That is, birds, but hunting for which is permissible from the point of view of the accepted etiquette of crowhunting and its usefulness for wildlife, including for other birds. Some of them are also edible trophies.
CROW GRAY. The main and everyone's favorite zachOt.
CROW BLACK.
Looks like a crow! So let's be careful and careful.
She is all black with a metallic blue and purple sheen.
The black crow differs from the rook in its BLACK beak and its greater massiveness; from a raven - in size: they are similar to the size of a gray crow, as well as a silhouette in flight - the raven's wings are straighter.
ROOK.
Note: the rook's oddity, so to speak, is "floating". He is not as smart as crows, and not as harmful. However, this is where. Rooks, for example, greatly harm trees, breaking off their branches during the construction of nests, and it is almost impossible to survive them from their usual habitat. In Germany, rooks are eaten.
MAGPIE. The bird is considered zachotom - it is quite smart and careful. In addition, a pest, a predator, destroys nests. But there are nuances - according to observations, abandoned magpie nests are often occupied by other birds.
Blue Dove. We can say - "city pigeon". In the photo - a typical representative of the color.
DAW. The bird is much smaller than a crow - about the size of a young dove. Its charm is very relative: it does not represent much value for a crowhunter, since it is not very careful and is quite harmless.
Common in rooks, magpies, jackdaws and crows.
(I will add a clarification: under the picture there is an inscription - "A crow steals an egg from a song thrush", but the figure, apparently erroneously, depicts a fieldfare thrush).
OTHER "WANTS" and "WANTS" ARE RELATIVE.
Thrush fieldfare (grey thrush, mistletoe).
This bird breeds in large numbers, surrounds gardens and vegetable gardens, devouring cherries, shadberries, mountain ash, chokeberry, even raspberries and currants, strawberries and wild strawberries like locusts. In addition, the blackbird is not just edible, but very tasty. According to the classic hunter S. T. Aksakov, this is one of the few birds that, along with the snipe, has the honor of cooking ungutted.
BLACK THRUSH is another type of thrush.
Note. Formally, this is also a "zachot" - since the diet and culinary advantages of the blackbird are similar to the 1st species. But this is a songbird and, for example, in the Moscow region is very small.
JAY.
In some regions, there are no less than gray crows. The gardens are surrounded - the harm and the diet in this sense are purely blackbirds. But besides that, jays, for example, often carry chickens. At the same time, these birds are fearless to the point of stupidity, they are almost not afraid of the hunter. Positive factors - the jay promotes the reproduction of trees, arranging pantries of acorns and nuts. Edible, the meat is harsh, inferior in culinary qualities to blackbird, but you can find competent cooking recipes on the Web.
STARLING.
This is a songbird. However, the harm from it to a person is often no less than from a thrush: according to many, it surrounds gardens. Apparently, with the starling you need to act "according to the circumstances."
Young starling.
OAKONOS.
Carries the gardens. In the sense of hunting for him - apparently, it is permissible, if this is a serious concern ...
ATTENTION! "LOW"!!!
CROW.
Hellish LOW. This bird is listed in the Red Book. Therefore, we will be especially careful with her. Do not confuse a crow with a sulfur crow (see above). General - only, so to speak, a silhouette. The raven is much larger than both her and the BLACK crow (see photo above) and is all black, up to the beak: this also differs from the ROOK (see). Also, the raven has a characteristic voice, not like the sharp and hoarse croak of crows: it is quieter, the intonation is much softer, reminiscent of the sounds "Krrru, krrru" or "Krro, krrro".
WHITE STORK.
White bird with black wingtips, long neck, long thin red beak and long reddish legs. When the stork's wings are folded, it seems that the entire back of the stork's body is black. In color, females are indistinguishable from males, but somewhat smaller. The height of the white stork is 100-125 cm, the wingspan is 155-200 cm. The mass of an adult bird reaches 4 kg. The average lifespan of a white stork is 20 years.
The usefulness of the bird is expressed in the fact that its diet includes such pests as: locusts, bears, cockchafers, some small vertebrates (including mice and rats).
CRANE.
Attention: the bird is listed in the Red Book!
These are large, long-legged and long-necked birds, their height is 90-155 cm, the wingspan is 150-240 cm, and their weight is 2-11 kg.
Unlike herons similar to them, they stretch their legs and neck in flight. This makes them look like storks, but unlike them, cranes never perch on trees. The head is small, with a sharp straight beak. The tertiary flight feathers of the wings are slightly elongated, so that the tail appears long and bushy when the bird is on the ground. The plumage is usually gray or white.
Cranes live long enough. Observations show that in the wild, cranes live for at least 20 years, and in captivity, their age reaches up to 80 years.
HERON
They live in shallow water, on swampy or slowly flowing reservoirs. Large birds 90-100 cm long, with a wingspan of 175-195 cm, adults weighing up to 2 kg. As a rule, they are long-legged, with a long and narrow, laterally flattened beak. They stand motionless in the water and peer into the water, looking for prey. A close relative of the heron is the stork.
Woodpeckers. All - NIZACHOTY: useful birds, healers of the forest. Many in the RED BOOK!
Large spotted woodpecker.
Small spotted woodpecker.
The woodpecker is average.
The woodpecker is grey.
