Southern peoples of the world. The largest nations in the world: who is more

Chinese actor and director Jackie Chan

In second place among the largest peoples of the Earth are Arabs, which currently number about 350 million people.

In fifth place among the largest nations of the planet are Bengalis- the main population of the state of Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal in India. The total number of Bengalis in the world is over 250 million (about 150 million in Bangladesh and about 100 million in India).

Indian writer and poet Rabindranath Tagore, Bengali by nationality

bengali girl

In sixth place among the largest peoples of the Earth are Brazilians(193 million people) - a nation that was formed in the same way as the American nation - by mixing different ethnic groups.

Brazilian soccer player Ronaldinho

The seventh largest people on the planet - Mexicans, of which there are 156 million people in the world, of which 121 million people. live in Mexico and 34.6 million live in the US. On the example of the Mexicans, one can note the conventionality of dividing people into nations. Those Mexicans who live in the US can be considered Mexicans and Americans at the same time.

Mexican Ximena Navarrete - Miss Universe 2010

Mexican football player Rafael Marquez, captain of the Mexico national team

The eighth largest people on Earth - Russians, of which there are about 150 million people in the world, of which 116 million live in Russia, 8.3 million in Ukraine, 3.8 million in Kazakhstan. Russians are the largest people in Europe.

Russian actress Irina Ivanovna Alferova

The ninth largest people in the world - Japanese(130 million people).

Japanese animator Hayao Miyazaki

Close the ten largest peoples of the Earth Punjabis. In total, there are 120 million Punjabis in the world, of which 76 million people. lives in Pakistan and 29 million in India.

14th largest people in the world - marathi(80 million people) - the main population of the Indian state of Maharashtra.

Indian actress Madhuri Dixit of the Maratha people

15th largest people on Earth - tamils, of which there are 77 million people in the world, of which 63 million live in India.

Tamil Indian actress Vyjayanthimala

Indian chess player Viswanathan Anand (Tamil by nationality), current world chess champion.

Approximately the same number as Tamils ​​(77 million people) in the world, there are Vietnamese(Viet).

There are also no less than 75 million people Telugu- the main population of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.

About 70 million people are Thais- the main population of Thailand.

Thai Piyaporn Deejin, Miss Thailand 2008

Another big nation Germans. There are 65 million Germans in Germany. If we also count people of German origin, then we get a more impressive figure - 150 million people. For example, in the US, 48 million people have German roots, making them the largest ethnic group among Americans.

German actress Diane Kruger

Earth is a truly unique planet, where many different people with different ethnicity, appearance, nationality, religion and perception of the world are gathered. The continents share the territory, but not the population living on them. Peoples that have existed side by side for more than one century, in most cases peacefully divide the territory, adopting useful knowledge from each other and forming a common cultural heritage.

Each nation is unique in its own way, it is the custodian of its culture, passing on national customs and traditions from generation to generation, and contributes its own to the creation of a common culture of all mankind.

Europe

The modern states of Europe were formed on the site of the former Roman Empire, then in its possessions there were vast lands, starting from the west, where the Germanic tribes ruled to the cities of North Africa. The wars that took place also influenced the formation of the ethnos, when the population of Europe migrated, the borders of countries were again modified due to martial law.

The largest ethno-linguistic community in Europe is the Slavs. The Slavs include: Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Bulgarians, Serbs, Croats and nine other peoples.

The most numerous peoples living in Europe are Russians (more than 130 million), Germans (more than 80 million), French (more than 65 million), Italians (more than 59 million), British (58 million), Spaniards (46 million), Ukrainians (over 45 million) and Poles (over 44 million). Also in Europe, there are more than two million Jews belonging to several groups. There are also nomadic peoples - the gypsies, with a population of over four million people.

The main religious trends common among the peoples of Europe are Catholicism, Orthodoxy, Protestantism and Islam.

