When they tell you that Russia is the Motherland of bast shoes and balalaikas, grin at this person in the face and list at least 10 items from this list. I think it's a shame not to know such things.
And this is just a small part:
1. P.N. Yablochkov and A.N. Lodygin - the world's first electric light bulb
2. A.S. Popov - radio
3. V.K. Zworykin (the world's first electron microscope, television and broadcasting)
4. A.F. Mozhaisky - the inventor of the world's first aircraft
5. I.I. Sikorsky - a great aircraft designer, created the world's first helicopter, the world's first
bomber
6. A.M. Ponyatov - the world's first video recorder
7. S.P. Korolev - the world's first ballistic missile, spacecraft, the first satellite of the Earth
8. A.M. Prokhorov and N.G. Basov - the world's first quantum generator - maser
9. S. V. Kovalevskaya (the world's first female professor)
10. S.M. Prokudin-Gorsky - the world's first color photograph
11. A.A. Alekseev - the creator of the needle screen
12. F.A. Pirotsky - the world's first electric tram
13. F.A. Blinov - the world's first caterpillar tractor
14. V.A. Starevich - 3D animated film
15. E.M. Artamonov - invented the world's first bicycle with pedals, a steering wheel, a turning wheel
16. O.V. Losev - the world's first amplifying and generating semiconductor device
17. V.P. Mutilin - the world's first mounted construction harvester
18. A. R. Vlasenko - the world's first grain harvester
19. V.P. Demikhov - the first in the world to perform a lung transplant and the first to create a model of an artificial heart
20. A.P. Vinogradov - created a new direction in science - isotope geochemistry
21. I.I. Polzunov - the world's first heat engine
22. G. E. Kotelnikov - the first backpack rescue parachute
23. I.V. Kurchatov is the world's first nuclear power plant (Obninsk), also under his leadership, the world's first hydrogen bomb with a capacity of 400 kt was developed, detonated on August 12, 1953. It was the Kurchatov team that developed the RDS-202 thermonuclear bomb (Tsar bomb) with a record power of 52,000 kt.
24. M. O. Dolivo-Dobrovolsky - invented a three-phase current system, built a three-phase transformer, which put an end to the dispute between supporters of direct (Edison) and alternating current
25. V. P. Vologdin, the world's first high-voltage liquid cathode mercury rectifier, developed induction furnaces for the use of high-frequency currents in industry
26. S.O. Kostovich - created the world's first gasoline engine in 1879
27. V.P. Glushko - the world's first electric / thermal rocket engine
28. V. V. Petrov - discovered the phenomenon of an arc discharge
29. N. G. Slavyanov - electric arc welding
30. I. F. Aleksandrovsky - invented a stereo camera
31. D.P. Grigorovich - the creator of the seaplane
32. V. G. Fedorov - the world's first machine gun
33. A.K. Nartov - built the world's first lathe with a movable caliper
34. M.V. Lomonosov - for the first time in science formulated the principle of conservation of matter and motion, for the first time in the world he began to teach a course in physical chemistry, for the first time he discovered the existence of an atmosphere on Venus
35. I.P. Kulibin - mechanic, developed the project of the world's first wooden arched single-span bridge, inventor of the searchlight
36. VV Petrov - physicist, developed the world's largest galvanic battery; opened an electric arc
37. P.I. Prokopovich - for the first time in the world invented a frame hive, in which he used a frame shop
38. N.I. Lobachevsky - Mathematician, creator of "non-Euclidean geometry"
39. D.A. Zagryazhsky - invented the caterpillar
40. B.O. Jacobi - invented electroforming and the world's first electric motor with direct rotation of the working shaft
41. P.P. Anosov - metallurgist, revealed the secret of making ancient damask steel
42. D.I. Zhuravsky - for the first time developed the theory of calculations of bridge trusses, which is currently used all over the world
43. N.I. Pirogov - for the first time in the world compiled an atlas "Topographic Anatomy", which has no analogues, invented anesthesia, gypsum and much more
44. I.R. Hermann - for the first time in the world compiled a summary of uranium minerals
45. A.M. Butlerov - for the first time formulated the main provisions of the theory of the structure of organic compounds
46. I.M. Sechenov, the creator of evolutionary and other schools of physiology, published his main work “Reflexes of the brain”
47. D.I. Mendeleev - discovered the periodic law of chemical elements, the creator of the table of the same name
48. M.A. Novinsky - veterinarian, laid the foundations of experimental oncology
49. G.G. Ignatiev - for the first time in the world developed a system of simultaneous telephony and telegraphy over one cable
50. K.S. Dzhevetsky - built the world's first submarine with an electric motor
51. N.I. Kibalchich - for the first time in the world developed a scheme of a rocket aircraft
52. N.N. Benardos - invented electric welding
53. V.V. Dokuchaev - laid the foundations of genetic soil science
54. V. I. Sreznevsky - Engineer, invented the world's first aerial camera
55. A.G. Stoletov - physicist, for the first time in the world created a photocell based on an external photoelectric effect
56. P.D. Kuzminsky - built the world's first radial gas turbine
57. I.V. Boldyrev - the first flexible light-sensitive non-combustible film, formed the basis for the creation of cinema
58. I.A. Timchenko - developed the world's first movie camera
59. S.M.Apostolov-Berdichevsky and M.F.Freidenberg - created the world's first automatic telephone exchange
60. N.D. Pilchikov - physicist, for the first time in the world created and successfully demonstrated a wireless control system
61. V.A. Gassiev - engineer, built the world's first phototypesetting machine
62. K.E. Tsiolkovsky - the founder of astronautics
63. P.N. Lebedev - physicist, for the first time in science experimentally proved the existence of light pressure on solids
64. I.P. Pavlov - creator of the science of higher nervous activity
65. V. I. Vernadsky - naturalist, founder of many scientific schools
66. A.N.Scriabin - composer, for the first time in the world used lighting effects in the symphonic poem "Prometheus"
67. N.E. Zhukovsky - creator of aerodynamics
68. S.V. Lebedev - first received artificial rubber
69. G. A. Tikhov - astronomer, for the first time in the world established that the Earth, when observed from space, should have a blue color. Later, as you know, this was confirmed when shooting our planet from space.