Woodpecker black (or yellow).
The woodpecker is green.
Nightjar big.
Nightjar small.
Owl nightjar.
HOOPOE. Terry bottom.
GOLDFINCH.
SWALLOWS AND SWIFTS.
L A S T O C H K I.
S T R I G I
“The swift is a sickle reaping the harvest on the blue field of the sky. The sickle-shaped form is given to it by long sharp wings, which, when folded, protrude far beyond the relatively short tail with a fork-shaped neckline. With this shape and dense physique, the swift easily differs from the swallow, with which it is usually confused In fact, swifts and swallows are similar not because they are close relatives, but because, due to a similar lifestyle, independently of each other, they acquired a similar external structure. ((C), E.J. Shukurov)
Swift small.
Swift is white-belted (or white-lumped).
Martlet.
Swift is needle-tailed.
GENERAL: swallows and swifts.
CUCKOO. It is not so easy with her in the sense of "lowness". S. T. Aksakov, for example, mentions that the cuckoo is edible and thus represents a trophy, although not very desirable. But... Do we need it?
SMALL LITTLE.
WARNING: these are the same birds that the average crawler, according to him, protects from garbage predators like gray crows.
NIGHTINGALE.
LARK.
SVIRISTEL.
ZARYANKA
ORIOLE.
BULLFINCH.
The tit is big.
Grenadier.
Blue tit.
Moscow.
Gaitka brown-headed (or powdery).
Grey-headed chickadee.
Black-capped chickadee.
FIELD SPARROW (aka red-headed or rustic).
It differs from the house sparrow in its brown crown, black spots on its white cheeks, and two light stripes on the wing. "Catches a lot of harmful insects, but in the fall, flocks of sparrows can cause quite significant damage to orchards and vineyards." (C)
HOUSE SPARROW.
Male.
WAGTAIL. There are a lot of these birds, like sparrows. But to shoot - bullets are a pity and karma ... They are completely harmless. In addition, according to statistics for season 1, the wagtail family destroys several kg. harmful caterpillars and beetles. Perhaps, in this regard, it can be attributed to the "nizachota".
CHAMPION.
HUNTING GAME.
Hunting for it is allowed and permissible - but with the help of permitted methods of extraction and in a certain season of the year.
Waterfowl.
FOREST, SWAMP, MEADOW, FIELD GAME.
LANDRAIL.
ROOTHER.
(LIST OF COURSE WILL BE REPLENISHED)
VYAKHIR (or VITYUTIN) - wood pigeon. We compare with the usual city "rull" (photo above).
The dove is ringed.
The dove is large.
The dove is small.
PARTRIDGE.
GROUSE.
WOODSCHOCK (FOOD PICKER).
GARSHNEP.
DUPELSHNEP
(It’s completely bad in search engines with pictures ... Looks like they knocked everyone out)
CURLEW
lapwing (THIS IS NOT A KULIK ALREADY)
It includes a number of extinct species, as well as 5 living orders, including:
Order Cassowaries (Cassowaries and Emu)
Cassowaries and emus from the order of cassowaries, or Australian ostriches ( Casuariiformes), are large, flightless birds, with long necks and legs. They have long feathers that resemble coarse fur, but the head and neck are almost bald.
There are four species of cassowaries that have survived to the day:
- Helmeted cassowary ( casuarius casuarius);
- Orange-necked cassowary ( C. unappendiculatus);
- Muruk Cassowary ( C. bennetti);
- emu ( Dromaius novaehollandiae).
Order Kiwiformes (Kiwi)
Experts do not agree on the exact number of species belonging to the Kiwiiformes order ( Apterygiformes), but there are at least three: southern kiwi, large gray kiwi and small gray kiwi. According to the latest data, scientists have identified two more species: northern brown kiwi and Apteryx rowi.
Birds from this order are endemic to New Zealand. Kiwis are flightless birds with tiny, almost vestigial wings. They are strictly birds, digging up larvae and earthworms at night with their long, narrow beaks.
New Zealand's national bird, the kiwi, is vulnerable to, including dogs, which were introduced to these islands hundreds of years ago by European settlers.
Order Nandu-shaped (Nandu)
There are only two species of rhea in the nanda-like order ( Rheiformes), both of which live in, and the steppes of South America. These flightless birds have long feathers and three toes on each foot; they also have claws on each wing which are used during defense.
Nandu are similar to ostriches in appearance, however, among scientists, the degree of their relationship remains controversial. The body size of a rhea is almost half that of an ostrich.
Order Ostrich-like (Ostrich)
The only surviving representative of the ostrich order ( Struthioniformes) - African ostrich ( Struthio camelus), which is considered a real record holder. Not only is it the tallest and heaviest living bird, the ostrich can also reach speeds of up to 70 km/h, as well as run long distances at speeds up to 50 km/h. Ostriches have the largest eyes of any vertebrate, and their eggs, weighing up to 2 kg, are the largest among modern birds.
Subclass New palatine
Neopalatal (Neognathae) birds have a much longer history that goes back to the Mesozoic era and this subclass includes 25 orders such as:
Order Stork-like, or Ankled (Storks, herons, ibises, etc.)
