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Yandex what is sarcasm. Showing sarcasm in a relationship

Yandex what is sarcasm. Showing sarcasm in a relationship

23.09.2019

Sarcasm

SARKASM (from the Greek sarkadzo - to tear, torment) - one of the types of satirical exposure. Like satire, S. contains a struggle with hostile phenomena of reality through its ridicule. Ruthlessness, harshness of exposure - a distinctive feature of sarcasm. Unlike irony, sarcasm expresses the highest degree of indignation, hatred. S. is never a characteristic trick of a comedian, to-ry, revealing the funny in reality, portrays her always with a certain amount of sympathy and sympathy.
The comic element in a sarcastic denunciation can be quite negligible. In S., indignation is expressed quite openly. With such S. speaks, for example. Lermontov about his generation: “we are rich, barely from the cradle, with the mistakes of our fathers and their late mind ...”, and concludes his “Duma” with a caustic comparison of the attitude of future generations towards him with “a bitter mockery of a deceived son over a squandered father.”
One of the requirements of sarcastic effectiveness is aphorism. S. uses the aphoristic form, for example. Lenin to end the article on Heiden: “What is a philistine? An empty gut full of cowardice and hope that God will take pity. What is the Russian liberal-democratic philistine of the Cadet and para-Cadet camp? An empty gut full of cowardice and hope that the counter-revolutionary landowner will take pity!” (Composition, vol. XII, p. 11).
Due to its direct emphasis, S. is a form of exposure, equally inherent in journalism, polemics, oratory, as well as fiction. That is why S. is especially widely used in conditions of acute political and class struggle. The developed political life of Greece and Rome gave rise to high examples of S. from Demosthenes, Cicero and Juvenal. The creative work of the great fighters of the young bourgeoisie against feudalism was permeated with profound sympathy. Rabelais, a humanist who fought against the constraint of consciousness by theology and scholastic science, directs S.'s arrows against scholastic scientists, producing mocking sorbonates, sorbonides, etc. from the word "Sorbonne". Voltaire widely used S.'s technique to expose the church and its ministers in his pamphlets, and especially in the Virgin of Orleans. In the pamphlets of Voltaire, S. at the address of the church rose to pathetic indignation in the often repeated ending: "Ecrasez l'infame." Swift's sarcasms are extremely diverse in his exposure of various aspects of the social life of his contemporary England.
The S. of Russian revolutionary-democratic writers (Chernyshevsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, and others) are filled with the deepest indignation in their struggle against the autocracy, serfdom, and the liberals. So, in Saltykov, we find in a huge number such complete S. expressions as “administrative delight”, “pupil of the censorship department” (about himself), etc.
Lenin used sarcasm with exceptional causticity in his polemics with the liberals, the Mensheviks, and Trotsky. Thus, in his article “On the Violation of Unity” (vol. XVII, p. 393), Lenin writes about Trotsky: “Trotsky avoids facts and concrete indications because they mercilessly refute all his angry exclamations and pompous phrases. Of course, to stand in a pose and say: a crude sectarian caricature is very clever. It is also not difficult to add even harsher, even richer words about emancipation from conservative factionalism. But isn't it really cheap? Was this weapon not taken from the arsenal of the era when Trotsky shone in front of the high school students?
In Soviet literature, class-conscious and sharp, S. in relation to the enemy must find and finds favorable conditions for its development. We meet S. at Mayakovsky, M. Koltsov and others.

Literary encyclopedia. - In 11 tons; M .: publishing house of the Communist Academy, Soviet Encyclopedia, Fiction. Edited by V. M. Friche, A. V. Lunacharsky. 1929-1939 .

Sarcasm

(from the Greek sarka? zo $, literally - I tear meat), a very sharp and caustic mockery, the highest degree irony. The technique of sarcasm was often used by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin; for example, in the "History of a city" - satire on power in Russia and at the same time a mockery of its inhabitants; the same in the fairy tale “The Bear in the Voivodeship”, etc. Sarcasm, like any humorous device, is based on allegory, but, unlike other types comic, often does not mask the background, but openly expresses a negative assessment in the text, following the visible praise. U N.A. Nekrasov, for example, in “Reflections at the front door”: “You will fall asleep, surrounded by the care / Dear and beloved family / (Looking forward to your death)”. Sarcasm is often used grotesque; for example, in the poem “Seated” by V.V. Mayakovsky, where the characters, due to the huge number of meetings they have to attend, have the upper half of the body on one, and the lower half on the other. Sarcasm is widely used as an oratory, because it is imbued with indignation, indignation, in contrast to the more "calm" irony.