The cultural component of Europe stands on three pillars: personal culture, universalism and freedom of creative expression. This forms the basis of Christian norms, even in those countries where other forms of religion predominate, Christian roots can be traced. Here, the basis for the existence of society is freedom (of self-expression, creativity, worldview) and tolerance for others, the acceptance of another person with certain characteristics and views on the reality that is happening.

A characteristic feature for the European population has become mass culture, which implies both mass production and mass consumption. She received full coverage of all areas of activity, ranging from art, music and cinematography, ending with youth subcultural trends.

Asia

Asia is the largest part of the world, forming together with Europe the continent of Eurasia. Most of the population of Asia is made up of the peoples of China and India (about 40% of the total population), and the list of the largest states includes: Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Japan and the Philippines. Each of these states has over 100 million inhabitants.

If we disassemble the cultural centers, then Asia can be divided into four conditional parts:

1. Southeast Asia. There is a Buddhist worldview here.
2. Near East. The birthplace of Islamic culture.
3. East Asia. The epicenter of the Confucian worldview is China, which has a huge influence on Japan and Korea.
4. South Asia. India and Hindu culture dominate here.

However, despite such fragmentation, all the peoples of Asia have similar features that can distinguish them from others.

One of these features is a respectful attitude to traditions and culture, in most countries they spend the same holidays for years, follow the established rules of behavior and communication in society, adhere to strict upbringing and honor elders. The latter came from tribal communities where the chief elder was held in high esteem; many Asian countries still observe this law.

Most of the ethnic group believes in the need for a centralized state. Many countries in Asia are essentially limited democracies, led by a charismatic and strong leader, or even authoritarian monarchies.

Of the large nationalities, a special place is occupied by:

Africa

If in Europe and Asia it is quite easy to draw up a picture of the ethnic composition and identify large peoples, then in Africa things are different. Up to 8,000 different peoples are recited here, most of them have two to three thousand people and are located in a small area. According to some estimates, more than 3,000 tribes live in Africa, speaking a thousand languages, some of which are poorly understood.

The largest ethnic groups found in Africa are: Arabs, Hausa, Yoruba, Algerian and Moroccan Arabs, Igbo, Fulbe, Aromo, Amhara.

The culture of local peoples is significantly different from European ones. North Africa is characterized as a more developed civilization, the South and Tropics have taken a different path of development, which is why they are so distinctive. Here, the vast majority of residents still live in tribes, where strict rules are established for family life, work and general society. For example, circumcision is a necessity dictated by strict rules, and women in most tribes do not have the right along with men.

Most of the peoples of Africa believe in the existence of magical influences, they make amulets from the evil eye, perform traditional rituals, create totems to protect against various natural disasters and the wrath of the gods, there is even a sacrifice to get a rich harvest, fertile soil, stable rains.

North America

In North America, the indigenous population was divided into three large groups, each of them lived on its own territory, had special traditions and customs that have survived to this day with some changes. The central part of North America was occupied by the Indians, the coasts and islands were inhabited by the Aleuts, and the northern regions went to the Eskimos.

If the Eskimos managed to save their people, then the Aleuts almost completely disappeared - their number was reduced by three times. After colonization, the Spaniards, Portuguese, British and French came to America. Most settled on this mainland, mixing with the Americans and the indigenous population. So there were Americans of English origin, and French-Canadians, and Barbadians (descendants of slaves brought from Africa).

The culture of North America is characterized by an enviable patriotism, and it is observed both among the natives and among visitors during the colonization of the United States. The modern culture of the local ethnic group is a combination of the values ​​of the original population and the innovative reforms of the colonizers. Here, totem buildings still coexist with great skyscrapers, and in the remote corners of the country you can see yurts, bizarre drawings of disappeared tribes, and dwellings of indigenous settlers.

Population of North America:

South America

The modern population of South America is diverse - there are Americans, and immigrants from Europe, and descendants of slaves brought from Africa, and mixed groups (mestizos, mulattos, sambos). The indigenous settlers are groups of Indian peoples, most of them still live in South America, for example, the Arawaks, Vayu, Vapishana, a smaller one has not survived to our times, for example, the Charrua. Some peoples have practically disappeared from America, their number today does not exceed 10 thousand people. At the ethnic level in South America, three main classes can be distinguished: Indians, representatives of the Negroid race and representatives of the Caucasian race.