70. N.D. Zelinsky - developed the world's first carbon highly effective gas mask
71. N.P. Dubinin - geneticist, discovered gene divisibility
72. M.A. Kapelyushnikov - invented the turbodrill in 1922
73. E.K. Zavoisky discovered electric paramagnetic resonance
74. N.I. Lunin - proved that there are vitamins in the body of living beings
75. N.P. Wagner - discovered insect pedogenesis
76. Svyatoslav Fedorov - the first in the world to perform an operation to treat glaucoma
77. S.S. Yudin - for the first time used in the clinic the blood transfusion of suddenly dead people
78. A.V. Shubnikov - predicted existence and created piezoelectric textures for the first time
79. L.V. Shubnikov - Shubnikov-de Haas effect (magnetic properties of superconductors)
80. N.A. Izgaryshev - discovered the phenomenon of passivity of metals in non-aqueous electrolytes
81. P.P. Lazarev - creator of the ion theory of excitation
82. P.A. Molchanov - meteorologist, created the world's first radiosonde
83. N.A. Umov - a physicist, the equation of energy movement, the concept of energy flow; by the way, first explained
practically and without aether delusions of the theory of relativity
84. E.S. Fedorov - the founder of crystallography
85. G.S. Petrov - chemist, the world's first synthetic detergent
86. V.F. Petrushevsky - scientist and general, invented a rangefinder for artillerymen
87. I.I. Orlov - invented a method for making woven banknotes and a method for single-pass multiple printing (Orlov printing)
88. Mikhail Ostrogradsky - mathematician, O. formula (multiple integral)
89. P.L. Chebyshev - mathematician, Ch. polynomials (orthogonal system of functions), parallelogram
90. P.A. Cherenkov - physicist, Ch. radiation (new optical effect), Ch. counter (detector of nuclear radiation in nuclear physics)
91. D.K. Chernov - points Ch. (critical points of phase transformations of steel)
92. V.I. Kalashnikov is not the same Kalashnikov, but another, who was the first in the world to equip river ships with a steam engine with multiple steam expansion
93. A.V. Kirsanov - organic chemist, reaction K. (phosphozoreaction)
94. A.M. Lyapunov - mathematician, created the theory of stability, equilibrium and motion of mechanical systems with a finite number of parameters, as well as L.'s theorem (one of the limit theorems of probability theory)
95. Dmitry Konovalov - chemist, Konovalov's laws (elasticity of parasolutions)
96. S.N. Reformatsky - organic chemist, Reformatsky reaction
97. V.A. Semennikov - metallurgist, the first in the world to carry out the semerization of copper matte and get blister copper
98. I.R. Prigogine - physicist, P.'s theorem (thermodynamics of non-equilibrium processes)
99. M.M. Protodyakonov - a scientist, developed a scale of rock strength generally accepted in the world
100. M.F. Shostakovsky - organic chemist, balm Sh. (vinylin)
101. M.S. Color - Color method (chromatography of plant pigments)
102. A.N. Tupolev - designed the world's first jet passenger aircraft and the first supersonic passenger aircraft
103. A.S. Famintsyn - a plant physiologist, was the first to develop a method for implementing photosynthetic processes under artificial lighting
104. B.S. Stechkin - created two great theories - the thermal calculation of aircraft engines and jet engines
105. A.I. Leipunsky - physicist, discovered the phenomenon of energy transfer by excited atoms and molecules to free electrons during collisions
106. D.D. Maksutov - optician, telescope M. (meniscus system of optical instruments)
107. N.A. Menshutkin - chemist, discovered the effect of a solvent on the rate of a chemical reaction
108. I.I. Mechnikov - the founders of evolutionary embryology
109. S.N. Winogradsky - discovered chemosynthesis
110. V.S. Pyatov - metallurgist, invented a method for the production of armor plates by rolling
111. A.I. Bakhmutsky - invented the world's first coal combine (for coal mining)
112. A.N. Belozersky - discovered DNA in higher plants
113. S.S. Bryukhonenko - physiologist, created the first heart-lung machine in the world (autojector)
114. G.P. Georgiev - biochemist, discovered RNA in the nuclei of animal cells
115. E. A. Murzin - invented the world's first optical-electronic synthesizer "ANS"
116. P.M. Golubitsky - Russian inventor in the field of telephony
117. V. F. Mitkevich - for the first time in the world proposed the use of a three-phase arc for welding metals
118. L.N. Gobyato - colonel, the world's first mortar was invented in Russia in 1904
119. V.G. Shukhov, an inventor, was the first in the world to use steel mesh shells for the construction of buildings and towers
120. I.F. Kruzenshtern and Yu.F. Lisyansky - made the first Russian round-the-world trip, studied the islands of the Pacific Ocean, described the life of Kamchatka and about. Sakhalin
121. F.F. Bellingshausen and M.P. Lazarev - discovered Antarctica
122. The world's first icebreaker of the modern type - the steamer of the Russian fleet "Pilot" (1864), the first Arctic icebreaker - "Ermak", built in 1899 under the leadership of S.O. Makarov.
123. VN Sukachev (1880-1967) He determined the main provisions of biogeocenology. Founder of biogeocenology, one of the founders of the doctrine of phytocenosis, its structure, classification, dynamics, relationships with the environment and its animal population
124. Alexander Nesmeyanov, Alexander Arbuzov, Grigory Razuvaev - creation of chemistry of organoelement compounds.
125. V.I. Levkov - under his leadership, for the first time in the world, air-cushion vehicles were created
126. G.N. Babakin - Russian designer, creator of Soviet moon rovers
127. P.N. Nesterov - the first in the world to complete a closed curve in a vertical plane on an airplane, a "dead loop", later called the "Nesterov loop"
128. B. B. Golitsyn - became the founder of a new science of seismology
And all this is only a small part of the Russian contribution to world science and culture. At the same time, here I am not talking about the contribution to art, to most of the social sciences, and this contribution is far from small.
And among other things, there is a contribution in the form of phenomena and objects, which I do not take into account in this study.
Such as "Kalashnikov assault rifle", "First Cosmonaut", "First Ekranoplan" and many others. Of course, it is impossible to list everything. But even such a cursory glance allows us to draw the necessary conclusions ...