A detachment of birds is stork-like, or ankle-footed ( Ciconiiformes) includes herons, storks, ibis and others, more than 100 species in total. All of these birds are long-legged, sharp-beaked wetland carnivores. Their long, flexible fingers are not webbed, allowing them to stand in thick mud without drowning. Most are solitary hunters, slowly stalking their prey before striking quickly with their powerful beaks; they feed on fish, amphibians and insects.
The earliest known ancestors of today's herons, storks and their relatives date back to the Late Era, about 40 million years ago. The closest living relatives are flamingos.
Order Petrel-like (Albatrosses and petrels)
Albatross
Birds in the order petrel-like ( Procellariiformes), also known as the Protuberances, includes more than 125 living species, placed in four extant families:
- Petrel ( Procellariidae);
- Albatross ( Diomedeidae);
- Kachurkovye ( Hydrobatidae);
- Diving petrels ( Procellariidae).
These birds spend most of their time at sea, flying above and diving into the water to catch fish and other small birds. Tubenose are colonial birds returning to the ground only to breed (breeding sites vary by species, but in general these birds prefer remote islands and rugged coastal cliffs), they are monogamous and form long-term bonds between mating pairs.
The largest species of the order are wandering albatrosses, whose wingspan reaches 3.25 m. The smallest species is Halocyptena microsoma- has a wingspan of less than 30 cm.
Order Passeriformes (Sparrows, starlings, crows, etc.)
Order passeriformes ( Passeriformes), are the most diverse group of birds, with over 5,000 species including: sparrows, finches, thrushes, starlings, crows, swallows, larks and many more. These birds have a unique leg structure that allows them to tightly grip thin twigs, reeds, and fragile grass stalks; some species can even thrive on vertical surfaces, including mountain slopes and tree trunks.
In addition to their unique leg structure, passerines are distinguished by their complex vocalizations. Although these are not the only birds capable of making sounds with the help of a syrinx, this organ is the most developed in passerines. Each member of the squad has unique sounds, some of them are simple, others are long and complex. Some species learn vocalizations from their parents, while others are born with the innate ability to sing.
Order Loons (Loons)
Squad of birds ( gaviiformes) includes five living species of loons: red-throated loon, black-throated loon,
white-throated loon, black-billed loon and white-billed loon. Loons are freshwater water birds common in the northern parts and Eurasia. The legs located behind their bodies provide the bird with strength in the water, but make these birds clumsy on land. gaviiformes They have fully webbed feet, elongated bodies, and dagger-shaped beaks well suited for capturing fish and other aquatic invertebrates.
These birds go to land to nest and build their nests close to water. Both parents care for the chicks, which sit on the adult's back for protection until they are ready to live on their own.
Order Pigeons (Pigeons and doves)
Detachment pigeons ( Columbiformes) includes more than 300 species of pigeons, including rock pigeons, pigeons, common turtledoves, ringed turtledoves, crowned pigeons, and others. Pigeons are small to medium-sized birds characterized by short legs, purple coloration, short necks and small heads. Pigeons are equipped with short beaks that are stiff at the tip but softer at the base.
These birds are common in grasslands, fields, deserts, farmlands and cities. They also, to a lesser extent, inhabit and as well.
Order Anseriformes (Ducks, geese, swans, etc.)
Bird order Anseriformes ( Anseriformes) includes ducks, geese, swans, etc., which tend to be somewhat irritable due to loud calls. There are about 150 living species in this order. Most prefer freshwater habitats such as lakes, streams, and ponds, but some live in marine regions, at least during the breeding season.
All anseriform birds are equipped with webbed feet that allow them to move more easily through the water. However, you may be surprised to learn that most of these birds are purely herbivores; only a few species feed on insects, molluscs, plankton, fish, and crustaceans. Anseriformes often find themselves on the wrong side, not only because of people who love their meat, but also because of coyotes, foxes, raccoons, and even striped skunks.
Squad Woodpeckers (Woodpeckers, toucans, etc.)
In the order of woodpeckers ( piciformes) includes woodpeckers, toucans, powder puffs, nonnula, nuns, brachigalbs, jacamars, honey guides, etc., about 400 species in total. These birds love to nest in trees; and the most famous birds of the detachment piciformes- woodpeckers - tirelessly gouge holes in the trunks with their beaks. Some species are anti-social, showing aggression towards other species or even their own birds, while others do well in large groups.
Thanks to the structure of the paws, otis easily climb tree trunks. Many piciformes they also have strong legs and stout tails, as well as thick skulls that protect their brains from the effects of gouging wood. Beak shapes vary widely among members of this order.
Woodpeckers and their related species are found in most parts of the world, with the exception of, as well as, Madagascar and.
Order Cranes (Cranes, coots, shepherds, etc.)
Japanese crane
Order crane-like ( gruiformes) includes about 200 living species. Members of the order vary widely in size and appearance, but are generally characterized by their short tails, long necks, and rounded wings.
Cranes with long legs and necks are the largest members detachment; The Indian crane is over 1.7 m high and has a wingspan of up to 2.5 m.
AND the uraiformes also include birds that do not fit into other orders in terms of their features. At present, the detachment has 9 living families.
Order Nightjars
In the order Goats ( Caprimulgiformes) there are about 100 species of birds distributed throughout the world, with the exception of Antarctica. Their patterned feathers are often quite variegated, so they fit well with their preferred feathers (these birds tend to nest either on the ground or in trees).