The culture of South America is very colorful and original. South American countries have a rich musical heritage; it is here that such genres as cumbia and samba originate. South America has become the birthplace of the creation of new musical trends, the world-famous Argentine tango dance has also appeared here.

South America is an example of a successful borrowing of knowledge and skills among peoples, which generalizes various ethnic groups into a single system. The bulk of the population cannot even accurately infect this or that custom, they do not know where it originates and whose people were the primary source. Here traditions are passed down from generation to generation.

South American population:

Australia

Australian Aborigines are considered the indigenous people of Australia, they live apart from other peoples of the world and have their own language group. Now in Australia there are more than 55 thousand people who speak Australian languages, the most common of them is the language of the Western Desert, it is spoken by about 7000 people.

Australian aborigines are prominent representatives of the ancient inhabitants of the earth, the peoples have a similar way of life with the peoples that existed at the stage of the birth of world culture. Indigenous people prefer to stay in the deserts, hunt and farm, live in unity with nature.

After the arrival of the settlers, the ethnic groups on this mainland underwent significant changes. Now the largest group are Anglo-Australians (Australians of English origin), there are also Afghans, Hungarians, Indians, Chinese.

Although the majority of Australia's population is English-speaking, this country stands out from the list of other English-speaking countries. The first distinctive feature is egalitarianism, which implies the equality of all members of society. All the peoples of Australia, without exception, have the same legal, economic and political opportunities. The value of equality for men, women and children is fundamental to Australia.

Friendliness and good relations can be attributed to another feature; on the territory of this mainland, the natives peacefully coexist with visiting colonizers. The indigenous population even got back the territories they owned before the arrival of Europeans.

It is connected with their resettlement during the era of colonial conquests. Negroids in North and South America appeared in the era of the slave system, when they were brought here to work on plantations.

It is wrong to think that the entire population of the world belongs to these races. They make up only 70% of the world's population, and the other 30% are racial groups resulting from the mixing of these four races. Especially intense racial mixing occurred in North and South America. As a result of marriages of representatives of different races, groups such as mulattoes, mestizos and sambos arose. Descendants from marriages of Caucasians with Indians belonging to the Mongoloid race are called mestizos. Mulattos arose from the mixing of Caucasians with Negroids imported from Africa. As a result of the marriages of Negroids with Indians (Mongoloids), Sambo groups were formed.

Within the races, smaller groups are distinguished: tribes, nationalities, nations. In the modern world, 3-4 thousand different peoples are distinguished. The number of each of them is different. For example, the Chinese, of which there are already more than 1.1 billion, and the Vedda tribe, which numbers less than 1,000 people. The bulk of the world's population is still made up of large nations.

As a rule, the commonality of each of the ethnic groups is characterized by a combination of a large number of features, the main of which are the territory, features of life, culture, language. The classification of various peoples by language is based on the principle of their kinship. Languages ​​are grouped into language families, which in turn are divided into language groups. The most common of all language families is Indo-European. About half of all the peoples of the world speak the languages ​​of this family. Of the languages ​​​​of the Indo-European family, the most common are English (425 million people), Hindi (350 million people), Spanish (340 million people), Russian (290 million people), Bengali (185 million people), Portuguese (175 million people), German (120 million people), French (129 million people).

The second significant language family is Sino-Tibetan, the main language of which is Chinese (over 1 billion people). The Chinese language has several main dialects, the differences between which are so great that when speaking, the inhabitants of the northern and southern provinces hardly understand each other. For explanation, they use a single script, which has 50 thousand characters. Each Chinese character is pronounced with a specific musical tone. Depending on the tone, many words pronounced with the same sounds can have completely different meanings.