Literature and language. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Under the editorship of prof. Gorkina A.P. 2006 .

Synonyms:

See what "Sarcasm" is in other dictionaries:

- (Greek). A caustic, caustic mockery, a caustic, insulting joke. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. SARKASM [gr. sarkasmos Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Cm … Synonym dictionary

sarcasm- a, m. sarcasme gr. sarkasmos sarkazo lit. rip meat. 1. Evil, caustic mockery, caustic irony. ALS 1. Sarcasm actually means something that eats up the body. Jan. Her grief sometimes took on a shade of irony and sarcasm. 1851. Rastopchina ... ... Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

- (Greek sarkasmos) - caustic mockery. Sarcasm contains a merciless, destructive assessment of a person or phenomenon, in contrast to irony, where a negative assessment is implied. Big explanatory dictionary of cultural studies .. Kononenko B.I .. 2003 ... Encyclopedia of cultural studies

- (Greek sarkasmos, from sarkazo, literally tearing meat), caustic mockery, the highest degree of irony, based not only on the increased contrast of the implied and expressed, but also on the immediate intentional exposure of the implied: Regretted ... ... Modern Encyclopedia

- (Greek sarkasmos from sarkazo, literally I tear meat), caustic mockery, the highest degree of irony, based not only on the increased contrast of the implied and expressed, but also on the immediate intentional exposure of the implied: The wolf took pity on the mare ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Sarcasm, sarcasm, husband. (from Greek sarkasmos torment) (book). 1. only units A caustic mockery, caustic irony. His speech was full of sarcasm. 2. A bitingly mocking remark. Throw in sarcasm. Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

SARKASM, husband. (book). 1. A caustic mockery, an evil irony. In the voice sounds with. 2. A caustic, mocking remark. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

Husband. sarcastic mockery, sharp, caustic. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dal. 1863 1866 ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

- (from the Greek. sarx - flesh) sticking into the body; caustic mockery, bitter irony. Philosophical encyclopedic dictionary. 2010 ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

A truly strong relationship can only be between people who understand each other.

Unfortunately, even kindred spirits sometimes lose touch due to innate selfishness.

Oddly enough, but sarcasm helps to avoid this.

Let's figure it out.

What is sarcasm in simple words

To understand how sarcasm affects relationships, you first need to understand what it is.

Sarcasm is a caustic mockery with a negative connotation that indicates a lack of a person, or a phenomenon, or an object.

In ancient Greece, public figures used sarcastic expressions to expose the vices of society or an opponent.

He has little in common with humor, because sarcasm, unlike irony, is an expression of the highest degree of indignation. True, in the end, sarcasm can turn into a positive judgment.

In fact, this is an evil irony that carries negativity. However, this does not mean that sarcasm is pure evil. It all depends on how you apply it.

Targets of sarcastic expressions:

Veiled verbal humiliation of the interlocutor.

They say that truth is born in a dispute, but, as practice shows, often a dispute is a real war. And on it, as you know, all means are good. A caustic remark in this case is indispensable. It helps to reduce the importance of the interlocutor's arguments through a veiled insult without a direct transition to the individual.

Emphasizing the opponent's low intellectual abilities.

Sarcasm is used to derive satisfaction from the realization of one's intellectual superiority. The interlocutor nods his head, not even realizing that he has just been insulted.

Protection from direct insults.

In a conflict situation, sarcasm is used as a defense against insults and humiliation. A well-timed phrase that secretly hints at the opponent's shortcomings can completely disarm him.

A way to hide the true content of the conversation.

An excellent cipher tool between people who understand the context of the conversation. Those who, so to speak, are not in the subject, even standing nearby, will not understand what it is about. This display of sarcasm is often seen between people who know each other well.

The manifestation of humor on the verge of a foul.

Sarcastic humor is based on ridiculing the vices of the object of the joke.

Adequately perceived only among close friends, but for strangers this is nothing more than a harsh insult.

Sarcasm examples:

My condolences. He will live for a long time and specifically you will get.
It's good to be an adult. Nobody owes anything.
In the store: “Do you take the package?” "Why are you being so rude to me?" - “Oh God, what a man, I want a son from you! Are you taking the package?
The difficulty is that a man does not understand a woman, and a woman does not understand herself.

What is sarcasm in everyday life?

Most people use it as a joke, trying to emphasize their erudition.

