Composition

Valentin Grigoryevich Rasputin was born on March 15, 1937 in the village of Ust-Uda, Irkutsk Region. After graduating from the philological department of Irkutsk University in 1957, he worked for several years in the youth newspapers of Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk, traveled a lot to construction sites, and often visited villages. The result of these trips were books of essays - "Campfires of New Cities" and "The Edge Near the Sky". The novel "A Day for Mary" (1967) brought the writer his first great success. Other works of V. G. Rasputin also received wide public recognition: the novels “Deadline” (1970), “Live and Remember” (1974), “Farewell to Mother” (1976). For the story "Live and Remember" V. Rasputin was awarded the USSR Prize (1977). In his works, the writer touches on such important topics as the theme of ecology and the theme of morality. The problem of moral choice is brought out with particular acuteness in the story “Live and remember. Rasputin appears here as a subtle psychologist and connoisseur of folk life.

The events of the story take place in the last days of the war. Returning home from the hospital, and not to the front, one of the main characters of the story, Andrei Guskov, becomes a deserter. Being in the hospital after being wounded, he dreamed of how he would return home, and was completely sure that he would no longer be sent to the front. It was 1944. However, all his hopes of returning are crumbling, and he decides to take a desperate step. “He prepared all of himself, to the last drop and to the last thought, for a meeting with his relatives - with his father, mother, Nastena - he lived with this, he recovered and breathed with this, he only knew this ... How back, again under the bullets , under death, when nearby, in your own side, in Siberia? Is it right, fair? He would only have one single day to be at home, to calm his soul, then he is again ready for anything. Having become a deserter, he is afraid to admit it even to himself and therefore makes a deal with his conscience. He was ready, seeing his relatives, to die at the front, but gradually a great desire to live drowns out the weak voice of conscience. He opens up to his wife Nastya.

Feeling guilty about what her husband has done does not allow her to live in peace. She, sheltering her husband who had fled, took his desertion upon herself. After each meeting with Andrey, Nastena increasingly fenced herself off from people with whom she shared both grief and joy all her life. Even the expectation of a child becomes painful for her. The story ends with the death of Nastena, she cannot find a logical solution and atoning for her death the guilt of involuntary shame for her husband's grave act.

Why is life so cruel and unfair? Andrei - a man without a conscience - remains to live! and the life of such a beautiful, honest, kind, pure woman Nastena ends. But not only Nastena became a victim of Andrey's terrible act, but also his father. Mikheich is very worried, withdraws into himself, anticipating evil, and then becomes seriously ill. In this story, V. Rasputin shows the gradual degradation of a person. After all, Andrei from a kind, loving son and husband turns into an insignificant animal. The choice made has an irreparable impact on his future life. The line between good and bad, right and wrong is blurred. In fact, Andrei no longer has power over his life and his actions, he goes with the flow.

Andrey, no matter how scary, is removed from his loved ones in order to save his life. Neither the death of his wife, who could become the mother of his child, nor the illness of his father touch him. He only cares about his own well-being. Andrei, moving away from people, gradually loses everything human. He even tries to howl at the moon like wolves. For a moment, he still understood that he was moving away from normal life, but he could do nothing. External circumstances were stronger, and his will was not enough to resist them. He obeyed.

Cruelty towards others settled in Andrei's soul. He shot a roe deer and watched its death throes. Zhenya said to this: "Tell someone to kill." So, step by step, Andrei falls lower and lower. So who is to blame for the fact that a person fell so low: circumstances or himself? This question worried many writers of Russian literature. In Rasputin's story, the protagonist is placed in exceptional circumstances, the circumstances of the war, and blames his lack of will on them: "This is all war, all of it," he again began to justify himself and conjure. With these words, he, as it were, relieved himself of all responsibility for his actions, shifted everything to fate. Thus, Andrey's moral fall is not a tragedy. He doomed himself to a lonely existence, forced to constantly hide. It even became a habit for him. Like a wild animal that sensed danger, Andrey “jumped up, got ready in a minute, habitually bringing the winter quarters into an uninhabited, neglected appearance, he had a retreat prepared for him ... There, in a cave, not a single dog would find him.”