In the modern classification, the goat-shaped order includes 5 families:
- Guajaro ( Steatornithidae);
- Frogshorts ( Podargidae);
- Giant nightjars ( Nyctibiidae);
- Owl nightjars ( Aegothelidae);
- Real nightjars ( Caprimulgidae).
Order Cuckoo-shaped (Cuckoos)
common cuckoo
Order cuckoo ( Cuculiformes) includes the only cuckoo family, which has about 140 species.
Cuckoos are medium-sized, thin-lived birds that live in the savannas and feed mainly on insects and insect larvae. Some species of cuckoo are known for throwing their eggs into other people's nests, and when a cuckoo chick hatches, it sometimes pushes other chicks out of the nest!
Order Galliformes (Guinea fowls, pheasants, partridges and kraks)
common pheasant
Some representatives of chickens ( Galliformes) are well known to people who love to eat the meat of birds, including pheasants, quails, turkeys, guinea fowls and others. In total, this order has 5 families and about 250 species. Many of the less familiar birds are subject to intense hunting pressure and are on the brink of extinction today. Other members of the order, such as chickens, quails and turkeys, have been fully domesticated and are often bred on farms around the world in huge numbers.
The smallest species of galliformes is the painted quail, which has a body length of less than 15 cm; the largest species from the order is the North American wild turkey, which can reach a length of more than 1 m and a weight of about 8 kg.
Order Pelicans (Pelicans, herons and ibises)
To the order Pelicans ( Pelecaniformes) include families: pelicans, herons, whaleheads, hammerheads and ibis. These birds are characterized by their webbed feet and their various anatomical adaptations for catching fish, their main food source; many species are excellent divers and swimmers.
Pelicans - the most famous representatives of the order, have special leather bags in the lower part of the beak, which allow the birds to effectively catch and hold fish. There are eight species of pelicans in total.
Order Penguin-like (Pigguins)
Detachment penguins ( Sphenisciformes) includes six genera and about 20 species of penguins. The most diverse are the crested penguins, a genus that includes 6 species.
Parrots are monogamous, forming strong pairs. Most parrots feed almost exclusively on fruits, seeds, nuts, flowers, and nectar, but some species may eat (such as invertebrate larvae) or small animals (such as snails).
Order of the Mouse Bird
bird squad Coliiformes includes six living species of bird-mouse that deftly climb trees in search of fruits, berries and occasional insects. These birds are limited to the open forests, scrublands, and savannahs of sub-Saharan Africa. They usually gather in flocks of up to thirty individuals, except during the breeding season.
One interesting fact about bird-mouse is that they were much more numerous in later times than they are today; in fact, some naturalists refer to these virtually unknown birds as "living fossils".
Order Coraciiformes (Kingfishers, bee-eaters, raksha, etc.)
Shellfish ( coraciiformes) is a detachment of mainly carnivorous birds, which includes kingfishers, bee-eaters, earthen rakshas, rollers, widemouths, etc. Some members of this detachment are solitary, while others form large groups. Many species are brightly colored and all have feet with three toes pointing forward and one pointing back. coraciiformes they like to nest in holes in trees or dig tunnels in the mud along river banks.
According to the modern classification, the Coraciiformes order is divided into 6 families:
- Zimorodkovs ( Alcedinidae);
- Earth Raksha ( Brachypteraciidae);
- Roller or real raksha ( Coraciidae);
- Shchurkovs ( Meropidae);
- Momotovs ( Momotidae);
- Todievs ( Todidae).
Order Charadriiformes
Order Charadriiformes ( Charadriiformes) has about 350 species of birds living along the coastlines. Charadriiformes are experienced fliers; some species make the longest and most spectacular migrations in the bird class.
Charadriiforms feed on a wide variety of foods, including marine worms, crustaceans, and earthworms, but surprisingly, they almost never eat fish!
Squad Ryabkoiformes (hooves and grouse)
Representatives of the grouse order ( Pteroclidiformes) are medium-sized birds native to Africa, Madagascar, the Middle East, Central Asia, India, and the Iberian Peninsula. There are 16 species of grouse, which belong to two genera.
Sandgrouse are characterized by their small heads, short necks, short, feathered legs, and ragged bodies; their tails and wings are long and sharp, well suited for taking off quickly to escape predators.
Squad Owls (Owls, owls, owls, barn owls, etc.)
Squad owls ( Strigiformes) consists of more than 200 species, medium to large birds, equipped with strong claws, good hearing, and sharp eyesight. Because they hunt at night, owls have especially large eyes (they help them see in the dark) as well as binocular vision, which helps them see prey better.
They are opportunistic carnivores, feeding on everything from small mammals, reptiles and insects to other birds. Lacking teeth, they swallow their prey whole and regurgitate the indigestible parts of the prey eaten after about six hours.
Owls live on every continent except Antarctica. They are found in a wide variety of terrestrial habitats ranging from dense forests to wide open grasslands.