It is difficult for us today to imagine that 200 years ago people did not know anything about electricity, most modern modes of transport, television, not to mention mobile phones, Skype, the Internet and other components of the modern information society.
In this regard, it will be interesting to consider the authorship of which inventions, which have become crucial for the development of mankind, belongs to Russian inventors. Of course, it is impossible to cover all areas of invention, so this article will contain a certain amount of selectivity and subjectivity. Let's make a reservation right away that in the Russian state the main components of patent law (which is directly related to establishing the primacy of an invention) have been formed only since the 1930s. XIX century, while in the West they got acquainted with this concept a little earlier. And so the phrases “first invented” and “first patented” were far from always identical.
Military, weapons
1. G. E. Kotelnikov - inventor of the backpack parachute. While in the theater, the inventor saw in the hands of one lady a tightly folded piece of fabric, which, after a little effort of the hands, turned into a loose scarf. So, in the head of Kotelnikov appeared the principle of the parachute. Unfortunately, the novelty was initially recognized abroad, and only during the First World War did the tsarist government remember the existence of this useful invention.
Gleb Kotelnikov with his invention.
By the way, the inventor had other ideas that have not yet been implemented.
2. N. D. Zelinsky - invented a filtering coal gas mask. Despite the Hague Convention prohibiting the use of toxic substances? In the First World War, the use of poison gas became a reality, and therefore representatives of the warring countries began to look for ways to protect themselves from this dangerous weapon. It was then that Zelinsky offered his know-how - a gas mask in which activated carbon was used as a filter, which, as it turned out, successfully neutralized all poisonous substances.
Russian soldiers in Zelinsky gas masks on the front line during the First World War
3. L. N. Gobyato - the inventor of the mortar-mortar. The invention appeared in the field during the Russian-Japanese war of 1904-1905. Faced with a problem - the need to knock out enemy forces from the trenches and trenches located in the immediate vicinity, Gobyato and his assistant Vasiliev suggested using a light 47-mm naval gun on wheels under these conditions. Instead of conventional projectiles, improvised pole mines were used, which were fired at a certain angle along a hinged trajectory.
Mortar system Gobyato on the positions of Mount High. D. Buzaev
4. I. F. Aleksandrovsky - the inventor of a self-propelled mine (torpedo) and the first mechanically driven submarine in the domestic fleet.
Submarine Alexandrovsky
5. V. G. Fedorov - the creator of the world's first automatic machine. Actually, the machine gun was originally understood as an automatic rifle, which Fedorov began to create even before the start of the First World War - in 1913. Only from 1916, the invention gradually began to be used in hostilities, although, of course, the machine gun became a weapon of mass distribution during the Second World War .
Automatic Fedorov system
Communication facilities, information transfer
1. A. S. Popov - the inventor of the radio. On May 7, 1895, at a meeting of the Russian Physical and Chemical Society at St. Petersburg University, he demonstrated the operation of a radio receiver he invented, but did not have time to patent it. The patent and the Nobel Prize (together with C. F. Brown) for the invention of the radio were received by the Italian G. Marconi.
Radio Popova
2. GG Ignatiev - for the first time in the world developed a system of simultaneous telephony and telegraphy over one cable.
3. V. K. Zworykin - the inventor of television and television broadcasting on the electronic principle. Developed an iconoscope, a kinescope, the basics of color television. Unfortunately, most of his discoveries were made in the USA, where he emigrated in 1919.
4. A. M. Ponyatov - inventor of the video recorder. Like Zworykin, he emigrated from Russia during the Civil War, and, once in the United States, continued his developments in the field of electronics. In 1956, Ampex, led by Poniatow, produced the world's first commercial video recorder.
Ponyatov with his brainchild
5. I. A. Timchenko - developed the world's first movie camera. In 1893, in Odessa, on a large piece of white sheet, the first two films in the world were shown - "The Spear Thrower" and "The Galloping Horseman". They were demonstrated with the help of a movie camera, which was designed by the mechanic-inventor Timchenko. In 1895, a patent for the invention of the movie camera was received by Louis Jean Lumiere, who, together with his brother, are considered the founders of cinema.
Medicine
1. N. I. Pirogov - the first use of anesthesia in military field surgery during the Caucasian War in 1847. It was Pirogov who began to use starch-impregnated bandages, which turned out to be very effective. In addition, he introduced a fixed plaster cast into medical practice.
Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov was the first to use anesthesia in military field surgery
2. G. A. Ilizarov - the device designed by him in 1953 is named after this inventor. It is used in orthopedics, traumatology, and surgery. The device is an iron structure, consisting of rings and spokes, and is mainly known for healing fractures, straightening deformed bones, and aligning the legs.
Layout schemes of the Ilizarov apparatus
3. S. S. Bryukhonenko - created the world's first heart-lung machine (autojector). With the help of experiments, he proved that the revival of the human body after clinical death is possible in the same way as open-heart surgery, organ transplantation and the creation of an artificial heart.
Today, surgeons can no longer do without artificial blood circulation devices, and the merit in their creation belongs to our compatriot
4. V. P. Demikhov - one of the founders of transplantology. He was the first in the world to perform a lung transplant, and the first to create a model of an artificial heart. Experimenting on dogs in the 1940s was able to transplant a second heart, and then replace the dog's heart with a donor one. Experiments on dogs subsequently saved thousands of lives
5. Fedorov S. N. - radial keratomy. In 1973, for the first time in the world, he developed and performed operations for the treatment of glaucoma in the early stages (a method of deep sclerectomy, which subsequently received international recognition). A year later, Fedorov began to carry out operations for the treatment and correction of myopia by applying anterior dosed incisions to the cornea according to the method he developed. In total, more than 3 million such operations have already been performed worldwide.
Among other things, Academician Fedorov was the first in the country to perform an operation to replace the lens of the eye.
Electricity
1. A. N. Lodygin - electric incandescent light bulb. In 1872, A. N. Lodygin patented the world's first incandescent electric light bulb. It used a carbon rod, which was placed in a vacuum flask.
Lodygin was not only able to develop an incandescent lamp, but also patented it
2. P. N. Yablochkov - invented an arc lamp (went down in history under the name "Yablochkov's candle"). In 1877, Yablochkov's "candles" lit up some streets of European capitals. They were disposable, they burned for less than 2 hours, but at the same time they shone quite brightly.