The tragedy in the story is the death of Nastena. This woman is a real Russian character, which is embodied in many heroines of Rasputin's stories. Nastena is a highly moral person who feels guilty for her husband's act, but carries this cross. She committed suicide, but at the same time she was morally cleansed. In her soul the moral laws won, just as they win in the soul of the whole people. For Andrei, her suicide was another step down, because he saw in the child that Nastena was carrying, his salvation. And their death is a punishment for the fact that he transgressed through all the moral laws in his soul.

With his story, V. Rasputin, as it were, says “Live and remember, man! In trouble, steepness, your place is next to the people. Any retreat turns into grief for you and your people. The name itself, of course, refers to Andrei, because one would like to add: "If you can live." But I think it applies to all of us as well. The main thing for everyone is to live honestly, conscientiously, without lies, then our society will be highly moral. Timeless human values ​​will return to us again: mercy, kindness, justice. Our literature is called upon to teach people not to live by lies.

Other writings on this work

I chose the writer Valentin Rasputin to cover the topic, because I consider his work to be the most significant in terms of moral quest. The author himself is a deeply moral person, as evidenced by his active social life. The name of this writer can be found among the names of fighters not only for the moral transformation of the fatherland, but also among fighters for the environment. This is also a problem related to our morality. In my opinion, the moral problems are most acutely posed by the writer in his story “Live and Remember”. The work is written with the author's deep knowledge of folk life, the psychology of the common man. The author puts his heroes in a difficult situation: a young guy Andrei Guskov honestly fought almost until the very end of the war, but in 1944 he ended up in a hospital, and his life cracked. He thought that a severe wound would free him from further service. Lying in the ward, he already imagined how he would return home, hug his relatives and his Nastena. He was so sure of such a course of events that he did not even call his relatives to the hospital to see him. The news that he was again sent to the front struck like a lightning bolt. All his dreams and plans were destroyed in an instant. In moments of spiritual turmoil and despair, Andrei makes a fatal decision for himself, which in the future will destroy his life and soul, make him a completely different person.

There are many examples in the literature when circumstances turn out to be higher than the willpower of the heroes, but the image of Andrei is very reliable and convincing. There is a feeling that the author was personally acquainted with this person. Imperceptibly, the writer seems to blur the lines between "good" and "bad" characters and does not judge them unambiguously. The more carefully you read the story, the more opportunities for a deep analysis of the moral state of the characters, their actions. I especially like this in the work of Rasputin. While reading the story, I myself, along with its characters, now and then decided how I would act in this situation.

So, Andrey Guskov makes his choice: he decides to go home on his own, at least for one day. From that moment on, his life falls under the influence of completely different laws of being, Andrei is carried along with the flow, like a chip, in a muddy stream of events. Being by nature a rather subtle person, he begins to understand that every day of such a life alienates him from normal, honest people and makes it impossible to return back. Fate famously begins to control a weak-willed person.

The atmosphere surrounding the characters is uncomfortable. Andrey's meeting with Nastena takes place in a cold, unheated bathhouse. The author knows Russian folklore well, there is a bathhouse - a place where all kinds of evil spirits appear at night. So the author begins the theme of werewolf in the story, which will run through the whole story. In the minds of the people, werewolves are associated with wolves. And Andrei learned to howl like a wolf, he does it so naturally that Nastena thinks if he is a real werewolf.

Andrei is becoming more and more stale in soul. Becomes cruel, even with some manifestation of sadism. When he shot the roe deer, he did not finish it off with a second shot, as all hunters do, but stood and carefully watched how the unfortunate animal was suffering. “Already just before the end, he lifted her and looked into her eyes - they widened in response ... He was waiting for the last, final movement in order to remember how it would be reflected in the eyes.” The type of blood, as it were, determined his further actions and words. "Tell someone, I'll kill you. I have nothing to lose,” he tells his wife.

Andrei is rapidly moving away from people. Whatever punishment he suffers, in the minds of his fellow villagers, he will forever remain a werewolf, an inhuman. Werewolves are popularly called undead. Undead - means, lives in a completely different dimension than people.