Order Falconiformes (Birds of Prey)
black vulture
Falconiformes ( falconiformes), or birds of prey, include eagles, hawks, kites, secretaries, ospreys, falcons, vultures, and vultures, totaling about 300 species. Members of the order are formidable predators, with powerful claws, twisted beaks, sharp eyesight, and broad wings well suited for flight and diving. Falconiformes hunt during the day, feeding on fish, small mammals, reptiles, other birds and abandoned carrion.
The largest bird of prey is the Andean condor, whose wingspan approaches 3 m. One of the smallest birds of prey is the steppe kestrel, with a wingspan of less than 75 cm.
Squad Swifts (Hummingbirds and Swifts)
A detachment of swift-shaped, or long-winged ( Apodiformes) is the most numerous in the class of birds after passeriformes, it has about 450 species of swifts and hummingbirds. In the Sibley-Ahlquist classification, this order rises to the superorder Apodimorphae, in which hummingbirds are singled out in a separate order Trochiliformes.
Birds are characterized by their small size, short legs and tiny paws. Hummingbirds and swifts included in this group also have numerous adaptations for specialized flight.
Hummingbirds are common in different parts of North, Central and South America, and swifts can be found on all continents of the world, with the exception of Antarctica. Earliest known members Apodiformes were fast birds that evolved during the early Eocene epoch in northern Europe about 55 million years ago; hummingbirds appeared a little later, they separated from the early swifts after the late Eocene.
Trogon-like order (Trogon and quetzal)
In the order trogon-like ( Trogoniformes) there are about 40 species of trogons and quetzals, tropical forest birds found in the Americas, southern Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. These birds are characterized by short beaks, rounded wings and long tails, and many are brightly colored. They feed mainly on insects and fruits, and also build their nests in trees or abandoned insect burrows.
Mysterious, like their vaguely alien names, trogans and quetzals have proved difficult to classify: in the past, scientists have combined these birds with all orders, from owls and parrots to tinamou. However, recent molecular evidence indicates that trogons are closely related to the crustaceans, with whom they may have split as early as 50 million years ago. These birds are rarely found in the wild and are considered especially valuable finds by ornithologists.
Order Turakiformes (Turaco and banana-eaters)
Turkiformes ( Musophagidae) - a detachment of birds that previously belonged to the cuckoo. Recent genetic analysis has confirmed that this is a separate order.
Musophagidae are medium-sized birds endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, where they live in forests and savannah. They do not fly well, but move quickly through the trees. They feed mainly on fruits and, to a lesser extent, on leaves, buds, and flowers, occasionally eating small insects, snails, and slugs.
These are gregarious birds that do not migrate, but gather in family groups of up to 10 individuals. Many species can emit shrill alarm calls that alert other animals to the presence of predators or humans.
Order Flamingos (Flamingos)
There are twelve species in the stork family. Storks are large birds. The growth of an adult bird reaches half a meter, and the wingspan is up to 2 meters. All storks are characterized by a long conical beak, long legs and neck.
Storks are distributed in various territories, on all continents of the planet. They live both in the tropics and in the temperate climate zone. Some species of storks, except for those that live in places where winters are warm enough, lead a migratory lifestyle. For the winter, storks go to warmer climes - India and Africa.
Storks fly exclusively during the daytime. Birds are able to choose aerodynamically optimal routes by flying over areas that, with their air currents, contribute to soaring. Storks avoid flying over the sea. The life span of a stork is about 20 years.
saker falcon
Saker Falcon belongs to the falcon family. Outwardly, he looks like a gyrfalcon. Since ancient times it has been used for falconry. It lives in southeastern Europe and Asia. To date, the number of Saker Falcons is small. A few years ago in Russia, in the Lipetsk region, a nursery for growing these birds was created.
Golden eagle
The golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetus) is a large bird with long and relatively narrow wings, a slightly rounded tail; the feathers on the back of the head are narrow and pointed; the paws are very powerful, with strong claws and a tarsus feathered to the toes. The dimensions of the golden eagle are as follows: total length 80-95 cm, wing length 60-72.5 cm, weight 3-6.5 kg. Female golden eagles are noticeably larger than males. Both sexes are colored the same. Adult golden eagles (four years old and older) are dark brown in color; on the ventral side, in the plumage of the lower leg and undertail, a large or smaller admixture of a reddish-golden color; occiput and back of neck rufous; primary flight feathers are black-brown with grayish bases; the tail feathers are dark gray with dark brown markings and a black preapical stripe. The iris is walnut-brown, the beak is bluish-brown, the claws are black, the cere and legs are bright yellow. In the first annual plumage, young golden eagles are dark brown with white feather bases and whitish tarsal plumage; their tail feathers are white with a broad black apical stripe.
Woodcock
In our countries, hunting legislation strictly protects the forest sandpiper. In places of mass passage of woodcock in the southern regions, spring hunting for it is completely prohibited, in other regions it is either \\\" prohibited, or allowed for a male woodcock on draft for a limited period; all methods of catching woodcock with various traps are prohibited; As a result of all these activities, the number of woodcock in our country does not decrease, and if it were not for the predatory extermination of waders outside the CIS, we would undoubtedly have an increase in the number of this valuable hunting bird.
Sparrow
Sparrow is a small bird widespread in cities. The weight of a sparrow is only 20 to 35 grams. Meanwhile, the sparrow belongs to the order of passeriformes, which, in addition to it, includes more than 5,000 species of birds. The largest representative of the detachment is the raven (its mass is about one and a half kilograms), the smallest is the kinglet (weight up to 10 grams).