Not everyone gets it, because thinking that you are an erudite and being one are two different things.

Using sarcastic language in small amounts is good for brain activity. However, constant caustic expressions may indicate personality complexes and its general dissatisfaction with life.

What is sarcasm in a relationship

In relationships, sarcasm has not lost its essence: it is still a sharp remark. However, initially it does not carry a negative meaning. If in a relationship people understand each other, then irony is not only not harmful, but even useful.

Sarcasm helps to hint to the partner about his inappropriate behavior or desire to discuss the problem, without direct criticism and instructive lectures. The main thing is that a man and a woman do not look for insults in the statement and do not treat them with prejudice.

When partners veiledly describe the problem, it is necessary to take measures to eliminate it. Otherwise, sooner or later it will develop into an open conflict that can undermine relations.

For a couple, there is nothing worse than hidden hatred. She, like rust, corrodes even the strongest union.

In simple terms, sarcasm in love relationships is a cure for the point of no return, when people in love begin to see each other as the cause of all their troubles.

However, here you need to know the measure.

Before you make a sarcastic joke, think about whether you want to hint at a problem or shift the blame to everyone but yourself.

If there is no reason for causticity, then you should not resort to it.

Sarcasm is neither evil nor good, but a tool that can both offend a person and cheer.

It can be used as a prank and as a weapon.

It all depends on intent, circumstances and context.

Use positive sarcasm in your life and relationships, and depression will never knock on your door.

And how do you feel about caustic and caustic turns?

Some people choose to be sarcastic because in today's world, if you punch someone, you end up in jail. Some believe that this is an emotional tool behind which you can hide your feelings. Others are convinced that sarcasm is an opportunity to insult idiots with impunity.

If you weren't born with irony, you should probably keep up with the times and finally start using your brain. To date, there are at least some serious studies that prove that sarcastic people are smarter than you think. We have selected 10 good reasons proving that they can rightfully be included in the category of intellectuals.

They see right through

According to research by Dr. Sheiman-Soori, a psychologist at the University of Haifa, “understanding the state of mind and emotions of others is directly related to our ability to understand sarcasm.” Yes, this means that sarcastic people are able to see through your true motives, no matter how hard you try to show off.

If they make an ironic remark in response to yours: "I'm late because ...", then they probably don't believe you. These comrades figure out secret urges quite easily and know which strings to press to evoke the emotions they need. This ability is akin to powerful telepathy. We have warned you.

They have a sharp mind

In an article Richard Chin wrote for the Smithsonian, he explained that the human brain has to work harder to understand sarcasm. This means that people who use irony train their intellect a little harder than you do. So the buddy who comes at you with biting taunts to taunt you may be an insolent, but a witty insolent.

They are great at problem solving.

The above article goes on to say that sarcasm also helps people be creative in problem solving. So if you expect the imminent end of the world, do not hesitate to write down the ironic person in your “Zombie Apocalypse Team”. He will surely save your life.

They have key social skills

John Hyman, a linguist at McAlester College in Minnesota, USA, is convinced that sarcasm is the main language of modern society. It is usually the ironic people who keep the conversation going, rather than standing shyly behind others, pretending to laugh at other people's jokes.

They not only have a thin mind, but also thick skin.

Sarcastic people are strong enough not to take things too personally. This means they won't burst into tears when you tease each other while being "warm" after a few beers at the bar. They can strike just as well as receive them. You rarely see them as a victim. And if you face the truth, few people like weaklings.

They have healthier brains

According to researchers at the University of California at San Francisco and neuropsychologist Katherine Rankin, the lack of the ability to understand jokes can be an early sign of brain damage. In their work, they found that patients with frontotemporal dementia (dementia) showed difficulty understanding sarcasm.

They make their friends and loved ones smarter

Due to his special manner of communication, a sarcastic person affects the intelligence of others. Our brain has to go through 3 phases to understand a witty joke. If you are constantly surrounded by irony - when you watch TV, drive a car or shop - you train your mind a little more than other people.

Sarcastic friends and family are doing you a favor, so don't forget to thank them for it.

They settle scores but avoid arrest

In emotional warfare, they have no equal. If you've ever had an argument with a sarcastic person, you may still have scars on your heart from what he said. It definitely won't go to jail like aggravated assault, but the pain lasts much longer. Perhaps for the rest of your life.

They can subtly insult you, making you laugh at the same time.