But the author leaves for his hero the opportunity to painfully think: “What did I do wrong before fate, that she did this to me, - what?” Andrey does not find the answer to his question. But it seems to me that he simply does not want, he is afraid to look into the corner of his soul, where the answer to it is stored. Therefore, he is more inclined to look for excuses for his crime. He sees his salvation in the unborn child. He flashes the thought of a turning point in his life. Andrei thought that the birth of a child is the finger of God, indicating a return to normal human life, and he is mistaken once again. Nastena and the unborn child die. This moment is the punishment by which the higher powers can only punish a person who has violated all moral laws. Andrei is doomed to a painful life. Nastya's words: "Live and remember," will knock on his inflamed brain until the end of his days.

But this call: “Live and remember”, I am sure, is addressed not only to Andrei, but also to the inhabitants of Atamanovka, in general, to all people. After all, all such tragedies occur before the eyes of people, but rarely does anyone dare to prevent them. People are afraid to be frank with loved ones. Laws are already in force here, fettering the moral impulses of innocent people. Nastena was even afraid to tell her girlfriend that she had not stained her human dignity in any way, but she simply found herself between two fires.

She chooses a terrible path to get out of her situation - by itself

She chooses a terrible path to get out of her situation - suicide. Here, it seems to me, the author leads the reader to the idea of ​​some kind of "infection" that is transmitted like a disease. After all, Nastena, killing herself, kills the child in herself - this is a double sin. This means that a third person is already suffering, even if not yet born. The “contagion” of immorality also spreads to the inhabitants of Atamanovka. They not only do not try to prevent the tragedy, but also contribute to its development and completion.

A strong work of art on the theme of morality, such as V. Rasputin's story "Live and Remember", is always a step forward in the spiritual development of society. Such a work, by its very existence, is a barrier to lack of spirituality. It is good that we have such writers as V. Rasputin. Their work will help the fatherland not to lose moral values.

Lesson outline. Moral problems in V. Rasputin's story "Live and Remember". (Grade 10)

Lesson objectives:

Educational:

To acquaint with the spiritual values ​​of human life, to outline moral guidelines on the example of V. G. Rasputin's story "Live and Remember";

Contribute to the education of morality, patriotism, interest in the history of their country, the formation of the correct moral character.

Educational:

To acquaint with the story "Live and remember";

To promote the assimilation of the writer's creative world, understanding the moral and philosophical problems of his works on the example of the story "Live and Remember";

Developing:

Study methods:

To promote the development of logical thinking and intellectual development in the process of reading and problematic discussion;

Skills of oral coherent speech and culture of speech;

Expressive reading, attention and memory;

Development of written language in the process of doing homework.

Study methods: teacher's introductory remarks, individual assignments and students' reports, reference to illustrative material, different types of retelling of episodes, posing analytical questions, expressive reading of episodes.

Introduction.

What do you think this story is about? Rasputin himself emphasized more than once: “I wrote not only and least of all about the deserter, about whom, for some reason, everyone is talking without stopping, but about a woman ... the writer does not need to be praised, but needs to be understood.” And critics noted that "Valentin Rasputin's story is not about a deserter, but about a Russian woman, great in her exploits and in her misfortunes, who keeps the root of life." (A. Ovcharenko)

Storytelling conversation.

–What is the basis of the story?

a) - How and why Andrey Guskov became a deserter.

– Guskov preferred to live in fear, although he could not but understand that, no matter what plans he made, his very existence was temporary, illusory, ephemeral. The only thing he never doubted for a moment was that “Nastena needs to show up, there is no one else. One will be lost."

-What was Nastya's life like before meeting Andrei?

–What does she see as the meaning of family life? (Loyalty). –What is the tragedy of Nastena?

–Why is she being punished? What is she guilty of?

What motivated her purposeful, albeit illogical actions, for following the ideas of marital duty?

–Why does the story have such an ending?