The sparrow got its name in ancient times and it is connected with the habits of these birds to raid farmlands. Chasing the birds, people shouted "Beat the thief!". But in fairness it should be noted that raids on the fields were not always carried out only by sparrows, but also by other representatives of the detachment.
In Russia, there are two types of sparrows: the house sparrow, or city, and the field sparrow, or village.
Interesting facts about sparrows: the structure of the sparrow's eyes is such that birds see the world in a pinkish color. The heart of a sparrow makes up to 850 beats per minute at rest, and during the flight up to 1000 beats per minute. At the same time, a strong fright is fraught for a bird even with a fatal outcome, as it significantly increases blood pressure. The body temperature of a sparrow is about 40 degrees. A sparrow spends a lot of energy per day and therefore cannot starve for more than two days.
Crow
There is a misconception that the name of the crow is the name of the male, while the female is called the crow. In fact, this is not correct - they are just two different species (common raven (Corvus corax) and crow (Corvus cornix)).
The raven is the largest representative of the passeriformes. Its mass reaches one and a half kilograms, and its body length is up to 70 cm.
The plumage of the raven is plain black with a metallic sheen. The life span of a crow is long, up to 55-75 years. Crows are monogamous, the bird selects a couple for itself with great care and remains faithful to its partner throughout its life.
Crows are omnivores. They eat both rodents, insects, fish and other small birds, as well as carrion.
The image of a raven has long and firmly entered folklore. In folk beliefs, the crow was considered a wise bird and attributed to it a long life span - from 100 to 300 years. On the other hand, the raven often symbolized an unclean dark force.
reel
Finch (Fringilla montifringilla) - a bird from the order of passerines and the chaffin family (Fringillidae), having 16 sant. length. The lower back and rump are black with a white center; wings with yellow-red and whitish transverse stripe; the head is black, with an admixture of yellowish-yellow (in the male) or red-gray (in the female). It is found in northern Europe and northern Asia, and nests there; flies to central Europe in winter.
Jackdaw
Jackdaw (Corvus monedula): Length up to 25-30 cm. Painted completely black with a metallic sheen, the back of the neck, the back of the head and the head on the sides are ash gray. The eyes are light, blue or grey. The legs and beak are black. The colors of the male and female are the same. Young birds are brownish in color and do not have a metallic sheen. They occupy nests or stand together in early April, in late April - early May, the female lays eggs, the female incubates the eggs for about two and a half weeks, the chicks remain in the nest for up to three weeks, the chicks hatch in mid-June. Omnivorous, eat insects (destroy many pests), worms, seeds of some plants, human food waste. They are easily tamed, if you take another blind chick and raise it in captivity, the grown bird does not even consider other jackdaws to be its relatives and seeks to communicate only with humans.
Harpy
HARPIA (Harpia harpija) is a large bird: length 80-90 cm, weight of females about 8 kg. On the head of the harpy is a crest of wide feathers. The beak is powerful, but narrow, with a large hook. Paws are huge with powerful claws. The wings are wide and rounded, the tail is of moderate length, straight cut. The adult outfit of a harpy (it is put on at the age of four) is gray on the head and neck (the crest on the back of the head is black or dark gray), on the dorsal side it is black with whitish borders on the wing coverts, lower back, and rump. The harpy lives in the lowland tropical forests of South and Central America - from Mexico to central Brazil. The harpy nests on tall trees, usually near river reservoirs.
Capercaillie
The capercaillie is a representative of the largest forest feathered game. It belongs to the order of chickens, the suborder of chickens proper, the grouse family, and the capercaillie genus. The species of the common capercaillie is divided into three subspecies, the white-bellied capercaillie, which lives in the central and eastern regions of Russia; taiga dark capercaillie, living in the northern and eastern regions of the country; a black-bellied Western European capercaillie that lives in the forests of the western regions of the country. In summer, capercaillie molt is observed, during which the birds clog in especially strong forest places.
Our planet is inhabited by so many birds, the name of which sometimes we have not even heard. They are found everywhere: in forests, mountains, steppes, on the coasts of the seas and even in the cold tundra. The diversity of this group of fauna is so great that, for example, only on the territory of the Russian Federation you can meet representatives of more than 400 species, including not only sedentary, but also migratory birds, photos with names of which are easy to find in atlases.
Order of passeriformes
Interestingly, more than 50% of all bird species belong to the order of passeriformes, with the smallest being the kinglet (6 g), and the largest being the raven (1.5 kg). In total, there are four subspecies of these birds: songbirds, half-singers, screaming (tyrants) and broad-billed (horn-billed). The habits and coloration of birds, including forest birds, are very diverse, and males sing and look most impressive. They are the first to arrive at the place chosen for nesting, and with their singing they mark the territory and attract females. Some species, such as starlings and jays, are able to copy the voices of different birds and some words of our speech. Distributed everywhere.
Some passerines live in whole flocks during the nesting period, but most form pairs. The place is chosen by the male, and different subspecies prefer for this hollow, tree branches, stones, holes in the ground, rocks, etc. Reproduction occurs in spring or summer, although, for example, the crossbill is not afraid of the cold, and if there is enough food (spruce and pine cones ), it nests even in January.