"Candle" Yablochkov lit up the streets of Paris
3. M. O. Dolivo-Dobrovolsky - three-phase power supply system. At the end of the XIX century. a Russian inventor with Polish roots invented something that is now familiar to any electrician and is successfully used all over the world.
The three-phase system developed by Dolivo-Dobrovolsky is still successfully used today.
4. D. A. Lachinov - proved the possibility of transmitting electricity through wires over long distances.
5. VV Petrov - developed the world's largest galvanic battery, discovered the electric arc.
Transport
1. A. F. Mozhaisky - the creator of the first aircraft. In 1882, Mozhaisky built an aircraft, but during tests near St. Petersburg, the aircraft separated from the ground, but, being unstable, rolled over on its side and broke its wing. This circumstance in the West is often used as an argument that the inventor of the aircraft should be considered the one who was able to take off above the ground in a horizontal position, i.e. Wright brothers.
Mozhaisky aircraft model
2. I. I. Sikorsky - the creator of the first serial helicopter. Back in 1908-1910. designed two helicopters, but none of the built helicopters could take off with a pilot. Sikorsky returned to helicopters in the late 1930s, already working in the United States, having designed a model of a single-rotor helicopter S-46 (VC-300).
Sikorsky at the controls of his first "flying" helicopter
The Greatness of the Russian Spirit, or What the Russians Created
Once visiting my close friend, I was stunned by the incredible picture that opened up to me during a conversation with his young son, whose godfather I am. Formed as a result of the Russophobic and Russoborist policy of our state, and in particular the ministry, supposedly, a picture of the worldview of our children. I will retell the dialogue that I had with an almost 11-year-old boy, which struck me so much.
Danila, that's my godson's name, called me to the computer, on which he was playing some kind of game, to show me the magnificence of his game tank, on which he fought virtually. Glancing at the tank, I praised it for its victories in the game and scolded it for choosing the “ ” model, which is American, and not one of our tanks, which in many ways exceeds identical models from Western manufacturers. To this remark of mine, he replied that he liked American tanks. But I will not indulge in comparatively descriptive characteristics of tank technology, delving into the history of wars and the military industry because of the taste preferences of an 11-year-old boy in a computer game. Therefore, shrugging my shoulders, I, returning to reading some book, decided to remain silent.
However, already moving away from the table at which Danila was sitting, quite unexpectedly, a historical fact about the invention of the tank surfaced in my memory - by the British. What I told my young godson. What I heard in response amazed me, forced me to return and continue the conversation. And he told me the following. "It turns out" that everything in the world was invented by Americans and Europeans. That the Russians have never created anything and are not able to create anything. That it was the Americans and Europeans who created the best and most necessary things, and the Russians only buy everything from them. And so on in the same vein.
To my question, why did he get it, and who told him this, he replied that everyone knows this, and everyone says so. I thought about who these “everyone” are in the mind of an 11-year-old child: kindergarten, school, TV, friends, comrades, my parents and other people's parents, and in general older people who, supposedly knowing a lot, are trusted by children. Of course, I immediately began to remember the great Russian scientists and inventors, list their endless merits. Mendeleev, Popov, Sikorsky, Pirogov and many others that I could immediately think of. The child listened to me with an open mouth, eyes wide with amazement, in which mistrust slipped through, and incredible interest.
He simply did not suspect all this! What I was told at the end of the conversation. Leaving Danila in his bewilderment and the continuation of the games, I returned to reading. However, the text was not perceived, and this conversation that took place kept scrolling in my head. I was overwhelmed with feelings, I was indignant.
A few days later, in a conversation with my friend, Danila's father, I remembered this incident and retold it to the parent of my godson. Summing up the conversation, I suggested that my friend should pay closer attention to his son and try to eliminate these flawed gaps in his worldview. As it turned out, my friend was genuinely amazed by my retelling, especially that the British invented the tank.
Of course, in general, he completely agrees with me. Moreover, he himself would like to eliminate the gaps in his knowledge, although, of course, he is well aware of the Russian Victories and the degree of contribution to world culture and God bless them with tanks. Moreover, as a young scientist, he himself is directly related to Russian science and its contributions to history.
This is the premise of this article that I want to present to you, or rather the list of Russian Victories and Contributions to World Culture, which you will find below. If you know interesting facts from the history of inventions and discoveries made by representatives of Russian civilization, if you follow new outstanding discoveries, and also in order to preserve and accumulate such facts that testify to the Greatness of Russian civilization, then join the ru_geniy community and share with all this information. Together we will prepare the basis for educating future generations in line with love and commitment to our people.
What did the Russians create?