–What is the meaning of the title of the story? What moral problems does Valentin Rasputin pose to the reader? (The problem of choice, responsibility for one's actions, for the fate of a loved one, duty, memory)

Questions for the lesson of extracurricular reading on the story

(questions were given in advance)

1. Does the writer manage to explain all the reasons for Guskov's "involuntary" betrayal?

2. What is his punishment? Who condemns him: the writer, readers, relatives, fellow villagers or life itself?

3. How is the problem of the relationship of man with time, the theme of life and death solved in the novel?

4. Does the memory of heroes about the past help to understand and explain a person (“Truth is in memory. Who has no memory, who has no life,” writes V. Rasputin)?

The story of Valentin Rasputin "Live and Remember" attracts special attention. This story shows the importance of human choice. Of particular importance is the choice observed in difficult times for the whole people, for example, as in this story - during the Great Patriotic War. A person is able to have great merits before the Motherland, before his comrades, but everything can always change and the situation worsen due to the wrong choice.

The story "Live and Remember" tells about Andrei Guskov, an ordinary soldier who turned the wrong way on his life path. In the last months of the war, he escaped from the hospital in order to return to his native places, to meet relatives and friends, the war is the path traveled. He served bravely, defended his homeland, and the Soviet Union had very little left to finish off the enemy, but Andrei was wounded and sent to the hospital. People are needed in the war, therefore, not having fully recovered, they want to send Andrei back to the front. Upon learning of this, Guskov decides to escape from the hospital, he does not want to die in the last months of the war.

He is declared a deserter. It was a real verdict for him. At home, it was not his relatives and friends who were waiting for him, but the policemen and the military. Therefore, the main character had to hide, since in those days deserters were shot without trial or investigation. The only person he could trust was his own wife, Nastya. They got married before the war and it cannot be said that it was a strong family. Needless to say, she loved him very much.

There were rumors that Nastya had a lover there and she was not faithful to her husband, Nastya was forced to endure contempt from others, but not to betray her husband. She became pregnant and the rumors only intensified, and she continued to help her husband. When the rumors reached the policemen, they decided to follow her when she once again sailed on a boat into the forest to her own husband. Noticing this, she decides to commit suicide in order to save her husband.

Andrey Guskov is a deserter who did not finish his service for a couple of months, the war ended and fellow villagers greeted everyone from the front as heroes, and he was destined to live and remember what his escape led to. Live and remember, Andrey Guskov.

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Moral problems of V. Rasputin's story "Live and Remember"

The story "Money for Mary" brought V. Rasputin wide popularity, and subsequent works: "Deadline", "Live and Remember", "Farewell to Matera" - secured him the fame of one of the best writers of modern Russian literature. In his works, moral and philosophical questions about the meaning of life, about conscience and honor, about the responsibility of a person for his actions come to the fore. The writer talks about selfishness and betrayal, about the relationship between the personal and the public in the human soul, about the problem of life and death. We will find all these problems in V. Rasputin's story "Live and Remember".

The war - this terrible and tragic event - has become a certain test for people. After all, it is in such extreme situations that a person shows the true traits of his character.

The protagonist of the story "Live and Remember" Andrei Guskov went to the front at the very beginning of the war. He honestly fought first in a reconnaissance company, then in a ski battalion, then on a howitzer battery. And as long as Moscow and Stalingrad were behind him, as long as it was possible to survive only by fighting the enemy, nothing disturbed Guskov's soul. Andrei was not a hero, but he did not hide behind the backs of his comrades either. He was taken to intelligence, he fought like everyone else, he was a good soldier.

Everything changed in Guskov's life when the end of the war became visible. Andrey again faces the problem of life and death. And it triggers the instinct of self-preservation. He began to dream of being wounded in order to gain time. Andrei asks himself the question: “Why should I fight, and not others?” Here Rasputin condemns the selfishness and individualism of Guskov, who, at such a difficult moment for his homeland, showed weakness, cowardice, betrayed his comrades, was frightened.

The protagonist of Rasputin's story "Live and Remember" is similar to another literary character - Rodion Raskolnikov, who asked himself: "Am I a trembling creature or do I have a right?" Rasputin touches on the problem of personal and public in the soul of Andrei Guskov. Does a person have the right to put his interests above the interests of the people, the state? Does a person have the right to transcend age-old moral values? Of course not.