All passeriformes breed chicks that are born barely covered with light fluff, deaf and blind, but grow very quickly. Both the female and the male feed the young. On the 10-15th day, accompanied by their parents, the babies fly out of the nest; in species nesting in hollows, this happens a little later - on the 20-25th day.
The names of birds that belong to passerines are always well known: sparrow, titmouse, oriole, swallow, starling, wagtail, oatmeal, etc. Of the larger ones, one can distinguish a crow, jay, cardinal,
gardens, meadows and fields
All birds of open spaces are adapted to their habitat in their own way. Some of them move perfectly on the ground, not only in search of food, but also escaping from enemies, practically without using their wings. They have lost the ability to fly, but they have strong legs with short toes, which contribute to fast running and digging. This group of birds includes galliformes (grouse, pheasant, partridge, guinea fowl, crax), ostriches, etc.
Diurnal and nocturnal "flying" predators are characterized by powerful wings and sharp claws, which helps them to hunt well. This group includes falcons, black kites, hawks, owls, meadow and field harriers, etc.
steppe birds
The Russian steppes stretch all the way from the shores of the Azov and Black Seas to the Urals, and it is quite natural that a great many birds live in such open spaces. Steppe and desert birds, the species and names of which we will give below, are forced to be careful. Open space is not too rich in shelters, so sometimes only a quick reaction and flight can save the bird from the enemy.
Since the steppe and desert species move a lot among the grass in search of food, their legs are sufficiently developed for this. In addition to partridges, steppe birds include: demoiselle crane, crowberry, little bustard, gyrfalcon, bustard, etc. They skillfully hide in the grass due to the “camouflage” color of feathers and easily find food on fertile steppe soils. Plants and insects are the main food, but birds of prey, photos with names of which can be found in any manual, hunt snakes, frogs and rodents, of which there are a great many, and also do not neglect carrion. Some species of birds arrange their nests right in the ground, and large predators - on rare trees in these places.
desert birds
There are few birds in the desert because they cannot stand thirst. In Russia, the south of the Astrakhan region and the east of Kalmykia belong to the desert zones, which abound in vegetation and moisture only in the spring. Feel comfortable in rather difficult conditions such birds as desert chickens, bustards, warblers, steppe eagles. Pelicans, mute swans, ducks, white herons can nest in the border zones near water bodies.
It is impossible not to mention the largest flightless bird in the world - the African ostrich, whose weight can reach more than 150 kg. Evolution has taken care of him, giving him a long neck for a good view of the terrain and powerful legs for running fast and hitting the enemy during a fight. Ostriches live in numerous families; they feed on vegetation, insects, lizards, rodents, but they can pick up the remains of a meal of predators. The funny story that ostriches hide their heads in the sand is just a joke, but the females hatching their chicks, at the sight of danger, literally flatten themselves on the ground, trying to become invisible. Due to the heat in summer, desert birds are active at night, and in winter - during the day, when it is warm.
forest birds
Forest birds arrange nests in trees and shrubs, as well as in hollows. Woody vegetation serves for them not only as a refuge, but as a place for obtaining food. Therefore, the paws in most species are designed so that they easily wrap around branches. Common features are long tails and wide, shortened wings that allow them to quickly take off, slow down and perform tricky maneuvers between dense branches. The forest birds include most passerines, woodpeckers, owls, and galliformes.
In birds that climb vertically along the trunks, the claws are bent and sharp. Some names of forest birds of this group characterize this mode of movement (nuthatch). For support and balance, pikas and woodpeckers use their tails, while tits, finches and some other pichuga, when getting food, are able to hang from below the branches. Forest predators hunt in flight, or rapidly falling down on prey.
birds of prey in the forest
Characteristic features of the day and night predators of the forest are a sharp hooked beak and long claws on strong legs. In addition, they have excellent vision and hearing.
Some names of Russian birds related to forest predators: eagle owl, snowy owl, owl, honey buzzard, buzzard, goshawk, etc.
Origin of bird names
The names of the birds are not chosen randomly: almost all of them suggest the presence of some features noticed by people. For example, for the voice and manner of singing, names are given to the cuckoo (ku-ku), chizhu (chi-chi), titmouse (blue-blue), rook (gra-gra), as well as hoopoe, seagull, lapwing and many other birds.
For their characteristic plumage, the birds of the Urals also received names: greenfinch, hazel grouse, redstart (jay), and such birds as the flycatcher, honey buzzard and nutcracker suggest their food preferences. The wagtail and the wagtail are easy to distinguish by their behavior, but the nesting location of some birds is literally embedded in their name: the shore swallow digs holes on high banks, and the warbler hides in dense lake vegetation.
The names of birds for children are easy to remember if they resemble the sounds they make, for example, when walking, like a heron. She slowly walks through the swamp mud, as if “sipping”, raising her long legs high, and the village dialect has changed the name of the bird from “chapel” to heron. Or if they are associated, for example, with snow, where did the origin of the name of the bullfinch bird come from.
But the hunters know why the capercaillie got its name: when it flows, it is so carried away that it literally stalls and does not hear the dangerous noise at all. But when it stops, everything turns into attention.