P.N. Yablochkov and A.N. Lodygin (the world's first electric light bulb)
A.S. Popov (inventor of Radio)
V.K. Zworykin (the world's first electron microscope, television and television broadcasting)
A.F. Mozhaisky (inventor of the world's first aircraft)
I.I. Sikorsky (The great aircraft designer created the world's first helicopter, the world's first bomber)
A.M. Ponyatov (the world's first video recorder)
S.P. Korolev (the world's first ballistic missile, spacecraft, the first Earth satellite)
A.M. Prokhorov and N.G. Basov (the world's first quantum generator - maser)
S.V. Kovalevskaya (the world's first female professor)
CM. Prokudin-Gorsky (the world's first color photograph)
A.A. Alekseev (creator of the needle screen)
F. Pirotsky (the world's first electric tram)
F. Blinov (the world's first caterpillar tractor)
V.A. Starevich (3D animated film)
EAT. Artamonov (invented the world's first bicycle with pedals, steering wheel, turning wheel)
O.V. Losev (the world's first amplifying and generating semiconductor device)
V.P. Mutilin (the world's first construction harvester)
A. R. Vlasenko (the world's first grain harvester)
V.P. Demikhov (the first in the world to perform a lung transplant, and the first to create a model of an artificial heart)
HELL. Sakharov (the world's first hydrogen bomb)
A.P. Vinogradov (created a new direction in science - isotope geochemistry)
I.I. Polzunov (the world's first heat engine)
G.E. Kotelnikov (first backpack rescue parachute)
I.V. Kurchatov (the world's first nuclear power plant)
M.O. Dolivo-Dobrovolsky (invented a three-phase current system, built a three-phase transformer)
V.P. Vologdin (the world's first high-voltage liquid cathode mercury rectifier, developed induction furnaces for the use of high-frequency currents in industry)
S.O. Kostovich (created the world's first gasoline engine in 1879)
V.P. Glushko (the world's first electric / thermal rocket engine)
V.V. Petrov (discovered the phenomenon of an arc discharge)
N.G. Slavyanov (electric arc welding)
I.F. Aleksandrovsky (invented the stereo camera)
D.P. Grigorovich (creator of the seaplane)
V.G. Fedorov (the world's first machine gun)
A.K. Nartov (built the world's first lathe with a movable caliper)
M.V. Lomonosov (for the first time in science he formulated the principle of conservation of matter and motion, for the first time in the world he began to teach a course in physical chemistry, for the first time he discovered the existence of an atmosphere on Venus)
I.P. Kulibin (mechanic, developed the project of the world's first wooden arched single-span bridge)
V.V. Petrov (physicist, developed the world's largest galvanic battery; discovered the electric arc)
P.I. Prokopovich (for the first time in the world he invented a frame hive, in which he used a store with frames)
N.I. Lobachevsky (mathematician, creator of "non-Euclidean geometry")
YES. Zagryazhsky (invented the caterpillar)
B.O. Jacobi (invented electroforming and the world's first electric motor with direct rotation of the working shaft)
P.P. Anosov (metallurgist, revealed the secret of making ancient damask steel)
DI. Zhuravsky (first developed the theory of bridge truss calculations, which is currently used throughout the world)
N.I. Pirogov (for the first time in the world he compiled the atlas "Topographic Anatomy", which has no analogues, invented anesthesia, gypsum and much more)
A.M. Butlerov (for the first time formulated the main provisions of the theory of the structure of organic compounds)
THEM. Sechenov (creator of evolutionary and other schools of physiology, published his main work "Reflexes of the brain")
DI. Mendeleev (discovered the periodic law of chemical elements, creator of the table of the same name)
G.G. Ignatiev (for the first time in the world he developed a system of simultaneous telephony and telegraphy over one cable)
K.S. Drzewiecki (built the world's first electric powered submarine)
N.I. Kibalchich (for the first time in the world he developed a scheme of a rocket aircraft)
N.N. Benardos (invented electric welding)
V.V. Dokuchaev (laid the foundations of genetic soil science)
IN AND. Sreznevsky (engineer, invented the world's first aerial camera)
When they tell you that Russia is the Motherland of bast shoes and balalaikas, grin at this person in the face and list at least 10 items from this list. I think it's a shame not to know such things.
And this is just a small part:
1. P.N. Yablochkov and A.N. Lodygin - the world's first electric light bulb
2. A.S. Popov - radio
3. V.K. Zworykin (the world's first electron microscope, television and broadcasting)
4. A.F. Mozhaisky - the inventor of the world's first aircraft
5. I.I. Sikorsky - a great aircraft designer, created the world's first helicopter, the world's first bomber
6. A.M. Ponyatov - the world's first video recorder
7. S.P. Korolev - the world's first ballistic missile, spacecraft, the first satellite of the Earth
8. A.M. Prokhorov and N.G. Basov - the world's first quantum generator - maser
9. S. V. Kovalevskaya (the world's first female professor)
10. S.M. Prokudin-Gorsky - the world's first color photograph
11. A.A. Alekseev - the creator of the needle screen
12. F.A. Pirotsky - the world's first electric tram
13. F.A. Blinov - the world's first caterpillar tractor
14. V.A. Starevich - volume-animated film
15. E.M. Artamonov - invented the world's first bicycle with pedals, a steering wheel, a turning wheel
16. O.V. Losev - the world's first amplifying and generating semiconductor device
17. V.P. Mutilin - the world's first mounted construction harvester
18. A. R. Vlasenko - the world's first grain harvester
19. V.P. Demikhov - the first in the world to perform a lung transplant and the first to create a model of an artificial heart
20. A.P. Vinogradov - created a new direction in science - isotope geochemistry
21. I.I. Polzunov - the world's first heat engine
22. G. E. Kotelnikov - the first backpack rescue parachute
23. I.V. Kurchatov is the world's first nuclear power plant (Obninsk), also under his leadership, the world's first hydrogen bomb with a capacity of 400 kt was developed, detonated on August 12, 1953. It was the Kurchatov team that developed the RDS-202 thermonuclear bomb (Tsar bomb) with a record power of 52,000 kt.
24. M. O. Dolivo-Dobrovolsky - invented a three-phase current system, built a three-phase transformer, which put an end to the dispute between supporters of direct (Edison) and alternating current
25. V. P. Vologdin, the world's first high-voltage mercury rectifier with a liquid cathode, developed induction furnaces for the use of high-frequency currents in industry.