Another problem that worries Rasputin is the problem of the fate of man. What prompted Guskov to flee to the rear - a fatal mistake of an official or that weakness that he gave in his soul? Maybe if Andrei had not been wounded, he would have overcome himself and reached Berlin? But Rasputin makes it so that his hero decides to retreat. Guskov is offended by the war: it tore him away from his loved ones, from his home, from his family; she puts him in mortal danger every time. In the depths of his soul, he understands that desertion is a deliberately false step. He hopes that the train he is on will be stopped and his documents checked. Rasputin writes: "In war, a person is not free to dispose of himself, but he ordered."

A perfect deed does not bring relief to Guskov. He, like Raskolnikov after the murder, must now hide from people, he is tormented by pangs of conscience. “Now I have black days all the time,” says Andrey Nastene.

The image of Nastena is central in the story. She is the literary successor of Sholokhov Ilyinichna from The Quiet Flows the Don. Nastena combines the features of a rural righteous woman: kindness, a sense of responsibility for the fate of other people, mercy, faith in a person. The problem of humanism and forgiveness is inextricably linked with its bright image.

Nastena found the strength to feel sorry for Andrei and help him. She felt in her heart that he was near. For her, this was a difficult step: she had to lie, cunning, dodge, live in constant fear. Nastena already felt that she was moving away from her fellow villagers, becoming a stranger. But for the sake of her husband, she chooses this path for herself, because she loves him and wants to be with him.

The war changed a lot in the soul of the main characters. They realized that all their quarrels and distance from each other in a peaceful life were simply absurd. Hope for a new life warmed them in difficult times. The mystery separated them from people, but brought them closer to each other. The test revealed their best human qualities.

Spurred on by the realization that they would not be together for long, the love of Andrei and Nastya flared up with renewed vigor. Perhaps these were the happiest days of their lives. Home, family, love - this is what Rasputin sees happiness. But a different fate was prepared for his heroes.

Nastena believes that "there is no such guilt that cannot be forgiven." She hopes that Andrei will be able to go out to people and repent. But he does not find the strength in himself for such an act. Only from a distance Guskov looks at his father and does not dare to show himself to him.

Not only does Guskov's act put an end to his fate and the fate of Nastena, but Andrei did not regret his parents either. Perhaps their only hope was that their son would return from the war as a hero. What was it like for them to find out that their son was a traitor and a deserter! What a shame for old people!

For determination and kindness, God sends Nastya a long-awaited child. And here the main problem of the story arises: does a child of a deserter have the right to be born? In the story "Shibalkovo seed" Sholokhov already raised a similar question, and the machine gunner persuaded the Red Army soldiers to leave his son alive. The news of the child became the only meaning for Andrei. Now he knew that the thread of life would stretch further, that his family would not stop. He says to Nastya: "And you give birth, I will justify myself, for me this is the last chance." But Rasputin breaks the hero's dreams, and Nastena dies along with the child. Perhaps this is the most terrible punishment for Guskov.

The main idea of ​​V. Rasputin's story "Live and Remember" is the moral responsibility of a person for his actions. Using the example of the life of Andrei Guskov, the author shows how easy it is to stumble, show weakness and make an irreparable mistake. The writer does not recognize any of Guskov's explanations, because other people who also had families and children died in the war. You can forgive Nastena, who took pity on her husband, took his guilt upon herself, but there is no forgiveness for a deserter and a traitor. Nastena's words: "Live and remember" - will knock on Guskov's inflamed brain until the end of his life. This call is addressed both to the inhabitants of Atamanovka and to all people. Immorality breeds tragedy.

Everyone who has read this book should live and remember what must not be done. Everyone should understand how wonderful life is, and never forget how many deaths and twisted destinies cost the victory. Each work of V. Rasputin is always a step forward in the spiritual development of society. Such a work as the story "Live and Remember" is a barrier to immoral acts. It is good that we have such writers as V. Rasputin. Their creativity will help people not to lose moral values.