According to the time of residence, the names were given to such birds as the chaffinch and the robin. Little finches fly in and out during the most chilly, cold months, which is why they are called so, although they themselves are quite frost-resistant. And the robin, which often settles in gardens closer to people, greets the morning and evening dawn with sonorous singing.
Bullfinch
The Russian origin of the name of the bird bullfinch is also peculiar, because it flies to our region for the winter, along with snow, and with the onset of spring it flies into dark coniferous forests. The bullfinch is always associated with the new year, so the image of the red-bellied small is decorated with household items, New Year's cards and souvenirs.
The birds are part of the finches family and live in flocks, constantly calling to each other with a whistle. In winter, it is even found in city parks. Breeds with the onset of heat in the alpine and taiga forests of Eurasia, in the Caucasus, in the Carpathians. Feeds on berries, seeds, tree buds.
waterfowl
Waterfowl, photos and names of which are given below, are those birds that are able to stay on the water. They do not include species that only find food in water bodies. Due to their special way of life, they are characterized by common features: webbing between the fingers, dense plumage and a secretory oil gland that lubricates feathers.
The name of waterfowl, or rather orders, is a derivative of the brightest representative: anseriformes, pelicans, divers, gulls, penguins, etc. Food is fish, mollusks, frogs, algae, which they get by diving into the water, like cormorants and dives, or lowering only the head, like swans and ducks. Seagulls can catch fish right on the fly, plunging only their beak into the water.
Waterfowl of Russia
Waterfowl are widespread throughout the territory of the Russian Federation, the photos and names of most of which are familiar to everyone. Although the majority are migratory: ducks, geese, swans, etc. At the end of summer, active migration of waterfowl to wintering places begins. By the way, some representatives of this group spend most of the year far at sea, returning to the shore only for nesting and hatching (some ducks). Sakhalin, the Kuriles, Kamchatka, Crimea and other places with an abundance of water bodies can rightly be considered a habitat.
Russian waterfowl, whose names are duck and eider, live in Yakutia and on the shores of Lake Chukotka. Along the Volga nest: moorhen, red-nosed pochard, great grebe, gray goose, mute swan, coot.
red birds
In all the variety of birds, red birds stand out, the name of which is very exotic, as well as bright plumage. If our lentils, crossbills and bullfinches are partially painted in this color, then flamingos, tanager, virginian cardinal, fiery velvet weaver, ibis are almost entirely red. Most of these birds live in tropical forests, in the south of America, in Hawaii and other islands, in Australia and Africa. They belong to passerines, weavers, flamingos, storks and other species.
Different types of birds, first of all, differ in body size, beak shape, plumage color and habitat. It is difficult to describe all the features briefly, so we will only touch on a few. Interestingly, the beak of each bird is designed in such a way that it can easily get its own food. As a result of morphological adaptation, there was a division of birds into 14 groups according to the shape of the beak, including: omnivores, fishers, insectivores, water cutters, mowers that feed on coniferous seeds, nectar or fruits, scavengers, predators and others.
As a result of observations, it was noticed that some species of birds have remarkable intelligence and ingenuity. So, gulls and crows, having found a mollusk or a nut, lift it into the air, and then throw it on the ground to break it, repeating this manipulation several times. And green herons, to attract fish, throw bait in the form of a twig or leaf into the water. Parrots, jays and rooks are amenable to learning human speech, and the woodpecker uses a thin stick to open a crack in the bark of a tree and extract insects from there.
The role of birds in nature and for humans
The importance of birds in nature cannot be underestimated: interacting with each other and animals, they build complex relationships that promote natural selection. Birds help seed dispersal, and some species cross-pollinate flowering plants.
Birds of prey keep the balance of growth of rodents. And thanks to insectivorous pichugs that eat caterpillars and larvae, many crops, including agricultural ones, are preserved, which is very useful for humans. That is why all kinds of measures are being taken to preserve various species of birds, as well as nature reserves are being created.
Birds have always fascinated people, because these graceful birds have access to what mankind could only dream of before ... Flights! How wonderful it must be to rise into the air, feeling the gusts of a light breeze on your body. Or, having caught the air flow, surrender to it and soar above the ground without making any effort.
It is not surprising that as soon as the camera turned from a luxury item available only to a few into the most common technique that almost every family has, beautiful photos of birds have become a coveted prey for any amateur photographer. Birds are photographed in flight and on the ground, in flocks and singly, with and without chicks.
There are just a myriad of options for a photograph, because each bird has its own character, habits and secrets of flying. Take, for example, the peregrine falcon - the fastest of all living creatures on the planet. It is worth photographing it during a vertical dive, when it reaches speeds of up to 90 m / s, and an amazing picture of a bird is ready. True, you need to have time to press the button.
Watching flightless birds can also bring a lot of amazing shots. Numerous colonies of penguins alone are worth something! Yes, these birds will never rise into the air, but how graceful and fast they are under water!
In general, look at photos of birds, admire them and never get tired of admiring them. After all, a little less than ten thousand species of birds live on earth today. This is the most numerous and diverse group of tetrapods. Only in Russia, about 657 species of birds nest, and in general, more than 780 species of birds are found on the territory of the country. Interestingly, birds inhabit all possible ecosystems of the Earth from the North Pole to the South.