The wide spread of Chinese and Russian languages ​​is explained by the significance of the territory of these states. But why are English and Spanish so common? Their wide distribution, sharply exceeding the population itself and, is explained by the colonial past of the countries of Asia, Africa and. So, until now, the official language of some is English, and almost everything (except) speaks Spanish.

National criteria underlie the division of mankind into states. If national borders coincide with state borders, then a one-national state is created. It's about half. In them, the main nationality is over 90%. These are many states of Latin America. Sometimes a state is created by two nations. This , . Along with all these countries, there are many states that are multinational. This , . Up to a hundred peoples live in such countries, and very often such a state has a federal structure.

In many multinational states, there are problems of interethnic relations, which are very acute in many regions of the world and from time to time give rise to hot spots on our planet, which often leads to serious consequences in economic and social life.

In the modern world, there are still manifestations of nationalism, which is characterized by the idea of ​​national superiority of any people. Racial and national discrimination has not been completely eradicated. So, for many years conflicts in Canada between Anglo-Canadians, who occupy key positions in the economy, and French-Canadians, who feel their social and economic infringement and advocate the creation of an independent state, have not subsided; For several years, the Middle East hotbed of tension connected with the Arab confrontation and giving rise to the problem of Palestinian refugees has not subsided. There are also “hot spots” in Europe: the Turkish-Greek conflict on, which actually led to the division of this one. There are also "hot spots" associated with national conflicts in the republics of the former USSR.

The most acute national conflicts occur in, where the policy of discrimination until the beginning of the 90s was elevated to the rank of state.

At the end of the 1980s, interethnic relations in Eastern Europe also became very complicated. These include, in particular:

a) the desire of the Polish national minority (about 260 thousand people, or 8% of the country's population) to create their own autonomy;

e) the collapse of Yugoslavia.

It is quite obvious that without solving these and other similar problems it is difficult to develop normal relations between countries.

The largest language families in the world

Russia is famous as a multinational state, more than 190 peoples live on the territory of the country. Most of them ended up in the Russian Federation peacefully, thanks to the annexation of new territories. Each nation is distinguished by its history, culture and heritage. Let us analyze in more detail the national composition of Russia, considering each ethnic group separately.

Large nationalities of Russia

Russians are the most numerous indigenous ethnic group living in Russia. The number of Russian people in the world is equated to 133 million people, but some sources indicate a figure of up to 150 million. More than 110 (almost 79% of the total population of the country) millions of Russians live in the Russian Federation, most of the Russians also live in Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus. If we consider the map of Russia, then the Russian people are distributed in large numbers throughout the entire territory of the state, living in every region of the country ...

Tatars, compared with Russians, make up only 3.7% of the total population of the country. The Tatar people have a population of 5.3 million people. This ethnic group lives throughout the country, the most densely populated city of Tatars is Tatarstan, more than 2 million people live there, and the most sparsely populated region is Ingushetia, where there are not even a thousand people from the Tatar people ...

The Bashkirs are the indigenous people of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The number of Bashkirs is about 1.5 million people - this is 1.1% of the total number of all inhabitants of the Russian Federation. Of the one and a half million people, most (about 1 million) live on the territory of Bashkortostan. The rest of the Bashkirs live throughout Russia, as well as in the CIS countries ...

Chuvash are the indigenous inhabitants of the Chuvash Republic. Their number is 1.4 million people, which is 1.01% of the total national composition of Russians. According to the census, about 880 thousand Chuvashs live on the territory of the republic, the rest live in all regions of Russia, as well as in Kazakhstan and Ukraine ...

Chechens are a people who settled in the North Caucasus, Chechnya is considered their homeland. In Russia, the number of the Chechen people was 1.3 million people, but according to statistics, since 2015 the number of Chechens in the territory of the Russian Federation has increased to 1.4 million. This people makes up 1.01% of the total population of Russia ...