Remarks like "I didn't climb to the top of the food chain to be a vegetarian, but I can make an exception for you" really only sound good until you start thinking about it. Why, he's just mocking your lifestyle, and you should say "thank you" to him?

They can make someone laugh out loud at the spoken phrase, and then enjoy watching how people gradually realize that they have been insulted. If you haven't been in this situation yet, you should give it a try.

They have friends who really love them

Sarcastic people know for sure that their friends are real, because who else would agree to such a share of irony every day? Most likely, their buddies are just as witty. Together they have fun over the subtle insults that they bring to each other on a silver platter. They have such a funny hobby like playing baseball.

Sarcasm? Having asked this question to several of my friends, I received very similar answers - this is an indirect, veiled joke on the other person's shortcoming. Indeed, why don’t you feed us with bread, we are drawn to “pin up” the interlocutor, while we ourselves are able to easily take offense at such manifestations in our direction?

Scientists have proven that sarcasm in moderation is useful, as it helps our brains work and distinguish humor from really negative attitudes towards our person.

What is sarcasm for those who constantly practice it? Probably, a way of self-expression, a way to rise, humiliating another, but at the same time looking not in the best light. Psychologists have already started talking here - they advise those who use this weapon constantly, and even several times a day, to be wary. For the most part, such people have complexes, they are not always satisfied with themselves, and so that no one else notices this, they act first. After all, as you know, the best defense is an attack.

The meaning of the word sarcasm is defined as follows - an evil grin aimed at enhancing the contrast between the caustic remark made and reality. By the way, on the Internet on forums, many write that this category is not always negative, sometimes it's fun and pleasant to play a trick on others, and both sides like this kind of mockery.

Of course, there are exceptions, especially when you are in a circle of close friends about whom you know almost everything, you make fun of this or that episode from life - this is not a reason to classify yourself as a category of people about whom it was written above. For those, psychologists advise to look to the root and, possibly, turn to a specialist, because some, if they want to use evil language less, they simply cannot. So what is sarcasm? Some kind of bad habit.

Very often, irony and sarcasm are used in our speech as synonyms, but this is not true. We have already figured out what sarcasm is, but you need to understand how it differs from irony. Irony, as you know, is often found in literature, that is, it is a way to convey to the reader something absurd, but without exposing it in a negative light.

Of course, sarcasm is also used by writers, but in completely different genres. Many authors-publicists resort to this tool in their articles to expose reality, to reveal the truth, which may be hidden from readers.

By the way, recently on one radio station there was a show dedicated to the topic “Sarcasm - what is it?” In which people expressed themselves ambiguously. I, as an author, am interested, of course, in a subjective opinion, but I liked the girl, based on specific facts, much more.

So, she said that in some study, our, domestic psychologists decided to recreate a certain situation in which people were subjected to various emotional tests. As a result, it turned out that they were sarcastic towards their "colleagues" in misfortune when their actions caused the strongest negative emotions.

Experts, based on this, concluded that often hatred is simply hidden behind the mask of sarcasm, which the source (person) tries to carefully disguise with a joke. It turns out that sarcasm is anger and negativity. But really, it’s worth thinking about, because we rather confuse the meaning of the word “sarcasm” in the circle of friends with the interpretation of irony. However, with less pleasant people we are sharp on the tongue. There is a grain of truth in the study.

Summarize. What is sarcasm, if not an evil grin aimed at emphasizing the shortcomings of another person? Probably a game of contrasts used by writers, politicians, presenters and many other public people to create a vivid and memorable speech. It is up to each of us to choose in what doses and for what purpose to use such a dangerous weapon, which, if not used incorrectly, is fraught, if not with conflicts, at least with misunderstanding and hidden resentment.

The meaning of the word SARKASM in the Dictionary of Literary Terms

SARCASM

- (from the Greek sarkasmos (literally "tear meat") - mockery) - a kind of comic: an evil, caustic mockery, a mockery containing a devastating assessment of a person, object or phenomenon, the highest degree of manifestation of irony (see irony). The essence of irony lies in allegory, a subtle allusion, while S. is characterized by an extreme degree of emotional openness, pathos of denial, turning into indignation: "You will die, surrounded by care // Dear and beloved family // (Looking forward to your death) ... "(N.A. Nekrasov). S., as a rule, is dictated by anger, which is caused by a certain negative phenomenon, and allows you to expose the contrast between the subtext and the external meaning (for example, in the title of the fairy tale by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin "The Wise Piskar"). S. is one of the most important artistic means of satire (see satire)

Dictionary of literary terms. 2012