26. S.O. Kostovich - created the world's first gasoline engine in 1879
27. V.P. Glushko - the world's first electric / thermal rocket engine
28. V. V. Petrov - discovered the phenomenon of an arc discharge
29. N. G. Slavyanov - electric arc welding
30. I. F. Aleksandrovsky - invented a stereo camera
31. D.P. Grigorovich - creator of the seaplane
32. V. G. Fedorov - the world's first automatic
33. A.K. Nartov - built the world's first lathe with a movable caliper
34. M.V. Lomonosov - for the first time in science formulated the principle of conservation of matter and motion, for the first time in the world he began to teach a course in physical chemistry, for the first time he discovered the existence of an atmosphere on Venus
35. I.P. Kulibin - mechanic, developed the project of the world's first wooden arched single-span bridge, inventor of the searchlight
36. VV Petrov - physicist, developed the world's largest galvanic battery; opened an electric arc
37. P.I. Prokopovich - for the first time in the world invented a frame hive, in which he used a frame shop
38. N.I. Lobachevsky - Mathematician, creator of "non-Euclidean geometry"
39. D.A. Zagryazhsky - invented the caterpillar
40. B.O. Jacobi - invented electroforming and the world's first electric motor with direct rotation of the working shaft
41. P.P. Anosov - metallurgist, revealed the secret of making ancient damask steel
42. D.I. Zhuravsky - for the first time developed the theory of calculations of bridge trusses, which is currently used all over the world
43. N.I. Pirogov - for the first time in the world compiled an atlas "Topographic Anatomy", which has no analogues, invented anesthesia, gypsum and much more
44. I.R. Hermann - for the first time in the world compiled a summary of uranium minerals
45. A.M. Butlerov - for the first time formulated the main provisions of the theory of the structure of organic compounds
46. I.M. Sechenov - the creator of evolutionary and other schools of physiology, published his main work “Reflexes of the brain”
47. D.I. Mendeleev - discovered the periodic law of chemical elements, the creator of the table of the same name
48. M.A. Novinsky - veterinarian, laid the foundations of experimental oncology
49. G.G. Ignatiev - for the first time in the world developed a system of simultaneous telephony and telegraphy over one cable
50. K.S. Dzhevetsky - built the world's first submarine with an electric motor
51. N.I. Kibalchich - for the first time in the world developed a scheme of a rocket aircraft
52. N.N. Benardos - invented electric welding
53. V.V. Dokuchaev - laid the foundations of genetic soil science
54. V. I. Sreznevsky - Engineer, invented the world's first aerial camera
55. A.G. Stoletov - physicist, for the first time in the world created a photocell based on an external photoelectric effect
56. P.D. Kuzminsky - built the world's first radial gas turbine
57. I.V. Boldyrev - the first flexible light-sensitive non-combustible film, formed the basis for the creation of cinema
58. I.A. Timchenko - developed the world's first movie camera
59. S.M.Apostolov-Berdichevsky and M.F.Freidenberg - created the world's first automatic telephone exchange
60. N.D. Pilchikov - physicist, for the first time in the world created and successfully demonstrated a wireless control system
61. V.A. Gassiev - engineer, built the world's first phototypesetting machine
62. K.E. Tsiolkovsky - the founder of astronautics
63. P.N. Lebedev - physicist, for the first time in science experimentally proved the existence of light pressure on solids
64. I.P. Pavlov - creator of the science of higher nervous activity
65. V. I. Vernadsky - naturalist, creator of many scientific schools
66. A.N.Skryabin - composer, for the first time in the world used lighting effects in the symphonic poem "Prometheus"
67. N.E. Zhukovsky - creator of aerodynamics
68. S.V. Lebedev - first received artificial rubber
69. GA Tikhov - astronomer, for the first time in the world established that the Earth, when observed from space, should have a blue color. Later, as you know, this was confirmed when shooting our planet from space.
70. N.D. Zelinsky - developed the world's first carbon highly effective gas mask
71. N.P. Dubinin - geneticist, discovered gene divisibility
72. M.A. Kapelyushnikov - invented the turbodrill in 1922
73. E.K. Zavoisky discovered electric paramagnetic resonance
74. N.I. Lunin - proved that there are vitamins in the body of living beings
75. N.P. Wagner - discovered insect pedogenesis
76. Svyatoslav Fedorov - the first in the world to perform an operation to treat glaucoma
77. S.S. Yudin - for the first time used in the clinic the blood transfusion of suddenly dead people
78. A.V. Shubnikov - predicted existence and created piezoelectric textures for the first time
79. L.V. Shubnikov - Shubnikov-de Haas effect (magnetic properties of superconductors)
80. N.A. Izgaryshev - discovered the phenomenon of passivity of metals in non-aqueous electrolytes
81. P.P. Lazarev - the creator of the ionic theory of excitation
82. P.A. Molchanov - meteorologist, created the world's first radiosonde
83. N.A. Umov - physicist, equation of motion of energy, concept of energy flow; by the way, he was the first to explain practically and without ether the fallacies of the theory of relativity
84. E.S. Fedorov - the founder of crystallography
85. G.S. Petrov - chemist, the world's first synthetic detergent
86. V.F. Petrushevsky - scientist and general, invented a rangefinder for artillerymen
87. I.I. Orlov - invented a method for making woven banknotes and a method for single-pass multiple printing (Orlov printing)
88. Mikhail Ostrogradsky - mathematician, O. formula (multiple integral)
89. P.L. Chebyshev - mathematician, Ch. polynomials (orthogonal system of functions), parallelogram
90. P.A. Cherenkov - physicist, Ch. radiation (new optical effect), Ch. counter (detector of nuclear radiation in nuclear physics)
91. D.K. Chernov - points Ch. (critical points of phase transformations of steel)
92. V.I. Kalashnikov is not the same Kalashnikov, but another, who was the first in the world to equip river vessels with a steam engine with multiple steam expansion
93. A.V. Kirsanov - organic chemist, reaction K. (phosphozoreaction)
94. A.M. Lyapunov, a mathematician, created the theory of stability, equilibrium, and motion of mechanical systems with a finite number of parameters, as well as L.'s theorem (one of the limiting theorems of probability theory)
95. Dmitry Konovalov - chemist, Konovalov's laws (elasticity of parasolutions)
96. S.N. Reformatsky - organic chemist, Reformatsky reaction
97. V.A. Semennikov - metallurgist, the first in the world to carry out the semerization of copper matte and get blister copper
98. I.R. Prigogine - physicist, P.'s theorem (thermodynamics of non-equilibrium processes)
99. M.M. Protodyakonov - a scientist, developed a scale of rock strength generally accepted in the world
100. M.F. Shostakovsky - organic chemist, balm Sh. (vinylin)
101. M.S. Color - Color method (chromatography of plant pigments)
102. A.N. Tupolev - designed the world's first jet passenger aircraft and the first supersonic passenger aircraft
103. A.S. Famintsyn, a plant physiologist, was the first to develop a method for carrying out photosynthetic processes under artificial lighting.
