out of his hands, and his infection itself seems not so accidental: a person in a depressed state of mind becomes careless.
But Bazarov did not give up the fight against his pain, did not become limp, did not humiliate himself in front of his beloved. He strives with all his might to overcome despair in himself, he is angry at his pain. And if not for death, he might have coped with this pain.
The ability for true love Turgenev always considered important for assessing a person. The writer shows that Bazarov is also superior in love to the “county aristocrats”, including the smart and charming, but spiritually cold and selfish Odintsova. Nihilist Bazarov is able to love deeply and strongly.
The tragic loneliness of Bazarov is manifested not only in his communication with an imaginary friend and beloved woman, but also in relationships with the people, reviews of which are also contradictory. And by his origin, and occupation, and mindset, and thoughts, the hero of the novel is much closer to the peasants than Pavel Petrovich, although he reproaches Bazarov that he "does not know the Russian people." No wonder Bazarov's speech is so close to the people. “You blame my direction,” he says to Pavel Petrovich, “but who told you that it is in me by accident, that it was not caused by the very people’s spirit in whose name you advocate so? »
Let us recall how, in disputes with Pavel Petrovich and Arkady Bazarov, it would seem that he spoke disparagingly about Russian peasants. But he spoke not against the people, but against tenderness before their backwardness, superstition, ignorance. “The people believe that when the thunder rumbles, it is Elijah the prophet in a chariot driving around the sky. What? Should I agree with him?" Bazarov is convinced that nihilism is due to the interests of ordinary peasants, caused by the "folk spirit". The hero of the novel is not inclined to idealize the people, seeing their long-suffering and slavery; freedom is unlikely to be good for him, "because our peasant is glad to rob himself, just to get drunk on dope in a tavern."
Turgenev himself shared this point of view of his hero. “All the true deniers that I knew, without exception (Belinsky ... Herzen, Dobrolyubov ...), go their own way only because they are more sensitive to the requirements of people's life,” he wrote.
Many democrats of the 1960s emphasized the importance of a sober attitude towards the peasantry and the rejection of its idealization. Therefore, it is not surprising that harsh judgments about the people are heard more than once in the mouth of Bazarov: "The Russian peasant will devour God." In the second half of the work, Bazarov even seems to despise the people for their prejudices, passivity, delusions, quackery, drunkenness. In the twenty-first chapter, he is very skeptical about the future of men and his own: “... I hated this last man, Philip or Sidor, for whom I have to climb out of my skin and who won’t even thank me ... and why should I thank him ? Well, he will live in a white hut, and burdock will grow out of me; well, and then?
Such judgments about the people are born of the author's desire to reduce the image of his hero, to endow him with anti-democratic remarks. Therefore, Bazarov cruelly sneers at the village peasant, making fun of him and the Slavophile idea of \u200b\u200bthe strength of the peasantry: “... a new era in history will begin from you. You will give us a real language and laws.” To the words incomprehensible to him, the peasant answers “... but against ours, that is, the world, it is known, is the master's will; therefore you are our fathers. And the stricter the master exacts, the sweeter the peasant. Bazarov is bitter to hear these slavish manifestations of humility and obsequiousness. So he "shrugged his shoulders contemptuously and turned away." It is characteristic that Bazarov "... possessed a special ability to inspire confidence in himself in the lower people, although he never indulged them and treated them carelessly." The servants "felt that he was still his brother, not a gentleman." Both the maid Dunyasha and Pyotr brightened up when they met the guest, and the yard boys “ran after the doctor” like “dogs”, experiencing a special, genuine sympathy for him.
Wanting to emphasize his loneliness, his premature appearance in Russia, his doom, Turgenev wants to show the depth of the abyss that separates Bazarov from the people. “Alas! - says Turgenev, - contemptuously shrugging his shoulder, who knew how to talk with the peasants Bazarov, this self-confident Bazarov did not even suspect that in their eyes he was still something like a pea jester ... ".