The Mordovian people have a population of about 800 thousand people (about 750 thousand), which is 0.54% of the total population. Most of the people live in Mordovia - about 350 thousand people, followed by the regions: Samara, Penza, Orenburg, Ulyanovsk. Least of all, this ethnic group lives in the Ivanovo and Omsk regions, and 5 thousand belonging to the Mordovian people will not gather there ...

The Udmurt people have a population of 550 thousand people - this is 0.40% of the total population of our vast Motherland. Most of the ethnic group lives in the Udmurt Republic, and the rest is dispersed in neighboring regions - Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Sverdlovsk Region, Perm Territory, Kirov Region, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. A small part of the Udmurt people migrated to Kazakhstan and Ukraine ...

The Yakuts represent the indigenous population of Yakutia. Their number is equal to 480 thousand people - this is about 0.35% of the total national composition in the Russian Federation. Yakuts make up the majority of the inhabitants of Yakutia and Siberia. They also live in other regions of Russia, the regions most densely populated by Yakuts are the Irkutsk and Magadan regions, the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Khabarovsk and the Primorsky District ...

According to statistics available after the census, 460,000 Buryats live in Russia. This is 0.32% of the total number of Russians. Most of the Buryats (about 280 thousand people) live in Buryatia, being the indigenous population of this republic. The rest of the people of Buryatia live in other regions of Russia. The most densely populated territory by Buryats is the Irkutsk Region (77 thousand) and the Trans-Baikal Territory (73 thousand), and the less populated territory is the Kamchatka Territory and the Kemerovo Region, even 2000 thousand Buryats cannot be found there ...

The number of the Komi people living on the territory of the Russian Federation is 230 thousand people. This figure is 0.16% of the total population in Russia. For living, this people chose not only the Komi Republic, which is their immediate homeland, but also other regions of our vast country. The Komi people are found in the Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk and Omsk regions, as well as in the Nenets, Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs ...

The people of Kalmykia are indigenous to the Republic of Kalmykia. Their number is 190 thousand people, if compared as a percentage, then 0.13% of the total population living in Russia. Most of these people, not counting Kalmykia, live in the Astrakhan and Volgograd regions - about 7 thousand people. And least of all Kalmyks live in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the Stavropol Territory - less than a thousand people ...

Altaians are the indigenous people of Altai, therefore they live mainly in this republic. Although some of the population has left the historical habitat, they now live in the Kemerovo and Novosibirsk regions. The total number of the Altai people is 79 thousand people, in percentage - 0.06 of the total number of Russians ...

The Chukchi are a small people from the northeastern part of Asia. In Russia, the Chukchi people have a small number - about 16 thousand people, their people make up 0.01% of the total population of our multinational country. This people is scattered throughout Russia, but most of them settled in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Yakutia, the Kamchatka Territory and the Magadan Region ...

These are the most common peoples that you can meet in the vastness of Mother Russia. However, the list is far from complete, because there are also foreigners in our state. For example, Germans, Vietnamese, Arabs, Serbs, Romanians, Czechs, Americans, Kazakhs, Ukrainians, French, Italians, Slovaks, Croats, Tuvans, Uzbeks, Spaniards, British, Japanese, Pakistanis, etc. Most of the listed ethnic groups make up 0.01% of the total, but there are peoples with more than 0.5%.

You can continue endlessly, because the vast territory of the Russian Federation is capable of accommodating many peoples under one roof, both indigenous and those arriving from other countries and even continents.

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Books

• The peoples of the world in manners and customs. Issue 10. South India, Ceylon, Malaysia
• The peoples of the world in manners and customs. Issue 11th. Malay Peninsula, Dutch East Indies, Borneo,. Petrograd, 1916. P. P. Soikin Publishing House. Richly illustrated edition. Typographic cover. The safety is good. "Peoples of the World in Manners and Customs" is a collective work of more than...
• The peoples of the world in manners and customs. Issue 12. Philippine Islands, Afghanistan and Balochistan, Persia,. Petrograd, 1916. P. P. Soikin Publishing House. Richly illustrated edition. Typographic cover. The safety is good. "Peoples of the World in Manners and Customs" is a collective work of more than...