104. B.S. Stechkin - created two great theories - the thermal calculation of aircraft engines and jet engines
105. A.I. Leipunsky - physicist, discovered the phenomenon of energy transfer by excited atoms and molecules to free electrons during collisions
106. D.D. Maksutov - optician, telescope M. (meniscus system of optical instruments)
107. N.A. Menshutkin - chemist, discovered the effect of a solvent on the rate of a chemical reaction
108. I.I. Mechnikov - the founders of evolutionary embryology
109. S.N. Winogradsky - discovered chemosynthesis
110. V.S. Pyatov - metallurgist, invented a method for the production of armor plates by rolling
111. A.I. Bakhmutsky - invented the world's first coal combine (for coal mining)
112. A.N. Belozersky - discovered DNA in higher plants
113. S.S. Bryukhonenko - physiologist, created the first heart-lung machine in the world (autojector)
114. G.P. Georgiev - biochemist, discovered RNA in the nuclei of animal cells
115. E. A. Murzin - invented the world's first optical-electronic synthesizer "ANS"
116. P.M. Golubitsky - Russian inventor in the field of telephony
117. V. F. Mitkevich - for the first time in the world proposed the use of a three-phase arc for welding metals
118. L.N. Gobyato - colonel, the world's first mortar was invented in Russia in 1904
119. V.G. Shukhov, an inventor, was the first in the world to use steel mesh shells for the construction of buildings and towers
120. I.F. Kruzenshtern and Yu.F. Lisyansky - made the first Russian round-the-world trip, studied the islands of the Pacific Ocean, described the life of Kamchatka and Fr. Sakhalin
121. F.F. Bellingshausen and M.P. Lazarev - discovered Antarctica
122. The world's first icebreaker of the modern type is the steamship of the Russian fleet "Pilot" (1864), the first Arctic icebreaker is the "Ermak", built in 1899 under the direction of S.O. Makarov.
P.N. Yablochkov and A.N. Lodygin - the world's first electric light bulb
A.S. Popov - radio
V.K. Zworykin - the world's first electron microscope, television and broadcasting
A.F. Mozhaisky - the inventor of the world's first aircraft
I.I. Sikorsky - a great aircraft designer, created the world's first helicopter, the world's first bomber
A.M. Ponyatov - the world's first video recorder
S.P. Korolev - the world's first ballistic missile, spacecraft, the first satellite of the Earth
A.M. Prokhorov and N.G. Basov - the world's first quantum generator - maser
S. V. Kovalevskaya (the world's first female professor)
CM. Prokudin-Gorsky - the world's first color photograph
A.A. Alekseev - the creator of the needle screen
F. Pirotsky - the world's first electric tram
F.A. Blinov - the world's first caterpillar tractor
V.A. Starevich - volume-animated film
EAT. Artamonov - invented the world's first bicycle with pedals, a steering wheel, a turning wheel
O.V. Losev - the world's first amplifying and generating semiconductor device
V.P. Mutilin - the world's first mounted construction harvester
A. R. Vlasenko - the world's first grain harvester
V.P. Demikhov - the first in the world to perform a lung transplant and the first to create a model of an artificial heart
A.P. Vinogradov - created a new direction in science - isotope geochemistry
I.I. Polzunov - the world's first heat engine
G. E. Kotelnikov - the first backpack rescue parachute
I.V. Kurchatov is the world's first nuclear power plant (Obninsk), also under his leadership, the world's first hydrogen bomb with a capacity of 400 kt was developed, detonated on August 12, 1953. It was the Kurchatov team that developed the RDS-202 thermonuclear bomb (Tsar bomb) with a record power of 52,000 kt.
M. O. Dolivo-Dobrovolsky - invented a three-phase current system, built a three-phase transformer, which put an end to the dispute between supporters of direct (Edison) and alternating current
V. P. Vologdin, the world's first high-voltage mercury rectifier with a liquid cathode, developed induction furnaces for the use of high-frequency currents in industry
S.O. Kostovich - created the world's first gasoline engine in 1879
V.P. Glushko - the world's first electric / thermal rocket engine
V. V. Petrov - discovered the phenomenon of an arc discharge
N. G. Slavyanov - electric arc welding
I. F. Aleksandrovsky - invented a stereo camera
D.P. Grigorovich - creator of the seaplane
V.G. Fedorov - the world's first machine gun
A.K. Nartov - built the world's first lathe with a movable caliper
M.V. Lomonosov - for the first time in science formulated the principle of conservation of matter and motion, for the first time in the world he began to teach a course in physical chemistry, for the first time he discovered the existence of an atmosphere on Venus
I.P. Kulibin - mechanic, developed the project of the world's first wooden arched single-span bridge, inventor of the searchlight
VV Petrov - physicist, developed the world's largest galvanic battery; opened an electric arc
P.I. Prokopovich - for the first time in the world invented a frame hive, in which he used a store with frames
N.I. Lobachevsky - Mathematician, creator of "non-Euclidean geometry"
D.A.Zagryazhsky - invented the caterpillar
B.O. Jacobi - invented electroforming and the world's first electric motor with direct rotation of the working shaft
P.P. Anosov - metallurgist, revealed the secret of making ancient damask steel
D.I.Zhuravsky - for the first time developed the theory of calculations of bridge trusses, which is currently used all over the world
N.I. Pirogov - for the first time in the world compiled the atlas "Topographic Anatomy", which has no analogues, invented anesthesia, gypsum and much more
I.R. Hermann - for the first time in the world compiled a summary of uranium minerals
A.M. Butlerov - for the first time formulated the main provisions of the theory of the structure of organic compounds
I.M. Sechenov - the creator of evolutionary and other schools of physiology, published his main work "Reflexes of the brain"
D.I. Mendeleev - discovered the periodic law of chemical elements, the creator of the table of the same name
M.A. Novinsky - veterinarian, laid the foundations of experimental oncology
G.G. Ignatiev - for the first time in the world developed a system of simultaneous telephony and telegraphy over one cable
K.S. Dzhevetsky - built the world's first submarine with an electric motor
N.I.Kibalchich - for the first time in the world developed a scheme of a rocket aircraft
N.N.Benardos - invented electric welding
V.V. Dokuchaev - laid the foundations of genetic soil science
V.I. Sreznevsky - Engineer, invented the world's first aerial camera
A.G. Stoletov - physicist, for the first time in the world created a photocell based on the external photoelectric effect
P.D. Kuzminsky - built the world's first radial gas turbine
I.V. Boldyrev - the first flexible light-sensitive non-combustible film, formed the basis for the creation of cinema
I.A. Timchenko - developed the world's first movie camera
S.M. Apostolov-Berdichevsky and M.F. Freidenberg - created the world's first automatic telephone exchange
N.D. Pilchikov - physicist, for the first time in the world created and successfully demonstrated a wireless control system
V.A. Gassiev - engineer, built the world's first phototypesetting machine
K.E. Tsiolkovsky - the founder of astronautics
P.N. Lebedev - physicist, for the first time in science experimentally proved the existence of light pressure on solids
I.P. Pavlov - the creator of the science of higher nervous activity
V.I.Vernadsky - naturalist, founder of many scientific schools
A.N.Scriabin - composer, for the first time in the world used lighting effects in the symphonic poem "Prometheus"
N.E. Zhukovsky - creator of aerodynamics
S.V. Lebedev - first received artificial rubber
GA Tikhov, an astronomer, was the first in the world to establish that the Earth, when observed from space, should have a blue color. Later, as you know, this was confirmed when shooting our planet from space.
N.D.Zelinsky - developed the world's first carbon highly effective gas mask
N.P. Dubinin - geneticist, discovered gene divisibility
M.A. Kapelyushnikov - invented the turbodrill in 1922
E.K. Zavoisky - discovered electric paramagnetic resonance
N.I. Lunin - proved that there are vitamins in the body of living beings
N.P. Wagner - discovered insect pedogenesis
Svyatoslav Fedorov - the first in the world to perform an operation to treat glaucoma
S.S. Yudin - for the first time used in the clinic the blood transfusion of suddenly dead people
A.V. Shubnikov - predicted existence and created piezoelectric textures for the first time
L.V. Shubnikov - Shubnikov-de Haas effect (magnetic properties of superconductors)
ON THE. Izgaryshev - discovered the phenomenon of passivity of metals in non-aqueous electrolytes
P.P. Lazarev - creator of the ion theory of excitation
P.A. Molchanov - meteorologist, created the world's first radiosonde
ON THE. Umov - a physicist, the equation of energy movement, the concept of energy flow; by the way, he was the first to explain practically and without ether the fallacies of the theory of relativity
E.S. Fedorov - the founder of crystallography
G.S. Petrov - chemist, the world's first synthetic detergent
V.F. Petrushevsky - scientist and general, invented a range finder for gunners
I.I. Orlov - invented a method for making woven banknotes and a method for single-pass multiple printing (Orlov printing)
Mikhail Ostrogradsky - mathematician, O. formula (multiple integral)
P.L. Chebyshev - mathematician, Ch. polynomials (orthogonal system of functions), parallelogram
P.A. Cherenkov - physicist, Ch. radiation (new optical effect), Ch. counter (detector of nuclear radiation in nuclear physics)
D.K. Chernov - points Ch. (critical points of phase transformations of steel)
IN AND. Kalashnikov is not the same Kalashnikov, but another, who was the first in the world to equip river ships with a steam engine with multiple steam expansion
A.V. Kirsanov - organic chemist, reaction K. (phosphozoreaction)
A.M. Lyapunov - mathematician, created the theory of stability, equilibrium and motion of mechanical systems with a finite number of parameters, as well as L.'s theorem (one of the limit theorems of probability theory)
Dmitry Konovalov - chemist, Konovalov's laws (elasticity of parasolutions)
S.N. Reformatsky - organic chemist, Reformatsky reaction
V.A.Semennikov - metallurgist, was the first in the world to carry out the semerization of copper matte and obtain blister copper
I.R. Prigogine - physicist, P.'s theorem (thermodynamics of non-equilibrium processes)
MM. Protodyakonov - a scientist, developed a scale of rock strength generally accepted in the world
M.F. Shostakovsky - organic chemist, balm Sh. (vinylin)
M.S. Color - Color method (chromatography of plant pigments)
A.N. Tupolev - designed the world's first jet passenger aircraft and the first supersonic passenger aircraft
A.S. Famintsyn - a plant physiologist, was the first to develop a method for implementing photosynthetic processes under artificial lighting
B.S. Stechkin - created two great theories - the thermal calculation of aircraft engines and jet engines
A.I. Leipunsky - physicist, discovered the phenomenon of energy transfer by excited atoms and
molecules to free electrons in collisions
D.D. Maksutov - optician, telescope M. (meniscus system of optical instruments)
ON THE. Menshutkin - chemist, discovered the effect of a solvent on the rate of a chemical reaction
I.I. Mechnikov - the founders of evolutionary embryology
S.N. Winogradsky - discovered chemosynthesis
V.S. Pyatov - metallurgist, invented a method for the production of armor plates by rolling
A.I. Bakhmutsky - invented the world's first coal combine (for coal mining)
A.N. Belozersky - discovered DNA in higher plants
S.S. Bryukhonenko - physiologist, created the first heart-lung machine in the world (autojector)
G.P. Georgiev - biochemist, discovered RNA in the nuclei of animal cells
E. A. Murzin - invented the world's first optical-electronic synthesizer "ANS"
P.M. Golubitsky - Russian inventor in the field of telephony
V. F. Mitkevich - for the first time in the world proposed the use of a three-phase arc for welding metals
L.N. Gobyato - colonel, the world's first mortar was invented in Russia in 1904
V.G. Shukhov, an inventor, was the first in the world to use steel mesh shells for the construction of buildings and towers
I.F. Kruzenshtern and Yu.F. Lisyansky - made the first Russian round-the-world trip, studied the islands of the Pacific Ocean, described the life of Kamchatka and about. Sakhalin
F.F. Bellingshausen and M.P. Lazarev - discovered Antarctica
The world's first icebreaker of the modern type, the steamship of the Russian fleet "Pilot" (1864), the first Arctic icebreaker, the "Ermak", was built in 1899 under the direction of S.O. Makarov.
V.N. Shchelkachev - the founder of biogeocenology, one of the founders of the doctrine of phytocenosis, its structure, classification, dynamics, relationships with the environment and its animal population
Alexander Nesmeyanov, Alexander Arbuzov, Grigory Razuvaev - creation of the chemistry of organoelement compounds.
IN AND. Levkov - under his leadership, for the first time in the world, air-cushion vehicles were created
G.N. Babakin - Russian designer, creator of Soviet moon rovers
P.N. Nesterov - the first in the world to complete a closed curve in a vertical plane on an airplane, a "dead loop", later called the "Nesterov loop"
B. B. Golitsyn - became the founder of a new science of seismology.
Overall rating of the material: 5
SIMILAR MATERIALS (BY MARKS):
Father of the video Alexander Poniatov and AMPEX Theremin synthesizer - theremin
